> USIVANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM Chapter # 02 History of Pakistan Multiple Choice Questions a Quaid — e - Azam inaugurated the State Bank of Pakistan in s a. 1949 b. 1948 c. 1947 2. The Government of Pakistan enforced Zakat system in a, 1980 b. 1981 c. 1982 3 Indus Basin Treaty was signed in a. 1961 b. 1960 c. 1962 4, RCD pact came in____ f a. 1962 b. 1963 e. | 1964 5. . -The first Governor General of Pakistan was a... Muhammad Ali Jinnah b.. Liaq™uat'Ali Khan c, . Khawaje i as 6. The name o! Pakistan was coined by ‘Ticyalind table conference took place'in: Perens ca 1931, bg PASO hs ey 1989 ie oe WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM i 16. 24 round table conference took place in a. 1931 b. 1930 Ge 1932 17. The second governor general was : a. Liaquat Ali Khan b. Allama Iqbal C., Khawaja Nazim uddin 18. The growth rate of Pakistan is____%. a4 bo 5 « 3 19. Sindhhas___ divisions. a 4 b 5 ce 66 20. Pakistan was recognized as a republic in . a 1954 b 1956 ce. 1955 Answers: 3 4 5 1960.* 9 3:2°1964. Libis) Se opr oS bk Prie rE ig ALIL y6ee WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM Short Answers an i Ql. When and which treaty was signed between India and Pakistan with respect to water dispute? Ans: Indus Basin treaty was signed between Pakistan and India in 1960 with the help of World Bank. Q2. Name the rivers on which the Mangla Dam and Tarbela Dam are built. Ans. Mangla Dam is built on river Jehlum, whereas Terbela Dam is built on river Indus. Q3. When and who presented the Pakistan resolution? Ans. Maulvi A.K.Fazal-ul-Haq (Sher-e-Bengal) the Chief Minister of Bengal presented the Pakistan resolution on 23% March 1940, at Lahore where now stands Minar-e-Pakistan. Q4. Name any two ministers of cabinet mission. Ans, The cabinet members ona mission to.Sotith! Asia includes: ‘Lord Pathic Lawrence: Pale ‘Sir Srafford Crips nh Abul Asaz Hafeez Jalindheri‘compésed.the Verses of National: Ant ‘Tt.was approved in June, 1954:. r . Lf Sj hee eA Ertl Mig a WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM Q9. Who composed the tune of National Anthem? What is its duration? Ans, Ahmed G. Chagla composed the tune of National Anthem, its duration is of eighty (80) seconds. i Important Leaders: Leader Birth Death Quaid -e- Azam 1876 1948 Sir Syed - 1817 1898 Allama Igbal 1877 1938 Round Table Conferences: i. 1930 First round table conference ii, 1931 Second round table conference iii. 1932 Third round table conference. Descriptive Answers and Questions Q1. Describe the events from 1940 - 1947. Ans: Introduction: The Hindus and Muslims were two different nations having different religious, faith and belief. The Muslims did not resemble with Hindus in any way. There were many clashes between the Hindus and Muslims. The Muslims wanted a separate homeland so that they can practice the laws of Islam. Events From 1940-1947: Pakistan Resolution (1940): On 23™ March 1940, a resolution was passed by the chief Minister of Bengal, A.K Fazal Haq demanding the separation of Muslims majority regions into a single country. This resolution was named Lahore Resolution but it was renamed as Pakistan Resolution. August Offer (1940): On 8 August 1940, the Britishers presented an offer to the Hindus and the Muslims to participate in the viceroy’s Executive Council Quaid-e-Azam said that the léague had agreed with the offer but only “in principles” though the details were not satisfactory. Due to different reasons it was rejected by both the Hindus and the Muslims. Cripps Mission (1942): Sir Stafford Cripps in the form of one delegation member came to India in order to hold negotiations with the Muslim League and Congress. However, his mission failed. LI SA Bee A OE EE Mig abr IL rie WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB. COM PATTIE COATT TET TTT Quit India Movement (1942): On. 8» august 1942, the Congress started the non-co-operation movement so that pressure may be executed on British Government in two ways that of world and that from India’s internal movement. These Hindus thought that the British would leave, while Quaid-e- Azman demanded First divide then Quit’. Raj Gopal Achariya’s Formula (1944): As a result of Quit India Movement, several congress leaders were brought behind the bar. Raj Gopal Achariya presented his formula of holding negotiations between congress and Muslim league. His formula failed. Gandhi - Jinnah Talks (1944): In September 1944, Gandhi paid a visit to Quaid-e-Azam at his tesidence to hold talks with him. He questioned the reason for petitioning. He (Jinnah) told Gandhi that the Hindus and Muslims belong to two separate religions. These talks proved to be fruitless. Wave Plan (1945): | Lord Wevell, the viceroy of India at that time made a plan to’ solve the internal’ problems of-india. He said that’ the only solution was the : care of Viceroy's executive -Counell ; ‘ é Wits Se wA od bike Pig te Pile WWW.USMANWEB.COMUSIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM Interim Ministries (1946): - On 11% Sep 1946 congress was allowed to form ministries on Hindu quota. The Muslims got angry with it and observed a black day. They Tejected the cabinet Mission. Therefore on the 12% October 1946, they were also allowed to form ministries. Hence, 11 ministries were formed. Congress : 06 Muslim League: 05 Sikh : ol Parasee “2 01 Christian 01 Conclusion Establishment of Pakistan (1947): After a lot of struggle and hard work, Pakistan came into existence on 14 August 1947. According to Islamic Calendar, it was Jummat-ul- Wida, 27% of Ramadan 1366 Hijri. Muslims succeeded in their fight against freedom. Thus Pakistan did not quiet rise to a nationality but all the Muslims of Sub-continent are one nation, this was the spirit that created Pakistan. Q2. What were the initial difficulties faced by Pakistan after its creation? Ans: Introduction: Pakistan came into being on 14 August 1947 after a long and hard struggle of the Muslims. Being a newly born state Pakistan faced a lot of difficulties. Some of these are as follows: Formation of Government: i. Lack of Experienced Personnel: The most important tesk was to establish administration for government but there was a great deficiency of able and experienced personnel's, so junior staff was occupying posts. ii. Official Accommodation: There was no proper accommodation for administrative purposes. The central secretariat began to function in army barracks with no proper furniture or stationary. More over the Official records required for administration were destroyed by Hindus. iti. Constitutional Problem: After partition, government of India act 1935 was adopted with some amendments as constitution. iv. Choice of Capital: To form a government and establish a secretariat the choice of capital was another problem. Therefore Karachi was chosen. LIS SA She A OE VE EPG BIL pee WWW.USMANWEB.COMBP USViIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB. COM i. Obsolete Machine: Pakistan needed military equipment for defence and other machinery for economic welfare. The army was justly divided but ‘the military assets were divided most unjustly. All weapons. were not transferred, only the Obselete and out dated were given. Similarly, railway carriages were sent very late and only the broken ones were sent. ti. No Ordinance factories: There was no ordinance factory in Pakistan while there were 16 in India. tii. Division in Money: At the time of partition Pakistan was to receive 75 million out of which only 200 million were paid. Later because of Gandhi’s strike 500 more were paid. 50 million have still not been paid. Rehabilitation of Refugees: Communal Strife: Asia result of attacks by Hindus ‘and Sikhs at the time of partition when Muslims reached Pakistan they had either been injured or had lost theit families and money. : : | Refugee accommodation: “As a new state Pakistan “face a lots of problems due to the. diplomacy of Hindus-and Bish’ = hy Wits Se eA od bert Pig te PiL ye WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM Q3. Describe the services of Quaid - e - Azam in making Pakistan. Ans: Quaid - e- Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan and the father of nation rendered great services to the Muslims of sub - continent. He received his early education at Karachi and left for England for higher studies where he did his law. He returned to India and started his practice in Bombay. In Politics: He entered the politics in 1906 and was elected a member of legislative council. On insistence of Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar he joined Muslim League in 1913 and retained his membership in congress too. Ambassador: He was an ambassador of Hindu Muslim unity and made sincere efforts in this regard. Lucknow pact 1916 is an example of his sincerity. Elected President of Muslim League: He joined Muslim League in 1913 and reestablished the party with great zeal and zest. Nehru Report: He rejected the Nehru report in 1928 as it was against the favour of Muslims. Fourteen points: He presented his fourteen points in reply of Nehru report in which he had demanded all the fundamental rights for Muslims. Struggle Against Slogan of One India: Quaid - e - Azam was well aware of the Hindu nature so he rejected the slogan of One India and clearly said: “There are three power in India namely Muslims, Hindus and British”. Round Table Conference: He represented Muslims of India in three round table conferences. Day of Deliverance: When the Congress ministers resigned Quaid - e - Azam declared to celebrate “Day of Deliverance” as mark of thanks and joy on 22m December 1939, Pakistan Resolution: On 23 March 1940 a resolution was passed under the presidentship of Quaid - e - Azam. It demanded a separate homeland for Muslims. Rejection of Cripps Mission: Quaid - ¢ - Azam rejected the Cripps proposal in 1942 as it did not contain the Muslim demand. i LI SA Bee A OE EE Mig abr IL rie WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM Gandhi - Jinnah Talk: In 1938 Gandhi - Jinnah talks were held. These talks made Gandhi realize that without Muslims they cannot make British leave India. Simla Conference: He rejected Simla Conference in 1946 and made a clear demand for separate Muslim homeland. Cabinet Mission: Cabinet Mission proposals were rejected by Quaid - e - Azam. 3" June plan: Quaid --e —.Azam signed the 3"! June plan of division of India on behalf of Muslims of sub - continent. Quaid’s Struggle in attainment of Stability: After the creation of Pakistan Quaid - e - Azam strived hard for attainment of its stability. Conclusion: Without the Quaid’s bold decisions and struggle the: Muslims would . not-have been able to attain a separate homeland. in Write. a note on Kashrair issue. “with (an: iron hand ‘but. spirit. for freédom can” never by crushed ~: . through atrocity: The Kashmiri’s even today are ‘strugaling to win the -' bgp ie tin nia de aacas Pmeeupe WWW.USMANWEB.COMUSIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM destination of freedom. They aspire for, annexation with Pakistan “Kashmir banay ga Pakistan” is the main slogan of Kashmiri people Kashmiri ties with Pakistan: The state of Jammu and Kashmir is very clase to Pakistan both on religious as well as geographical grounds. Most of the rivers that irrigate the soil of Pakistan flow from Kashmir. The Kashmir is emotionally attached with Pakistan. Therefore they passed the Raja to join Pakistan. Fake Annexation of Kashmir with India: Raja did everything to crush the freedom movement of the Kashmiri peaple. He forced to slaughtered 2 lac kashmiri’s but the movement got momentum with the passage of time. Being unable to handle the situation in Kashmir, the Raja requested India to come to his rescue. Indian government offered help on the condition to get Raja's signature on the document of annexation. Raja utterly refused and the Indian government prepared a fake document of annexation which the state of Jammu and Kashmir had annexed with India. Azad Kashmir: The Kashmir people did not lose heart even in such a grim situation. They kept on fighting with the Indian army for their cause until they got librated a large area of Kashmir. This area is under the control of Pakistan and is called Azad Jammu Kashmir. The Interference of the Security Council: Soon India got frightened of the Kashmiri freedom frenzy. When the situation became tense on the line of control, the Indian government sought help of the Security Council of the United Nations. The Security Council intervened and passed two resolutions. Two Resolutions of the Security Council: The Security Council passed the following resolutions: . Both the parties (Pakistan and India) were advised to accept cease-fire. * The dispute of Kashmir must be resolved according to the aspirations of the people. For this purpose plebiscite was to be held. The Kashmiri freedom fighters co-operated with the Security Council to bring about peace. Two wars between Pa Kashmir Issue. The armed struggle stopped in Kashmir on Security Council’s promise of holding a plebiscite. But unfortunately Security Council could do nothing in face of the interests of the major powers. The plebiscite could not be held and the Kashmiris were deprived of their basic rights. Pakistan was denied justice. This tyranny led to two wars between India and Pakistan. The wars resulted in nothing but blind bloodshed, Security Council passed more resolutions but nothing was done practically. tan _and India over the LIE SA She eA EE BPG BIL pee WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM iu Conclusion: The. dispute of Jammu and Kashmir has not been resolved since many decades. India has sent large number of army personnel in the valley of Kashmir who are writing chapters of tyranny on the annals of the history. The problem of Kashmir is still pending on the agenda of the United Nations. Every now and then, many resolutions are passed but these resolutions prove nothing but lip service. Q5. Highlight the main points which make the character of Quaid - e —- Azam a model for others. Ans Quiad-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born on 25 December 1876 in Karachi. His father’s name was Jinnah Poonjah who was a trader of leather. The family of Quiad-e-Azam had been’ settled at Karahdar Karachi after migration’ from Gujrat. The name of the mother of Quiad-e-Azam was Shireen Bibi or Mithi Bai who was the daughter of the minister of Agha Khan named Moosa Juma. Quiad-e- Azam’ received his early education from Okhai Memon Masjid * Kharadar. ‘After this he received education from Church Mission High School for some years then he got admitted in Sindh Madressah-tul- Islam Karachi. After this he was sent to England for higher studies where’ he received the ediication of law-from Lincon’s Inn: In April 1896 ‘he passed the examiniation of law. After reciciving a degree of law he ‘started. “practice in. Bombay. In 1906: he Started to take part. life‘a ‘sum of principles. "He was : man of encbies aod, acted. + tipon: whatever | ‘he said or promised.to do.- LIE NS hee eda FOE El Mig IL wre WWW.USMANWEB.COMUSIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM e intelligence: Qauid-e-Azam was an intelligent leader and combined the traits such as statesmanship, courage, sense of responsibility, integrity, forwardness and dedication to his cause. « Honesty A prominent quality of the character of Qauid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was his honesty. He was an honest and courageous person. He boldly dare speak what he considered was in the interest of the Muslims. e => Attractive Personality: Qauid-e-Azam possessed a pleasing personality combined with polished manners. His dress was always neat and exceptionally good. His presence in the gathering remained an attraction to others. « Strong Character: Quaid-e-Azam was a man of very strong character. He did not compromise on his principles. He showed stability in very critical situation and continued his struggle. He never compromised on principles especially on the cause of Muslims and the Pakistan. He continued his struggle for Pakistan inspite of his severe illness. « Constant Thinking: There was a constant thinking in the behavior of Quaid-e-Azam. He was a resolute man of untiring spirit. He never showed confusing thoughts. His thoughts were constant in nature. He always kept his words true. Constant thinking is visible from his speeches. e Devotion: Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah always liked to lead a purposeful life. When he entered in the politics, he made a purpose for the protection for the rights of the Muslims. Then he devoted his whole life in the struggle for Pakistan. It was his vision, courage, selfless service and dedication that he over come the huge problems of Pakistan soon after it appeared on the map of the world. * Favor for Youth: It was a great quality of Quaid-e-Azam that he always supported and admired the younger generation and the students. He called the students the builder of nation. He advised the youth to receive courage and strength. He also used to advise the younger generation to receive education and to do political work. In short Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah had a different personality in which determination and courage was combined. He was a man of principles; he never showed deviation from his word. He always tried for the welfare of the Muslims. He was a sensitive person but with his strong will he did not ever show his feelings to others. He was a serious looking person which LIE NS he eda FOE El Mig BIL oF WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF www. USMANWEB.COM “made him apparently stem‘but he was a dnd hearted person. |" He struggled practically for the nights of the Muslims. The Muslims were united due to his efforts and they won a separate home land under the able leadership of Quaid-e-Azam. f Q20.Describe the role of Quaid-e-Azam as Governor General of Pakistan. Ans. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah: Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born on 25, December 1876 in a locality of Karachi. His father’s name was Jinnah Poonjah who was a trader of leather. He received his early religious education from Okhai Memon Masjid Kharadar. He further received his early education from Church Mission High School, and Sindh Madressah- tul-Islam Karachi. After this he was sent to England for higher studies where he received the education of law from Lincon’s Inn. The mother of Quaid-e-Azam was Shireen Bibi nick named as Mithi Bai who was the daughter of a minister Moosa Juma of Agha Khan. He received a degree of law at the age of nineteen in April 1896. He came back to India in August. 1896 and started practice as a lawyer. He ‘entered in the ‘politics of-the sub-continent in,1906, first he joined the Congress then joined Muslim ‘League in.19 13, After this he devoted himself for the cause! of, the Muslims. The‘ Muslims’ ‘became united due: to ‘his " the ‘separation of Kashmir which stands for the work “IC in Pakistan, [He was greatly disturbed ‘by his growing illness buthe tried: hid-bestto giana be stocealltal Badric dneeuen WWW.USMANWEB.COMUSIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF WWW.USMANWEB.COM solve the problems of this newly born state. The role of Quaid-e-Azam as Governor General was as follows: i National Integrity ii. Settlement of Refugees iii, Advise to Government Officers iv. Foreign Policy v. Advise to the Students vi. Dedication vii. Guiding Principles of Pakistan Economy i Negation to Provincial and Rural Discrimination i. National Integrity: ‘The initial problems of Pakistan required national integrity and close cooperation among the people of the new country. India had not accepted the existence of Pakistan from inner heart, and it was the considered opinion of Hindu leaders that Pakistan would soon collapse and the sub-continent will again be united. But it was the wisdom of Quaid-e-Azam who created national spirit and sense of patriotism among the people through his dedication, hard work and love for Pakistan. National unity was developed and Pakistan became a reality. ii, Settlement of Refugees: About 6.5 million Muslims were rendered homeless in India and compelled to migrate to Pakistan to find refuge. Their settlement was @ gigantic task. Quaid-e-Azam paid immediate attention to the settlement of those refugees. Quaid-e-Azam relief fund was setup. He appealed to people to contribute funds, Quaid-e-Azam personally visited Lahore in October 1947 to look into the problems of refugees who had migrated from East Punjab and made arrangements for their residence and food. He addressed big gathering in Lahore on October 30, 1947 and said that it was the responsibility of Pakistani’s to provide all possible help to the refugees who had left their homes for the sake of Pakistan and that they had suffered a lot at the hands of Hindus and Sikhs. iii. Change in the Attitude of Government Officers: Quaid-e-Azam said that the government officers should prove themselves as true public servants. On March 25, 1948 Quaid- e-Azam addressed the government servants and advised them to perform their duties like public servants with honesty and above any affiliation to any political party or group. This will raise their status in the eyes of the public. The advice of Quaid-e- Azam infused a national spirit. iv. Negation to Provincial and Racial Discrimination: Quaid-e-Azam advised the people to feel proud in calling themselves as Pakistan's and refrain from any kind of racial discrimination and regional prejudice. He toured all the provinces and tried to solve their problems. The armed forces from Waziristan agency were withdrawn giving a message to the people of the area that they were also an integral part of LIE NS She eda FE El Mig IL oF WWW.USMANWEB.COMpe USIVIANWEB ALL CLASS NOTES DOWNLOAD IN PDF www. USMANWEB. COM “Palisten. ‘Difttrent “independent ‘states ‘formed’ an edeweleable part of Pakistan. Karachi was declared the capital of Pakistan. v. Foreign Policy: After the independence Quaid- e-Azam concentrated his efforts to make Pakistan a member of United Nations. Under his guidance diplomatic relations were established with a number of countries in a very short time. The focal point of Pakistan’s foreign policy was to maintain friendly relations with all countries, especially with the close neighbours and Muslim countries. Quaid’s role in this regard was the role of a patriotic and sincere person. vi. Guiding Principles of Pakistan Economy: While inaugurating the State Bank of Pakistan on 1% July 1948. Quaid-e-Azam said that the western economic system was not suitable for Pakistan and will not bring prosperity to the people of this country. We have to evolve a system based on the Islamic equality and social justice. By doing this we might introduce: a new social'order in the world. vii. Advise to the Students: ~~ Quaid-e-Azam held. the view that the tt of. Pakistan are-its* ‘future asset. He advised the students to pay due attention, to their; education. He appreciated the role played by the stude ‘the establishment of Pakistan, and said that it is ‘the’ tim “the sist 43 a LIE NS he eda FOE El Mig IL we WWW.USMANWEB.COM