Class: X Subject: Mathematics Cycle: 02

Name of the chapter– Polynomials

Important Points of Learning

 Polynomials of degree, 1, 2 and 3 are called linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials
respectively.
 A quadratic polynomial in with real coefficients is of the form , where, a, b, c are
real numbers with .
 A real number a is a zero of a polynomial ( ) if ( ) .
 The zeroes of a polynomial ( ) are precisely the coordinate of the points, where the graph
of ( ) intersects the -axis.
 A quadratic polynomial can have at most 2 zeroes and a cubic polynomial can have atmost 3
zeroes. In general, a polynomial of degree have atmost zeroes.
 If and are the zeroes the quadratic polynomial then
,

If are the zeroes of the cubic polynomial then

, and
 The division algorithm states that given any polynomial ( ) and any non-zero polynomial
( ), there are polynomials ( ) and ( ) such that
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) where, ( ) or degree ( ) degree ( )

Section – A
Q1. Graph of a quadratic polynomial is:
(a) straight line (b) circle (c) Parabola (d) ellipse
Q2. If graph of a polynomial does not interests the x-axis but interests y-axis in one point, then
number of zeroes of the polynomial is equal to.
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 0 or 1 (d) None of these
Q3. The parabola representi ng a quadratic polynomial f ( ) opens downward
when.
(a) a < 0 (b) a > 0 (c) a < 1 (d) a > 1
Q4. The zeroes of the quadratic polynomial are:
(a) both positive (b) both negative
(c) one positive and one negative (d) can‟t be determined
Q5. If be the zeroes of the polynomial ( ) such that ( ) ,
( ) and , then ( )
(a) (b)

(c) (d) None of these

Q6. The product of zeroes of the polynomial is

(a) (b) (c) (b)

Q7. If the sum of the zeroes of the polynomial ( ) is 6, then the value of k
is:
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) (b)
Q8. If the sum of the zeroes of the polynomial ( ) ( ) is 1, then p takes the
value ( )
(a) √ (b) (c) (b)
Q9. If the sum of the zeroes of a polynomial is and product of the zeroes of the polynomial is
– 2, then the polynomial is:

(a) (b)

(c) (b)
Q10. For what value of p, 1 is a zero of the polynomial ( ) ( )

(a) (b) (c) (b)

Q11. If are the zeroes of the polynomial ( ) ( ) , then ( )( )=

(a) (b) (c) (b)

Q12. If the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ( ) are 4 and – 3, then a – b is
(a) 12 (b) 10 (c) 7 (b) 1
Q13. If are zeroes of the polynomial ( ) then

(a) (b) (c) (b)

Q14. If are zeroes of the cubic polynomial then ( ) is

equal to:
(a) 1 (b) (c) 0 (b) 2
Q15. If the sum of the zeroes of the polynomial ( ) is 6, then the value of
is:
(a) 2 (b) (c) 4 (b)

Section – B
Q1. Find the zeroes of the polynomial ( ) √ √ , and verify the relationship
between the zeroes and the coefficients. , √ -
√

Q2. If and are the zeroes of the polynomial ( ) , such that 40, find
the value of k. * +
Q3. If and are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ( ) ( ) , evaluate
( )( ). * +
Q4. If and are the zeroes of the polynomial ( ) , find the polynomial whose
zeroes are ( ) and ( ). * ( )+
Q5. If the zeroes of the cubic polynomial ( ) are in AP, then prove that
.
Q6. Find all the zeroes of the polynomial ( ) if you know that two
of its zeroes are √ and √ .
Q7. Find the value of for which the polynomial ( ) is exactly divisible by
( ) . * +
Q8. Find the values of a and b so that is divisible by . * +
Q9. On dividing by a polynomial ( ), the quotient and remainder
were and respectively. Find ( ). * +
Q10. If and are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ( ) such that
( ) 144, find the value of . * +

Section – C
[Case Study based Questions]

Q1. A survey was conducted on few students regarding their food habits. It was found that the
number of students taking junk food is and the number of students taking healthy food is .
(i) If and are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial and , then
number of students taking junk food is
(a) 8 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 3
(ii) Number of students taking healthy food is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 8
(iii) Sum of zeroes of the polynomial is ________ .
(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 6
(iv) Product of the zeroes of polynomial is _________.
(a) 13 (b) 15 (c) 11 (d) 17
(v) A quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are – 3 and – 4 is
(i) (ii)
(iii) (iv)
Q2. Generally shapes of highway overpasses and underpasses are in t he shape of a parabola,
which is represented by a quadratic polynomial ( )
(i) If a highway overpass is represented by polynomial , than its zeroes are
(a) 5 and – 2 (b) – 5 and 2 (c) 3 and – 2 (d) – 3 and 2
(ii) The highway underpass whose one zero is 6 and sum of the zeroes is 0, is represented
by the polynomial
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(iii) The highway overpass whose sum of the zeroes is 4 and product of zeroes i s 9, is
represented by the polynomial.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(iv) If the highway underpass is represented by the polynomial , then sum of its
zeroes is
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 8
(v) If the highway overpass is represented by the polynomial , then zeroes are
(b) 9 and 9 (b) 3 and 3 (c) – 9 and – 9 (d) – 3 and – 3
Class: 3 Subject: Mathematics Cycle: 3/4

Name of the chapter – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

Important Points of Learning

 A pair of linear equations in two variable is said to form a system of simultaneous linear
equations.
 The most general form of a pair of linear equations is
and
where and are real numbers, such that 0.
 A pair of linear equations is consistent if it has a solution – either unique or infinity many.
In case of infinitely many solutions, the pair of linear equations is said to be dependent. Thus,
in this case, the pair of linear equations is dependent and consistent.
 A pair of linear equations is inconsistent, if it has no solution.
Let a pair of linear equations in two variable be and

(I) If , then

(a) the pair of linear equations is consistent,

(b) the graph will be a pair of lines intersecting at a unique point, which is solution of the
pair of equations.

(II) If ,

(a) the pair of linear equations is inconsistent,

(b) the graph will be a pair of parallel lines and so the pair of equations have no solution.

(III) If

(a) the pair of linear equations is dependent and consistent,

(b) the graph will be pair of coincident lines. Each point on the lines will be a solution,
and so the pair of equations will have infinitely many solutions.
 A pair of linear equations can be solved algebraically by any of the following methods:
(i) Substitution Method (ii) Elimination Method (iii) Cross-multiplication Method

Section – A
Q1. Which of the following is a solution of the equation ?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Q2. The point of intersection of the lines represented by and the is
(a) (2, 0) (b) (0, –3) (c) (–2, 0) (d) (0, 3)
Q3. The pair of equations and has
(a) a unique solution (b) exactly two solutions
 (c) infinite many solutions (d) no solution
Q4. The pair of equations and has
(a) one solution (b) two solutions
(c) infinite many solutions (d) no solution
Q5. The value of k for which the system of equations and has no
solution, is
(a) 10 (b) 7 (c) 3 (d) 12
Q6. The point of the intersection of the lines and is
(a) (-3, 5) (b) (3, 5) (c) (0, -5) (d) (3, - 5)
Q7. The larger of two complementary angles exceeds the smaller by 16 degrees. Find them
(a) 58o, 32o (b) 53o, 37o (c) 64o, 26o (d) 29o, 63o
Q8. If and represent a system of the equations, then the value of is
(a) – 2 (b) – 6 (c) – 4 (d) None of these
Q9. The pair of equations y = 0 and y = -7 has
(a) one solution (b) two solutions
(c) infinitely many solutions (d) no solution
Q10. If and is the solution of the equations and then the values of
a and b are respectively.
(a) 3 and 5 (b) 5 and 3
(c) 3 and 1 (d) – 1 and – 3
Q11. Determine k for which the system of equations has infinite solutions.
and
Q12. Graphically the pair of equations represent two lines which
are
(a) Intersecting at one point (b) intersecting exactly at two points
(c) coincident (d) parallel
Q13. Write the value of k for which the system of equations , has unique
solution
(a) (b)

(c) (d)
Q14. The system of equations:
(a) is inconsistent (b) has a unique solution
(b) has infinite number of solution (d) None of these
Q15. The pair of equations and graphically represents lines which are
(a) parallel (b) intersecting at (b, a)
(b) coincident (d) intersecting at (a, b)
Q16. The pair of linear equations and has
(a) no common solution (b) infinitely many solution
(b) unique solution (d) None of these
Q17. If the pair of equations √ and has infinitely many solutions, than

(a) 30o (b) 45o (c) 60o (d) 90o

Q18. If a pair of linear equation is consistent with a unique solution, than the lines representing
them are
(a) parallel (b) coincident (c) intersecting (d) None of these
Q19. A two digit number is k times the sum of its digits. The number formed by interchanging the
digits is the sum of digits multiplied by
(a) 9 – k (b) 11 – k (c) k – 1 (d) k + 1
Q20. and are 2 different digits. If the sum of the two digit numbers formed by using both the
digits is a perfect square, then value of is:
(a) 10 (b) 11 (c) 12 (d) 13

Section – B
Q1. Solve for and
(a) {2, 3}
(b) {6, 5}
(c) ( ) { –1, 1}
(d) {2a, - 2b}

(e) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) {1, 8}
(f) {3/2, -1/2}

Q2. Find the value of p for which the following pair of linear equation has exactly one solution

Q3. Find the value of k for which the system of equation ( ) ( )

has no solution. {2}
Q4. Find the value of for which the following system of linear equations has infinite solutions:
( ) ( ) {2}
Q5. Find the value of k for which the following linear equations have no solution.
( ) ( ) ( ) {-1}
Q6. Given below are three equations. Two of them have infinite, solutions and two have a unique
solution. State the two pairs.
Q7. If we add 5 to the denominator and subtract 5 from the numerator of a fraction, it reduces to
. If we subtract 3 from the numerator and add 2 to its denominator, it reduces to . Find the

fraction. , -

Q8. Ram‟s age is four times the sum of the ages of his two sons. Six years hence, his age will be
double the sum of their ages. Find Ram‟s present age. {36 yrs}
Q9. A two-digit number, when multiplied by 3, equals the square of the sum of its digits. If three
tune the sum of the digits is equal to the number itself, then find the number. {27}
Q10. The ratio of incomes of two persons is 7:6 and the ratio of their expenditures is 6:5. If each
of item saves Rs. 2000, find their incomes and expenditures {12000, 10000}
Q11. A train covers a certain distance at a uniform rate, on increasing its speed by 5km/hour it
saves 20 minutes and on decreasing its speed by 20 km/hr it loses 2 hours. Find the
distance covered by the train. {350km}
Q12. It can take 12 hours to fill a swimming pool using two pipes. If the pipe of larger diameter is
used for 4 hours and the pipe of smaller diameter for 9 hours, only half pool can be filled.
How long would it take each pipe to fill the pool separately? {20,30}

Section – C
(Case Study based questions)

Q1. Keshav sells a saree at 8% profit and a sweater at 10% discount, thereby, getting a sum of
1008. If he had sold the ……….. at 10% profit and the sweater at 8% discount, he would
have got 1028.
Denote the cost price of the saree and the list price (price before discount) of the sweater
by and respectively and answer the followings:
(i) The 1st situation can be represented algebraically as
(a) 2.08 + 1.9 = 2008 (b) 1.08 1008
(c) (d) 1008
(ii) The 2nd situation can be represented algebraically as
(a) 10 1028 (b) 2.1 1028
(c) 1.1 1028 (d) 1028
(iii) Linear equation represented by 1 st situation intersect the x-axis at
(a) (2800, 0) (b) (2500, 0)

(c) ( ) (b) ( )

(iv) Linear equation represented by 2 nd situation intersect the y-axis at

(a) ( ) (b) (0, 25700)

(c) ( ) (b) (0, 26800)

(v) Both linear equations represented by situation 1st and 2nd intersect each other at
(a) (400,600) (b) (600,400) (c) (200, 200) (b) (800,600)
Q2. A test consists of „Time‟ or „False‟ questions. One mark is awarded for every correct answer
while mark is deducted for every wrong a nswer. A student know answers to some of the
questions. Rest of the questions he attempted by guessing. He answers 120 equations and
gets 90 marks.
Based on the above information, give the answer of the following questions.
(i) If answer to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong, then how many
questions did he answer correctly?
(a) 24 (b) 96 (c) 70 (b) 69
(ii) How many questions did he guess?
(a) 24 (b) 70 (c) 100 (b) 96
(iii) If answer to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong and answered 80
correctly, then how many marks he got?
(a) 96 (b) 24 (c) 100 (b) 70
(iv) If answers to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong, then how many
questions answered correctly to score 90 marks?
(a) 24 (b) 70 (c) 96 (b) 100
(v) If answer to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong and answered 50%
correctly. Then how many marks he got?
(a) 45 (b) 55 (c) 65 (b) 40
Class: X Subject: Mathematics Cycle: 4/5

Name of the chapter – Coordinate Geometry

Important Points of Learning

 Distance Formula : The distance between the points P ( ) and ( ) is

PQ = √( ) ( )
 Distance of a Point from the Origin: The distance of a point P ( ) from the origin, O, is OP =
√
 Section Formula : The co-ordinates of the point, which divides the join of A( ) and B ( )
internally in the ratio are

( )

 Area formula for triangle.

 If the vertices of a triangle are ( ) ( ) and ( ) then the coordinates of its
centroid are

( )

 Condition of collinearity of Three Points: If the area of a triangle ABC is zero, then the three
points A, B and C are collinear, i.e., they lie on a line.

Section – A
Q1. The triangle where vertices are (0, 0) (2.7, 0) and (0.4.9) is a/an
(a) equilateral triangle (b) right angled triangle
(c) isosceles triangle (d) obtuse-angled triangle
Q2. The distance of the point (a, b) from y-axis is :
(a) a units (b) |a| units (c) b units (d) |b| units
Q3. If the segment joining the points (a, b) and (c, d) subtends a right angle at the origin, then :
(a) ac – bd = 0 (b) ac + bd = 0 (c) ab + cd = 0 (d) ab – cd = 0
Q4. The point which lies on the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining the points
A(-2, - 5) and B(2, 5) is:
(a) (1, 5) (b) (-1, 5) (c) (0, 0) (d) (0, 5)
Q5. The angle subtended by joining points A(3, 0) and P(0, -2) to the origin point is:
(a) 45o (b) 90o (c) 60o (d) 30
Q6. The distance between the points A(0, 6) and B(0, -2) is:
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 4 (d) 2
Q7. If points A(5, p) B(1, 5) C(2, 1) and D(6, 2) form a square ABCD, then p is:
(a) 7 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 8
Q8. The points (2, 4) (2, 6) and (2 + √ ) are the vertices of:
(a) an equilateral triangle (b) an isosceles triangle
(c) a right triangle (d) a right angled isosceles triangle
Q9. The distance of the point (-12, 5) from the origin is:
(a) 12 (b) 5 (c) 13 (d) 169
Q10. The distance between the points (a, b) and (-a, -b) is:

(a) √ units (b) √ units

(c) 2√ units (d) √ units

Q11. If (-2, -1), (a, 0), (4, b) and (1, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram, then the values of a and
b are:
(a) 1, 3 (b) 1, 4 (c) 2, 3 (d) 3, 1
Q12. The ratio in which the x-axis divides the line segment joining A(3, 6) and B(12, -3) is:
(a) 2:1 (b) 1:2 (c) 3:1 (d) 1:3
Q13. The coordinates of the fourth verte x of the rectangle formed by the point (0, 0) (2, 0) and (0,
3) are:
(a) (3, 0) (b) (0, 2) (c) (2, 3) (d) (3, 2)
Q14. The coordinates of the circumcentre of the triangle formed by the points 0 (0, 0) A(a, 0) and
B(0, b) are:

(a) (a, b) (b) ( ) (c) ( ) (d) (b, a)

Q15. If the centre of a circle is (3, 5) and end points of a diameter are (4, 7) and (2, y) then the
value of y is:
(a) 3 (b) -3 (c) 7 (d) 4

Section – B
Q1. If four vertices of a parallelogram taken in order are (-3, -1) (a, b) (3, 3) and (4, 3) then find
a:b {4:1}
Q2. Using the distance formula show that the points (4, 3) (5, 1) and (1, 9) are collinear.
Q3. The distance of three trees from two crossroads (perpendicular roads) are respectively (4m,
2m) (7m, 5m), (9m, 7m). Are the three trees in a straight line?
Q4. Show that the point A(5, 6) B(1, 5) C(2, 1) and D(6, 2) are the vertices of a square.
Q5. Find the area of a rhombus if its vertices are (3, 0) (4, 5) (-1, 4) and (-2, -1) taken in
order: {24 sq. units}
Q6. Find a point which is equidistant from (3, -4), (1, 2) and (5, -6) {11, 2}
Q7. Determine the coordinates of the centre of a circle passing through the points A(8, 6) B(2, -2)
and C(8, -2). Also find the radius of the circle. {(5,2), 5units}

Q8. In what ratio does the point ( ) divide the join of (-2, -4) and ( )? {3:1}
Q9. Find the ratio in which the point (-3, p) divides the line segment joining the points (-5, -4) and
(-2, 3). Hence find the value of p. {2:1, }

Q10. Find the ratio in which the join of points (3, -1) and (8, 9) is divided by the line y- +2=0.
{2:3}
Q11. A line segment meets axis at A and y-axis at B. If the coordinates of mid-point of AB are
(3, 4), find the coordinates of A and B and the length of line segment AB.
{A(6, 0), B(0, 8), 10 unit}
Q12. If the points A(4, 3) and B( ) are on the circle with the centre 0(2, 3) find the value of . {2}
Q13. The line segment joining the points A(2, 1) and B(5, -8) is trisected at the points P and Q
such that P is nearer to A. If P also lies on the line given by , find the value
of k. {-8}
Q14. Find the value of p for which the points A(-5, 1) B(1, p) and C(4, -2) are collinear. {p=-1}
Q15. Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD formed by the points A(-2, -2) B(5, 1) C(2, 4) and
D(-1, 5) {26 sq. unit}

Section – C
(Case study based questions)

Q1. Students of residential society undertake to work for the campaign “Say no to plastics”. Group
A took the region under the coordinates (3, 3) (6, y) ( 7) and (5, 6) and group B took the
region under the coordinates (1, 3) (2, 6) (5, 7) and (4, 4)
Based on the above information answer the following questions:
(i) If region covered by group A forms a parallelogram where the coordinates are taken in
the given order then
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(ii) Perimeter of the region covered by group A is
(a) √ units (b) √ units
(c) (√ √ ) units (d) None of these
(iii) If the coordinates of region covered by group B, taken in the same order form a
quadrilateral than the length of each of its diagonals is:
(a) √ units, √ units (b) √ units, √ units
(c) √ units, √ units (d) None of these
(iv) If region covered by group B forms a rhombus where the coordinates are taken in given
order, then the perimeter of this region is:
(a) √ units (b) √ units (c) √ units (d) √ units
(v) The coordinate of the point which divides the join of points ( ) and ( )
internally in the ratio m:n is

(a) ( ) (b) ( )
 (c) ( ) (d) none of these

Class: X Subject: Mathematics Cycle: 6/7

Name of the chapter – Triangles

Important Points of Learning

 If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle intersecting the other two sides, then it
divides the other two sides in the same ratio.
 If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line must be parallel to
the third side.
 A line drawn through the mid-point of one side of a triangle parallel to another side bisects the
third side.
 The line joining the mid-points of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side.
 Diagonals of a trapezium divide each other proportionally.
 If the diagonals of a quadrilateral divides each other proportionally, then it is a trapezium.
 Any line parallel to the parallel sides of a trapezium divides the non-parallel sides
proportionally.
 If three or more parallel lines are intersected by two transversals, then intercepts made by
them on the transversal are proportional.
 If two triangles are equiangular, then their corresponding sides are proportional and the angles
are similar.
 If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional then they are similar.
 If in two triangles, one pair of corresponding sides are proportional and the included angles are
equal, then the triangles are similar.
 If two triangles are equiangular, then the ratio of the corresponding sides is same as the ratio
of their corresponding medians.
 If two triangles are equiangular then the ratio of the corresponding sides is same as the ratio of
their corresponding angle bisector segment.
 If two triangle are equiangular, then the ratio of the corresponding side is same as the ratio of
their corresponding altitudes.
 If two sides and a median bisecting one of these sides of a triangle are respectively
proportional to the two sides and the corresponding median of another triangle, then the
triangles are similar.
 If two sides and a median bisecting the third side of a triangle are respectively proportiona l to
the corresponding sides and the median of another triangle, then the two triangles are similar.

Section –A
Q1. The height of mountains is found out using the idea of indirect measurements which is based
on the:
(a) Principle of congruent figures (b) Principle of similarity of figures
(c) Principle of equality of figures (d) None of the above
Q2. If ABC is similar to DEF such that 3AB = DE and BC = 9 cm, then EF is equal to:
(a) 27cm (b) 3cm (c) 6cm (d) 9cm
Q3. In ABC, DE||BC. AD = 2 , BD = , AE = 2 and EC = . Find
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 10

Q4. In ABC, DE||BC, if and AC = 18cm, find AE

(a) 6.3cm (b) 7.2cm (c) 6.5cm (d) 7.6cm

Q5. If ABC EDF and ABC is not similar to DEF, then which of the following is not true?
(a) BC. EF = AC.FD (b) AB.EF = AC.DE
(c) BC. DE = AB.EF (d) BC.DE = AB. FD
Q6. In ABC, BAC = 90o and AD BC, then:
(a) BD CD = BC 2 (b) AB AC = BC 2
(c) BD CD = AD 2 (d) AB AC = AD 2
Q7. In the figure, find in terms of a, b and c.
 (a) (b) (c) (d)

Q8. If in two triangles ABC and PQR, then

(a) PQR CAB (b) PQR ABC

(c) CBA PQR (d) BCA PQR
Q9. If PQR is an equilateral triangle and QR, then (PX)2 is equal to:
(a) ( ) (b) ( ) (c) 3( ) (d)
( )
Q10. If ABC QRP, , AB = 18cm and BC = 15cm, then PR is equal to:
( )

(a) 10cm (b) 12cm (c) cm (d) 8cm

Q11. Two similar triangles ABC and PQR have their areas 25cm2 and 49cm2 respectively. If QR =
9.8cm the value of BC is:
(a) 7cm (b) 4cm (c) 8cm (d) 9cm
Q12. In an isosceles triangle ABC, if AC = BC and AB 2 = 2AC 2, then C is equal to:
(a) 30o (b) 45o (c) 90o (d) 60o
Q13. The sides of a triangle are 30, 70 and 80 units. If an altitude is dropped upon the side of
length 80 units, the larger segment cut off on this side is:
(b) 62 units (b) 63 units (c) 64 units (d) 65 units
Q14. In ABC, ABC = 90o, AD = 15cm and DC = 20cm, where point D is on AC. If BD is the
bisector of ABC, what is the perimeter of the triangle ABC?
(a) 74cm (b) 84cm (c) 91cm (d) 105cm
Q15. Sides of triangle are (i) 3cm , 4cm, 6cm (ii) 4cm, 5cm, 6cm (iii) 7cm, 24cm, 25cm (iv) 5cm,
12cm, 14cm which of these is a right triangles?
(a) (i) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (d) (iv)
Q16. ABC in an equilateral triangle. DE is parallel to BC such that area of quadrilateral DBCE is
equal to one half the area of ABC. IF BC = 2cm, than DE =
(a) 1cm (b) 1 cm (c) √ cm (d) None of these

Section –B
Q1. M and N are points on the sides PQ and PR respectively of PQR. State whether MN||QR.
Given, PQ=15.2cm, PR = 12.8cm, PM=5.7cm PN = 4.8cm.
Q2. In the given figure, AEF = AFE and E is the mid point of CA. Prove that .
Q3. P is any point on side BC of a ABC. PM||BA and PN||CA. MN produced meets CB produced
at Q. Prove that QP 2 = QBxQC.

2
Q4. In a triangle ABC, if AD BC and A = BD x DC prove that BAC = 90o.
Q5. In ABC, P and Q are points on AB and AC respectively s uch that PQ||BC. Prove that the
median AD bisects PQ.
Q6. Through the mid-point n of the side CD of a parallelogram ABCD, the line BM is drawn
intersecting AC at L and AD produced at E. Prove that EL = 2BL.

. Two isosceles triangles have equal vertical angles and their areas are in the ratio 16:25. Find
the ratio of their corresponding heights.
Q8. If the areas of two similar triangle are equal, prove that they are congruent.
Q9. In PQR, PD QR such that D lies on QR. If PQ=a, PR = b, QD = U and DR = d, prove that
(a+b) (a – b) = (c+d) (c – d).
Q10. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB||DC and AD = BC. Prove that
AC 2 – BC2 = AB CD
 Section –C
(Case Study based questions)

Q1. Class teacher draws the shape of a quadrilateral are board. Mohan observed the shape and
explained on his notebook in different ways as shown below:

(i) In fig. 1, if ABCD is a trapezium with AB||CD, E and F are points on non-parallel sides AD
and BC respectively such that EF||AB, then

(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these

(ii) In fig. 1, if AB||CD and DO = 3 , OB = , OC = and AO = 3, then the value of

can be
(a) 5 or 8 (b) 8 or 9 (c) 10 or 12 (d) 13 or 14
(iii) If fig. 1, if OD = , OB = 5 , OC = and AO = , then the value of is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(iv) In fig. 2, in ABC, if PQ||BC and AP = 2.4cm, AQ = 2cm, QC = 3cm and BC = 6cm, then AB
+ PQ is equal to
(a) 7.2cm (b) 5.9cm (c) 2.6cm (d) 8.4cm
(v) In fig. 2, in DEF, if RS||EF, DR = 4 , DS = , ER = 3 and FS = 5 , then
the value of is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 8 (d) 10
Class: X Subject: Mathematics Cycle: 7/8

Name of the chapter – Introduction to Trigonometry

Important Points of Learning

 In a right angled triangle,
(i) The side opposite to considered angle ( ) is the perpendicular.
(ii) The side adjacent to considered angle ( ) is the base.
(iii) The side opposite to angle 90 o is the hypotenuse.
 In a right angled triangle, the trigonometric ratios are defined as

(i) sin = (ii) cos

(iii) tan = (iv) cot

(v) sec =

(vi) cosec =

 (i) or cosec (ii) cos or cos sec

(iii) or tan (ii) tan and cot =

 (i) sin is an abbreviation for sine of angle o, it is not the product of sin and , sin cannot be
separated. Without angle, sin does not have any meaning.
(ii) Every t-ratio is a real number.
 Give below are all trigonometric ratios of 0 o, 30o, 45o, 60o, 90o together in the form of a table:
t-ratios 0o 30o 45o 60o 90o
sin √
0 1
√
cos √
1 0
√
tan 0 1 √ N.D.
√
cot
N.D. √ 1 0
√
sec
1 √ 2 N.D.
√
cosec
N.D 2 √ 1
√

 Trigonometric identities: (i) sin2 (ii) 1 + tan2 (iii) 1 + cot2

 Expressions of one-t-ratio in terms of other t-ratios

sin cos tan cot sec cosec

 sin sin √ √
√ √
cos √ cos √
√ √
tan √ √
√ tan √
cot √ √
√ √
sec √ √
√ sec √
cosec √ √
√ √ cosec

 If the sum of two angles is 90 o, then the two angles are called complementary angles. If one of
the angles, is , the other angle is (90o – ). Thus, we have
(i) sin (90o – ) = cos (ii) cos (90o – ) = sin
(iii) tan (90o – ) = cot (iv) cot (90o – ) = tan
(v) sec (90o – ) = cosec (vi) cosec (90 – ) = sec

Section –A
Q1. The maximum value of sin is:

(a) (b) √ (c) 1 (d)

√

Q2. If 3 cot , then the value of tan is:

(a) (b) (c) (d)
√ √

Q3. If the angle remains the same, the value of the trigonometric ratio of the angle.
(a) vary with the length of the sides of the triangle
(b) do not vary with the length of the sides of the triangle
(c) vary with the change in length of hypotenuse only
(d) do not vary with the change in length of hypotenuse only
Q4. Sec is always:
(a) less than one (b) less than or equal to one
(b) greater than one (d) greater than or equal to one
Q5. If sin cosy = 1, 30o and y is an acute angle than the value of y is:
(a) 15o (b) 30o (c) 45o (d) 60o
Q6. Which of the following is possible?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Q7. The value of (cosec2 1) tan2 is:

 (a) (b) (c) (d)
Q8. If √( ) and 0 < 90o, then k is:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Q9. In a right triangle, the hypotenuse is 2 time as long as its one side. One of the acute angle is:
(a) 45o (b) 30o (c) 75o (d) 25o
Q10. If sin , the value of sin4 is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d)

Q11. Evaluate : √ 30o sin 60o cos60o cos2 45o sin 45o tan 30o cosec3 45o
(a) 8 (b) 4√ (c) 8√ (d) √
Q12. If sin , then the value of 2 cot2 is:

(a) 6 (b) 9 (c) 18 (d) 4

Q13. If cos , then 2 sec2 tan2 is equal to:

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 4

Q14. If tan , then the value of (sinA + cosA) x secA is:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Q15. If and tanA = y, than is equal to :

(a) tanA (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) tanA

Section –B

Q1. If cosec , find the values of the other five trigonometric ratios.

Q2. If sin A = , prove that tan A + , if A is an acute angle.

Q3. If 3 cotA = 4. Prove that

Q4. In , right angled at B, AB = 21cm, AC – BC = 9cm. Determine the values of sin c and
cos c. , -

Q5. Evaluate, without using trigonometric table.

(a) tan 7o tan 23o tan 60o tan 67o tan 83o
( ) ( )
(b) sin A cos A - ( ) ( )

(c) cos (40o + ) – sin (50o + ) +

(d) sin (50o+ ) – cos (40o – ) + tan 1o tan 10o tan 20o tan 70o tan 80 tan 90o.
Q6. Prove: sin A (1 + tan A) + cos A (1 + cotA) = secA + cosec A.
Q7. Prove: tan2 + cot2 sec2 cosec2
Q8. Prove: sin6
Q9. If sec Prove that sec tan or

Q10. If 3 sin 5 cos , Prove that ( ) 3.

Q11. Prove the following identities:
(a) ( ) ( ) ( )
(b) ( )( ) tan
Q12. If tanA + sinA = m and tanA sinA = . Then show that √
Q13. Find the value of each of the following:
(i) sin2 45o (1 + cot2 45o) + cos2 45o (1 + tan2 45o) + sin2 20o + cos2 20o {3}
(ii) 4 (sin4 30o + cos4 60o) – 3 (cos2 45o – sin2 90o) {2}

(iii) + sin2 60o – 3 cos2 60o + 45o , -

(iv) (sin245o – tan245o)2 + 3 (sin290o + tan2 30o) , -

Q14. If and y = a sin cos , then prove that .

Q15. If (sec ) = p, prove that sin .

Section –C
(Case study based questions)
Q1. Two aeroplanes leave an airport, one after the other. After moving on runway, one flies due
North and other flies due South. The speed of two aeroplanes is 400 km/h and 500km/h
respectively. Considering PQ as runway and A and B are any two paints in the path followed
by two planes.
Then answer the following questions:

(i) Find tan ; if APQ =

(a) (b) (c) √ (d)

(ii) Find cot B

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(iii) Find tanA

(a) (b) √ (c) (d)
√
 (iv) Find secA
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(v) Find cosec B
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Class: X Subject: Mathematics Cycle: 09

Name of the chapter – Areas Related to circle

Important Points of Learning

For circle of radius r, we have
 For a circle:
(i) Perimeter/Circumference of a circle, C = (ii) Area of a circle, A =
 For a semicircle:

(i) Perimeter of a semicircle = ( ) (ii) Area of a semicircle,

 Quadrant of a circle:

(i) Perimeter of a quadrant of a circle = ( ) ( )

(ii) Area of a quadrant =

 Area of a ring : ( )( )
 Circular-wheel in Motion:

Number of revolution in 1 minute,

i.e.

 Length of an arc of a sector,

 Area of the sector (1st Form)

(2nd Form)

 Perimeter of a sector, P = ( )

 Area of a segment = (Area of the corresponding sector) – (Area of the corresponding )

(a) Area of a minor segment = * + (when is an acute )

= * + (when is an acute )

(b) Area of a major segment = (Area of the circle) – (Area of the minor segment)
[In the above, letters, etc. have been used in their usual meaning depending on
the context.]
 Section –A
Q1. If the perimeter of a circle is equal to that of a square, then the ratio of their areas is:
(a) 22:7 (b) 14:11 (c) 7:22 (d) 11:14
2
Q2. The area of a circular play ground is 22176 cm . Find the cost of fencing this ground at the
rate of 50 per metre.
(a) 650 (b) 355 (c) 460 (d) 264
Q3. If the difference between the circumference and the radius of a circle is 37cm, then using
the circumference (in cm) of the circle is:

(a) 154 (b) 44 (c) 14 (d) 7

Q4. If the circumference of a circle is 352m, then its area in square metres is:
(a) 5986 (b) 6589 (c) 7952 (d) 9856

Q5. The area of a quadrant of a circle whose circumference is 22cm, is: ( )

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Q6. The ratio of the areas of a circle and an equilateral triangle, whose diameter and side are
equal, is:
(a) √ (b) √ (c) √ (d)
Q7. The sum of the areas of two circle, which touch each other externally, is 153 . If the sum of
their radii is 15, then the ratio of the larger to the smaller radius is:
(a) 4:1 (b) 2:1 (c) 3:1 (d) None of these
Q8. In a circle of radius 35cm an arc subtends an angle of 30o at the centre. The length of the arc
is
(a) cm (b) cm (c) cm (d) None of these

Q9. The radius of a circle is 5cm. Find the area of the sector formed by an arc of this circle of
length 9cm.
(a) 45 cm2 (b) 22.5 cm2 (c) 67.5 cm2 (d) 2.25 cm2
Q10. The area of the sector of a circle of radius 6cm whose central angle is 30o, is : ( )
(a) 9.42 cm2 (b) 10.32 cm2 (c) 10.58 cm2 (d) 11.52 cm2
Q11. The area of a circular path of uniform width h surrounding a circular region of radius is:
(a) (2r + h) r (b) (2r + h) h (c) ( + r) r (d) ( )
Q12. The external and internal diameter of a circular path are 12m and 8m respectively. The area
of the circular path is:
(a) 9 m2 (b) 16 m2 (c) 20 m2 (d) 36 m2
Q13. A race track is in the form of a circular ring whose outer and inner circumference are 396m
and 352m respectively. The width of the track is:
(a) 63m (b) 56m (c) 7m (d) 3.5m
Q14. A steel wire when bent in the form of a square encloses an area of 121 cm 2. If the same wire
is bent in the form of a circle, than the circumference of the circle is:
 (a) 88cm (b) 44cm (c) 22cm (d) 11cm

Section –B
Q1. The diameter of a cycle wheel is 21cm. How many revolutions will it make in moving
1.32km? {2000}
Q2. A piece of wire that has been bent in the form of a semicircle including the bounding diameter
is straightened and then bent in the form of a square. The diameter of the semicircle is 14cm.
Which has a larger area, the semicircle or the square and by how much more?
{square, 4 cm2}
Q3. The circumference of a circular park is 660m. A 7m wide path surrounds it.
Find (i) cost of putting gravel on the path at the rate of Rs. 10per m 2.
(ii) the cost of fencing the outer boundary at the rate of Rs. 6 per metre. {4774m2, 4224}
Q4. The cost of turfing a uniform circular road in a circular garden at 20 paise per sq.m is
215.60 and the area of the garden is 1386 sqm. Find the width of the circular road. {7m}
Q5. A lawn is in the shape of a semicircle of diameter 7m. It is surrounded by a flowerbed of width
0.7m all around. Find the area of the flowerbed in m2.

Q6. In the given figure, ABC is a right triangle right angled at A. Semicircles are drawn on AB, AC
and BC as diameters. Find the area of shaded region. {6cm2}

Q7. The given diagram shows the floor of a hall with semicircular balcony. AE = 3.5m. the length
of the balcony up to C is 11.7cm. Calculate the area of the hall including the balcony.

, -
Q8. Find the area of the shaded region, if the side of the given square is 28cm and the radius of
each sector is half the length of the side of the square. {1708 cm2}

Q9. In the given figure, FDE is a quadrant. ABCD is a rectangle with BC = 6cm. CE = 2cm
calculate the area of the shaded region.
[use ]
{30.5 cm2}

Q10. Find the perimeter of shaded region where ADC, AEB and BFC are semicircle on diameters
AC, AB and BC respectively. {13.2 cm}

Section –C
(Case Study Based questions)

Q1. The Ashoka chakra is a depiction of Dharma chakra, a wheel represented with 24 spokes. It is
so called because it appears on a number of edicts of Ashoka Most prominent among which is
the lion capital of Ashoka. It is most visible in the middle of the flag of Indi a. This is also India‟s
highest peace time military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice.
 On the occasion of Independence Day, the students of our school made a huge flag with
Ashoka Chakra in the middle on the ground using flowers, colours and ribbons. The spokes
and outer edge of the chakra was made by ribbon. The length of the ribbon used in the outer
edge (circumference) was 440cm.

Based on your understanding of the above case study, answer all the five questions below:
(i) What is the radius of each spoke?
(a) 44cm (b) 70cm (c) 35cm (d) 140cm
(ii) What is the angle between two consecutive spokes?
(a) 30o (b) 60o (c) 15o (d) 45o
(iii) What is the total length of the ribbon used here for spokes and circumference?
(a) 680cm (b) 880cm (c) 1280cm (d) 2120cm
(iv) The area on the ground between two consecutive spokes is approximately?
(a) 642 cm2 (b) 542 cm2 (c) 532 cm2 (d) 442 cm2
(v) What will be the cost of flowering the total area inside the chakra at the rate of rupees 200
per m2?
(a) Rs. 154 (b) Rs. 400 (c) Rs. 308 (d) None
Q2. During summer vacation Mohini had gone to sea beach with her parents. There she noticed a
tall tower. She asked her father about the tower. Her father told that it is a Light House. She
wanted to know about its function. Her father told that it is a tower with a bright light at the top
located at an important or dangerous place regarding navigation. The two purposes of light
house are to serve as a navigational aid and to warn boats of dangerous areas. It is like traffic
signal.
To test her knowledge, her father asked the following questions. If the focus of light emitted by
it can travel up to 70km and the angle between two rays at the extreme ends is one sixth of a
complete angle, then -
 Based on your understanding of the above case study, answer all the five questions below:
(i) Find the angle between two rays OA and OB as shown in the figure
(a) 90o (b) 60o (c) 120o (d) 45o
(ii) Find the total area that it will cover on the surface of
(a) 600 sq. km (b) 300 sq. km (c) 600 sq.km (d) 300 sq.km
(iii) If OBXD is a sector of radius 1km, then what is the length of chord BD
(a) 2√ km (b) √ km (c) 1km (d) None

Class: X Subject: Mathematics Cycle: 09

Name of the chapter – Probability

Important Points of Learning

 Random experiments are those experiments which when repeated under similar conditions d o
not give the same result every time, but the result (outcome) is one of the several known
outcomes.
 The theoretical (classical) probability of an event E, written as P(E), is defined as

P(E) =

Here we assume that the outcomes of the experiment are equally likely.
 The probability of a sure event (or certain event) is 1.
 The probability of an impossible event is 0.
 The probability of an event E is a number P(E) such that 0 P€ 1.
 An event having only one outcome is called an elementary event.
 The sum of the probabilities of all the elementary events of an experiment is 1.
For event E, P(E) + P ( ̅ ) .
where P( ̅ ) stands for P(not E). E and ̅ are called complementary events.
 If the different outcomes of an experiment have the same chances of occurring, we say that the
outcomes are equality likely.

Section –A
Q1. An event is very unlikely to happen. Its probability is closest to:
 (a) 0.0001 (b) 0.01 (c) 0.01 (d) 0.1
Q2. The probability expressed as a percentage of a particular occurrence can never be
(a) less than 100 (b) less than 0
(c) greater than 1 (d) anything but a whole number
Q3. Which of the following cannot be the probability of an event?

(a) (b) 20% (c) 0.3 (d) 5/2

Q4. The probability of getting any day in a week is:

(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) 0

Q5. The probability of getting a numbers greater than 2 with a fair die is:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Q6. If in a lottery, there are 5 prizes and 20 blanks, then the probability of getting a prize is:

(a) (b) (c) (d) 1

Q7. Probability of getting exactly two heads on the tossing of two coins simultaneously is:

(a) (b) (c) (d) 1

Q8. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. The probability that the drawn card is not
a king is

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Q9. In a single throw of a die, the probability of getting a multiple of 2 is:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Q10. If probability of success is 0.9%, then probability of failure is:

(a) 0.91 (b) 0.091 (c) 99.1 (d) 0.991

Section –B
Q1. A die is thrown once. Find the probability of getting
(i) an even prime number
(ii) a multiple of 6
Q2. One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the probability of drawing:
(i) a king (ii) „2‟ of clubs
Q3. A card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of playing cards. Find the probability of drawing a
face card. {3/13}
Q4. It is known that a box of 1600 electric bulbs contain 80 defective bulbs. One blub is taken out
at random from this box. What is the probability that its is a non-defective bulb? , -

Q5. A class has 15 girls and 10 boys. The teacher calls on a student at random to answer a
question. Express in decimal form, the probability that a student called upon is (i) a girl (ii) a
boy (iii) a pupil in the class (iv) the teacher of the class.
Q6. A box contains 90 discs which are numbered from 1 to 90. If one disc is drawn at random from
the box, find the probability that it bears
(i) a two-digit number (ii) a perfect square number (iii) a number divisible by 5
Q7. Two coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting
(i) two heads (ii) at least one head
(iii) no head (iv) one head (v) at most one head
Q8. A game consists of touching a one rupee coin 3 times and noting its outcome each time
mohan wins if all the tosses given the same result i.e. three heads or three „tails, and loses
otherwise. Calculate the probability that mohan will lose the game.
{3/4}
Q9. Three unbiased coins are tossed together. Find the probability of
(i) one head (ii) two heads
(iii) all heads (iv) at least one head
(v) at least two heads (vi) at least one head one tail
(vii) all tails (viii) at most two heads
Q10. In a single throw of two dice, find the probability of
(i) getting a doublet of odd numbers
(ii) getting a sum greater than 10
(iii) not getting the same number on two dice
(iv) the sum as a prime number
Q11. In a single throw of three dice. Find the probability of getting a total of 17 or 18.
Q12. A number is selected at random from the numbers 2, 4, 4, 6, 6 , 6, 8, 8, 8, 8. Find the
probability that the selected number is their average.
Q13. In a family of 3 children, find the probability of having at least one boy.
Q14. A bag contains 24 balls of which are red, are white and are blue. A ball is selected at
random. What is the probability that the drawn ball is white or blue?
Q15. The king, queen and jack of spades are removed from a deck of 52 playing cards and then
reshuffled. one card is drawn from the remaining cards.
Find the probability of getting (i) a king (ii) a diamond (iii) a spade (iv) the „7‟ of clubs.
Section –C
(Case Study based questions)
Q1. Anita and Sunita are best friends. One day, they were playing a game with a pair of dice at
Sunita‟s house.
(i) What is the probability of winning at game by Anita, if she required a total of 7 for it?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

(ii) If to win the game, Sunita needs total of 8, then probability of her winning the game is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
 (iii) The probability of getting a total of at least 9 is
(a) (b) (c) (d)

(iv) The probability of getting a total divisible by 4 or 6 is

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(v) The probability of occurring 3 in at least one dies is

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Q2. Rahul goes to a store to purchase juice cartons for his shop. The store has 80 cartons of
litchis juice, 90 cartons of pineapple juice, 38 cartons of mango jui ce and 42 cartons of
banana juice. If Rahul chooses a carton at random, then answer the following questions:
(i) The probability that the selected carton is of pineapple juice is:
(a) (b) (c) (d)

(ii) The probability that the selected carton is not of litchi juice is:
(a) (b) (c) (d)

(iii) The probability of selecting a carton of banana juice is:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(iv) Rahul buys 4 cartons of pineapple juice, 3 cartons of litchi juice and 3 cartons of banana
juice. A customer comes to Rahul‟s shop and picks a tetra-pack of juice at random. The
probability that the customer picks a banana juice, if each carton has 10 tetra-packs of
juice, is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(v) If the store keeper bought 14 more cartons of pineapple juice, then the probability of
selecting a tetrapack of pineapple juice from the store is:
(a) (b) (c) (d)