“SOCIO-ANTHROPOLOGICAL

FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

AND SPORTS”
PHYSICAL EDUCATION

- as an integral part of the total education process, is a field of

endeavor that has its aim on the improvement of human
performance through the medium of physical activities that
have been selected with a view to realizing this outcome. It
is a course which utilizes a play or movement exploration
setting for the transmission of physical knowledge and skills to
an individual or a group, the application of these skills, and their
results. It also can refer to any intramural or extracurricular sport or
physical activity students take part of through their school
system.The purpose of physical education involves more than
training the body, or physical system.
The Olympic Movement
The Olympic Games should be the focal point of a
broadly-basedsocial movement, which, through
sports and play, would enhance human
development and international understanding. The
goal of the Olympic Movement is to contribute in
building a peaceful and better world by
educating the youth.
Aims of the Olympic Movement
1.To promote the development of physical and moral
qualities, which are the
bases of sports.

2.To educate young people through sports in a spirit of

better
understanding and
friendship, thereby helping to build a better and more
peaceful world.
3.To spread the Olympic Principle
throughout the world, thereby creating
international goodwill.

4.To bring together the athletes of the world in the

quadrennial sports festival, the Olympic Games.
“The Symbols of the Olympic
Movement”
1.The Olympic rings represent the union of five (5)
continents and the meeting of athletes from all over the
world. The colors of the Olympic rings are blue, yellow,
black, green, and red on a white background. At least one
of these colors is found in every flag of nations.
2.The Olympiccc Flag, which carries the Olympic symbol
(ring), was created by Pierrede Coubertin in 1914. It was
first displayed at the Olympic Congress in 1914 and
hoisted during the 1920 Olympics in Antwerp.
3.The torch carries the “Olympic Torch”, which is
traditionally lit at the site of the ancient Olympic
Games. This symbolizes the start of the Olympic
Games in Greece. The flame will burn for the
duration of the games, depending on the host NOC.

4. The Olympic Medals reflect the excellence and

achievement of the Olympic athletes.
5.The Olympic Motto in Latin language is: Citius, Altius,
Fortius. In English, the motto means "Faster, Higher,
Stronger". It was the idea of Father Henry Didon, a
Dominican teacher and friend of de Coubertin.

6.The Olympic Hymn was adopted by the IOC in 1958. It is

based on a Cantata by Costis Palamas. Its music was
composed by Spirou Samara in 1896.
HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS-PHILIPPINES

The Early Filipinos

The philosophy was to spread catholic faith among the

indigenous peoples of the Americas who had been
colonized by the Spanish. The activities included "Santa
cruz demayo" Native Dances,Bullfighting, Arnis,
Wrestling, Sintak, Siklot, Chongka and piko-piko.
Physical Training

were concerned mainly with self-defense, search for

food and shelter and religious ceremony. Thus, the
boys were trained to be fighters, farmers, hunters,
fishermen/sailors, miners,shipbuilders and smiths.
Girls were taught cooking,sewing/weaving,
stock-raising and other domestic skills.
American Regime
In 1911, an Athletic Handbook was issued by the Bureau
of Education which was revised later in 1913. The material
served as the guide for all forms of play, calisthenics and
athletics in the public school. Physical Education was also
prescribed in the secondary course.

The prescribed order of exercises in the calisthenics class

was the following:
•Attentive exercise

–to serve
attention and interest.
Composed of simple arm and leg
exercises, marching, easy
dance steps.
•Corrective exercises

–to straighten spine, elevate chest and

improve carriage of the head. Composed
of arm flexions and head and trunk
bending.
•General exercises
–to develop strength, skill, speed and
endurance. Com
posed of many movements requiring
simultaneous use of the arms, trunk and legs.
•Respiratory exercise
–to aid gradual return of respiration
and circulation to normal. Composed of progressively
slower
movement of arms, head, trunk and legs.
The famous philosophers were
American Leaders;
William Cameron
Forbes and Elwood Stanley Brown.

Filipino Leaders; Pedro Villanueva,

Candido Bartolome, Geronimo Suva, Pedro Ablan,
Serafin Aquino and
Regino Ylanan
School Athletics

Filipinos began to play baseball when American

soldiers came to the Philippines during World War II.
By watching them play baseball, Filipinos learned
how to play the game and eventually started playing
their own sport.
Japanese Occupation

-The philosophy was "Conquer other nations and

emerged as the leader of them all". Compulsory mass
physical education was required to all students (all level)
and employees. General Exercises movement requiring
simulations use of the arms, trunks and legs.
Some Primitive Dances performed during the
early times

•Comintang
–was danced to the accompaniment of songs.
•Pampangco

–a dance which gave the woman every opportunity to display

special grace as
she skillfully
moved her hips about to the accompaniment
of loud clap Ping.

•Pabayo

–rice had to be pounded with pestles in a mortar.

Some Sports and Games

•Sipa
–meaning to kick

•Lambatan
–by net

•Bilangan
–by points
•Mudansa
–fancy kicking exhibition

•Arnis
–native fencing, two men each held a wooden bolo or sabe
about
thirty inches long and two inches wide and engaged each
other in a duel
.
Other sports activities designed to teach self
–defense were the native forms of wrestling
more popularly called the dumog ,Sumping or
finger wrestling and
sanggol/arm wrestling.
•Luksong Tinik
–meaning jumping over thorns, the latter hurdle being
a bridge improvised by the fingers of the players.

•Lanse
–a puzzle made of a flat piece of bamboo thirteen and
one
–Half inches long with two cords tied to it.
•Tubigan
–a tag game usually played on moonlit nights

•Piko
–a form of hopscotch
Some Famous Physical Educators and Sportsmen in the
Philippines
•Dr. Jorge C. Bacobo
–initiated the movement to revive Philippine folk dances and
songs.
•Francisca R. Aquino
–the mother of Philippine Folk Dance.She is a pioneer
researcher in Philippine folk dances, she worked actively for folk
dance revival through the public schools.
Elwood Stanley Brown
–Patron of “All Sports for All” of the YMCA and the International
Olympic Committee.

•Raymundo Deyro
–Consistent winner in local tennis singles tournament.

•Simeon Toribio
–Medalist in high jump, Far Eastern Meet (1927) and the11th
Olympic Games (1928).
•Felicismo “Mighty Mite” Ampon
–Outstanding exponent of Philippine tennis.

•William Cameron Forbes

–Instrumental in the organization of the local
Young Men’s Organization of the local Young Men’s Christian
Association
(YMCA) and the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation (PAAF).

•Anthony Villanueva
–Silver medalist in boxing, featherweight
class 1964
Olympics.
•Carlos Loyzaga
–Basketball star of the 1950’s.

•Pancho Villa
–First Filipino to win a world boxing title by knocking out in
1923.

•Gabriel “Flash” Florde

–Acclaimed as the greatest living Filipino boxer
today and classified by exports as a “thinking” or “scientific” fighter.

•Dr. Regino Ylanan

–pioneering physical educator
•Teofilo Yldefonso
–Star breast stroke swimmer in the 1925 Far Eastern
meet and the 1928 Olympic Games.

•Rodolfo Tan Cardoso

–“Chess Player of the Year” for 1956, 1957 and 1958
by the Philippine Sportswriters Association and the first
Asian to have been conferred the title “International Chess
Master”.
“CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS”
Girl Scouts of the Philippines

The Girl Scouts of the Philippines are a branch of the

Boy Scout movement. Mrs. Josefa Llanes Escoda was
sent to the U.S. and Europe to study girl scouting. She
served as the first national director of the movement in
the Philippines.
Boy Scouts of the Philippines

Boy scout troops were already organized in the

Philippines as early as 1910, or barely three years after
Lord Baden-Powell had founded scouting in England.
Troops were organized in U.S Army bases such as Fort
McKinleyCorregidor, Zamboanga, Cavite and Manila.
Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA)

The Young Women's Christian Association (YCA) was

organized in October 1926. It aims to promote growth in
Christian character and service through physical, social,
mental, and spiritual development for young women.
Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA)

The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCCA) was a

great factor in the growth of physical education in the
Philippines. It was formed to promote physical, social and
spiritual development of boys and young men. The YMCAA
is an association of Christian men who share the Christian
faith and life.
“SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF
PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT”
Sports
–Are institutionalized competitive activities that involve
rigorous physical exertion or the use of relatively
complex physical skills by participants motivated by
personal enjoyment and external rewards.

Play
–involves impressive activity done for its own sake; it
may be spontaneous or guided by informal norms.
Sports are Connected to Major Spheres of Social Life:

1.Sports and the Family

–sports are closely related to the family.

2.Sports and the Economy

–the economies of most countries, especially wealthy post
industrial countries, have been affected by the billions of
dollars spent every year for game tickets, sports equipment,
participation fees, athletic club membership dues. And bets
placed on favorite teams and athletes.
3.Sports and the Media
–television networks and cable stations may now
pay billions of dollars for the rights to televise
major games and events

4.Sports and Politics

–people in many societies link sports to feelings of
national pride and a sense of national identity.
Goals of Sports Sociology

1.Factors underlying the creation and the organization of

sports.

2.Relationship between sport and other aspects of

society such as family,education, and the media.

3.Influence of sport and sport participation on individuals’

beliefs relative to equity, gender, race, ethnicity, disability,
and other societal issues.
4.The social dynamics within the sport setting, i.e.,
organizational structure, group actions, and interaction
patterns.

5.The influence of cultural, structural, and situational

factors on the nature of sport and the sport experience.

6.The social processes associated with sport,

including competition,socialization, conflict, and change
Accommodation

-the attempt to imitate and interact

physically with the environment
*END*