PRESENT SIMPLE – PROSTO SADAŠNJE VREME

Present simple – prosto sadašnje vreme

Simple Present Tense (Prosto sadašnje vreme) se gradi od osnovnog oblika glagola (infinitiv
bez “to”).
Na primer, infinitiv sa “to” glagola raditi glasi to work a infinitiv bez “to” glasi work. Za sva lica
osim za treće lice jednine potvrdni oblik prostog sadašnjeg vremena glasi work. Za treće lice
se dodaje –s.
Potvrdni oblik

Jednina (singular)
 I work. (Ja radim.)
 You work. (Ti radiš.)
 He/she/it works. (On/ona/ono radi.)
Množina (plural)
 We work. (Mi radimo.)
 You work. (Vi radite.)
 They work. (Oni rade.)
Nastavak –s u trećem licu jednine može imati različite oblike. Ukoliko se glagol završava na
vokal o nastavak će glasiti –es, kao u primeru glagola go koji u 3. l. jed. glasi goes ili
glagol do koji u 3. l. jed. glasi does.
Ukoliko se glagol završava na –ch, –sh, –x, –ss, nastavak takođe glasi –es:
 He teaches. (teach – predavati)
 She washes. (wash – prati)
 He kisses. (kiss – ljubiti)
 She fixes. (fix – popravljati)
Ako se glagol završava na –y i ukoliko je ispred njega suglasnik –y prelazi u –ie:
 He cries. (cry -plakati)
 It flies. (fly – leteti)
Ako je ispred –y samoglasnik, nema promene:
 She plays. (play – igrati)
 He stays. (stay – ostati)
Izuzetak je glagol have (imati) koji u trećem licu glasi has.
Upitni oblik
Upitni oblik glagola u Present Simple Tense-u se gradi od pomoćnog glagola do,
odnosno does (za treće lice jednine) i osnovnog oblika glavnog glagola.
Sva pitanja se u engleskom jeziku dele na Yes/No pitanja i Wh– pitanja. Yes/No nemaju upitnu
reč i na njih se može odgovoriti sa da ili ne. Wh- pitanja počinju upitnom rečju a one su: when,
what, why, where, how, how much, how many…
Yes/No pitanja:
Jednina (singular)
 Do I work? (Da li ja radim?)
 Do you work? (Da ti radiš?)
 Does he/she/it work? (Da li on/ona/ono radi?)
Množina (plural)
 Do we work? (Da li mi radimo?)
 Do you work? (Da li vi radite?)
 Do they work? (Da li oni rade?)
Odrični oblik
Odrični oblik se gradi od odričnog oblika pomoćnog glagola do (odnosno does za treće lice
jednine) u odričnom obliku i osnovnog oblika glavnog glagola.
 Jednina (singular)
 I do not (don’t) work. (Ja ne radim.)
 You do not (don’t) work. (Ti ne radiš.)
 He/she/it does not (doesn’t) work. (On/ona/ono ne radi.)
Množina (plural)
 We do not (don’t) work. (Mi ne radimo.)
 You do not (don’t) work. (Vi ne radite.)
 They do not (don’t) work. (Oni ne rade.)
Present simple – Upotreba
Prosto sadašnje vreme se koristi za:

Radnje koje se ponavljaju (navike, običaji, rutine):

 I get up at 6 o’clock. (Ja ustajem u 6 sati.)

 She wears a uniform at work. (Ona nosi uniformu na poslu.)
 The English drink tea at 5 o’clock in the afternoon. (Englezi piju čaj u 5 sati popodne.)
U ovom smislu se mogu koristiti i prilozi i fraze za učestalost (reči koje označavaju koliko često
se dešava radnja).

To
su: always (uvek), usually (obično), often (često), sometimes (ponekad), never (nikad), every
day (svakog dana), every month (svakog meseca), every year (svake godine) i sl.
Zatim, once a year (jedanput godišnje), twice a day (dvaput dnevno), three times a
week (triput nedeljno) i sl.
Prilozi always, usually, often, sometimes, never dolaze pre glavnog glagola u potvrdnom
obliku. Fraze every day, every month, twice a year… najčešće dolaze na kraju rečenice:
 I always go to school at 8 o’clock in the morning. (Ja uvek idem u školu u 8 sati ujutru.)
 She usually drinks tea in the evening. (Ona obično pije čaj uveče.)
 We never eat in the living room. (Mi nikad ne jedemo u dnevnoj sobi.)
Opšte istine (nešto što je uvek tačno):

 People change money in banks. (Ljudi menjaju novac u bankama.)

 A day has 24 hours. (Dan ima 24 časa.)
 The Earth goes around the Sun. (Zemlja se okreće oko Sunca.)
 The Sava flows into the Danube. (Sava se uliva u Dunav.)
Karakteristike subjekta:

 He speaks English very well. (On dobro govori engleski.)

 My sister plays the piano. (Moja sestra svira klavir)

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE – SADAŠNJE TRAJNO VREME

The Present Continuous Tense – Sadašnje trajno vreme
Present Continuous Tense (Sadašnje trajno vreme) se gradi od glagola to be u Present Simple
Tense-u (Prostom sadašnjem vremenu), tj. am/is/are + Present Participle (sadašnji particip)
glavnog glagola.
Sadašnji particip se gradi kada se na infinitiv doda nastavak –ing:
 go – going
 sleep – sleeping
 work – working
Ako se glagol završava na jedan suglasnik ispred kojeg stoji kratak, naglašen samoglasnik,
krajnji se suglasnik ispred –ing udvostručava:
 hit (udariti) – particip: hitting
 stop (prestati) – particip: stopping
 permit (dopustiti) – particip: permitting
 begin (početi) – particip: beginning
Krajnje –l se uvek udvostručava:
 travel (putovati) – particip: travelling
Ukoliko se glagol završava na –e, to -e se gubi i dodaje se nastavak –ing:
 come – coming
 make – making
 take – taking
Ukoliko se glagoli završavaju na –ie, nastavak -ie prelazi u y i dodaje se nastavak – ing:
 die – dying
 lie – lying
Potvrdni oblik
Jednina (singular)
 I am working. (Ja radim.)
 You are working. (Ti radiš.)
 He/she/it is working. (On/ona/ono radi.)
Množina (plural)
 We are working. (Mi radimo.)
 You are working. (Vi radite.)
 They are working. (Oni rade.)
Upitni oblik
Jednina (singular)
 Am I working? (Da li ja radim?)
 Are you working? (Da li ti radiš?)
 Is he/she/it working? (Da li on/ona/ono radi?)
Množina (plural)
 Are we working? (Da li mi radimo?)
 Are you working? (Da li vi radite?)
 Are they working? (Da li oni rade?)
Odrični oblik
Odrični oblik Present Continuous Tense-a (Sadašnjeg trajnog vremena) se gradi od odričnog
oblika pomoćnog glagola to be u sadašnjem vremenu i Present Participle-a (sadašnjeg
participa) glavnog glagola.
Jednina (singular)
 I am not (I’m not) working. (Ja ne radim.)
 You are not (aren’t) working. (Ti ne radiš.)
 He/she/it is not (isn’t) working. (On/ona/ono ne radi.)
Množina (plural)
 We are not (aren’t) working. (Mi ne radimo.)
 You are not (aren’t) working. (Vi ne radite.)
 They are not (aren’t) working. (Oni ne rade.)
The Present Continuous Tense – Upotreba
Present Continuous Tense (Sadašnje trajno vreme) se koristi za:

Radnju koja se dešava u trenutku govora, te se stoga uz njega često nalaze vremenske
odrednice now (sada) i at the moment (u ovom trenutku):
 She is reading a book at the moment. (Ona trenutno čita knjigu.)
 Look! She is dancing. (Pogledaj! Ona pleše.)
Planove vezane za budućnost:

 I am visiting my sister next weekend. (Sledećeg vikenda ću posetiti svoju sestru.)

 She is travelling to Italy next month. (Ona će putovati u Italliju sledećeg meseca.)

Present perfect simple - Sadašnje svršeno vreme

have/has i Past Participle-a (prošlog participa) glavnog glagola.
Prošli particip se kod pravilnih glagola gradi kada se na infinitiv doda nastavak –ed. Kod
nepravilnih glagola prošli particip ima drugačiji oblik (tzv. treća kolona):
 play – played
 work – worked
 sleep – slept
Potvrdni oblik
Jednina (singular)
 I have (I’ve) worked. (Ja sam radio.)
 You have (You’ve) worked. (Ti si radio.)
 He/she/it has (He’s/She’s/It’s) worked. (On/ona/ono je radio/radila/radilo.)
Množina (plural)
 We have (We’ve) worked. (Mi smo radili.)
 You have (You’ve) worked. (Vi ste radili.)
 They have (They’ve) worked. (Oni su radili.)
Upitni oblik
Gradi se inverzijom (u odnosu na potvrdni oblik) pomoćnog glagola to have (u sadašnjem
vremenu) i lične zamenice.
Yes/No pitanja:
Jednina (singular)
 Have I worked? (Da li sam ja radio?)
 Have you worked? (Da li si ti radio?)
 Has he/she/it worked? (Da li je on/ona/ono radio/radila/radilo?)
Množina (plural)
 Have we worked? (Da li smo mi radili?)
 Have you worked? (Da li ste vi radili?)
 Have they worked? (Da li su oni radili?)
Odrični oblik
have (odnosno has za treće lice jednine) + NOT i Past Participle-a glavnog glagola.
Jednina (singular)
 I have not (haven`t) worked. (Ja nisam radio.)
 You have not (haven`t) worked. (Ti ne radiš.)
 He/she/it has not (hasn`t) worked. (On/ona/ono nije radio/radila/radilo.)
Množina (plural)
 We have not (haven`t) worked. (Mi nismo radili.)
 You have not (haven`t) worked. (Vi niste radili.)
 They have not (haven`t) worked. (Oni nisu radili.)
Present perfect simple – Upotreba
Present Perfect Tense (Sadašnje svršeno vreme) se koristi za:

Radnju koja je upravo završena, te se stoga uz njega često nalazi vremenska

odrednica just (upravo). Ovaj prilog se nalazi između glagola to have i participa prošlog:
 She has just gone out. (Ona je upravo izašla.)
Radnju koja se desila u prošlosti u neko neodređeno vreme:

 I have travelled to America. (Putovao sam u Ameriku.)

Prošlu radnju koja ima vidljive rezultate (posledice) u sadašnjosti:

 The lift has broken down. We have to use the stairs. (Lift se pokvario. Moramo da idemo
stepenicama.)
 I have washed the car. It looks lovely. (Oprao sam kola. Izgledaju odlično.)
Za radnju koja kazuje neko životno iskustvo subjekta. U ovom značenju često se javljaju i
prilozi ever (ikada) i never (nikad), koji se nalaze između glagola to have i participa prošlog:
 He has never eaten Chinese food. (On nikada nije jeo kinesku hranu.)
 Have you ever been to France? (Da li si ikada bio u Francuskoj?)
Za radnju koja se dogodila ranije nego što je očekivano. U tom smislu se upotrebljava
prilog already (već) koji se nalazi između glagola to have i participa prošlog:
  Jane: Tom, don’t forget to post the letter. (Džejn: Tome, nemoj da zaboraviš da pošalješ
pismo.)
 Tom: I’ve already posted it. (Tom: Ja sam ga već poslao.)
Za očekivanu radnju. U tom smislu koristimo reč yet, koja se nekada ni ne prevodi, ali ima
značenje do sad, do ovog trenutka, još uvek. Ona se nalazi na kraju rečenice, i koristi se
samo u odričnim i upitnim rečenicama:
 Has it stopped raining yet? (Da li je kiša prestala da pada?)
 I haven’t done my homework yet. (Još uvek nisam uradio svoj domaći zadatak.)

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE – SADAŠNJE SVRŠENO TRAJNO VREME

Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Sadašnje svršeno trajno vreme) se gradi od glagola “to
be” u Present Perfect Tense-u (Sadašnjem svršenom vremenu), tj. have/has been i Present
Participle-a (sadašnjeg participa) glavnog glagola.
Potvrdni oblik
Jednina (singular)
 I have been working. (Ja sam radio.)
 You have been working. (Ti si radio.)
 He/she/it has been working. (On/ona/ono je radio/radila/radilo.)
Množina (plural)
 We have been working. (Mi smo radili.)
 You have been working. (Vi ste radili.)
 They have been working. (Oni su radili.)
Upitni oblik
Upitni oblik glagola u Present Perfect Continuous Tense-u se gradi kao upitni oblik Present
Perfect Simple Tense-a tj. inverzijom (u odnosu na potvrdni oblik) pomoćnog glagola “to
have” i lične zamenice.
Yes/No pitanja:
Jednina (singular)
 Have I been working? (Da li sam ja radio?)
 Have you been working? (Da li si ti radio?)
 Has he/she/it been working? (Da li je on/ona/ono radio/radila/radilo?)
Množina (plural)
 Have we been working? (Da li smo mi radili?)
 Have you been working? (Da li ste vi radili?)
 Have they been working? (Da li su oni radili?)
Na Yes/No pitanja se odgovara kratkim odgovorima (Short answers) na sledeći način:

Jednina (singular)
 Have I been working? – Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
 Have you been working? – Yes you have. / No, you haven’t.
 Has he/she/it been working? – Yes, he/she/it has. / No, he/she/it hasn’t.
Množina (plural)
 Have we been working? – Yes, we have. / No, we haven’t.
 Have you been working? – Yes, you have. / No, you haven’t.
 Have they been working? – Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
Wh- pitanja:

Odrični oblik
Odrični oblik se gradi od odričnog oblika glagola be (u Present Perfect Simple Tense-u) i Past
Participle-a glavnog glagola.
Jednina (singular)
 I have not (haven’t) been working. (Ja nisam radio.)
 You have not (haven’t) been working. (Ti nisi radio.)
 He/She/It has not (hasn’t) been working. (On/Ona/Ono nije radio/radila/radio.)
 Množina (plural)
 We have not (haven’t) been working. (Mi nismo radili.)
 You have not (haven’t) been working. (Vi niste radili.)
 They have not (haven’t) been working. (Oni nisu radili.)
Present Perfect Continuous Tense – Upotreba
Present Perfect Continuous Tense se koristi za:
Radnju koja je započeta u prošlosti, još uvek traje i može se nastaviti u budućnosti:

 She has been learning English for three years. (Ona uči engleski već tri godine.)
U ovom kontekstu koristimo priloge for i since.
For označava ukupan vremenski period trajanja radnje:
 I have been swimming for an hour. (Plivam već sat vremena.)
Since označava početak dešavanja radnje:

 I have been living here since 1998. (Živim ovde od 1998.)

Radnju koja se do skoro dešavala i ostavila jasne posledice u sadašnjosti:

 It has been raining. The ground is still wet. (Padala je kiša. Zemlja je još mokra.)
Napomena: Kao što se iz prethodnih primera može videti, Present Perfect Continuous Tense se
može prevesti i sadašnjim vremenom, u zavisnosti od konteksta.

PAST SIMPLE TENSE – PROSTO PROŠLO VREME

Simple Past Tense (Prosto prošlo vreme) pravilnih glagola se gradi od osnovnog oblika
glagola (infinitiv bez “to”) i nastavka –ed.
Potvrdni oblik
Jednina (singular)
 I worked. (Ja sam radio.)
 You worked. (Ti si radio.)
 He/she/it worked. (On/ona/ono je radio/radila/radilo.)
Množina (plural)
 We worked. (Mi smo radili.)
 You worked. (Vi ste radili.)
 They worked. (Oni su radili.)
Ako se infinitiv glagola završava na –e, nastavak glasi –d:
 He closed. (close – zatvoriti)
Ako se glagol završava na –y i ukoliko je ispred njega suglasnik, –y prelazi u –i:
 He cried. (cry – plakati)
Ako je ispred –y samoglasnik, nema promene:
 She played. (play – igrati)
 He stayed. (stay – ostati)
Ukoliko se infinitiv završava na jedan suglasnik ispred koga je kratak, naglašen samoglasnik, taj
krajnji suglasnik se udvostručava pred nastavkom za Simple Past Tense:

 plan – planned (planirati)

 stop – stopped (zaustaviti)
Nepravilni glagoli imaju posebne oblike za prošlo vreme i oni se uče napamet.
Upitni oblik
Upitni oblik glagola u Simple Past Tense-u se gradi od pomoćnog glagola “do” u prošlom
vremenu koji glasi “did” i osnovnog oblika glavnog glagola.
Yes/No pitanja:
Jednina (singular)
 Did I work? (Da li sam ja radio?)
 Did you work? (Da li si ti radio?)
 Did he/she/it work? (Da li je on/ona/ono radio/radila/radilo?)
 Množina (plural)
 Did we work? (Da li smo mi radili?)
 Did you work? (Da li ste vi radili?)
 Did they work? (Da li su oni radili?)
Nepravilni glagoli grade upitni oblik na isti način.
Odrični oblik
Odrični oblik se gradi od odričnog oblika pomoćnog glagola “do” u prošlom vremenu i osnovnog
oblika glavnog glagola.
Jednina (singular)
 I did not (didn’t) work. (Ja nisam radio.)
 You did not (didn’t) work. (Ti nisi radio.)
 He/she/it did not (didn’t) work. (On/ona/ono nije radio/radila/radilo.)
Množina (plural)
 We did not (didn’t) work. (Mi nismo radili.)
 You did not (didn’t) work. (Vi niste radili.)
 They did not (didn’t) work. (Oni nisu radili.)
Nepravilni glagoli grade odrični oblik na isti način.
Past simple tense – Upotreba
Prosto prošlo vreme se koristi za radnju koja je završena u prošlosti.
Karakteristične vremenske odrednice uz koje se upotrebljava su:

 yesterday – juče,
 the day before yesterday – prekjuče,
 two years ago – pre dve godine,
 three hours ago – pre tri sata,
 last Monday – prošlog ponedeljka,
 last year – prošle nedelje,
 in 1977 – 1977. i sl.
Primeri:

 I worked in a shop last year. (Radio sam u prodavnici prošle godine.)

 My brother finished his homework an hour ago. (Moj brat je završio domaći pre sat vremena.)
 Last week we decided to buy a new house. (Prošle nedelje smo odlučili da kupimo novu kuću.)
 Sandra closed the window a few minutes ago. (Sandra je zatvorila prozor pre nekoliko minuta.)
 My father built this house in 1997. (Moj otac je sagradio ovu kuću 1997.-e)
 The day before yesterday Marko bought a nice hat. (Prekjuče je Marko kupio lep šešir.)

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE – PROŠLO TRAJNO VREME

Past Continuous Tense (Prošlo trajno vreme) se gradi od glagola “to be” u Past Simple Tense-
u (Prostom prošlom vremenu), tj. was/were i Present Participle-a (sadašnjeg participa) glavnog
glagola.
Jednina (singular)
 I was working. (Ja sam radio.)
 You were working. (Ti si radio.)
 He/she/it was working. (On/ona/ono je radio/radila/radilo.)
Množina (plural)
 We were working. (Mi smo radili.)
 You were working. (Vi ste radili.)
 They were working. (Oni su radili.)
Upitni oblik
Upitni oblik glagola u Past Continuous Tense-u (Prošlom trajnom vremenu) se
gradi inverzijom (u odnosu na potvrdni oblik) pomoćnog glagola to be (u prošlom vremenu)
i lične zamenice.
Yes/No pitanja:
Jednina (singular)
 Was I working? (Da li sam ja radio?)
 Were you working? (Da li si ti radio?)
 Was he/she/it working? (Da li je on/ona/ono radio/radila/radilo?)
Množina (plural)
 Were we working? (Da li smo mi radili?)
 Were you working? (Da li ste vi radili?)
 Were they working? (Da li su oni radili?)
Na Yes/No pitanja se odgovara kratkim odgovorima (Short answers) na sledeći način:

Jednina (singular)
 Was I working? – Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.
 Were you working? – Yes, you were. / No, you weren’t.
 Was he/she/it working? – Yes, he/she/it was. / No, he/she/it wasn’t.
Množina (plural)
 Were we working? – Yes, we were. / No, we weren’t.
 Were you working? – Yes you were. / No, you weren’t.
 Were they working? – Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.
Odrični oblik
Odrični oblik Past Continuous Tense-a (Prošlog trajnog vremena) se gradi od odričnog
oblika pomoćnog glagola to be u prošlom vremenu i Present Participle-a (sadašnjeg
participa) glavnog glagola.
Jednina (singular)
 I was not (I wasn’t) working. (Ja nisam radio.)
 You were not (weren’t) working. (Ti nisi radio.)
 He/she/it was not (wasn’t) working. (On/ona/ono nije radio/radilo.)
Množina (plural)
 We were not (weren’t) working. (Mi nismo radili.)
 You were not (weren’t) working. (Vi niste radili.)
 They were not (weren’t) working. (Oni nisu radili.)
Past Continuous Tense – Upotreba
Past Continuous Tense (Prošlo trajno vreme) se koristi za:

Radnju koja je u prošlosti duže vreme trajala:

 She was reading a book all day yesterday. (Ona je ceo dan juče čitala knjigu.)
Dve radnje koje su se u prošlom vremenu paralelno dešavale:

 While I was watching TV, my sister was doing her homework. (Dok sam ja gledao TV, moja
sestra je radila svoj domaći.)
Prošlu radnju koja je duže trajala a prekinuta je nekom drugom prošlom radnjom. Ta druga
radnja se obično izražava prostim prošlim vremenom (Past simple tense):

 I was watching TV when the telephone rang. (Ja sam gledao TV kada je telefon zazvonio.)
 When we arrived they were playing cards. (Kada smo stigli oni su igrali karte.)
Napomena: Glagoli koji se ne koriste u Present Continuous Tense-u, ne koriste se ni u Past
Continuous Tense-u. Umesto njih se obično koristi glagol u Past Simple Tense-u.

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE – DAVNO PROŠLO VREME

Past Perfect Simple - Davno prošlo vreme
Past Perfect Tense (Davno prošlo vreme) se gradi od pomoćnog glagola “to have” u Past
Simple Tense-u (prošlom prostom vremenu), tj. had i Past Participle-a (prošlog participa)
glavnog glagola.
Potvrdni oblik
Jednina (singular)
 I had (I’d) worked. (Ja sam bio radio.)
 You had (You’d) worked. (Ti si bio radio.)
 He had (He’d) worked. (On je bio radio.)
 She had (She’d) worked. (Ona je bila radila.)
 It had (It’d) worked. (Ono je bilo radilo.)
Množina (plural)
 We had (We’d) worked. (Mi smo bili radili.)
 You had (You’d) worked. (Vi ste bili radili.)
 They had (They’d) worked. (Oni su bili radili.)
Jednina (singular)
 I had (I’d) slept. (Ja sam bio spavao.)
 You had (You’d) slept. (Ti si bio spavao.)
 He had (He’d) slept. (On je bio spavao.)
 She had (She’d) slept. (Ona je bila spavala.)
 It had (It’d) slept. (Ono je bilo spavalo.)
Množina (plural)
 We had (We’d) slept. (Mi smo bili spavali.)
 You had (You’d) slept. (Vi ste bili spavali.)
 They had (They’d) slept. (Oni su bili spavali.)
Upitni oblik
Upitni oblik glagola u Past Perfect Tense-u (Sadašnjem svršenom vremenu) se
gradi inverzijom (u odnosu na potvrdni oblik) pomoćnog glagola “to have” (u prošlom
vremenu) i lične zamenice.
Yes/No pitanja:
Jednina (singular)
 Had I worked? (Da li sam ja bio radio?)
 Had you worked? (Da li si ti bio radio?)
 Had he worked? (Da li je on bio radio?)
 Had she worked? (Da li je ona bila radila?)
 Had it worked? (Da li je ono bilo radilo?)
Množina (plural)
 Had we worked? (Da li smo mi bili radili?)
 Had you worked? (Da li vi ste bili radili?)
 Had they worked? (Da li su oni bili radili?)
Na Yes/No pitanja se odgovara kratkim odgovorima (Short answers) na sledeći način:

Jednina (singular)
 Had I worked? – Yes, I had. / No, I hadn’t.
 Had you worked? – Yes, you had. / No, you hadn’t.
 Had he worked? – Yes, he had. / No, he hadn’t.
 Had she worked? – Yes, she had. / No, she hadn’t.
 Had it worked? – Yes, it had. / No, it hadn’t.
Množina (plural)
 Had we worked? – Yes, we had. / No, we hadn’t.
 Had you worked? – Yes you had. / No, we hadn’t.
 Had they worked? – Yes, they had. / No, they hadn’t.
Odrični oblik
Odrični oblik se gradi od odričnog oblika prošlog vremena glagola “have” i Past Participle-a
glavnog glagola.
Jednina (singular)
 I had not (hadn’t) worked. (Ja nisam bio radio.)
 You had not (hadn’t) worked. (Ti nisi bio radio.)
 He had not (hadn’t) worked. (On nije bio radio.)
 She had not (hadn’t) worked. (Ona nije bila radila.)
 It had not (hadn’t) worked. (Ono nije bilo radilo.)
Množina (plural)
 We had not (hadn’t) worked. (Mi nismo bili radili.)
  You had not (hadn’t) worked. (Vi niste bili radili.)
 They had not (hadn’t) worked. (Oni nisu bili radili.)
Upotreba
The Past Perfect Tense (Davno prošlo vreme) se upotrebljava za:

Radnju koja se završila pre neke druge prošle radnje:

 She suddenly found that she had lost her camera. (Odjednom je shvatila da je izgubila foto
aparat.)
The Past Perfect Tense se upotrebljava u zavisnim rečenicama uz after. Takođe se mogu
pojaviti i prilozi when i because:
 After we had reached the top, we began to feel tired. (Pošto smo se popeli na vrh počeli smo da
osećamo umor.)
 His friends tried to help him after he had lost all his money. (Prijatelji su pokušali da mu pomognu
nakon što je izgubio sav svoj novac.)
 When he had finished his homework, he went to play. (Kada je završio domaći, izašao je da se
igra.)
 Because he’d spent so much, he had very little money. (Pošto je bio potrošio toliko, imao je vrlo
malo novca.)

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE – DAVNO PROŠLO TRAJNO VREME

Past Perfect Continuous Tense - Davno prošlo trajno vreme
Past Perfect Continuous Tense (davno prošlo trajno vreme) se gradi od glagola “to be” u Past
Perfect Tense-u i Present Participle-a (sadašnjeg participa) glavnog glagola.
Potvrdni oblik
Jednina (singular)
 I had (I’d) been working. (Ja sam bio radio.)
 You had (you’d) been working. (Ti si bio radio.)
 He had (He’d) been working. (On je bio radio.)
 She had (She’d) been working. (Ona je bila radila.)
 It had (It’d) been working. (Ono je bilo radilo.)
Množina (plural)
 We had (we’d) been working. (Mi smo bili radili.)
 You had (you’d) been working. (Vi ste bili radili.)
 They had (they’d) been working. (Oni su bili radili.)
Odrični oblik
Odrični oblik se gradi od odričnog oblika “have” u Past Perfect Tense-u i Present Participle-a
glavnog glagola.
Jednina (singular)
 I had not (hadn’t ) been working. (Ja nisam bio radio.)
 You had not (hadn’t) been working. (Ti nisi bio radio.)
 He had not (hadn’t) been working. (On nije bio radio.)
 She had not (hadn’t) been working. (Ona nije bila radila.)
 It had not (hadn’t) been working. (Ono nije bilo radilo.)
Množina (plural)
 We had not (hadn’t) been working. (Mi nismo bili radili.)
 You had not (hadn’t) been working. (Vi niste bili radili.)
 They had not hadn’t) been working. (Oni nisu bili radili.)
Upitni oblik
Upitni oblik glagola u Past Perfect Continuous Tense-u (davnom prošlom trajnom vremenu) se
gradi upitnim oblikom glagola “to have” (u Past Perfect Simple vremenu).
Yes/No pitanja:
Jednina (singular)
 Had I been working? (Da li sam ja bio radio?)
 Had you been working? (Da li si ti bio radio?)
 Had he been working? (Da li je on bio radio?)
 Had she been working? (Da li je ona bila radila?)
 Had it been working? (Da li je ono bilo radilo?)
Množina (plural)
 Had we been working? (Da li smo mi bili radili?)
 Had you been working? (Da li ste vi bili radili?)
 Had they been working? (Da li su oni bili radili?)
Na Yes/No pitanja se odgovara kratkim odgovorima (Short answers) na sledeći način:

Jednina (singular)
 Had I been working? – Yes, I had. / No, I hadn’t.
 Had you been working? – Yes, you had. / No, you hadn’t.
 Had he been working? – Yes, he had. / No, he hadn’t.
 Had she been working? – Yes, she had. / No, she hadn’t.
 Had it been working? – Yes, it had. / No, it hadn’t.
Množina (plural)
 Had we been working? – Yes, we had. / No, we hadn’t.
 Had you been working? – Yes you had. / No, you hadn’t.
 Had they been working? – Yes, they had. / No, they hadn’t.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense – Upotreba
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense se upotrebljava za radnju koja je trajala do nekog trenutka
u prošlosti. Tako se ne naglašava da je radnja završena nego se potencira njeno trajanje. Često
se uz ovo vreme koriste for i since:
 When we came Sally had been waiting for half an hour. (Kad smo mi stigli, Seli je čekala već
pola sata.)
 When I called on him he had been reading for a while. (Kada sam ga posetio, on je čitao već
neko vreme.)

FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE – PROSTO BUDUĆE VREME

Future Simple Tense - Prosto buduće vreme
Future Simple Tense (Prosto buduće vreme) se gradi od modalnog glagola “will” i osnovnog
oblika glagola (infinitiv bez “to”).
Potvrdni oblik
Jednina (singular)
 I will (I’ll) work. (Ja ću raditi.)
 You will (You’ll) work. (Ti ćeš raditi.)
 He/She/It will (He’ll/She’ll/It’ll) work. (On/Ona/Ono će raditi.)
Množina (plural)
 We will (We’ll) work. (Mi ćemo raditi.)
 You will (You’ll) work. (Vi ćete raditi.)
 They will (They’ll) work. (Oni će raditi.)
Upitni oblik
Upitni oblik glagola u Future Simple Tense-u se gradi inverzijom (u odnosu na potvrdni
oblik) modalnog glagola “will” i lične zamenice.
Yes/No pitanja:
Jednina (singular)
 Will I work? (Da li ću ja raditi?)
 Will you work? (Da li ćeš ti raditi?)
 Will he/she/it work? (Da li će on/ona/ono raditi?)
Množina (plural)
 Will we work? (Da li ćemo mi raditi?)
 Will you work? (Da li ćete vi raditi?)
 Will they work? (Da li će oni raditi?)
Odrični oblik
Jednina (singular)
 I will not (won’t) work. (Ja neću raditi.)
 You will not (won’t) work. (Ti nećeš raditi.)
 He/She/It will not (won’t) work. (On/Ona/Ono neće raditi.)
Množina (plural)
 We will not (won’t) work. (Mi nećemo raditi.)
 You will not (won’t) work. (Vi nećete raditi.)
 They will not (won’t) work. (Oni neće raditi.)
Future Simple Tense – Upotreba
Future Simple Tense koristi se:
Da bismo govorili o radnjama koje predviđamo da će se desiti u budućnosti (future predictions):

 She will travel to Jamaica next year. (Ona će putovati na Jamajku sledeće godine.)
 Will it rain tomorrow? (Hoće li padati kiša sutra?)
Za odluke donete u trenutku govora:

 A: We ran out of sugar. (Nestalo nam je šećera.)

 B: I will go and buy some. (Otići ću i kupiću ga.)

GOING TO

GOING TO se koristi za nešto za šta se zna da će se desiti u budućnosti. To je uglavnom nešto

što se planira, želi ili je očigledno.
Nije odluka doneta u trenutku kao što je slučaj sa will oblikom, već nešto o čemu smo malo duže
razmišljali.
Zato je i sam oblik duži, pa koristimo AM/IS/ARE + GOING TO + INFINITIVE

Plan/Želja/Namera

Nešto što planiramo, nameravamo, želimo i doneli smo odluku da će to biti u nekom
trenutku u budućnosti:

I am going to go to Vegas next week.

Bob is going to start a public speaking course.

Znaci/Dokazi

Nešto ukazuje i pokazuje da će se nešto desiti:

He is really drunk. He is going to take a cab to his home.

Look! They are going to wash the car. (Izrečeno u trenutku kada radnici perionice pale mašinu
za pranje kola)

Ana has been working for this company for 2 years. She is going to get a promotion.

Ako vas neko pita : „Šta radiš danas?“. Vi imate plan i kažete:
„I am going to watch a movie at 3pm“

Future Continuous
Future Continuous je vreme u engleskom jeziku koje se koristi za radnju koja
će se dešavati u budućnosti.
Kako se gradi Future Continuous?
potvrdan oblik: Subjekat + will + be + infinitiv + -ing
He will be starting a new job.
upitan oblik: Will + Subjekat + be + infinitiv + -ing
Will he be starting a new job?
odričan oblik: Subjekat + will + not + be + infinitiv + -ing
He will not be starting a new job.

Kada se upotrebljava Future Continuous?

- Za radnju koja će duže trajati u budućnosti i biće prekinuta nekom drugom
radnjom.

I will be watching TV when they arrive tonight.

- Za radnju koja će trajati u budućnosti.

Tomorrow morning we will be painting our house.

Future Perfect Tense

1. Future perfect tense je glagolsko vreme koje koristimo da bismo izrazili

buduću radnju koja će se dogoditi pre neke druge buduće radnje.
When you arrive, the train will have left.

2. Ovo glagolsko vreme takođe koristimo u engleskom jeziku kada želimo izraziti
radnju koja će se dogoditi i završiti do određenog vremena u budućnosti.
You will have left by next week.
Future perfect tense gradimo:
Subjekat + will + have + glavni glagol u past participlu.

You will have graduated by the time you turn 18.

They will have been married for two years.
Odrični oblik vremena future perfect tense gradimo tako što između pomoćnih
glagola will i have samo dodamo reč „not“.
I will not have completed the project before the deadline.

Upitni oblik u future perfect tensu gradimo tako što na prvo mesto u rečenici
prebacimo pomoćni glagol "will", sledi subjekat, pa "have", a zatim glavni glagol, te
ostatak rečenice.
Kako se gradi pasiv u engleskom
jeziku?
Pasiv se gradi od glagola to be (u vremenu u kom je glavni glagol u
aktivnoj rečenici) i participa prošlog (past participle) glavnog glagola.
Subjekat aktivne rečenice postaje agens (vršilac radnje) u pasivnoj, i
često se izostavlja. Ukoliko se ne izostavlja, uvodi se predlogom by, i
najčešće se nalazi na kraju pasivne rečenice.
aktiv: My grandfather planted this tree.
pasiv: This tree was planted by my grandfather.

aktiv pasiv

He delivers the The letters are

Present Simple
letters. delivered.
He is delivering the The letters are
Present Continuous
letters. being delivered.
He has
The letters have
Present Perfect delivered the
been delivered.
letters.
He delivered the The letters were
Past Simple
letters. delivered.
He was
The letters were
Past Continuous delivering the
being delivered.
letters.
He had
The letters had been
Past Perfect delivered the
delivered.
letters.
He will deliver the The letters will be
Future Simple
letters. delivered.
He is going to The letters are
BE GOING TO
deliver the letters. going to be delivered.
He can deliver the The letters can be
Modals
letters. delivered.
Infinitive He has to The letters have to
 deliver the letters. be delivered.

Kada se pasiv upotrebljava?

Pasiv se upotrebljava:

1. kada je vršilac radnje nepoznat, nevažan ili očigledan iz

konteksta:
Jane was shot. (Ne zna se ko ju je upucao.)
This church was built in 1815. (Vršilac radnje nije bitan.)
He has been arrested. (Vršilac radnje je očigledan.)
2. u cilju ljubaznijeg ili formalnijeg izražavanja:
The car hasn’t been cleaned. (ljubaznije)
(You haven’t cleaned the car. – manje ljubazno)
3. kada je radnja bitnija nego vršilac radnje, npr., u slučaju
procesa, uputstava, događaja, izveštaja, naslova, novinskih
članaka, i reklama:
30 people were killed in the earthquake.
4. kada se stavlja akcenat na vršioca radnje:
The new library will be opened by the Queen.

Vršilac radnje
Kada želimo da kažemo ko je vršilac radnje, koristimo predlog by i
ime (by Peter), imenicu (by the teacher) ili zamenicu u objekatskom
obliku (by him) na kraju rečenice. Vršilac radnje se spominje samo
ukoliko je bitan za dati kontekst:
Our house was designed by a famous architect.
Vršilac radnje se izostavlja:

1. ukoliko je nepoznat
Our car was stolen last night. (Ne znamo ko ga je ukrao.)
2. ukoliko nas ne zanima ko je vršilac radnje ili isti nije bitan
He has been taken to hospital. (Ono što je bitno jeste sam događaj.)
3. ukoliko se može zaključiti iz konteksta ko je vršilac radnje
The murderer was arrested last night. (Nije potrebno napomenuti da je
uhapšen od strane policije.)
4. ukoliko je subjekat aktivne rečenice somebody, people, they, you,
itd.
Someone broke the window. → The window was broken.
Iz aktiva u pasiv

Promena rečenice iz aktiva u pasiv:

 objekat aktivne rečenice postaje subjekat pasivne
Agatha Christie wrote this book. → This book was written by Agatha
Christie.
 glagol prelazi iz aktivnog oblika u pasivni, dok glagolsko vreme
ostaje nepromenjeno
 subjekat aktivne rečenice postaje agens (vršilac radnje) u pasivnoj.
Stavljamo ga na kraj rečenice, uz predlog by.

By ili with?
Predlog by upotrebljavamo uz vršioca radnje:
The door was opened by Mr Black. (Mr Black = vršilac radnje)
Predlog with upotrebljavamo uz instrument, predmet ili materijal koji
se koristi u okviru određene radnje:
The door was opened with a key. (a key = predmet koji je upotrebljen)
The omelette was made with eggs, cheese and peppers. (eggs, cheese
and peppers = materijal koji je upotrebljen)

Glagoli sa dva objekta

Ukoliko glagol koji se javlja u rečenici ima dva objekta (npr., give
somebody something), aktivnu rečenicu možemo promeniti u pasivnu
na jedan od sledeća dva načina:
 nepravi (indirektni) objekat postaje subjekat pasivne rečenice
 pravi (direktni) objekat postaje subjekat pasivne rečenice
Rick gave me (nepravi objekat) this book (pravi objekat).
1. I was given this book by Rick.
2. This book was given to me by Rick.
Neki od glagola koji imaju dva objekta: give, tell, send, show, bring,
write, offer, pay, itd.
Ukoliko se nepravi objekat nalazi posle glagola u pasivnoj rečenici,
ispred tog objekta stoji predlog to.
The e-mail was sent to Richard.
Ukoliko je nepravi objekat aktivne rečenice lična zamenica u
objekatskom obliku, prilikom transformacije aktivne rečenice u pasivnu
ova zamenicu prelazi u svoj subjektaski oblik.
John gave her the flowers. → She was given the flowers.