NEW FUNCTIONS FROM OLD

(i) By Arithmetic Operations on Functions

( f + g ) (x) = f (x) + g (x) Dom ( f + g) = Dom f ∩ Dom g

( f − g ) (x) = f (x) −g (x) Dom ( f − g) = Dom f ∩ Dom g

( f . g ) (x) = f (x) . g (x) Dom ( f . g) = Dom f ∩ Dom g

( f / g ) (x) = f (x) / g (x) Dom (f / g) = Dom f ∩ Dom g and g(x) ≠ 0

(ii) By Composition of Functions

Example:
Example:

Example:

.
(iii) TRANSLATIONS ( Vertical and Horizontal Shifts )
(iv) REFLECTIONS
(v) STRETCHES AND COMPRESSIONS

(a)

(b)
Inverse Functions:
The idea of solving an equation y = f (x) for x as a function of y,

that is x = g (y)

is one of the most important ideas in mathematics. Sometimes, solving an equation

is a simple process; for example, using basic algebra the equation
Example:
Functions Used in Economics
There are several functions associated with the marketing of a particular
commodity :
 The demand function D(x) for the commodity is the price p = D(x)
that must be charged for each unit of the commodity if x units are to
be sold (demanded).
 The supply function S(x) for the commodity is the unit price p =S(x)
at which producers are willing to supply x units to the market.
 The revenue R(x) obtained from selling x units of the commodity is
given by the product
R(x) = (number of items sold)(price per item) = x p(x)
 The cost function C(x) is the cost of producing x units of the
commodity.
 The profit function P(x) is the profit obtained from selling x units of
the commodity and is given by the difference
P(x) = revenue − cost
= R(x) − C(x)
= x p(x) − C(x)
Generally speaking, the higher the unit price, the fewer the number of units
demanded, and vice versa. Conversely, an increase in unit price leads to an
increase in the number of units supplied.
Thus, demand functions are typically decreasing (“falling” from left to right),
while supply functions are increasing (“rising”), as illustrated in the margin.
Here is an example that uses several of these special economic functions.
Example:
Example: