Translated from Macedonian to English - www.onlinedoctranslator.

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1. Additional domains in the constant part of antibodies have

a) IgG

b) IgM

c) IgD

2. T cell receptors recognize it

a) the antigen bound to the antibody

b) only a peptide from the antigen combined with molecules

c) the antigen directly

3. They belong to the group of mononuclear phagocytes

a) monocytes

b) eosinophils

c) neutrophils

4. Granzyme (protease) causes

a) T cell lineage proliferation

b) necrotic changes

c) apoptosis

5. The process by which a cell can change the class of antibody due to antigenic specificity is controlled
by

a) modulated by hormones

b) chemokines

c) T cells and modulated by cytokines

6. Eosinophils are elevated at

a) bacterial infections

b) parasitic infections

c) viral infections
7. Cutting of one strand of junctions from signal sequences and coding sequences is done with enzymes

a) reverse transcriptase

b) treminal phosphatase

c) RAG 1 and RAG2

8. Antibodies by their chemical nature are

a) immunoglobulins

b) glycolipids

c) lipoproteins

9. auxiliary immune cells are

a) neutrophils

b) lymphocytes and eosinophils

c) basophils

10. specificity is a characteristic

a) innate cellular immunity

b) the acquired

c) innate immunity

11. The CD8 marker binds to

a) MHC 2 molecules

b) M HC1 molecules

c) MHC2 molecules

12. Langerhans cells are immune cells from

a) epithelial cells

b) from interstitium

c) MALT (mucosa associated lymphatic tissue)

13. Arthur's reaction and farmer's chest are examples of

a) organ specific autoimmune disease

b) POT reactions (delayed type hypersensitivity)

c) TYPE 1 hypersensitivity reaction

d) TYPE 2 hypersensitivity reaction

e) TYPE 3 hypersensitivity reaction

14. The Th1 cell cytokine profile consists of

a) TNFα IL6 IL1 INFγ

b) TNFa IL4 TGFB INFy IL10

c) IL4 IL2 TNFα

15. Myasthenia gravis is a disease that occurs as a result of

a) antibodies and activated lymphocytes conmyelin coating

b) antibodies to myelin receptors

c) to acetylcholine molecules

d) to acetylcholine receptors

16. cytokines that stimulate the cellular response are

a) TNFa, IFNy, IL4

b) IL1vINFa IFNγ

c) TGF B IL4 Il10

17. An exception to the larger and smaller fragment rule after cleavage of the complement component
is

a) C3 factor where C3a is the smaller fragment

b) The C4 factor, where the larger fragment produced by cleavage is C4a

c) C2 complement factor where the larger fragment produced by cleavage is C2a

18. During the lytic cleavage of C2, (c2b)koi is obtained

a) diffuses around

b) binds to C3 convertase
c) binds to C5

19. CD3 molecules

a) are molecules expressed by the HLA complex

b) are an integral part of the T cell receptor

c) are involved in signal transduction

20. Autoreactive B cells do not have

a) Fas expressed receptor

b) THfa expressed molecule

c) Bcl 1 expressed gene

21. B lymphocytes may become anergic when

a) are bound with high affinity to TCR

b) their costimulatory signal is enhanced

c) they lack the costimulatory signal

d) weak chronic stimulation by antigens

22. HLA molecules of class 1 contain

a) 2a (a1 I a2) I 2B(B1 I B2)

b) 1a I 2b microglobulin

c) 3 domains a (a1 a2 and a3) and one B microglobulin

23. RAG1/2 enzymes

a) have an important role in rearranging the genes encoding the A and B chains of the TCR

b) has no effect on TCR formation

c) have an important role in the occurrence of somatic hypermutation of the TCR?

24. Hereditary deficiency of C1q is associated with

a) appearance of Chagiash-Higashi syndrome

b) increased risk for systemic lupus erythematosus

c) serum sickness

25. CTLA-4 surface molecule

a) inhibits the costimulatory effect of CD28

b) is expressed at resting T cells

c) is not expressed on resting T cells

d) stimulates the costimulatory action of CD28

e) is an alternative ligand to B-7 instead of CD28???

26. Hypersensitivity reactions of TYPE 4- hypersensitivity reaction is dependent on

a) IgG antibodies

b) IgE antibodies

c) Thx and Tcytotoxic

27. which cytokines have a role in achieving tolerance

a) IL7

b) IL10

c) TNFa

d) TGFb

28. Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disease characterized by antibodies against

A) Antigens on the surface of erythrocytes

b) intrinsic internal factor

c) erythrocyte autoantigens???

29. Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis based on the application of

a) cortico-therapy

b) TGFb inhibitors

c)TNFa inhibitors

30. release of neutrophils from bone marrow and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes takes place under the
influence of
a) S5a component of complement?????

b) C46 and C3a complement components

c) S5b-9(MAS)

d) C6 and C36 complement components

31. IL-2 receptor IL-2R(CD25) is induced in

a) stimulated T cells

b) Resting T cells

C) Not expressed on T cells

32. Gene defects in cytokines or their receptors lead to the appearance of

a) autoimmune diseases

b) septic shock

c) severe combined immunodeficiencies

33. The planar structure of IgM antibodies is very important for

a) initial activation of the lectin pathway of the complement system

b) incipient activation of the classical pathway of the complement system

c) is an obstacle to the initial activation of the complement system

34. RF is more significant as a diagnostic than a prognostic factor for the disease

a) correct

b) Incorrect

35. which signals are needed for T lymphocyte activation

a) CD28 with B7 and influence of cytokines towards the initial TCR+antigen MHC1/2

b) one additional signal to TCR+ antigenMHC1/2

c) TCR+antigen MHC1/2
36. An exception to the rule for a larger and smaller fragment after cleavage of the complement
component is

a) C3 factor where C3a is the smaller fragment

b) the C2 factor of complement where the larger fragment produced by cleavage is C2a

c) The C4 factor where the larger fragment produced by cleavage is C4a

37. Beta2- microglobulin is needed for

a) transport of class 1 molecules to the cell surface and for their expression there

b) for class 2 transport

c) signal transduction

38. In which autoimmune diseases the cause of tissue damage are autoreactive T lymphocytes

a) Hashimoto's thyroiditis

b) multiple sclerosis

c) insulin dependent diabetes

d) systemic lupus

e) myasthenia gravis

39. Membrane attack complex consists of

a) C5a, C6, C7, C8

b) C5a (C6, C7, C8, C9)

c) C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9

40. Stem or dendritic cells are

a) memory cells

b) auxiliary cells

c) antigen presenting cells

41. The activated macrophage secretes:

-IL6, TNFα, IL1

42. Somatic hypermutation is a process, which is mediated by –

- Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (APD) enzyme

43. Phagocytic cells are --

- Macrophages

44. An antigen has--

-multiple epitopes

45. CD4+ lymphocytes are

-- T helper cells

46. T helper cells -

-- They secrete cytokines that affect the function of many other cells

47. Antigen antibody interaction is the result of signal transduction--

- Incorrect???

48. Th2 release cytokines and that-

-- Interleukin 4 and 5

49. How do adjuvants affect the immune response-

- The local inflammation is increased/ the persistence of the antigen is prolonged

50. An activated T cytotoxic cell performs its effector function by --

- Secretion of perforins

51. Each antibody consists of --

- Two heavy and two light

52. Kupffer cells are found in -

-- Liver

53. The activation and differentiation of mature B cells in the peripheral lymphatic organs --
- Looking for an antigen

54. T-helper cells recognize self-

-- Antigens displayed via class2 MNS molecules

55. The antibody's communication with other cells takes part-

-- NH2 region from an antibody

56. Cytokines are synthesized by--

- From macrophages, lymphocytes, mastocytes, fibroblasts, stromal cells

57. Antibody light chain consists of -

-- Constant and variable region
58. The lymphocyte cell line formed after lymphocyte maturation--
- There is an altered copy of the primary sequence

59. One TLR (toloid receptor) recognizes different patterns ie. different molecules (parts of lipoproteins,
polysaccharides, nucleic acid molecules)-
--- Correct

60. RAG 1/2 control recombination:

- on TCR and B cells (cell receptors).

61. Vaccines encourage:

- active immunity.

62. Eosinophils are elevated in:

- infection by parasites.

63. Parts of innate immunity are:

- TLR.

64. The feature immune memory is a feature of:

- acquired immunity.

65. The events that occur during maturation in the bone marrow
- do not require antigen.

66. Apoptosis is a process in which:

- programmed cell death.

67. The CD19 molecule is found in:

- B cell receptor (BCR) coreceptor

68. Activated lymphocytes display low levels of bcl-2:

- are more resistant to inducing apoptosis.?

69. Somatic hypermutation is a process primarily directed at variable regions of rearranged

immunoglobulin genes:
- That's right

70. T regulatory cells (gamma, delta T cells) are identified:

- with the presence of CD4 and CD25 on their membranes.

71. Th1 in cooperation with mononuclear phagocytes release:

- Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma).

72. The CD8 marker binds to:

- MHC1 (in answers) molecules
73. Somatic hypermutation - mutations in IgG genes is the mechanism that is activated

- in the central districts and is connected, but not dependent on class switching

74. IgM antibodies have a heavy chain

-th chain

75. Diversity ie. the ability of the immune system to respond to a very large number of different antigens
(antigenic repertoire) is a characteristic

- the specific one

76. It participates in the communication of the antibody with other cells

-COOH end of the constant domain

77. Genetic rearrangement is a basic characteristic of

- lymphocyte cell lines

78. Selection of centrocytes occurs in

- the light zone

79. The main immunopoietic organs are

- thymus and bone marrow

80. The main membrane-bound immunoglobulins presented on mature B cells are

-IgM and IgD antibodies

81. The lymphocyte cell line formed after lymphocyte maturation

-none of the above

82. Auxiliary immune cells are

- the basophils

83. The tissue from the cornea and the sperm if introduced into the same organ....

-may be immunogenic

84. The granzyme (protease) causes

- apoptosis

85. Vaccines encourage

-active immunity

86. T cell receptors recognize it

- just a peptide from the antigen combined with GHC molecules

87. Langerhans cells are immune cells of:

-epithelial cells.

88. IgM antibodies have a heavy chain

-µ circuit

89. The isotope of the antibody is determined by the type of:

- the heavy chain

90. MBL (mannose binding lectin) binds to:

- the sugar from the bakery wall.

91. Which of the following statements regarding Tpo1 cells is not correct:
-activates Tct cells?-stimulates inflammation?

92. T helper cells recognize only:

- antigens presented through class 1 MHC molecules.