SOLVED SUBJECTIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1 :
Find the area bounded by y = x |sinx| and x-axis between x = 0, x = 2 .

Solution:

 x sin x, if sin x  0, i.e., 0  x  

y
 x sin x,if sin x  0, i.e.,   x  2
 2 

Required area =  x sin x dx   ( x sin x) dx  x ( cos x) 0   ( cos x) dx
0  0
y
2 y= x
2
 (x( cos x))    ( cos x) dx


2

   sin x 0
 (2   )  sin x  4 sq. units


O 2  x
Example 2 :
If the line y = mx divides the area enclosed by the lines x = 0, y = 0, x = 3/2 and the curve
y = 1 + 4x – x2 into two equal parts, then find the value of m.
Solution:
The given curve is y – 5 = – (x – 2)2
Thus given curve is a parabola with vertex at (2, 5) and axis x = 2
Given that area CBFC = Area CDEBC
So area CDEBFC = 2 Area CBFC
3/ 2
Area CDEBFC   (1  4x  x 2 )dx
0 y
y = mx
3/ 2 E
x3 3  9  9 39
 x  2x 2    2    sq. units
D
B
3 2 4 8 8
0

3/ 2 C F x
9m
Area CBFC   mxdx  x = 3/2
0
4 y = 1 + 4x – x
2

39 18m 13
So we must have  or m 
8 8 6
Example 3 :
Find out the area enclosed by the polynomial function of least degree satisfying
1/ x
 f (x) 
lim 1  3  = e and the circle x2 + y2 = 2 above the axis
x 0  x 
Solution:
1/ x
 f (x) 
Since lim 1  3  exists and f(x) is of least degree, so f(x) must be of the form f(x) = ax4,
x 0  x 
solving the limit we get a = 1, so f(x) = x4 . Hence we have two curves
y = x4 ... (i)

y  2  x2 ... (ii)

Solving we get, 2  x 2  x 4  x8  x 2  2  0 y = x4

 (x2 – 1) (x6 + x4 + x2 + 2) = 0
y = 2 - x2
 x2 – 1 = 0  x =  1
Required area
–1 1 x
1
2
0
 2  x 2  x 4 dx 
1
x 2 x x5  1  1  3  
2 2  x 2  sin 1    2         sq. units.
 2 2 2 5 
0
2 4 5  5 2 

Example 4 :

Find out the area enclosed by y = x2 + cosx and its normal at x = in the first quadrant.
2
Solution:
f(x) = x2 + cos x  f (x) = 2x – sinx

 f ( )    1
2

Equation of normal at x = is P
2 (0, 1)A
 2  1  
 y    x   O Q R x
 4  1   2
 (  1) 2 
at x axis, y = 0  x  
4 2
Required area = area OAPQO + area of triangle PQR
/2
1  (  1)  2     2
  (x 2  cos x) dx      
0
2  4 2 2  4

/2
 x3  (  1) 2
   sin x  
 3  0 8

 3     1   2 3 4
 
=  24 1      1     1
  8 4 24 32

5  4 3
=   1.
32 32 24

Example 5 :
 x3 x

Find out the ratio of areas in which the function f(x) = 100 35  divides the circle

 
x2 + y2 – 4x + 2y + 1 = 0 ([.] denotes the greatest integer function).
Solution:
Circle is x2 + y2 – 4x + 2y + 1 = 0

Y
(x –2)2+ (y + 1) 2= 4

X
(2 - 3, 0)
(2 + 3, 0)

f(x) = 0 for 0 < x < 4

or, (x – 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 4 = 22 ... (i)

Now for 0  x  4

x3 x  x3 x 
0  1    0
100 35 100 35 
So, the circle have to find out the ratio in which x axis divides the circle (i). Now, at x-axis, y = 0.
So, (x–2)2 = 3
 So, the circle cuts the x axis at the points (2 – 3 , 0) and (2 + 3 , 0)

2 3
Let A  
2 3
 
4  (x  2) 2  1 dx 
4  3 3
3

A 4  3 3
The required ratio is 
4  A 8  3 3

Example 6 :
Find the area of the figure enclosed by the curve 5x2 + 6xy + 2y2 + 7x + 6y + 6 = 0

Solution:
Equation of curve can be re-written as
2y2 + 6(1 + x) y + 5x2 + 7x + 6 = 0
3(1  x)  (3  x) (x  1) 3(1  x)  (3  x) (x  1)
y1  , y2 
2 2
Therefore the curves (y1 and y2) are defined for values of x for which (3 – x) (x – 1)  0
i.e., 1  x 3
(Actually the given equation denotes an ellipse, because   0 and h2 < ab).
Required area will be given by
1 2 3
3 3 O x
A   (y1  y 2 ) dx  A   (3  x) (x  1) dx
y2
1 1 –3
Put x = 3 cos2  + sin2  i.e., dx = – 2sin2  d  y1
–6
/ 2 y

A2  sin 2 2 d  sq. units
0
2

Example 7 :
Find the area enclosed between the curves

1
y = ln (x + e), x = ln   and x-axis.
y
Solution:
Given curves are y = ln (x + e)
1
and x = ln   or, x = –ln y
y
x
1
or, y=e –x
or, y   
e
 Clearly the two curves cut at x = 0
Y
Graph of curves (i) and (ii) will be as shown in the figure.
1 y = ln(x + e)
x = –e
Required area = shaded area   (x1  x2 )dy C
y = e–x
0

x’ B A O x
1
(1 – e, 0)
  [  ln y  (e y  e)]dy
0
Y’
1 1
   (y ln y – y)  e y  ey     y ln y  y  e y  ey 
 0  0

 
 (0  1  e  e)  (0  0  1  0)  lim y log y  0  = 1 + 1 = 2 sq. units.
 y 0 
Example 8 :
Find the area enclosed by the parabola (y – 2)2 = x – 1, the tangent to the parabola at (2, 3) and
the x-axis.
Solution:
Given parabola is (y – 2)2 = x – 1 ... (i)
y
Its axis is y = 2 and vertex is (1, 2). Let P  (2, 3) .
y=3
dy dy 1
From (i), 2(y – 2) 1   y=2 P (2, 3)
dx dx 2(y  2)
A (1, 2)
dy 1 O x
At P (2, 3),  Q(–4, 0) R (5, 0)
dx 2
 Equation of tangent at P(2, 3) is
1
y–3= (x  2)
2
or, x  2y  4  0 ... (ii)
Line (ii) cuts the x-axis at (–4, 0) and y-axis at (0, 2).
3
Required area, RQPAR =  (x1  x 2 ) dy
0

3 3
  [(y  2) 1  (2y  4)]dy   (y 2  6y  9)dy
2

0 0

3
 y3 
   3y 2  9y  = (9 – 27 + 27) – 0 = 9 sq. units.
 3  0
Example 9 :
Find the area of the region bounded by the curves y = f(x), y = |g(x)| and the lines x = 0, x = 2,
where f and g are continuous functions satisfying f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) – 8xy for all x, y  R
and g(x + y) = g(x) + g(y) + 3xy (x + y) for all x, y  R . also f  (0)  8 and g(0)   4
Solution:
Given, f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) – 8xy for all x, y
Putting x = 0 and y = 0, we get
f(0) = f(0) + f(0)  f(0) = 0
f (x  h)  f (x)
f (x)  lim
h 0 h
f (x  h)  f (x  0)
 lim
h 0 h
f (x)  f (h)  8xh  f (x)  f (0)  8x.0
 lim
h 0 h
f (h)  f (0)
 lim  8x  f  (0)  8x
h 0 h
Thus f  (x)  8  8x [f  (0)  8]
Integrating both sides, we get
f(x) = 8x – 4x2 + c ... (2)
Putting x = 0, we get f(0) = 0 + c  c = 0 [ f (0)  0]
Hence f(x) = 8x – 4x2 ... (3)
Given g(x + y) = g(x) + g(y) + 3xy (x + y) for all x and y
Putting x = y = 0, we get g(0) = 0 ... (4)
g(x  h)  g(x) g(x  h)  g(x  0)
Now g(x)  lim  lim
h 0 h h0 h

 g(h)  g(0) 
 lim   3x 2  3xh 
h 0  h 

 g(0)  3x 2  4  3x 2 [g(0)   4]
Thus g  ( x ) = – 4 + 3x2 ... (5)
 g(x) = – 4x + x3 + k
Putting x = 0, we get g(0) = k
 k = 0 [ g(0)  0]
 g(x) = x3 – 4x ... (6)
For points where y = f(x) and y = g(x) intersect,
 8x – 4x2 = x3 – 4x
 x3 + 4x2 – 12 x = 0
 x = 0, 2, – 6
Sign scheme for f(x) i.e., for (8x – 4x2) is
– 
–ve 0 +ve –ve
2 Y
Sign scheme for g(x) i.e. for x(x2 – 4) is
– 
–ve +ve
–2 +ve 0 –ve 2
2 3
f(x) – |g(x)| = 8x – 4x – (4x – x ) ( g(x)  0 in [0, 2]) y = f(x)
= x3 – 4x2 + 4x = x(x – 2)2  0
y = |g(x)|
Area bounded by y = f(x) and y = |g(x)| X
O (2, 0)
between x = 0 and x = 2
2 2
  (y1  y2 ) dx   [(8x  4x 2 )  (4x  x 3 )]dx
0 0

2
4
  (x 3  4x 2  4x) dx  sq. units .
0
3

Example 10 :
Find the area enclosed by the circle x2 + y2 = 4, the parabola y = x2 + x + 1, the curve
 x x
y  sin 2  cos  and the x-axis, (where [x] denotes the integral part of x).
 4 4
Solution:
Equation of given circle is x2 + y2 = 4 ... (1)
 – 2  x  2 and – 2  y  2
x x x x
Let z = sin2  cos = 1 – cos2  cos
4 4 4 4
x
= 1 + t – t2 , where t = cos
4
1 x 1
Now –  
2 4 2
5
 0<t  1  1 z 
4
 2x x
for x  [ 2, 2], curve y = sin  cos  becomes y = 1 ... (2)
 4 4
Given parabola is
y = x2 + x + 1 ... (3)
2
 1 3
or, x   y ... (4)
 2 4

1  1 3
Its axis is x    , .
and vertex is
2  2 4
Now, we have to find out the area enclosed by the circle x2 + y2 = 4, y
(0, 2)
2 Q A
 3  1 P E B
parabola  y     x   , line y = 1 and x-axis
 4  2 T D
S R U O C (2, 0) x
(–2, 0) – 3 - 1- 1
2
T S R U D
(–2, 0) ( 3, 0) (–1, 0) (–1/2, 0) (2, 0)

Required area is shown as shaded region in the figure.

Hence required area = area OABCO + area PQRS + area RQEAOR + 2 area CBDC.
0 2

 
2
= 3 1  ( 3  1) 1   (x  x  1) dx  2 4  x 2 dx
1 3

0 2
 x3 x 2  x 1  x  

 2 3 1   
 3
 2
 x  2 
 1 2
2
4  x  2sin   
 2  3

  1 1    3 2  
 
 2 3  1   0      1   2
  3 2 
 (0  )  
 2

3
 
  

5 2

 2 3 1  
6 3

 3

 2 1
  3   sq. units .
 3 6
 SOLVED OBJECTIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1 :
Area enclosed by the curve |x –2| + |y + 1| = 1 is equal to
(A) 4 sq. units (B) 6 sq. units
(C) 2 sq. units (D) 8 sq. units
Solution:
After shifting the origin at the point (2, –1) the equation of curve becomes, |x| + |y| = 1. This curve
will represent a square as shown in the adjacent figure.
y

y-x=1 x+y=1

C A
O

x + y = –1 x–y=1

D
Area of this square is clearly equal to 4 times the area of triangle OAB. Thus required area = 2 sq.
units.
Example 2 :
Area bounded by the curves y = |x| – 2 and y = 1 – |x–1| is equal to
(A) 4 sq. units (B) 6 sq. units
(C) 2 sq. units (D) 8 sq. units
Solution:
A(1, 1)
Bounded figure ABCD is a rectangle.
B y = |x| –2
AB  1  1  2
–2 –1 0 1 2
BC  4  4  2 2 y = 1 – |x –1|

Thus, bounded area = ( 2) (2 2 ) = 4 sq. units. D

–2 C
Example 3 :

Area bounded by the curve y = max{sinx, cosx} and x-axis, between the lines x  and x = 2
4
is equal to
(4 2  1)
(A) sq. units (B) (4 2  1) sq.units
2

(4 2  1)
(C) sq. units (D) None of these
2
Solution:
Bold lines represents the graph of y = max{sinx, cosx}.
Required area,
y
 5 / 4
  sin x dx   sin x dx
/4  y = sin x
 
3 / 2 2 O /4  x
  cos xdx   cos x dx y = cos x 
5 / 4 3 / 2

(4 2  1)
 sq.units
2

Example 4 :
Area bounded by the parabola y = x2 – 2x + 3 and tangents drawn to it from the point P(1, 0) is
equal to
4 2
(A) 4 2 sq. units (B) sq. units
3
8 2 16
(C) sq. units (D) 2 sq. units
3 3
Solution:
Let the drawn tangents be PA and PB. AB is clearly the chord of contact of point P. Thus equation
1
of AB is . (y  0) = x.1 – (2 + 1) + 3 i.e., y = 4
2
x coordinates of points A and B will be given by,
x2 – 2x + 3 = 4 i.e., x2 – 2x –1 = 0
 x=1  2
y = x2 – 2x + 3
Thus AB = 2 2 units.
1
Hence  PAB  (2 2).4  4 2 sq. units
2 y=4
Now area bounded by line AB and parabola is equal to A B
1 2

 (4 2  (x 2  2x  3)) dx
1 2
P(1, 0) x
4 2
= sq. units.
3
4 2 8 2
Thus required area = 4 2   sq. units.
3 3
Example 5 :

Area bounded by the curves y = sinx, tangent drawn to it at x = 0 and the line x = , is equal to
2

2  4 2  4
(A) sq. units (B) sq. units
2 4

2  2 2  2
(C) sq.units (D) sq. units
4 2
Solution:
The tangent drawn to y = sinx at x = 0 is the line y = x. Clearly the line y = x lies above the graph
 
of y = sinx x   0,  .
 2

/ 2 / 2
 x2  2  4
Thus required area    (x  sin x) dx  
 2
 cos x 

 sq. units.
0  0 4

Example 6 :
If A(n) represents the area bounded by the curve y = n. lnx, where n  N and n > 1, the x-axis and
the lines x = 1 and x = e, then the value of A(n) + nA(n–1) is equal to

n2 n2
(A) (B)
e 1 e 1
(C) n2 (D) en2
Solution:

e  e 
e
A(n) = n  l n x dx  n  ln x.x 
1 
dx   n  A(n – 1) = (n – 1)
 
1  1 
 A(n) + nA(n – 1) = n + n(n – 1) = n2

Example 7 :
Value of the parameter a such that the area bounded by y = a2 x2 + ax + 1, coordinate axes and the
line x = 1, attains it’s least value, is equal to
1 1
(A) – (B) –
4 2
3
(C)  (D) –1
4
Solution:
a2x2 + ax + 1 is clearly positive for all real values of x. Area under consideration
1
a2 a
   (a 2 x 2  ax  1) dx   1
0
3 2

1
 (2a 2  3a  6)
6

1  3 9  18   2 
  2  a 2  a    6   = 1  2  a  3   39 
6  2 16  16  6   4 8 

3
which is clearly minimum for a = – .
4

Example 8 :
Area of the region which consists of all the points satisfying the conditions |x – y| + |x + y|  8 and
xy  2, is equal to
(A) 4(7 – ln8) sq. units (B) 4 (9 – ln8) sq. units
(C) 2(7 – ln8) sq. units (D) 2 (9 – ln 8) sq. units
Solution:
The expression |x – y| + |x + y|  8, represents the interior region of the square formed by the lines
x   4, y   4 and xy  2 represents the region lying inside the hyperbola xy = 2.
Required area, y y=x
y=4
4 C B
 2 4
  2   4   dx  2  4x  2 l n x 
x 1/ 2
1/ 2 
x
= 4(7 – 3 ln2) sq. units
x = –4
x=4

y = –x
D y = –4 A

Example 9 :
A point P moves in xy plane in such a way that [|x|] + [|y|] = 1, where [.] denotes the greatest integer
function. Area of the region representing all possible positions of the point P is equal to
(A) 4 sq. units (B) 16 sq. units

(C) 2 2 sq. units (D) 8 sq. units

Solution:
y
If [|x|] = 1 and [|y|] = 0 2

then 1  | x |  2, 0  | y |  1
 x  ( 2,  1]  [1, 2), y  ( 1,1) 1
if [|x|] = 0, [|y|] = 1
–2 –1 1 2
Then x  ( 1, 1), y (2,  1]  [1, 2] O x

Area of required region

–1
= 4(2 – 1) (1 – (–1)) = 8 sq. units.

–2
Example 10 :

1 t 2 2t
Area enclosed by the curve y = f(x) defined parametrically as x  2
, y is equal to
1 t 1 t2
(A)  sq.units (B)  / 2 sq. units

3 3
(C) sq. units (D) sq. units
4 2
Solution:
Clearly t can be any real number

1  tan 2 
Let t  tan   x 
1  tan 2 
 x  cos 2

2 tan 
and y   sin 2
1  tan 2 
 x2 + y2 = 1
Thus required area = .12   sq. units.