UNIT 3 3. We stopped the bus.

:
PASSIVE VOICE _________________________________________
4. A thief stole my car. :
A. Introduction _________________________________________
Example: 5. They let him go:
 Active : She calls me _________________________________________
 Passive I am called by her 6. She won the prize:
_________________________________________
SO, OS : subject in active, 7. Mother told me a folklore
object in passive. _________________________________________
Object on active, 8. The teacher punished the students.
_________________________________________
PASSIVE VOICE 9. I write a poem :
_________________________________________
10. She called me :
TO BE + V3 _________________________________________
Exercise 2 Change into active
1. The students were invited by Sir Carls :
B. Passive form of simple Past Tense ____________________________________
Active : Hendro drove a new car 2. Four apples were bought by him :
Passive : A new car was driven by Hendro ____________________________________
3. The old lady was bitten by a wild dog :
S + was/were + V3 + O/C ____________________________________
4. Some hamburgers were eaten by Andrew.
Exercise 1 : Change into passive _________________________________________
1. She sang a song : 5. The children were taught by Oliver:
_________________________________________ ____________________________________
2. Somebody hit me: 6. A good story was told by grandmother:
_________________________________________ ____________________________________

1
 7. America was discovered by Columbus in 1492 :
____________________________
8. the Wilson's house was painted by Anna :
________________________________
9. Hamlet was written by Shakespeare: :
____________________________________
10. That beautiful photo was taken by my grandfather:
_________________________
C. Passive form of simple Present Tense
Active : She calls me
Passive I am called by her
S + AM/IS/ARE + V3 + O/C
Change into passive:
1. He opens the door.
___________________________________
2. We set the table.
_________________________________________
3. She pays a lot of money.
_________________________________________
4. I draw a picture
________________________________________
5. They wear blue shoes
_________________________________________
6. They help
you :_____________________________________
_ _________________________________________
7. Your mum picks you up:
_________________________________________
8. The police officer catches the thief
_________________________________________
9. A man washes a car
_________________________________________
10. I ride a big bike
_________________________________________
Change into active:
1. The land is sold by his son
_________________________________________
2. The letters are typed by secretary
_________________________________________
3. His medicine is taken by him
_________________________________________
4. English is learnt by all people in the word
_________________________________________
5. The songs are sung by them
_________________________________________
6. the housework is done by their children
________________________________________
7. The students are helped by The policemen:
_________________________________________
8. A plate of delicious fried rice is cooked by my
sister:
_________________________________________
9. Those big bikes are fixed by a professional man
10. A present is given for you by me
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 _________________________________________
D. Passive form of simple Future Tense
Active : She will call me
Passive I will be called by her
S + will be + V3 + O/C
Change into passive!
1. Jane will buy a new computer
_________________________________________
2. Her boyfriend will install it.
_________________________________________
3. Millions of people will visit the oldest museum
_________________________________________
4. Our boss will sign the contract
_________________________________________
5. You will do it.
_________________________________________
6. They will show the new film.
_________________________________________
7. He sees Sue.
_________________________________________
8. They will ask him.
_________________________________________
9. my uncle will send me a gift
_________________________________________
10. The plumber will repair the shower
_________________________________________
Change into Active:
1. You will be told by them when the time comes.
__________________________________________
2. The offer will be accepted by her.
__________________________________________
3. The job will be finished by me by Monday.
__________________________________________
4. The dinner will be prepared by me.
__________________________________________
5. This lesson will never be forgotten by you.
__________________________________________
6. You will be given a writing assignment in Japanese
tomorrow
__________________________________________
7. We will be asked to show our identification by
security officer.
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
8. They will be met by him next Sunday at Tebet
__________________________________________
9. The crops shall be harvested by the farmers next
month
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
10. they will be punished by headmaster
__________________________________________
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 6. What is your respond to accept the invitation?
___________________________________
UNIT 4 7. What is your respond to decline the invitation?
INVITATION ___________________________________
Listening : https://www.sederet.com/tutorial/listening-
A. Dialogue making-an-invitation-dialog/
Read the following dialogue! Conclusion
Sintia : Tomorrow is my birthday and my mother will
cook a lot for dinner. Would you like to come INVITE ACCEPTING DECLINING
over? SOMEONE
 Would you  Great  I’m very sorry, I
Rini : Thanks. I’d love to come. What time?
like to ….  Sounds good don’t think I can.
Sintia : Great! It’ll be at 6 pm.
 Could you  Yes, obviously  I’d like to, but ….
Rini : Okay. See you tomorrow! come to…  Thank you for
 Alright, I’ll
Sintia : See you  I’d very come asking me, but ….
Answer the following questions! much like  Thank you for  Unfortunately, I
1. Who are the people in the dialogue?  Would you inviting me. can’t ….
___________________________________________ care to ….  I would/will
2. Who invites whom?  I’ll really ….
_____________________________________________ happy if  That would be
you come very nice.
___________
to….  I’d like to love
3. What is the invitation about?  I’m sure to come.
_____________________________________________ that you  That’s fine.
____ won’t be  Sure. Why
4. What time it will be held? disappointe not?
_____________________________________________ d to come
______ to….
5. What would you say to invite someone?
________________________________________

4
 Card 2
B. Card
Card 1 To: Reva
Would you like to come to my parents
wedding anniversary party. The party
will be held:
Day/ date: Sunday/11 march 2016
Time: 07.00 pm
Place: at my house
No meaning without your coming.
Your Best friend
Answer the Following questions! Boy
1. Who invites you?
____________________________________________ Answer the Following questions!
2. What party is it? 1. Who is the receiver?
____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
3. When it will be held? 2. Who is the sender?
____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
4. Where it be held? 3. What is the invitation about?
____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
5. What does R.S.V.P mean? 4. When the party will be held?
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

5
 5. Where it will be held? Bella Britannia
_____________________________________________

Conclusion: Answer the questions below!

1) Who writes the invitation card?
There are some important items in invitation card:
_________________________________________
 Receiver/To
2) Who is the receiver of the letter?
 Body of invitation
_______________________________________
- Subject (what invitation about)
3) What is the letter about?
- Day or Date
_______________________________________________
- Time
4) When and where it will be done?
- Place
_________________________________________
 Sender/from 5) “….I’m waiting for you to come!..... The word “I” refers to
_______
C. Letter
6) “….Please come before the party was ending…..”.
Jakarta, June 01, 2021
what does the sentence mean?
Dear Alex Enderson, _____________________________________
7) “ …. I wish you fine and filled with happiness in your
How are you? I wish you fine and filled with happiness brightest place right now…”. The word “happiness” has
in your brightest place right now. the opposite meaning with
Absolutely I will you to come to my 22nd belated ________________________________
birthday! Make sure that you will bring your body and your
sincere presence with the prayers.
Please come on June 07, 2021, at 17.00 PM to La
Grande restaurant with the dress code ‘casual vintage’
I’m waiting for you to come! Please come before the
party was ending. Thank you for your attention

With love,

6

UNIT 5
HORTATORY EXPOSITION
A. Definition
A Hortatory exposition is a type of spoken or written
text that is intended to explain the listeners or readers that
something should or should not happen or be done. To
strengthen the explanation, the speaker or writer needs
some arguments as the fundamental reasons of the given
idea. In other words, this kind of text can be called as
argumentation. Hortatory exposition text can be found in
scientific books, journals, magazines, newspaper articles,
academic speech or lectures, research report etc. Hortatory
expositions are popular among science, academic
community and educated people.
B. Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition
1. Thesis : Statement or announcement of issue concern
2. Arguments : Reasons for concern that will lead to
recommendation
3. Recommendation : Statement of what should or
should not happen or be done based on the given
arguments
C. Language Features of Hortatory Exposition
1. A Hortatory exposition focuses on generic human and
non human participants, except for speaker or writer
referring to self.
2. It uses mental processes. It is used to state what the
writer or speaker thinks or feels about something. For
example: realize, feel etc.
3. It often needs material processes. It is used to state
what happens, e.g. ….has polluted… etc.
4. It usually uses Simple Present Tense and Present
Perfect Tense.
5. Enumeration is sometimes necessary to show the list of
given arguments: Firstly, secondly …, Finally, etc.
D. Examples
A CAMPAIGN OF THE IMPORTANCE OF
READING
Thesis:
Reading habit is poor among Indonesians because most
people haven’t realized the importance of reading
Argument 1
Reading is important to transform knowledge and
technology. By reading, one knows the world. He or she
will understand what he doesn’t see by himself or herself.
The lines of the paragraphs in an article contain pieces of
knowledge. The knowledge is needed to improve the
quality of human’s life. Technology transformation from
other country can only be done by reading a lot various
sources of literature. Valuable books in libraries and
bookstores mean nothing if they are not read.
Argument 2
Realizing the importance of reading will make someone
motivated to read. When we know that something is very
important because it can give us valuable information, we
will try to get or do the thing. For example, a businessman
who always follows latest information or news, will know
7
 what to do in his/ her business. He will make a good
decision to make a transaction. Most people in all
developed countries have realized the importance or
reading and they have good reading habits. In bus and train
stations, vehicles, waiting rooms, parks, people like
reading. They enjoy reading which gives them valuable
knowledge and inspiration.
Argument 3
A good understanding toward the importance of reading
can be achieved by well organized and effective campaign.
To plant an understanding in a generation’s minds is not an
easy job. It needs a hard work from all components of the
nation, especially the government. A serious campaign
which is organized by the central and local government
can help common people wake up and stand to face the
real competition. The campaign can be done through
various kinds of mass media such as TV, radio, booklets,
bulletins, newspapers, magazines. It can also be conducted
by teachers, parents and all people who care.
Recommendation
Therefore, a nation-wide effective campaign of the
importance of reading by all components of the nation
should be done, facilitated by the government, to face the
tighter competition. The world has forced globalization.
Those people with little knowledge will be left behind. To
speed up the better change in this country, a good reading
habit is really important.
E. Exercises
TEXT 1 For number 1 - 3
BEING ON TIME
Being on time is a beautiful social ethic and one of
great importance, as it creates efficiency in system and
implies respect for one another. However, it is one the
many values that is not easy for our students to learn.
Inner discipline, one that comes from an understanding
of the set rules and regulation, is the highest form
behavior. Most excellent schools try to instill this with a
loving environment. Why, even adults arrive late to
meeting, work, et c. Here, we do not agree that late comers
should be shut out. They can be given warnings, most of
which are enough to make them try their best to reach the
school on time latter. If this fails, invite the parent to
school.
By closing the gates, the school is behaving cruelly, to
which we prefer not to expose our children. Every school
has responsibility to implant good educational principle,
but it should be in appropriate ways. Good schools create
competitive students who can organize themselves
effectively in society, so that everyone gets a quality life as
a result of the ethics and values learned for as long as 12
years.
Children are precious and dependent on the adult for
guidance. Understanding them is the key, and to this end,
both parents and schools must work hand in hand without
playing the blame game.
1. What should the school do if a student can’t stop his/her
habit to come late to school?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
2. What does the writer think to be “the highest form of
behaviour” (in the second paragraph)?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
8
 3. ”Children are precious and dependent on the adults for
guidance.” The word “precious” is closest in meaning
to ….
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Text 2 is for questions number 4-6
BOARDING SCHOOL EDUCATION
There are many arguments in favor of a boarding school
education. Nevertheless, the boarding school is not always the
best education institution for everyone.
At an early age interacting and communicating with
people is very important for a child’s personal life and can be
especially helpful for his/her future. In a boarding school, shy
children can take advantage of interaction through communal
activities. The boarding school also offers a great variety of
activities such as arts, sports, and music that allow children to
demonstrate and develop specialized skills in their free time.
Furthermore, the structured way of life and strict rules
at the boarding school may helps students to get used to a well
ordered way of life. The manners and social skills will help
them to become more responsible and confident, and to
develop their talents in leadership. Professionally trained
teachers and educators in the boarding school can offer
excellent education without the parents’ constant supervision.
In spite of these good points, it is not advisable to send
a child to a boarding school if he/she is a dependent learner. A
boarding school usually demands that student learn
independently. In addition, the boarding school should not be
seen as a measure to solve inappropriate behavior or
unsatisfactory study performance. Instead of improving,
problematic children may close off their relationship with their
peers and teachers.
In conclusion although a boarding school may provide
good education to many children, it is not recommended for
those who are strongly attached to their families. They may
become frustrated and socially isolated.
4. According to the writer, children in a boarding school can
develop specialized skills in…
_______________________________________________
___________________________________________
5. Why do parents send their children to boarding school?
Because…
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
6. From the text, we can conclude that…
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
TEXT 3 is for questions number 7 - 11
SKATEBOARDING
Anybody who is over the age of six knows that there
is nowhere safe for skateboarders to skate. This prevents young
people from enjoying an active, energetic and adventurous
pastime.
Just watch a local street for a short while and note the
steady stream of skaters speeding up and down the footpaths.
Toddlers can be trampled on and old ladies can be knocked
down as they struggle home carrying their cat food from
supermarkets.
9
 Skateboarding is a serious sport that improves young
people’s health. It increases fitness, improves balance and
strengthens the joints in knees and ankles. Although it appears
to be a solo sport, when groups practice together and compete
to perform stunts or runs they form firm friendships.
Young people should be prevented from becoming
overweight couch potatoes. If they are actively involved in
skating, they do not smoke, take drugs or break laws for fun.
Kids will always seek thrills and excitement.
They need to practice their 180s, 360s and Ollie’s free
from restrictions. We must build skate parks in the suburbs so
that streets are safe for small children and senior citizens and
skaters have spaces where they can race, chase, speed, and soar
towards the sun.
7. Where do the kids usually ride their skateboard?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
8. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
9. The writer’s purpose in writing the text is ….
_______________________________________________
___________________________________________
10. What must we do to let the skaters play?
_______________________________________________
___________________________________________
11. They need to practice their 180s, 360s and Ollie’s free
from restrictions. (Paragraph 5) The synonym of the word
“restrictions” is __________________________________
SHOULD AMERICANS BE FORCED TO PUBLIC
TRANSPORTATION?
First, let me define what the question is and isn’t
asking. It isn’t asking if we should we all abandon cars right
now, nor is it asking if we should abandon them completely,
nor is it asking if every American should do so. It is asking
weather some Americans should have to take public transit
some of the time, and I would say yes.
Oil use and pollution aside, in some cities like Los
Angeles and New York there just isn’t room for any more
roads, so in order for large cities to grow, they need more
people to take public transit or risk permanent traffic jam. One
bus can safely hold 40 people so even at half capacity that’s
nearly 20 cars’ worth of space in traffic cleared up, and nearly
20 parking spaces that don’t need to built.
There are a lot of people that can take with transit little
inconvenience but simply don’t because they never have in the
past. If residents in areas with plenty of transit had to buy
transit passes as part of their property taxes then they would
have little excuse not to bus occasionally. QA number of
universities already bundle a ‘U-Pass’ with their tuition feeds,
forcing their students to take the bus. When given the change
the majority of those students have voted to keep these
programs.
A similar system in apartments where a portion of the
tenants are not issued parking spaces in exchange for a
10
discount on their rent would also be community car to several
apartment tenants that arrange a schedule for the car, and this
program gets many positive reviews.
So yes, I would say that Americans should be forced to
use public transit, as Americans whom are already forced to do
so find that it works well for them.

12. What does writer suggest?

_______________________________________________
___________________________________________

13. The following is one of the writer’s suggestions in forcing

people to use Public Transportation ….
_______________________________________________
___________________________________________
14. What is the purpose of the article?
_______________________________________________
___________________________________________
15. What is the function of the first paragraph?
_______________________________________________
___________________________________________
16. In the article you find the word “transit” a few times. What
does the word “transit” means?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
17. What the function of the last paragraph?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________

11