MS-CM-003

Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are a group of conditions that affect the muscles,
tendons, ligaments, nerves, and other soft tissues of the body, primarily due to the performance of
work-related activities. These disorders can result from repetitive movements, awkward postures,
forceful exertions, prolonged sitting or standing, and vibration.
Common examples of work-related MSDs include carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, rotator cuff
injuries, lower back pain, and herniated discs. These disorders can lead to pain, discomfort, limited
range of motion, and decreased productivity for affected workers.

The burden of work-related MSDs is significant. They are a common occupational health issue
globally, leading to reduced productivity, increased absenteeism, and medical costs. According to
epidemiological studies, MSDs account for a substantial portion of work-related illnesses. The exact
prevalence varies by industry, job type, and region, but they can affect a wide range of occupations,
including office workers, healthcare professionals, construction workers, and more.

Repetitive Movements: Engaging in repetitive tasks without sufficient breaks can strain
muscles and tendons, leading to MSDs.
Awkward Postures: Maintaining awkward or uncomfortable positions for extended
periods can stress muscles and joints. Poor workstation design or improper body mechanics
contribute to this risk.
Forceful Exertions:
Vibration: Prolonged exposure to whole-body or hand-arm vibration, often encountered in
industries like construction, manufacturing, and driving heavy machinery, can contribute to MSDs.
Static Postures:
High Force or Load: Lifting or moving heavy objects without proper techniques or
assistance can lead to overexertion and muscle strain, especially in the back and shoulders.
Lack of Ergonomics: Poorly designed workstations, chairs, and equipment can force
workers into uncomfortable positions, leading to MSDs over time.
Inadequate Rest Breaks: Insufficient breaks to rest and recover during tasks can result
in fatigue, increasing the risk of developing MSDs.
Psychosocial Factors: High levels of job stress, low job satisfaction, and lack of control
over work tasks can contribute to muscle tension and discomfort, exacerbating MSDs