PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
The activities in physical education were very important for survival because this was not
affected of what every activity they have. Except for those enforce labor in a lower class which generally
had a sedentary like.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION DURING THE PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
The aborigines of the Philippines, the Negros or Aitas, had a way of life the same or like any
other people's living in a primitive society.
He was always known for his spectacular skill in the use of the bow and arrow.
QThe Negritos living in the mountains of Bataan, Zambales, and Tarlac are founded to befond of
music and dancing.
PRIMITIVE DANCE AND ITS PURPOSE
-Pina pa-ni-lan also performed by a man going through the motion of gathering honey from a
tree.
-They danced for victory in a tribal war which they termed as CAÑAO.
FANDANGGOS, CURACHAS AND JOTAS OF SPAIN
-The major physical activities enjoyed by the people.
-Spanish and European dances were introduced.
The Fandango is a courtship dance and a dance which expresses the passion of the dancers.
Curacha is referred to as a courtship dance where dancers imitate courtship movements of rooster and
a hen in a creative way.
Jota is a courtship dance traditional in northern Spain. The dancing couple hold their arms high and click
castanets as they execute lively, bouncing steps to guitar music and singing.
THE SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITIES
-Schools, colleges and universities were established for formal training of the Filipinos.
However, only favored youths were allowed to obtain higher education. But physical education
was not included in the curriculum.
ATENEO DE MUNICIPAL DE MANILA
A school founded by the Jesuit fathers, where physical education was made a part of thecurriculum,
including the gymnastics mentioned by Jose Rizal in his autobiography.
1863
A royal decree established a normal school for men in the city of manila. Physical education was not
included in the curriculum but there was health inspection conducted in the beginning of class.
1876
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Another royal decree established the superior normal school for women teachers in Manila. PE was
included in their curriculum. Room gymnastics was provided for the appointment of one instructor with
a salary of 400.00 per annum.
1893
The normal school for men established in 1863 was allowed to train teachers for both elementary and
high schools. The school was later changed to superior normal school for men teachers. Gymnastics was
required for their certificate.
The Spanish Regime
The Spanish conquest of the Philippines did not have much effect on the physical activities of the
people.
The people generally had a sedentary living while waiting for the harvest time after
planting.
Cockfighting which continued to be the favorite sport found its way to the other places in the country.
Santa Cruz De Mayo or Santacruzan
Which consisted of praying for nine consecutive days and culminated in procession to the
Hermana mayor's house.
GAMES WERE PLAYED BY THE FILIPINOS DURING THE GRAND CELEBRATION OR AFTER THE
PROCESSION ON THE SANTACRUZAN.
1. PABITIN: enjoyed by the little children. Pabitin is a Filipino physical game in which participants
try to pick up items (often small toys, coins, or candy) from bamboo sticks ("balag") placed high
above their heads.
2. PALO SEBO: enjoyed by the boys. It is a traditional Filipino game. A local variant of the greasy
pole, it is likely derived from the Spanish cucaña.
3. JUEGO DE ANILLO: a game for the young men riding on horseback and holding a long stick on
one hand which was used to get any of the rings suspended in an arch.
4. JUEGO DE PRENDA: a game of forfeit. A game of looking for the missing bird
5. DUPLO: a poetic joust where the prizes were given to the winner.
6. PANGUINGUI: a card games were very popular recreational activities for the older folks with
money at stake.
7. THE CORRIDOS: the first plays staged by the Filipinos translated to the Spanish plays which were
derived from the fantastic tales of chivalry contained the Spanish ballad.
THE MORO-MORO: the most popular and spectacular plays which became the generic name for the
vernacular play. The play was concerned with the war between the Christians and the moors
complicated by the loves of Christian or Moorish prince and Christian princess.
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINESAND RECENT
DEVELOPMENTS
HAPPENED IN THE FOLLOWING DATES:
1. 1901 – Physical exercises was one of the subject introduced in the public schools and regular
program of athletics was developed.
2. 1905- Baseball and track and field were introduced and taught to the young boys in school.
3. 1909 - The athletic program was inaugurated and much emphasis to the playing of western
sports and the coaching of tennis.
4. 1910 - Basketball was first introduced as a game for girls in the carnival meet held in manila but
was later discontinued in 1914 because it was found very strenuous for the girls.
5. 1911 - The athletic book was published which prescribed the simple group games andrules for
the team sports.
6. 1914 - The Teachers vacation assembly in manila gave special training to filipino teachers.
7. 1919 - The syllabus entitled "physical education: a manual for teachers" was published which
was submitted by special committee of superintendents and edited by Frederick o. England.
8. 1920 – Physical education was made a required subject in the curriculum of all public schools
9. 1928-A summer school for coaching was held with the aim of helping the public-school teachers
in change of athletics to improve their coaching method.
THE TRANSITION YEARS TO THE PRESENT
November 15, 1935, marked the beginning of the transition period for the Philippines to prepare
for a truly self- government- the commonwealth period but this was interrupted by the
Japanese occupation during world war ii
In 1937, physical education was made a curricular subject in the secondary school curriculum.
The grading system included as basis to mark were the following: attendance, proficiency in
skills, attitude, daily performance, report and sportsmanship.
The Bureau of Education introduced "mass athletics" or athletics for all students.
1938, a summer school of PE was opened by the bureau of education under the direction of Mr.
Serafin Aquino, at Rizal stadium.
In 1941, the attack of Pearl Harbor started the World War II. which necessitated the closing of
schools.
In June 1942, the Japanese military administration authorized the opening of the public
elementary school to carry out their scheme of co-prosperity sphere. In the school, the radio
Taiso or calisthenics on the air, was made obligatory. The demonstration was held at Luneta
which was participated by thousands of Filipino children.
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In 1947, the training of teachers in vacation school was revived, under the joint of sponsorship
of the department of education and the Philippine Amateur athletic federation.
In August of that same year, the school got its name national college of physical education. It
offered 40 units course of certificate in PE.
Secretary Romulo, Republic act no. 5708 known as "the school’s physical education and sports
development act 1969" was approved by congress on June 21, 1969, this act provided for
promotion and financing of an Integrated physical education and sports development program.
PURSUANT TO THE GUIDING PRINCIPLES CONTAINED IN THE ACT .
1. A program of health and nutrition.
2. Physical fitness.
3. A program of competitive athletics.
4. Intramural and inter-unit athletics competition within schools, district, and provinces
5. Athletic competition within and among regions
THE MODERN OLYMPIC GAMES
The term “Olympiad” means a four-year period.
776 B.C – first establishment of Olympics
394 A.D –abolition of the Olympic Games
1896 – Revival of the Olympics
Olympian Motto:
Citius – run faster
Altius – jump higher
Fortius – Throw more stronger
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SYMBOL OF OLYMPIC GAMES
BLUE CIRCLE represents EUROPE
YELLOW symbolizes ASIA
BLACK represents AFRICA
GREEN stands for AMERICA
RED circle is for AUSTRAL- ASIA
INTERLOCKING the circles symbolizing UNITY
White background = symbolic of peace
The flag started to use in the 1920 Olympic games in Belgium
The five rings represented the five participating continents of the time: Africa, Asia, America,
Europe, and Oceania. The six colors are those that appear on all the national flags of the world
at the present time.
References
Internet
https://www.scribd.com/doc/58084576/Historical-Foundations-of-PE-and-Sport
https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/renaissance
https://www.google.com/search?
q=the+modern+olympic+games&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH853PH853&oq=the+modern+olympic&aq
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