KALKULUS I-ABF Slide 8

KALKULUS I
MUG1A4
Program Perkuliahan Dasar dan Umum
(PPDU)
Telkom University
1
• Aplikasi Integral
2
TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
• Menghitung luas daerah yang dibatasi oleh kurva
• Menentukan volume benda putar dengan menggunakan metoda
cincin dan kulit tabung
• Menghitung panjang kurva di bidang dan di ruang
4
7.1 Area Between Two Curves
a. Let D  ( x, y ) | a  x  b, 0  y  f ( x)
Area of region D = ?
f(x) Steps :
1. Divided D into n pieces, the area of each pieces
is approximated by area of rectangular
D with height f(x) and length of base x
A  f ( x)x
a x b
2. The area of D is approximated by sum area of rectangular .

If x  ,0 The area of D is b
A= f ( x)dx a
Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology
5
Example : Find the area of region that is bounded by

x axis , and xy=2.x ,
2
parabola
Area of pieces
yx 2 A  x 2 x
x2 Area of region
2 2
x 2 1 3 8
A   x dx  x  
2
0
3 0 3
Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut

of Technology
6
b) Let D  ( x, y ) | a  x  b, g ( x)  y  h( x)
h(x)
D h(x)-g(x) Steps:
1. Divided D into n pieces, the area of each pieces is
g(x) approximated by area of rectangular with height
h(x)-g(x) and length of base x
a x b
A  (h( x)  g ( x)) x
2. The area of D is approximated by sum of area rectangular .
If x  0, The area of D is
b
A=
 (h( x)  g ( x))dx
a

7
Example: Find the area of region that is bounded by y = x+4

and parabola y  x  2
2
The straight line and parabola intersects

at
( x  4)  ( x  2)
2 x  4  x2  2
y  x2  2
x2  x  6  0
y=x+4 ( x  3)( x  2)  0
-2
x 3
x = -2, x = 3
Area of pieces
A  (( x  4)  ( x 2  2)) x

8
Area of region :
3 3
A   (( x  4)  ( x 2  2)) dx   ( x 2  x  6)dx
2 2
3
1 3 1 2  125
  x  x  6 x 
3 2  2 6

9
Example : Find the area of region that is bounded by x axis,
y  x2 And y = -x + 2
Answer
Intersection points
x2  x  2 x2  x  2  0 ( x  2)( x  1)  0
x = -2, x = 1
If pieces is vertical , then region must be

divided into 2 sub region
y  x2
y=-x+2 Area of pieces I
A1  x 2 x
x1 x 2 Area of pieces II
A2  ( x  2)x
10
The area of region I
1
1
A1   x dx  x | 
2 1
3
3 1
0
0
3
The area of region II
2
A2    x  2 dx   12 x 2  2 x |12
1
1
 ( 2  4 )  (   2 )  1
2
2
The area of region
1 1 5
A  A1  A2   
3 2 6
11
c). Let D  ( x, y ) | c  y  d , g ( y )  x  h( y )
d
D
g(y)
h(y)

yy Langkah :
h(y)-g(y)
1. Divided D into n pieces, the area of each pieces is
c approximated by area of rectangular with height
h(y)-f(y) and length of base
y
A  (h( y )  g ( y )) y
2. The area of D is approximated by sum area of rectangulars .
If y  0, The area of D is
A=  (h( y)  g ( y)) dy
c

12
Example: Find the area of region that is bounded by x  3  y2

and y  x 1
Answer : The intersection point between
parabola and straight line are
y  x 1 y 1  3  y2
1
y2  y  2  0
y ( y  2)( y  1)  0
(3  y 2 )  ( y  1) y = -2 dan y = 1
x  3  y2 Area of pieces
-2
A  ((3  y 2 )  ( y  1)) y

13
The area of region is :

1 1
L   ((3  y 2 )  ( y  1)) dy   ( y 2  y  2)dy
2 2
1
1 3 1 2  9
  y  y  2 y  .
3 2  2 2

14
7.2 Volume of a Solid of Revolution

7.2.1 Volumes by the Method of Disks and Washers
a. The Region D  ( x, y ) | a  x  b , 0  y  f ( x) is revolved around

the x-axis
f(x)
a b
Region D Solid of revolution

? volume of a solid of revolution
15
If the rectangular slice with height f(x)

f(x)
and length of base xis revolved
around x-axis we will get a circular
disk with heightx and radius f(x).
D
thus
a x b
V   f 2 ( x) x
f(x)
b
V    f 2 ( x) dx
a
x
16
Example: The region D is bounded by y  ,xx-axis, and

2
line x = 2. Find the volume of solid that is generated by

rotating region D around the x-axis.
If the slice is revolved around x-axis we get

2
A circular disk with radius x and height x
y  x2
x2 thus
x 2 V   ( x 2 ) 2 x   x 4 x
volume of a solid of revolution :
x2  5 2 32
2
V    x dx  x | 0  
4
0
5 5
x Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology
17
b. The region D  ( x, y ) | c  y  d , 0  x  g ( y )
is revolved around y-axis
d
d
x=g(y)
D
c c
Region D Solid of revolution

18
If the rectangular slice with height g(y) and

length of basey is revolved around y-axis
we will get a circular disk with height andy
d radius g(y).
y x=g(y)
D thus
c
V   g 2 ( y ) y
g ( y) d
V    g 2 ( y ) dy
y
c

19
Example: The region D is bounded by y , xy-axis,2

and
line y = 4. Find the volume of solid that is generated by
rotating region D around the y-axis.
If the slice is revolved around y-axis we get

4 A circular disk with radius y and height y
y
y y  x2 x y thus
V   ( y ) 2 y   y y
 2 4
4
V    ydy  y | 0  8
y
2
y 0

20
c. The Region D  ( x, y ) | a  x  b , g ( x)  y  h( x)

is revolved around x-axis
h(x)
g(x)
a b
Region D
Solid of revolution
21
If the rectangular slice with height h(x)-g(x)

h(x) and length of base xis revolved around
x-axis we will get a annular ring. The ring has
D inner radius g(x), outer radius h(x),
and heightx
g(x)
a x b thus
h(x) x V   (h 2 ( x)  g 2 ( x)) x
g(x) b
V    (h 2 ( x)  g 2 ( x)) dx
a

22
Example: The region D is bounded by y  x, 2x-axis, and

rotating region D around y = -1.
If the slice is revolved around y = -1 we get

an annular ring with inner radius 1 and outer
radius
1 x2
y  x2 thus
D 1 x2 V   (( x 2  1) 2  12 )x
x 2
1   ( x 4  2 x 2  1  1)x
y=-1
  ( x 4  2 x 2 )x
2
V    x 4  2 x 2 dx   ( 15 x 5  23 x 3 |02 )   ( 325  163 )  186
15 
0
23
7.2.2 Volumes by the Method of Cylindrical Shells

The region D  ( x, y ) | a  x  b , 0  y  f ( x)
is revolved around y-axis
f(x)
a b
Region D
Solid of revolution

24
Let the slice are rectangular with height f(x),

length of base is x, and its distance from y
axis is x. If this slice is revolved around y-axis
f(x)
we will get a thin cylindrical shell of radius x,
height f(x), and thickness x
D
a x b so its volume is
x
x
V  2 x f ( x) x
f(x)
b
x
V  2  xf ( x)dx
a
25
Example: The region D is bounded by y  ,xx-axis, and

2

rotating region D around y-axis.
If the slice is revolved around y-axis we get

2
a thin cylindrical shell of radius x, height , x
y  x2 and thickness x
x2 thus
D
x
x 2 V  2 x x 2 x  2 x 3 x
2
 4 2
V  2  x 3 dx  x | 0  8
0
2

26
Remark :
- The method of disks and washer
The slices are perpendicular to rotating axis

- The method of Cylindrical Shells
The slices are parallel to rotating axis

27
7.3 THE LENGTH OF CURVE

A parameter form of curve on R2
x = f(t) ,a  t  b (1)
y = g(t)
Point A(f(a),g(a)) is called original point and B(f(b),g(b)) is called

terminal point of curve.
Definition : A curve is called smooth if
(i) f' and g' are continuous on [a,b]
(ii) f' and g' is not zero at the same time on (a,b)

28
Let a curve on parameter form (1), we will find length of that curve
Steps
1. Divided interval [a,b] into n subintervals
a  t o  t1  t 2  ...  t n  b
Qi 1
● ●Qi Qn
Qo ●
● ● ● ● ●
a t1 t i 1 t i t n 1 b Q1●
A partition on [a,b]
A partition on curve

29
2. Approximate length of curve
si length of arc Qi 1Qi
wi length of line segment Qi 1Qi

si Qi
The length of arc is approximated by length of line
segment
wi y i
si  wi
 (xi ) 2  (y i ) 2
Qi 1 xi
 [ f (t i )  f (t i 1 )] 2  [ g (t i )  g (t i 1 )] 2
We apply mean value theorem to function f and g.
There târe
i , t i  (t i 1 , t i )
, such that
f (t i )  f (t i 1 )  f ' (t i )t
g (t i )  g (t i 1 )  g ' (tî )t
30
where t i  t i  t i 1
so
wi  [ f ' (ti )ti ]2  [ g ' (tî )ti ]2
 [ f ' (ti )]2  [ g ' (tî )]2 ti
The length of curve is approximated by length of polygonal arc

n
L   [ f ' (ti )]2  [ g ' (tî )]2 ti
i 1
If ||P||  0, the length of curve is
b
L   [ f ' (t )]2  [ g ' (t )]2 dt
a

31
Remark:
For curve y=f(x), a xb
b b
dx 2 dy 2
L   [ f ' (t )]  [ g ' (t )] dt
2 2
 [ ]  [ ] dt
a
dt dt
a
b 2 b 2
dx 2  dy   dy 
 ( ) (1    )dt   1    dx
a
dt  dx  a  dx 
For curve x=g(y), c yd

d d
dx 2 dy 2
L   [ f ' (t )]  [ g ' (t )] dt   [ ]  [ ] dt
2 2
c c
dt dt
dy 2   dx  
2 2
d d
 dx 
 ( ) 1    dt   1    dy
dt   dy    dy 
c   c

32
Example : Find length of curve
1. x  t3, y  t2; 0  t  4
x' (t )  3t 2 , y ' (t )  2t
The length of curve
4 4 4
L   (3t 2 ) 2  (2t ) 2 dt   9t 4  4t 2 dt   t 2 (9t 2  4)dt

0 0 0
4 4
d (9t 2  4)
  t 9t  4 dt 2
  t (9t  4)2 1/ 2
0 0
18t
 181 23 (9t 2  4) 3 / 2 |04  1

27 (40 40  8)  1
27 (80 10  8)

3/ 2 1
33
2. y  2x ,  x  7
3
Answer :
dy
 3x1 / 2
dx
7 7 7
 1  3x  dx  
1/ 2 2
L 1  9 x dx 
  d (1  9 x)
1/ 2
1
9 (1 9 x )
1/ 3 1/ 3 1/ 3
 2
27 (1  9 x) 3 / 2 |17/ 3  2
27 (512  8)  37 13

34
Problems
A. Sketch and find area of region that is bounded by
1. y  x 2 and y  x  2
2. y  x , y   x, and y  8
3
3. y = x , y = 4x , y = -x +2
4. y = sin x, y = cos x, x = 0 , x = 2.
5. x  2 y  7  0 and y 2  6 y  x  0

35
B. Find the volume of solid that is generated by rotating region

that is bounded by curves below around x-axis
1. y  x , y  0, and x  2
3
2. y  9  x 2 and y  0
3. y  x and y  4 x2
4. y = sin x, y = cos x, x = 0 , x = /4

5. y  x 3 and y  x, in the first kuadrant

36
C. Region D is bounded by y  x and x = 2y. Find the volume

of solid that is generated by rotating region D around
(1) x-axis (4) y-axis

(2) line x = -1 (5) line y = -2
(3) line y = 4 (6) line x = 4
D. Region D is bounded by parabola y  4 x  x and line x+ y = 4.

2
Find the volume of solid that is generated by rotating region D around
(1) x-axis (3) y-axis

(2) line x = 6 (4) line y = -1

37
E. Find length of curves
1. x  4 sin t , y  4 cos t  5; 0  t  
2. x  3t 2  2, y  2t 3  1 / 2; 1  t  4
1
3. y  ( x 2  2) 3 / 2 , 0  x  1
3
x 2 ln x
4. y  , 2 x4
2 4
5. y  ln(1  x 2 ), 0  x  1 / 2
1
6. x  y ( y  3), 0  y  9
3

Terima Kasih
38

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KALKULUS I

7.1 Area Between Two Curves

2. The area of D is approximated by sum area of rectangular .

Example : Find the area of region that is bounded by

Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut

Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology

Example: Find the area of region that is bounded by y = x+4

The straight line and parabola intersects

Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology

Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology

Example : Find the area of region that is bounded by x axis,

If pieces is vertical , then region must be

Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology

Example: Find the area of region that is bounded by x  3  y2

Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology

The area of region is :

Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology

7.2 Volume of a Solid of Revolution

a. The Region D  ( x, y ) | a  x  b , 0  y  f ( x) is revolved around

Region D Solid of revolution

If the rectangular slice with height f(x)

Example: The region D is bounded by y  ,xx-axis, and

line x = 2. Find the volume of solid that is generated by

If the slice is revolved around x-axis we get

is revolved around y-axis

Region D Solid of revolution

? volume of a solid of revolution

Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology

If the rectangular slice with height g(y) and

Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology

Example: The region D is bounded by y , xy-axis,2

If the slice is revolved around y-axis we get

Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology

c. The Region D  ( x, y ) | a  x  b , g ( x)  y  h( x)

If the rectangular slice with height h(x)-g(x)

Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology

Example: The region D is bounded by y  x, 2x-axis, and

If the slice is revolved around y = -1 we get

7.2.2 Volumes by the Method of Cylindrical Shells

? volume of a solid of revolution

Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology

Let the slice are rectangular with height f(x),

Example: The region D is bounded by y  ,xx-axis, and

line x = 2. Find the volume of solid that is generated by

If the slice is revolved around y-axis we get

Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology

- The method of disks and washer

The slices are perpendicular to rotating axis

Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology

7.3 THE LENGTH OF CURVE

Point A(f(a),g(a)) is called original point and B(f(b),g(b)) is called

Definition : A curve is called smooth if

(i) f' and g' are continuous on [a,b]

Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology

1. Divided interval [a,b] into n subintervals

Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology

2. Approximate length of curve

si length of arc Qi 1Qi

wi length of line segment Qi 1Qi

wi  [ f ' (ti )ti ]2  [ g ' (tˆi )ti ]2

 [ f ' (ti )]2  [ g ' (tˆi )]2 ti

The length of curve is approximated by length of polygonal arc

Calculus I (MA 1114) - Faculty of Science Telkom Institut of Technology

For curve x=g(y), c yd