Ch-1 Business: organizations engaged in making a product or providing government and the company must conform to the regulations
gulations it has public affairs function?process of gathering, analyzing, and managing
a service for profit. Society: Human beings and the social structures
they collectively create. GST-Organisms do not exist in isolation but can
only be understood in relationship to their surroundings.SHT-maximize
its long-term market value and money for its shareholder.STT:need to
consider all the stakeholders,to stakeholder needs. Descriptive-realistic
description of how companies really work,Normative-Stakeholder
management is the right thing to do Instrumental stakeholde
consideration key for effective corporate strategy. Stakeholders are
person or groups that affect, or are affected by, a firm’s decisions,
policies, and operations. Market stakes They engage in economic
transactions with the company as it carries out its primary purpose of
providing society with goods and services. Nonmarket stakeholders
People or groups who—although they do not engage in direct economic
exchange with the firm—are affected by or can affect its actions.
Internal stakeholders work inside the firm and contribute their effort
and skill to everyday operations. External stakeholders may have
important transactions with the firm, but are not on its payroll.
Stakeholder analysis includes the identification of relevant stakeholders
and an analysis of their interests and power.The organization from
whose perspective the analysis is conducted is focal .Who are the
relevant stakeholders?Management creates a map of relevant
stakeholders and how they connect with one another and the company
What are the interests of each stakeholder?The nature of each group's
stake within the company, like what they want from their relationship
with the firm. What is the power of each stakeholder?This is the ability
to use resources to make an event happen or to secure a desired
outcome. How are coalitions likely to form? When stakeholders share a
common interest, they form temporary partnerships to pursue their
common interests. Voting Power The legal right to cast a shareholder
vote. Economic PowerThe ability to grant or withhold transactions with
the focal company.Political Power Actions taken through legislation,
regulations, or lawsuits.Legal Power Lawsuits filed against the focal
company for harm caused by the firm. Informational PowerHaving
access to valuable data, facts, or details.Stakeholder map – a visual
representation of the relationships among stakeholder interests, power,
and coalitions with respect to a particular issue. This is useful because it
enables managers to see quickly how stakeholders feel about an issue
and whether salient stakeholders tend to be in favor or opposed.Salient
– stands out from a background, is seen as important, or draws
attention. Boundary-spanning departments : departments or offices
within an organization that reach across the dividing line that separates
the company from groups and people in society. Customers: Custoer
relation, Community:community relation and corporate citizenship,
NGOs, suppiers: corporate relationship, corp citizenship, corpo
responsib,external affairs General public: public realtion, media
relation, corporate communication, enviroment: enviroment health and
safety, sustainabaility, employee:human resources, labor relations,
government :publicaffairs, govert affais, govert relations,
shareholders:sahreholders realtions, investors relations.Urgency:time-
sensitivity of stakeholders claim, that is, the extent to which it demands
immediate action.Six dynamic forces powerfully shape the business and
society relationship:There are 6 major external forces. Changing
societal expectations; it has to do with how society's expectations for
businesses to produce higher quality goods and services are always
changing.People increasingly expect business to be more responsible,
believing companies should pay close attention to social issues and act
as good citizens in society. growing emphasis on ethical reasoning and
actions, businesses need to be ethical and managers need to apply
good values to their companies. Guidelines about what is right and
wrong, fair and unfair and morally correct when they make business
decision. Globalization, our world is being connected in more ways
internationally and our goods and services can be transferred overseas
easier now.to integrate their financial, social, and environmental
performance. Evolving government regulations and business
response, the government is always creating new policies constraining
businesses in different ways.business has developed various strategies
to influence elected officials and government regulators at
federal,state, and local levels. Dynamic natural environment, this has
to do with how businesses operate with the environment using its
limited resources and not ruining it. the explosion of new technology
and innovation, there is constantly new technology that allow us to be
more efficient and produce more at lower prices.pose challenge for
business and sometimes government as the seek to manage various
privacy, security, and intellectual property issues embedded in dynamic
force1.Some examples of general systems theory being applied to a
business would be government regulations. Businesses constantly are
conforming to new regulations made by the government while adapting
to old changing regulations that may allow them to expand. Businesses
interact constantly with the community they are in. They always have
feedback and criticism from the community whether it be in the public
or on the internet via social media.2. core arguments An example of
descr is corporation managers must pay attention to the stock price and
financial performance of the company and try to raise the value of the
stock and attract more investors..example of inst would be when the
management of a corporation builds a strong relationship with the
stakeholders and pay attention to their concerns. By doing this the
management would keep the investors happy and loyal investors.
norma argument says to treat all employees as stakeholders and act in
their best interest because they all contribute to the company.
Examples of this would be hearing out employee concerns along with
the actual stakeholders in order to keep a good relationship with
everyone and help the company grow3.A company can have similar
relationships between market and nonmarket stakeholder
relationships. It could be similar in a way that it must hear out and
conform to their needs. A nonmarket stakeholder could be the
created for them in order to stay in business. A market stakeholder such
as an employee could request more benefits and if the company
chooses not to hear them out the employees could leave putting the
company out of business.4.A manager should be a stakeholder in the
company to make sure they act in a way that is best for the company. If
the manager has no stake in a company they could end up doing what's
best for them financially instead of the company. On the other hand if
they have a large stake in the company then a majority of their pay
would be based on how the business performs making them do what's
best for the company always.CH2 Public Issue: Any issue that is of
mutual concern to an organization and one or more of its
stakeholders..Stakeholder Expectations: A mixture of people’s
opinions, attitudes, and beliefs about what constitutes reasonable
business behavior. Environmental Analysis: A method managers use to
gather information about external issues and trends to develop an
organizational strategy that minimizes threats and takes advantage of
new opportunities. Environmental Intelligence: the acquisition of
information gained from analyzing the multiple environments affecting
organizations. Radar is an instrument that uses microwave radiation to
detect and locate distant objects, which are often displayed on a screen.
Competitor environment includes information on the number and
strength of the organization’s competitors, whether they are potential
or actual allies, patterns of aggressive growth versus static maintenance
of market share, and the potential for customers to become
competitors if they “insource” products
orservicespreviouslypurchasedfromtheorganization.Economicenvironm
ent includes information about costs, prices, international trade,
andany other features of the economic environment.Technological
environment includes the development of new technologies and their
applications affecting the organization, its customers, and other
stakeholder groups. Social environment includes cultural patterns,
values, beliefs, trends, and conflictsamong the people in the societies
where the organization conducts business or might conduct business.
Political environment includes the structure, processes, and actions of
all levels of government—local, state, national, and international. Legal
environment includes patents, copyrights, trademarks, and
considerations of intellectual property, as well as antitrust
considerations and trade protectionism and organizational liability
issues. Geophysical environment relates to awareness of the physical
surroundings of the organization’s facilities and operations, whether it is
the organization’s headquarters or its field offices and distribution
centers, and the organization’s dependency and impact on natural
resources such as minerals, water, land, or air. Compet AnaThe
systematic and continuous process of gathering, analyzing, and
managing external information about the organization’s competitors
that can affect the organization’s plans, decisions,and
operations.Stakeholder materiality is an adaptation of an accounting
term that focuses on the importance or significance of something.It
collects, analyze and place the information on a matrix that shows the
importance of the issue for the stakeholder and the importance of the
issue assigned by the company which allows the company to prioritize
their attention on issues that are important to stakeholders and the
company. An example Nestlé: It enabled nestle to place a higher, or
lower, priority on many public issues by assessing the degree of
stakeholder importance for an issue, as well as the potential impact of
the issue.The Issue Management Process1 Identify IssueAnticipating
emerging concerns, or “horizon” issues.Analyze IssueOrganizations
must understand how the issue is likely to evolve, and how it is likely to
affect them. Generate OptionsRequires complex judgments that
incorporate ethical considerations like the company’s reputation.Take
ActionOnce an option is chosen, the organization must design and
implement a plan of action. Evaluate ResultsMust assess results of the
program and make adjustments if necessary.Effective global leadership
on public issues requires three basic capabilities: Understanding of the
changing business contetxt, ability to lead in the face of complexitiy,
connectedeness,the ability to engage with external stakeholders in
dialogue and partnership. Stages in the Business: Inactive – Companies
ignore stakeholder concerns.Reactive – Companies act only when
forced to do so, and then in a defensive manner.Proactive – Companies
try to anticipate stakeholder concerns.Interactive –Companies actively
engage stakeholders in an ongoing relationship of mutual respectt
openness, and trust.Drivers of Stakeholder Engagement: An urgent and
important goal,The motivation to participate,The organizational
capacity to engage with one another. The Role of Social Media
inStakeholder Engagement: Address public issues and engage
stakeholders,Identify and solve problems faster,Share information
better among their employees and partners,Bring customers’ ideas for
new product designs to market earlier,Platforms to engage with
multiple stakeholders, communication has become faster and more
effective. Stakeholder Dialogue: Business and its Stakeholders come to
face-to-face conversations,Core interest and concerns, common
definition of a problem, Understandings and concerns ofall
parties,Invent innovative solutions and implement them.Corporations
sometimes encounter public issues that they can address effectively
only by working collaboratively with other businesses and concerned
persons andorganizationsinstakeholdernetworks.TheBenefits of
Engagement:Alert companies to emerging issues,Give a firm access to
information via networking,Technical or scientific expertise in specific
areas,Better result in the eyes of the public,Meet the society’s
expectations and generate good solutions,Improve a company’s
reputation. What is a public issue and how do they impact modern
firms? They impact modern firms because they are typically a broad
issue that impact many companies and groups.-They are likely to cause
controversy because people have different opinions about what should
be done.What is competitive intelligence? Why is it important to the
1
external info about the organizations competitors that can affect the
organizations plans, decisions, and operations.- It enables managers in
companies to make well informed decisions that can help them make
business strategies that may allow them to become the leader in the
industry. They must be cautious and use ethics and laws while obtaining
information.Engaging interactively with stakeholder's carries a number
of potential benefits. Stakeholder often become aware of shifts in
public opinions and public issues before many companies do. When
they have an interactive relationship with stakeholders and engage in
conversation with them, they can become aware of these issues and
address them before they become a concern to a company.
Stakeholders usually operate in networkswhich may allow a company to
have access to information that the network has. Lastly, when a
stakeholder agrees to work with a company to implement a mutually
agreed upon solutionthe public will see the solution as having greater
legitimacy. Ch3 Corporate Power: Capability of corporations to
influence government, the economy, and society, based on their
organizational resources. Positve:more resources, lower cost
production, new products, technology. Negative: disproportionate
political sysytem, dominant public course, divide marekts, squash
competition. Iron law of responsibility :in the long run, those who do
not use power in ways that society considers responsible will tend to
lose it. CSR:Act in a way that enhances society and its inhabitants and
be held accountable.Corporate Citizenship: the actions they take to put
their commitments to corporate social responsibility into practice.
Companies demonstrate their corporate citizenship by:Proactively
building stakeholder partnerships,Discovering business opportunities in
serving society,Transforming a concern for financial performance into a
vision of integrated financial and social performance.Origin of
CSR:appeared around the start of the 20th century,corporation under
attack for being too powerful, and guilty of antisocial and
anticompetitive practices. Phases of CSR Corporate Social
Stewardship:Corporate philanthropy—acts of charity Managers as
public-Trustee-stewards-Balancing social pressures,Corporate Social
Responsiveness- Social impact analysis- Strategic priority for social
response-Organizational redesign and training for responsiveness-
Stakeholder mapping and implementation,Corporate/Business
Ethics:Foster an ethical corporate culture-Establish an ethical
organizational climate- recognize common ethical principals,
Corporate/Global Citizenship:Stakeholder partnerships-Integrate
financial, social, and environmental performance-Identify globalization
impacts-Sustainability of company and environment.responsibilities:
economic, social, legal.Benefits- they get along better with government
regulators, are more open to the needs of the company’s stakeholders,
often cooperate with legislators as new laws are developed to cope
with social problems. Economic and social goals come together in
companies that practice enlightened self-interest.The company’s self-
interest in the long term :True value to its customers.,Help for its
employees to grow and behave responsibility. Example:Avon has raised
and donated nearly 700$m to breast cancer programs, gave more than
17.7m$ since 2001 to victims of natural disators, company reported that
reveneue were up to 4 percent at year-end 2011 along with other
strong financial performance measures while maitaining its annual
dividend for its investors.In Support forCSR:Balances corporate power
with responsibility,Discourages government regulation,Promotes long-
term profits for business,Improves stakeholder relationships,Enhances
business reputation.Concerns about csr:Lowers economic efficiency and
profit,Imposes unequal costs among competitors.,Imposes hidden costs
passed on to stakeholders,Requires skills business may lack,Places
responsibility on business rather than individuals.Reputation : desirable
or undesirable qualities associated with an organization or its actors
that may influence the organization’s relationships with its
stakeholders.The Reputation Index measures a company’s social
reputation: It evaluates critical intangible assets that constitute
corporate reputation-Rating Research, a British firm, distributes the
index and ratings to interested parties.Social entrepreneurs are driven
by a core mission to create and sustain social rather than economic
value.Social entrepreneurship is the process of identifying a social need
and using their entrepreneurial skills to address this need. social
ventures are the organizations founded by social entrepreneurs. B
corporation:Focus on social responsibility and citizenship by blending
their social objectives with financial goals.B Corporation must prove its
socially responsible by meeting the B Lab standards. B Lab is a non-
profit organization that assesses a corporation’s social and
environmental performance standards. Businesses for Social
Responsibility (BSR) survey:The goal of a global citizenship
management system is to integrate corporate responsibility and
citizenship concerns into a company’s values, culture, operations and
decisions at all organizational levels.Citizenship as an opportunity
to:Create value for their organization,Gain a competitive
advantage,Help address some of the world’s biggest challenges.Stages
of corpotar citizenship:elementary stage, citizenship is undeveloped.
Managers are uninterested and uninvolved in social issues. Although
companies at this stage obey the law, they do not move beyond
compliance. Companies tend to be defensive; they react only when
threatened. Communication with stakeholders is one-way: from the
company to the stakeholder.Engaged Stage:companies become aware
of changing public expectations and see the need to maintain their
license to operate. Engaged companies may adopt formal policies, such
as governing labor standards or human rights. They begin to interact
with and listen to stakeholders, although engagement occurs mainly
through established departments. Top managers become involved. a
company at this stage will step up its philanthropic giving or commit to
specific environmental objectives.Thecompany demonstrated
philanthropy, supportive leadership, and interactive stakeholder
relationships, all part of corporate citizenship at the engaged
stage.Innovative stage :organizations may become aware that they lack
the capacity to carry out new commitments, prompting a wave of
structural innovation. Departments begin to coordinate, new programs
are launched, and many companies begin reporting their efforts to
stakeholders.External groups become more influential. Companies
begin to understand more fully the business reasons for engaging in
citizenship. Integrated Stage:companies see the need to build initiatives
that are more coherent.Integrated companies may adopt
sustainability/triple bottom line measures, turn to external audits, and
enter into ongoing partnerships with stakeholders.Transforming Stage.:
at this stage have visionary leaders and are motivated by a higher sense
of corporate purpose. They partner extensively with other organizations
and individuals across business, industry, and national borders to
address broad social problems and reach undeserved markets.Social
audit: a systematic evaluation of an organization’s social, ethical, and
environmental performance. Benefits:Help businesses know what is
happening within their firm,Understand what stakeholders think about
and want from the business,Tell stakeholders what the business has
achieved,Strengthen the loyalty and commitment of
stakeholders,Enhance the organization’s decision making,Improve the
business’s overall performance.social Audit Standards:1.Companies can
develop standards designed to set expectations of performance for
themselves or their suppliers or partners. Example: Apple .2. Companies
within an industry can agree on a common industry-wide standard.
Example: Responsible Business Alliance (RBA).3.Can be developed by
global nongovernmental organizations or standard-setting
organizations. Example: International Organisation for Standards, Social
Accountability 8000, AccountAbility (AA), United Nations Global
Compact, The Global Reporting Initiative and others.Social Reporting:
When a company decides to publicize information collected in a social
audit. Transparency: When companies clearly and openly report their
performance—financial, social, and environmental.An emerging trend
in corporate reporting is the integration of legally required financial
information with social and environmental information into a single
integrated report. Ch4Globalization: the increasing movement of
goods, services, and capital across national borders.ongoing series of
interrelated event International trade and financial flows integrate the
world economy, leading to the spread of technology, culture, and
politics,Globalization is not simply a trend or a fad but, rather, an
international system.Entering and Competing in the Global
Marketplace:1Develop global market channels:First build a successful
business in their home country, then export products or services to
buyers in other countries. Ex: Nestlé, PayPal.2Establish global
operations:Locate manufacturing plants or service operations in other
countries as a way to cut costs. Ex: BMW.3Develop global supply
chains: Purchase raw materials, components, or other supplies from
sellers in other countries; work may also be subcontracted. Ex:Nike,
Gap. SELL,MAKE,SOURCE. Multinational enterprise (MNE) is a firm with
significant foreign assets or revenues, or that has subsidiaries outside its
home country.FDI-occurs when a company, individual, or fund invests
money in another country, for example, by buying shares of stock in or
loaning money to a foreign firm.Inversion:A strategy of acquiring or
merging with a foreign firm in order to reduce corporate tax obligations
at home.EX:Burger king.Companies avoid taxes in their home
countries:by merging with companies located in other countries and
shifting their headquarters there.three institutions that set the rules:
1The World Bank-Established in 1944,Provides economic development
loans to its member nations,Funds used mainly for roads, dams, power
plants, and other infrastructure projects, as well as for education,
health and social services,Funding provided by member countries and
international capital markets.2International monetary Fund:to stabilize
the system of currency exchange rates and international payments to
enable member countries to participate in global trade,Lends foreign
exchange to member countries.These conditions often lead to
hardship:Demands that governments cut spending,Devalue their
currencies,Increase exports,Liberalize financial markets and reduce
wages.3.World Trade Organization:Founded in 1995, successor to
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT),International body that
establishes the ground rules for trade among nations,Its major objective
is to promote free trade; attempts to eliminate barriers to trade (e.g.
quotas, duties and tariffs),Conducts “rounds” of negotiations on various
topics,“Most favored nation” rule means members countries cannot
discriminate against foreign products for any reason. tariff is a tax on an
imported (or sometimes exported) product, often imposed by
governments to protect their own industries from foreign
competition.comparative advantage:productivity rises more quickly
when countries produce goods and services for which they have a
natural talent. . Benefits of Globalization:Increases economic
productivity, reduces price for consumers,Gives developing countries
access to foreign investment funds to support economic
development,Transfers technology,Spreads democracy and freedom,
and reduces military conflict. Costs:Causes job insecurity,Weakens
environmental and labor standards,Prevents individual nations from
adopting policies promoting environmental or social objectives if these
discriminate against products from another country, Erodes regional
and national cultures and undermines cultural, linguistic, and religious
diversity,Is compatible with despotism. Democracy refers broadly to the
presence of political freedom(declined in 21 st century, 25%of countries
are not free, 30% are partly free).Four defining features of
democracy:Fair elections in which citizens may freely choose their
leaders from among candidates representing more than one political
party,An independent media, in which journalists and citizens may
express their political views without fear of censorship or
punishment,Separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and
judicial branches of government,An open society where citizens have
the right to form their own independent organizations to pursue social, strategies such as issuing new shares or seeking government
religious, and cultural goals.Free enterprise systems:Based on the subsidies.Advancing Green and Renewable Energy Goal:Increasing
principle of voluntary association and exchange,Members of society electricity prices can speed up Taiwan's transition towards green and
satisfy most of their economic needs through voluntary market renewable energy.Moderate Inflation LevelsDrive Consumption:Higher
transactions.Central state control:Economic power is concentrated in electricity prices may lead to temporary inflationary pressures, but
the hands of government officials and political authorities,The central moderate inflation is necessary for economic growth.9homegrownsoalr
government owns the property that is used to produce goods and industry: china: Cost Advantage & Control of Supply Chain,Leading
services.Index of Economic Freedom: the fundamental rights of every Manufacturer of Clean Technology,Rapid Growth & Investment.USA
human being to control his or her own labor and property.Inequality challenge:starting its solar manufacturing by scratch with massive
measured in two way. Wealth:to assets that a person accumulates and subsidies. Due to the high energy consumption involved in the casting
he or she owns at a point in time. Income : how much a person earns in process, China has built many factories in regions with cheap electricity
a day or a year. Bottom of the pyramid : to individuals earning below from coal or hydroelectric power plants.Many Chinese battery
$3000 a year in local purchasing power.(Base of the pyramid, middle manufacturers also produce wafers or panels. China installed 217
class, high wealth, top of the pyramid)Focusing on the bottom of the gigawatts worth of solar power last year. Shipping Firm
pyramid can foster:Social development, Provide employment in Journal:Sustaiable shipping mgmt is analyzed via the relationship
undeserved communities, Reap profits.Microfinance: This occurs when between CSR activities(Environmental and social) and financial
financial organizations provide loans to low-income clients or solidarity performaces. Shipping firms: Container shipping and Drybulk and
lending groups (a community of borrowers) who traditionally lack tanker. AES(American, Europe and south africa), EAP(East Asia pacific)
access to banking or related services. Eg:Grameen Bank in panel .Variables:ROA(assets utilization efficiency),ROE(current financial
Bangladesh.Indonesia, a midsized bank called BTPN. GAN(global action performance,T0BQ(expected financial performance), CSR(en &So),
netwotk)merging trend for development of collaborative, multi-sector leverage, firm size and age . Sample size: 16 shipping firms ( 11
partnerships focused on particular social issues or problems in the container firms and five bulk and tanker firms) are selected with 128
global economy. 3sectors: business, government , civil firm-year observations. H1:CSR activities have significant positive
society(comprises nonprofit, educational, religious, community, family, influence on assets utilization efficiency. H2:CSR activities have
and interest-group organizations; that is, social organizations that do significant positive influence on current financial performances. H3:CSR
not have a commercial or governmental purpose). News Shein : Chris activities have significant influence on expected financial performance.
Xu,De mnimis is a minimum value of goods below which is no import (CSR, EN,SO, ROE, ROA, assets utilization). CSR activities have a
taxes(800$) or duties will be collected. 3m packages positive influence on financial performance via ROA and ROE. To
everyday.Effects:environment: Increased carbon emissions due to increase assest utilization efficiency and financial performance CTship
transportation of goods, potential increase in waste generation from (+ from EN and SO )(-Leverage and firm age,+firm size on financial
packaging materials, impact on natural resources due to increased performance) DBTKship(+from EN,+SO for expected financial
consumption and production.Social: Potential exploitation of labor in performance TOBQ).(+Leverage -firm age). CS firms improves assets
low-wage countries where goods are produced. Displacement of local utilization and current financial performance via active CSR engagement
workers as industries may struggle to compete with cheaper in all categories at younger age. DBTK firms improves assets utilization
imports,impact on communities reliant on local industries for and current financial performance via environmental activi and
employment and economic stability.Governance: Enforcement of laws expected financial performances. AES panel:(+environ, -SO on current
and regulation related to fair trade practices and labor standards. financial performance and expected FP,+firm size, -firm age) EAP panel:
Governance structures related to customers enforcement and border (+environ,+SO on current financial performance,+firm size, - leverage,-
control,policy decision regarding the regulationof import practices and firm age). Asian shipping in industry focuses on green innovation for
trade agreement.Ship Shrinking : Uk-owned cargo sship M/V rubymar environmental performance while European shipping industry shows
in red sea. Attack by yemen’s houthi rebels. Effect: Envir:marine life and significant input in ethical operations represented by high school
coral reefs, algae blooms(loss of oxygen in water) . Social: Shipping performance related to corporate reputation, employee motivation,
industry (increased scrutiny and legal consequences), drinking water and environmental participation. The influence of CSR on the financial
supply in Saudi Arabia, fishing industry .Govt:Environmental disaster performance for investment decision making and portfolio selection,
management(cleanup efforts, resources allocation), security mainly deriving from assets utilization efficiency and ROE for the
concerns(ongoing regional conflicts raise security concerns for maritime shipping industry. NOTE: leverage ratio: total liabilities divided by total
routes).China’s proposes new ESG: more than 400 companies need to assets to identify relationship between CSR and financial performances.
disclose esg report by 2026 under corporate sustainability reporting Increase in leverage has negative influence in firms towards financial
directive. Avoid green washing, attract foreign investors, standardize, performance. Firm size is calculated as the log of market capitalization
contribution in GDP,70%already produced the sustainability to determine the casual relationship with financial performance.It is
report.Importance of stakeholders, institutions investors customers, identify as the number of employees with direct influence on service
positive effect of regulations on the global effort toward sustainability. performance . Firm age indicate the duration of business operation in
4Smart city event :40 nations. it will focus on exchanging knowledge the firms yeas since its establishment.
about smart city development, sustainable development, net zero
emissions, healthcare and education.The International Cooperation and
Development Fund (ICDF) signed an MOU with an Asia-Pacific
agriculture organization to promote agricultural cooperation by sharing
Taiwan achievements in:Smart agriculture and Talent cultivation.Taiwan
providing agricultural technical assistancein vietnam. Helping improve
food production, its envirnment and public health nurition in philipines ,
paraguay(25800$) with orchid industry. Taiwans commitment
tosustainable urban development and the effort to positionthemself
in smart city solutions: Leverage for deeper economicand knowledge
sharing,Align with global priorities aroundclimate change and
sustainablecities (net zero emissions, greenenergy, smart
transportation)partnerships.Expansion and crossborder trading
concernsin business:Geopolitical tensions due to Taiwan’s complex
situation.Adaptation adversities due to the business model
requirements in certain countries to customize tolocal contexts such as
culture, regulations.Limited resources and rules in local
partnerslocations 5 European green deal:Support-Itlay, sweden.oppose:
germany, finland. European legislation aims :Provide same legal
framework to maintain competitivness within the EU,Provide market
barriers for non-compliant non-EU partners.Eu companies 450M$
revenue. Environment and human rights. Snowball effect on internatiol
regulation.6 carbon credit: : 1 carbon credit represents the offsetting of
1 ton of CO2 or other GHG.TCX Net Zero Goal Support: byproviding a
platform forcompanies to trade carboncredits .Taiwan gainsaccess to
new sources of carboncredits to meet its environmentalgoals. Eswatini
cansell carbon credits generated from itsnatural resources to
companies in Taiwan, potentially boosting its green economy.7 green
hotels: need hotel with the green mark, 128 nations hotels obtained.
Avoid single use items conserve energy. Hotels hesitant due to cost of
changing facilities.Mininstry of environment-Ensure that they follow all
the required procedures to secure the certificat.Tourism
Administration:Help hoteliers transition by subsidizing them in changing
facilities,Use the green mark as a tool to evaluate hotel
performance.Ministry of Economic Affairs: Promote Taiwan’s
ecofriendly and green mark hotels among participants of international
conferences and exhibitions.8 electricity price raise :by 11%. 5the
lowest for household rate and 3 rd for industrial. Raise after 20 yr.
Impacts:indsutrial-Increasing in production and operation cost,Reducing
in competitiveness, Influencing in investment
decisions.household:Increasing in cost of living, Changing in consumer
behavior,Energy Conservation.Taipower's Financial Sustainability:To
keep Taipower financially afloat, the company may explore various