II Puc Maths Passing Package 2021

PRAGATHI PU COLLEGE , KADUGODI , BLR-67
PASSING PACKAGE – 2020-2021 (upto 54 markes)

(Any six units)
1.RELATION & FUNCTION
1. Let A = R – {3} and B = R – {1}. Consider the function 𝒇 ∶ 𝑨 → 𝑩 defined by
𝒙−𝟐
𝒇(𝒙) = (𝒙−𝟑). Is f one-one and onto? Justify your answer.
x2
Sol: Given f  x   ,
x3
One-One: Let x1 , x2  A  f  x1   f  x2 
x1  2 x2  2
 
x1  3 x2  3
  x1  2  x2  3   x2  2  x1  3
 x1 x2  3x1  2 x2  6  x1 x2  3x2  2 x1  6
 3x1  2 x2  3x2  2 x1  0
 x1  x2  f is one-one function
x2
Onto: f  x   y , y  B  y
x3
 x  2  y  x  3
 x  2  yx  3 y
 x  yx  2  3 y
2  3y
 x 1  y   2  3 y  x  ∈ 𝐴 (writing ∈ 𝑨 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕)
1 y
 2  3y   2  3y 
 Corresponding to each y  B there exists    A such that f   y.
 1 y   1 y 
(This step is important while showing Onto )
 f is onto function  f is a bijective function
2. State whether the function is one-one, onto or bijective. Justify your answer.
𝒇 ∶ 𝑹 → 𝑹 defined by 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝟑 – 𝟒𝒙
Sol: Given f  x   3  4 x, x  R
One-One: Let x1 , x2  R  f  x1   f  x2   3  4 x1  3  4 x2  x1  x2
 f is one-one function
y 3
Onto: f  x   y , y  R  3  4x  y x
∈ 𝑅(writing ∈ 𝑹 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕)
4
3 y
 corresponding to every y  R there exists x  R
4
such that f(x) = y.(writing this step while showing onto is necessary)
y 3
 f is onto function x
4
 f is a bijective function
RK 7204892075 1
3. State whether the function is one-one, onto or bijective. Justify your answer. 𝒇 ∶
𝑹 → 𝑹 defined by 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐
Sol: Given f  x   1  x , x  R
2
One-One: Let x1 , x2  R
 f  x1   f  x2 
 1  x12  1  x22  x12  x22 ( Don’t Cancel Squares on Both sides it is wrong )
  x12  x22   0
  x1  x2  x1  x2   0  x1   x2  f is not one-one function
Onto: f  x   y , y  R  1  x  y  x  y  1 ∉ 𝑹 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒚 < 𝟏;

2
 f is not onto function

(Or)
f(x) = 1 + x 2
Here f 1  1  1  2
Also f  1  1  1  2
 f 1  f  1  1  1
i.e., f  x1   f  x2   x1  x2
 f is not one-one
Range of f  1,   R
( Range of f contains only those real numbers greater than or equal to 1.)
 Range of f  codomain of f.
 f is not onto.
Thus f is neither one-one nor onto.
Range  Co-domain  f is not a bijective function
4. Show that the function 𝒇 ∶ 𝑵 → 𝑵, given by 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙, is one-one but not onto
Sol: Given f  x   2 x, x  N
One-One:
Let x1 , x2  N  f  x1   f  x2   2 x1  2 x2  x1  x2
y
Onto: f  x   y , y  N  2x  y ∉ 𝑁  f is not onto function
x
2
(Or) Range of f = {2, 4, 6…..} ≠ N (codomain);
Range of f  co domain of f
 f is not onto.
 f is one-one but not onto.
 f is not a bijective function
RK 7204892075 2
5. Prove that the function 𝒇 ∶ 𝑹 → 𝑹 given by 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙, is one-one and onto.
Sol: Given f  x   2 x, x  R
One-One:
Let x1 , x2  R  f  x1   f  x2   2 x1  2 x2  x1  x2
y
Onto: f  x   y , y  R  2x  y x ∈𝑅
2
 Corresponding to each y  R (codomain), there exists    R (domain) such that.
y
3
 y
f    y  f is onto.
3
Range of f  co domain of f
 f is a bijective function
6. Check the injectivity and surjectivity of the function 𝒇 ∶ 𝑹 → 𝑹, given by
Sol: Given f  x   x 2 , x  R
One-One: Let x1 , x2  R
 f  x1   f  x2 
 x12  x22 ( Don’t Cancel Squares on Both sides it is wrong )
 x  x2  0   x1  x2  x1  x2   0
1
2 2
 x1  x2  0 &  x1  x2  0
 x1  x2 &  x1   x2
 f is not one-one function
Onto: f  x   y , y  R  x  y  x  y ∉ 𝑅 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑦 < 0  f is not onto function
2
(Or)
𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐
f  2  f  2  2  2
i.e., f  x1   f  x2   x1  x2
 f is not one-one
Now,
Range of f = set of positive real numbers
 Rangeof f  R
Range  Co-domain  f is not onto function
7. Check the injectivity and surjectivity of the function 𝒇 ∶ 𝒁 → 𝒁, given by 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑
Sol: Given f  x   x3 , x  Z
One-One:
Let x1 , x2  Z  f  x1   f  x2   x13  x23  x13  x23  0  x1  x2
Onto: f  x   y , y  Z  x3  y  x  3 y  f is not onto function
(Or) Range  Co-domain
RK 7204892075 3
2.MATRIX
𝟎 𝟔 𝟕 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
8. If 𝑨 = [−𝟔 𝟎 𝟖] , 𝑩 = [𝟏 𝟎 𝟐] , 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪 = [−𝟐]. Calculate 𝑨𝑪, 𝑩𝑪 and (𝑨 + 𝑩)𝑪. Also,
𝟕 −𝟖 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 𝟑
verify that (𝑨 + 𝑩)𝑪 = 𝑨𝑪 + 𝑩𝑪
 0 6 7  0 1 1   0 7 8 
Sol: A  B   6 0 8   1 0 2   5 0 10
   
 7 8 0  1 2 0   8 6 0 
 0 7 8   2   0  14  24  10 
 A  B  C  5 0 10 2  10  0  30  20 ............1
 8 6 0   3   16  12  0   28
 0 6 7   2   0  12  21   9 
AC   6 0 8   2 =  12  0  24   12 
 7 8 0   3   14  16  0  30
0 1 1   2   0  2  3   1 
BC  1 0 2  2  2  0  6    8 
1 2 0   3   2  4  0  2
 9   1  10 
AC  BC  12    8    20 ...............2
30  2  28
From 1 & 2  A  B  C  AC  BC
𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 𝟏 𝟐
9. If 𝐀 = [𝟓 𝟎 𝟐 ] , 𝐁 = [𝟒 𝟐 𝟓] 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂 = [𝟎 𝟑 𝟐] then compute (𝐀 + 𝐁) 𝐚𝐧𝐝
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 𝟑 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟑
(𝐁 − 𝐂). verify 𝐀 + (𝐁 − 𝐂) = (𝐀 + 𝐁) − 𝐂.
1 2 3  3 1 2  4 1 1
    
Sol: A  B  5 0 2    4 2 5   9 2 7 

1 1 1   2 0 3  3 1 4 
 3 1 2  4 1 2  1 2 0

BC  4 2 5   0 3 2   4 1 3

 2 0 3 1 2 3  1 2 0
1 2 3  1 2 0 0 0 3

A  B  C  5 0 2    4 1 3  9 1 5  ..............1

1 1 1   1 2 0  2 1 1 
4 1 1  4 1 2 0 0 3
 A  B   C  9 2 7   0 3 2  9 1 5  .............2
 3 1 4  1 2 3 2 1 1 
From 1 & 2  A  B   C  A   B  C 
RK 7204892075 4
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
10. If 𝑨 = [ ] 𝑩=[ ] 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪 = [ ] calculate AC, BC and (𝑨 + 𝑩). 𝑪. Also verify
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
that [(𝑨 + 𝑩). 𝑪 = 𝑨𝑪 + 𝑩𝑪.
 1 2   2 0  3 2 
Sol: A  B      
 2 1   1 3  3 4 
3 2 1 1 3  4 36  7 9 
 A  BC         ...............1
3 4  2 3 3  8 3  12 11 15
1 2  1 1  1  4 1  6   5 7 
AC    
2 1   2 3 2  2 2  3 4 5
2 0 1 1 2  0 2  0 2 2 
BC    
1 3 2 3 1  6 1  9  7 10
5 7 2 2   7 9 
AC  BC     ................2
4 5 7 10 11 15
From 1 & 2 ,  A  B  C  AC  BC
𝟏
11. If 𝑨 = [−𝟒] 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩 = [−𝟏 𝟐 𝟏], verify that (𝑨𝑩)′ = 𝑩′ 𝑨′ .
𝟑
1
Sol: A   4  ; A1  1 4 3
 
 3 
 1
B   1 2 1 ; B1   2 
 1 
1  1 2 1 
AB   4  1 2 1   4 8 4 ...........1
 3   3 6 3 
 1 4 3
 AB    2 8 6 
1
 1 4 3 
 1  1 4 3
B A   2  1 4 3   2 8 6  ...........2
1  1 
 1   1 4 3 
From 1 & 2 ,  AB   B1 A1
1
12. If A=[𝟑 √𝟑 𝟐] and B =[𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐

] verify that (𝑨 + 𝑩)′ = 𝑨′ + 𝑩′
𝟒 𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒
3 3 2  2 1 2
Sol: Given A   ;B  
4 2 0 1 2 4 
 3 4  2 1
  1 
A   3 2  ; B   1 2 
1
 2 0
   2 4 
RK 7204892075 5
3 3 2   2 1 2 
A B    
 4 2 0  1 2 4 
 5 5
5 3  1 4  
A B      A  B    3  1 4
1
5 4 4  4 4 

 3 4  2 1 
 
A  B   3 2    1 2 
1 1
 2 0  2 4
   
 5 5
 
A  B   3  1 4
1 1
 4 4 

 A  B A1  B1
1
−𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 −𝟒 𝟏 −𝟓
13. If 𝐀 = [ 𝟓 𝟕 𝟗] , 𝐁 = [ 𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 ] verify that (𝑨 + 𝑩)′ = 𝑨′ + 𝑩′
−𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏
 1 2 3  4 1 5
Sol: Given A  5 7 9 & B   1 2
  0 
  
 2 1 1  1 3 1 
 1 5 2   4 1 1
A   2 7 
1  & B   1 2 3
1 1
 3 9 1   5 0 1
 1 2 3  4 1 5  5 3 2
A  B   5 7 9   1 2 0    6 9 9 
 2 1 1  1 3 1   1 4 2 
 5 6 1
 A  B    3 9 4 
1
 2 9 2 
 1 5 2  4 1 1  5 6 1
A  B   2 7 1    1 2 3   3 9 4 
1 1
 3 9 1   5 0 1  2 9 2 
 A  B   A1  B1
1
RK 7204892075 6
3.DETERMINANTS
14. Solve the following system of equation by matrix method.

𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟒, 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟎 and 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟐
Sol: The system of equations can be written as AX=B,
1 1 1   x  4
   
A   2 1 3 , X   y  , B  0 
adjA
X  A1B , A1 
A
1 1 1   z   2
1 3 2 3 2 1
Now , A  1   1 1  11  3  1 2  3  1 2  1  10
1 1 1 1 1 1
System has unique solution
Finding Adj A :
1 3 2 3 2 1
A11    1  3  4 ; A12      2  3  5 ; A13      2  1  1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
A21      1  1  2 ; A22     0  0   0 ; A23     1   1   2
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
A31     3  1  2 ; A32      3  2   5 ; A33    1   2    3
1 3 2 3 2 1
 A11 A21 A31   4 2 2 
 adjA   A12 A22 A32    5 0 5 
adjA
X  A1B  B
A
 A13 A23 A33   1 2 3 
 4 2 2  4  16  0  4   20   2 
  5 0 5  0    20  0  10   10   1
1    1  1
10 10 10
 1 2 3  2  4  0  6   10   1 
 x  2; y  1; z  1
15. Solve the following system of equation by matrix method.
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟐𝒛 = 𝟔𝟎, 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟔𝒛 = 𝟗𝟎, 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑𝒛 = 𝟕𝟎
 4 3 2  x 60
A   2 4 6  , X   y  , B  90  ; X  A1B , A 
    1 adjA
A
6 2 3  z  70
4 6 2 6 2 4
Now , A  4   3 2
2 3 6 3 6 2
 4 12  12   3 6  36   2  4  24   50 System has unique solution
Finding Adj A :
4 6 2 6 2 4
A11    12  12   0 ; A12      6  36   30 ; A13      4  24   20
2 3 6 3 6 2
3 2 4 2 4 3
A21      9  4   5 ; A22    12  12   0 ; A23     8  18  10
2 3 6 3 6 2
3 2 4 2 4 3
A31    18  8  10 ; A32      24  4   20 ; A33    16  6   10
4 6 2 6 2 4
RK 7204892075 7
 A11 A21 A31   0 5 10 
 adjA   A12 A22 A32    30 0 20
 A13 A23 A33   20 10 10 
adjA
X  A1B  B
A
 0 5 10  60  0  450  700   250  5
  30 0 20 90    1800  0  1400    400   8 
1     1   1 
50 50 50
 20 10 10  70  1200  900  700   400  8 
 x  5; y  8; z  8
16. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method
x  y  2 z  7, 3x  4 y  5 z  5, 2 x  y  3z  12.
1 1 2   x 7
   
A   3 4 5 , X   y  , B   5
 2 1 3   z  12 
1 adjA
X  A1B , A 
A
4 5 3 5 3 4
Now , A 1   1 2
1 3 2 3 2 1
 112  5  1 9  10   2  3  8
4 System has unique solution
Finding Adj A :
4 5 3 5 3 4
A11    12  5  7 ; A12      9  10   19 ; A13     3  8  11
1 3 2 3 2 1
1 2 1 2 1 1
A21      3  2   1 ; A22     3  4   1 ; A23      1  2   1
1 3 2 3 2 1
1 2 1 2 1 1
A31     5  8  3 ; A32      5  6   11 ; A33     4  3  7
4 5 3 5 3 4
 A11 A31   7
A21 1 3
 adjA   A12 
A32    19 1 11 
A22 
 A13 A33   11 1 7 
A23
adjA
X  A1B  B
A
 7 1 3  7   49  5  36   8   2
1    1  1   
  19 1 11   5   133  5  132   4   1 
4 4 4
 11 1 7  12   77  5  84  12   3 
 x  2; y  1; z  3
RK 7204892075 8
17. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method:

𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟔 , 𝒚 + 𝟑𝒛 = 𝟏𝟏 and 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟎
Sol:
The system of equations can be written as AX=B,
1 1 1   x 6
A  0 1 3 , X   y  , B  11
   
1 2 1  z   0 
1 adjA
X  A1B , A 
A
1 3 0 3 0 1
Now , A 1  1 1  11  6   1 0  3  1 0  1  9
2 1 1 1 1 2
Finding Adj A :
1 3 0 3 0 1
A11    1  6   7 ; A12      0  3  3 ; A13      0  1  1
2 1 1 1 1 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
A21     1  2   3 ; A22    1  1  0 ; A23      2  1  3
2 1 1 1 1 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
A31     3  1  2 ; A32      3  0   3 ; A33    1  0   1
1 3 0 3 0 1
 A11 A21 A31   7 3 2 
 adjA   A12 A32    3 0 3
adjA
A22 X  A1B  B
A
 A13 A23 A33   1 3 1 
 7 3 2   6   42  33  0   9  1 
  3 0 3 11   18  0  0   18    2 
1 1 1
 x  1; y  2; z  3
9 9 9
 1 3 1   0   6  33  0  27   3 
18. Solve the following system of linear equations by matrix method. x  y  2 z  1 ;
2 y  3 z  1 and 3 x  2 y  4 z  2.
Sol:
The system of equations can be written as AX=B,
1 1 2   x 1 
A  0 2 3 , X   y  , B  1 
3 2 4   z   2
1 adjA
X  A1 B; A 
A
2 3 0 3 0 2
Now , A 1   1 2
2 4 3 4 3 2
 18  6   1 9   2  6   2  9  12 =-1 System has unique solution
Finding Adj A :
2 3 0 3 0 2
A11    2; A12    9 ; A13    6
2 4 3 4 3 2
RK 7204892075 9
1 2 1 2 1 1
A21    0; A22    2 ; A23    1
2 4 3 4 3 2
1 2 1 2 1 1
A31    1 ; A32    3; A33   2
2 3 0 3 0 2
 A11 A21 A31   2 0 1
 adjA   A12 A32    9 2 3 
adjA
A22 X  A1B  B
A
 A13 A23 A33   6 1 2 
 2 0 1 1   22  0  0
1    
  9 2 3  1    9  2  6  1  5  5   x  0; y  5; z  3
1  
1 1
 6 1 2   2  6  1  2   3 3 
19. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method.
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑𝒛 = 𝟖, 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝒛 = 𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟐𝒛
 3 2 3   x 8 
   
A   2 1 1 , X   y  , B  1 
 4 3 2   z   4
1 adjA
X  A1B , A 
A
1 1 2 1 2 1
Now , A  3   2  3
3 2 4 2 4 3
 3 2  3  2  4  4   3 6  4   17 System has unique solution
Finding Adj A :
1 1 2 1 2 1
A11    1 ; A12    8 ; A13    10
3 2 4 2 4 3
2 3 3 3 3 2
A21    5 ; A22    6 ; A23   1
3 2 4 2 4 3
2 3 3 3 3 2
A31    1 ; A32    9; A33   7
1 1 2 1 2 1
 A11 A21 A31   1 5 1
 adjA   A12 A22 A32    8 6 9 
adjA
X  A1B  B
A
 A13 A23 A33   10 1 7 
 1 5 1 8   8  5  4   17  1 
1     1   1  
  8 6 9  1    64  6  36    34    2 
17 17 17
 10 1 7   4  80  1  28   51  3 
 x  1; y  2; z  3
RK 7204892075 10
20. Solve the system of linear equations by matrix method:

𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟓𝒛 = 𝟏𝟏, 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟒𝒛 = −𝟓, 𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟐𝒛 = −𝟑
 2 3 5   x  11 
A   3 2 4 , X   y  , B   5
   
1 1 2  z   3
1 adjA
X  A1B , A 
A
2 4 3 4 3 2
Now , A 2   3 5  2  4  4    3 6  4   5  3  2   1
1 2 1 2 1 1
Finding Adj A :
2 4 3 4 3 2
A11     4  4   0 ; A12      6  4   2 ; A13     3  2  1
1 2 1 2 1 1
3 5 2 5 2 3
A21      6  5  1 ; A22     4  5  9 ; A23      2  3  5
1 2 1 2 1 1
3 5 2 5 2 3
A31    12  10   2 ; A32      8  15  23 ; A33     4  9   13
2 4 3 4 3 2
 A11 A21A31   0 1 2 
 adjA   A12 A22A32    2 9 23
 A13 A23A33  1 5 13 
adjA
X  A1B  B
A
0 1 2   11   056   1 1 
1     1   1    
  2 9 23  5   22  45  69    2   2 
1 1 1
1 5 13   3 11  25  36   3  3 
 x  1; y  2; z  3
21. Solve the system of linear equation using matrix method
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟑𝒛 = 𝟓 , 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝒛 = −𝟒 and 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒚 − 𝟐𝒛 = 𝟑
2 3 3   x 5
A  1 2 1  , X   y  , B   4
   
 3 1 2  z   3 
1 adjA
X  A1B , A 
A
2 1 1 1 1 2
Now , A =  2 3 3
1 2 3 2 3 1
 2  4  1  3 2  3  3 1  6 
 40 System has unique solution
RK 7204892075 11
Finding Adj A :
2 1 1 1 1 2
A11     4  1  5 ; A12      2  3  5 ; A13      1  6   5
1 2 3 2 3 1
3 3 2 3 2 3
A21      6  3  3 ; A22     4  9   13 ; A23      2  9   11
1 2 3 2 3 1
3 3 2 3 2 3
A31     3  6   9 ; A32      2  3  1 ; A33     4  3  7
2 1 1 1 1 2
 A11 A21 A31  5 3 9

 adjA   A12 A22 A32   5 13 1 
  adjA
X  A1B  B
A
 A13 A23 A33  5 11 7 
5 3 9  5   25  12  27   40   1 
1     1 
80    2 
1  
  5 13 1   4   25  52  3   
40 40 40
5 11 7   3   25  44  21  40  1
 x  1; y  2; z  1
CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY
22. Given𝒚 = 𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙) + 𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙). 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚 = 𝟎
Sol: Let y  3Cos  log x   4Sin  log x 
Differentiate w.r.t.x
3sin  log x  4cos  log x 
 y1  
x x
 y1x  3sin  log x   4cos  log x 
Again Differentiate w.r.t.x
3cos  log x  4sin  log x 
 y1.1  xy2  
x x
  y1.1  xy2  x  3cos  log x   4sin  log x 
  y1.x  x 2 y2     3cos  log x   4sin  log x  
  y1.x  x 2 y2     y    y1.x  x 2 y2    y   0
𝐝𝟐 𝐲 𝐝𝐲
23. If 𝐲 = 𝐀𝐞𝐦𝐱 + 𝐁𝐞𝐧𝐱 , show that − (𝐦 + 𝐧) 𝐝𝐱 + 𝐦𝐧𝐲 = 𝟎
𝐝𝐱 𝟐
Sol: Let y  Aemx  Benx

dy
 Ame mx  Bne nx
dx
d2y
2
 Am 2e mx  Bn 2e nx
dx
2
d y dy
Now consider 2
  m  n   mny
dx dx
 Am e  Bn e   m  n   Amemx  Bnenx   mn  Aemx  Benx 
2 mx 2 nx
 Am2emx  Bn2enx   mAmemx  mBnenx  nAmemx  nBnenx    mnAemx  mnBenx 

 Am2emx  Bn2enx  Am2emx  Bmnenx  Anmemx  Bn2enx mnAemx mnBenx =0
RK 7204892075 12
24. If 𝐲 = (𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝐱)𝟐 then show that (𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏)𝟐 𝐲𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱 (𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏) 𝐲𝟏 = 𝟐.

Sol: Let y  Tan1x 
2
dy 2 tan 1 x

dx 1  x2
dy
dx
1  x 2   2 tan 1 x
d2y
  2 x   1  x 2  2 
dy 2
dx dx 1  x2
 dy d2y 
   2 x   1  x 2  2  1  x 2   2
 dx dx 
 dy 2 d y
2
   2 x  1  x 2   1  x 2  2
 dx dx 2 
2
  x 2  1  2 x  x 2  1  2
2 d y dy
2
dx dx
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
25. If 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒆𝟑𝒙 . 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 − 𝟓 𝒅𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙𝟐
Sol: Let y  3e2 x  2e3 x
dy
  6e 2 x  6e 3 x
dx
d2y
 2  12e2 x  18e3 x
dx
d2y dy
Now consider 2
 5  6y
dx dx
 12e  18e3 x   5  6e2 x  6e3 x   6  3e2 x  2e3x 
2x
 12e2 x  18e3 x    30e2 x  30e3 x   18e2 x  12e3 x 
 
 12e 2 x 18e3 x 30e 2 x 30e3 x 18e 2 x 12e3 x =0
d2 y dy
26. If y  sin1 x, show that (1  x 2 ) 2
x 0.
dx dx
Ans. Given y  sin 1 x
dy 1
 
dx 1  x2
dy
 1  x2 1
dx
Squaring on both sides, we get,
2
 dy 
 
1 x   1
2
 dx 
Differentiate w. r. to x
RK 7204892075 13
2
 dy 
  dy d 2 y
1  x  2   2  2x    0
2
dx dx  dx 
dy
Divide by 2  , we get,
dx
1  x2   d2y
dx 2
 x
dy
dx
 0.
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟐
27. If 𝒆𝒚 (𝒙 + 𝟏) = 𝟏, show that = (𝒅𝒙)
𝒅𝒙𝟐
1
Sol: Let e y 1  x   1 , e y 
x 1
 e y y1 1  x   e y  0
 e y  y1 1  x   1  0
 y1 1  x   1  0
1
 y1  y1  e y .......1
1  x 
 y2  e y y1  y2  y1 y1 From 1
 d 2 y   dy 
2
 y2   y1    2    
2
 dx   dx 
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVE
28. The length x of a rectangle is decreasing at the rate 5cm/min and width y is
increasing at the rate of 4cm/min when 𝒙 = 𝟖𝒄𝒎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝟔𝒄𝒎. Find the rate of change
of the perimeters and the area of the rectangle
Sol: Given Length of a rectangle ‘x’ is decreasing and width ‘y’ is increasing
with respect to time , i.e
dx dy
 5cm / min ,  4cm / min
dt dt
The perimeter: Let Perimeter of a rectangle be P
 P  2 x  y
Differentiate w.r.t.time
dP  dx dy 
  2  
dt  dt dt 
 2  5  4 
 2  1
 2cm / min
The area: Let Area of a rectangle be A
 A  xy
dA dy dx
 x y
dt dt dt
 8  4   6  5 x  8& y  6
 32  30  2cm 2 / min
RK 7204892075 14
29. If length x of a rectangle is decreasing at the rate of 3cm/minute and the width 𝒚
is increasing at the rate of 2 cm/minute, when 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎𝒄𝒎 and 𝒚 = 𝟔 𝒄𝒎, find the
rates of change of (i) the perimeter, (ii) the area of the rectangle
Sol: Given Length of a rectangle ‘x’ is decreasing and width ‘y’ is increasing
With respect to time , i.e
dx dy
 3cm / min ,  2cm / min
dt dt
The perimeter: Let Perimeter of a rectangle be P
 P  2 x  y
dP  dx dy 
  2     2  3  2   2  1  2cm / min
dt  dt dt 
The area: Let Area of a rectangle be A
 A  xy
dA dy dx
 x y
dt dt dt
 10  2   6  3 x  10& y  6
 20  18  2cm 2 / min
30. A particle moves along the curve 𝟔𝐲 = 𝐱 + 𝟐. Find the points on the curve at which
𝟑
the 𝐲 − coordinate is changing 8 times as fast as the 𝒙 −coordinate.

dy dx
Sol: Given 6 y  x  2 and 8
3
dt dt
Let , 6 y  x3  2
dy dx
6  3x 2 0
dt dt
 dx  dx  dy dx 
 6  8   3x 2  dt  8 dt 
 dt  dt
dx dx
 48  3x 2
dt dt
 48  3x 2
 x 2  16  x  4
66
When, x  4 then 6 y  x 3  2  6 y   4   2  6 y  64  2  y   11
3
6
62 31
When, x  4 then 6 y  x 3  2  6 y   4   2  6 y  64  2  y  
3
6 3
 31 
 Required points are  4,11 &  4,  
 3
RK 7204892075 15
31. A man of height 2 metres walks at a uniform speed of 𝟓 𝒌𝒎/𝒉 away from a lamp
post which is 6 metres high. Find the rate at which the length of his shadow
increases.
Sol: Let AB be the lamp post  6m
dx
 5km / hr A
dt
MN be the man  2m
Let BN  x , and NO  y
From the fig : M
ABO  MNO
6m
AB BO AO
  
MN NO MO 2m
6 x y
   2y  x
2 y
Differentiate w.r.t.t
B y O
dy dx dy 5 x N
2    km / hr
dt dt dt 2
32. A ladder 5m long is leaning against a wall. The bottom of the ladder is pulled
along the ground, away from the wall, at the rate of 𝟐𝒄𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄. How fast is its height
on the wall decreasing when the foot of the ladder is 4m away from the wall?
Sol: Let AB be the 5m ladder,

dx
Let OA  x, OB  y , OA  4m ,  2cm / sec  0.02m / sec
dt
 x 2  y 2   5 ..........1
2
  4   y 2   5
2 2
 y 2  25  16
 y2  9
 y  3m
From 1
 x 2  y 2   5
2
dx dy
 2x  2 y 0
dt dt
dy
 2  4  0.02   2  3 0
dt
dy
 2  3  0.16
dt
dy 0.16
 
dt 6
0.08 8
 m / sec  cm / sec
3 3
8
 The rate at which the top of the ladder is moving downwards  cm / sec
3
RK 7204892075 16
33. A ladder 24 ft long leans against a vertical wall. The lower end is moving
away at the rate of 3ft/sec. Find the rate at which the top of the ladder is
moving own wars. If its foot is 8ft from the wall.
Sol: Let AB be the 24ft ladder,
dx
Let OA  x, OB  y , OA  8 ft ,  3 ft / sec
dt
 x 2  y 2   24  ..........1
2
 8  y 2   24 
2 2
 y 2  576  64
 y 2  512  y  16 2 ft
From 1
 x 2  y 2   24 
2
dx dy
 2x  2 y 0
dt dt

 2  8  3  2 16 2  dydt  0

 2 16 2  dydt  72
dy 72
 
dt 2.16 2
3
 ft / sec
2. 2
3
 The rate at which the top of the ladder is moving downwards  ft / sec
2. 2
6.INDEFINET INTEGRAL
𝟏 𝟏
34. Find the integral of with respect to x and hence. Evaluate ∫ . 𝒅𝒙.
√𝒙𝟐 +𝒂𝟐 √ 𝒙𝟐 +𝟕
dx
Sol: I  
x2  a2
 x
Let us consider x  a tan  dx  a sec 2  ,   tan 1  
a
dx
I 
x  a2
2
a sec2 
I  d
a 2 tan 2   a 2
a sec 2 
I  d
a 2  tan 2   1
a sec2 
I  d
a 2 sec2 
a sec 2 
I  d
a sec 
I   sec d
RK 7204892075 17
I  log sec  tan   c
x
x  a tan  , tan   ,
a
x2  a2
sec  
a
x x2  a2
I  log  c
a a
I  log x  x 2  a 2  log a  c
I  log x  x 2  a 2  C
Evaluate
dx
 x2 + 7
dx

 7
2
x2 
dx
Comparing the above function with  x a
2 2
 log x  x 2  a 2  c
Here a  7; x  x
 log x  x 2  7  c
𝟏 𝒅𝒙
35. Find the integral of with respect to x and hence evaluate ∫ .
√𝒙𝟐 −𝒂𝟐 √ 𝒙𝟐 +𝟔𝒙−𝟕
dx
Sol: I  
x  a2
2
Let us consider x=asec𝜃,

x
dx  a sec tan  d ,   sec1  
a
dx
I 
x2  a2
a sec tan 
I  d
a 2 sec2   a 2
a sec tan 
I  d

a 2 sec2   1 
a sec tan 
I  d
a 2 tan 2 
a sec  tan 
I  d
a tan 
I   sec d
I  log sec  tan   c
x x2  a2
x=asec𝜃 , sec   , tan  
a a
RK 7204892075 18
x x2  a2
I  log  c
a a
I  log x  x 2  a 2  log a  c  log x  x 2  a 2  C
Evaluate
dx
 -7 + 6x + x 2
Consider 7  6x  x
2
 x2  6 x  7
Let a  x ; a  x
2 2
 2ab  6x  b  3
Adding & subtracting b
2
 x2  6x  7  9  9
  x  3  7  9
2
  x  3  16
2
  x  3   4 
2 2
dx
Given  7  6 x  x 2
dx

 x  3   4
2 2
dx
Comparing the above function with  x a
2 2
 log x  x 2  a 2  c
Here a  4; x   x  3
 log x  3  x 2  6 x  7  c
1 𝟏 𝟏
36. Find the integral of w.r.to x and hence find∫ 𝟏𝟑−𝟔𝒙+𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒐 find ∫ 𝟑+𝟐𝒙+𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
x a 2
2
dx
Sol: Let I  
a  x2
2
x
Let consider x  a tan , dx  a sec 2  d ,   tan 1
a
dx
I 
a  x2
2
a sec 2 
I  2 d
a  a 2 tan 2 
a sec2 
I  2 d

a 1  tan 2  
a sec  2
I  d
a  sec2  
2
1 1 1 x
I   d    c  tan 1  c
a a a a
RK 7204892075 19
Evaluate
1
 x2 - 6x + 13 dx
Consider x 2  6 x  13
Let a2  x2  a  x
2ab  6x  2.x.b  6x  b  3
2
 x 2  6 x  13  9  9
  x  3  4
2
  x  3   2 
2 2
1
  x  3 +  2  dx
2 2
dx 1  x
Comparing the above function with a 2
x 2
 tan 1    c
a a
Here x   x  3 & a  2
1 1  x 3
  x  3   2  dx  2 tan
1
 c
 2 
2 2
Evaluate
dx
 x 2 + 2x + 3
Consider x  2 x  3
2
Let a2  x2  a  x
2ab  2x  2.x.b  2x  b  1
2
 x2  2 x  3  1  1
  x  1  2
2
  x  1   2
2 2
1
 dx
 x + 1  2
2 2
+
dx 1  x
Comparing the above function with a 2
x 2
 tan 1    c
a a
Here x   x  1 & a  2
1 1  x 1 
 dx  tan 1  c
 x  1  2
2
2
 2  2 
RK 7204892075 20
𝟏 𝟏
37. Find the integral of 𝟐 𝟐 with respect to 𝒙 and hence find ∫ 𝒅𝒙.
√ 𝒂 −𝒙 √ 𝟕−𝟔𝒙−𝒙𝟐
dx
Sol: Let I  
a2  x2
x
Let us consider x  a sin  , dx  a cos d ,   sin 1
a
dx
I 
a  x2
2
a cos  d
I 
a 2  a 2 sin 2 
a cos  d
I 
a 2 1  sin 2  
a cos  d
I 
a 2  cos2  
a cos  d
I 
a cos 
x
I   1d =   c = sin
1
c
a
Evaluate
dx
 7 - 6x - x2
Consider 7  6x  x
2
   x2  6 x  7 
Let a  x ; a  x
2 2
 2ab  6x  b  3
2
   x2  6 x  7  9  9

   x  3  7  9
2

    x  3  
 16    x  3   4     4   x  3
2 2 2 2 2
dx dx
Given   
7  6 x  x2  4   x  3
2 2
dx x
Comparing the above function with  a x
2
 sin 1    c
2
a
Here a  4; x   x  3
 x  3
 sin 1  c
 4 
RK 7204892075 21
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
38. Find ∫ 𝒙𝟐 −𝒂𝟐 and hence evaluate ∫ 𝟑𝒙𝟐 +𝟏𝟑𝒙+𝟏𝟎 .
dx
Sol: Let I  
x  a2
2
dx

 x  a  x  a 
Multiplying and dividing 2a
1 2a
 
2a  x  a  x  a 
dx
Adding and Subtracting ‘x’ on Nr

1 aaxx
2a   x  a  x  a 
 dx
1 a  x   x  a
2a   x  a  x  a 
 dx
1  a  x   x  a   dx
   
2a   x  a  x  a   x  a  x  a  
1  1 1  1 1 1 1
 
2a   x  a 
  dx 
 x  a   
2a  x  a 
dx  
2a  x  a 
dx
1 1 1 xa  a
 log x  a  log x  a  c  log c  log a  log b  log 
2a 2a 2a xa  b
Evaluate
dx
 3x 2 + 13x - 10
Consider 3 x 2  13 x  10
 13 10 
 3 x 2  x  
 3 3
13
Let  a2  x2 ;  2ab  x
3
13 13
a  x ;  2 xb  x ,  b 
3 6
Adding & subtracting b 2
 2 13 10  13   13  
2 2
 3 x  x        
 3 3  6   6  

 13  10  169  
2
 3  x      
 6 3  36  

 13   289  
2
 3  x     
 6   36  

 13   17  
2 2
 3  x      
 6   6  

RK 7204892075 22
dx

 13   17  
2 2
3  x      
 6   6  

1 dx
 
3  13   17  
2 2
  x      
 6 6 
dx 1 xa
Comparing above function with  2  log c
x a 2
2a xa
13  17 
Here x  x  ; a   
6 6
 13 17 
 x  
1 1
  log 6 6 c
3   17  13 17 
x 
 2. 6  6 6 
  
1 6x  4
 log c
17 6 x  30
1 3x  2
 log c
17 3x  15
APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS
x2 y2
39. Find the area of the region bounded by the ellipse  1
16 9
x2 y 2
Sol: Equation of ellipse is   1 ……….(i)
16 9
y2 x 2 16  x 2
From eq. (i), 1 
9 16 16
 y 2  16  x 2 
9
16
y
9
16
16  x 2 
y
3
4
16  x 2  ....…….(ii)
Total shaded area

= 4 x Area OAB of ellipse in first quadrant
4
 4  ydx
0
4
4
3
16  x dx
2
0 4
4
3 16  x dx
2
Comparing the above function with below formula

x 2 a2 x
     sin 1
2 2 2
a x dx a x
2 2 a
RK 7204892075 23
4
3 16  x dx 2
0
4
x 16  x
3 16  x 2  sin 1  
2 2 40
4 16  4   0 16  0 
 3  16  42  sin 1      16  02  sin 1   
2 2  4   2 2  4 
 16   16   
 3  sin 1 1    sin 1  0    3  8   12 Sq units
2  2   2
x2 y 2
40. Find the area of the region bounded by the ellipse  1
4 9
x2 y 2
Sol: Equation of ellipse is   1 …….(i)
4 9
y2 x2 4  x2
From eq. (i), 1 
9 4 4
 y2   4  x2 
9
4
y
9
4
 4  x2 
y
3
2
 4  x 2  ....…….(ii)
Total shaded area
= 4 x Area OAB of ellipse in first quadrant
2
 4  ydx
0
2
4
3
 4  x dx 2
0 2
2
6   4  x dx
2
Comparing the above function with below formula

x 2 a2 x
     sin 1
2 2 2
a x dx a x
2 2 a
2
6   4  x dx
2
0
2
x 4  x
6 4  x 2  sin 1  
2 2 20
2 4  2   0 4  0   
6 4  22  sin 1      4  02  sin 1     6  2   6 Sq units
2 2  2   2 2  2   2
RK 7204892075 24
41. Using the method of integration, find the area enclosed by the circle x 2  y 2  a 2
Sol: The whole area enclosed by the given circle
= 4 (area of the region AOBA bounded by the curve, x-axis and the ordinates x = 0
and x = a)
[as the circle is symmetrical about both x-axis and y-axis]
a
 4  ydx (taking vertical strips)
0
a
 4 a 2  x 2 dx
0
Since x 2  y 2  a 2 gives y   a 2  x 2
As the region AOBA lies in the first quadrant, y is taken as
positive. Integrating, we get
the whole area enclosed by the given circle
a
x 2 a2 x
 4 a  x 2  sin 1 
2 2 a 0
 a a2  
 4   0  sin 1 1  0 
 2 2  
 a2    
 4      a 2
 2  2 
x2 y2
42. Find the area bounded by the ellipse   1 and the ordinates x= 0 and
a 2 b2
x= ae, where b2  a 2 1  e2  and e  1
Sol: The required area (Fig) of the region BOB′RFSB is enclosed by the ellipse and the
lines x = 0 and x= ae
Note that the area of the region BOB′RFSB
ae
 2  ydx
0
ae
b
2
a 
0
a 2  x 2 dx
ae
2b  x 2 a2 x
  a  x 2
 sin 1 
a 2 2 a 0
2b 
 ae a 2   ae   a 2 sin 1 e 
2
2a  
 e 1   e   sin 1 e 
b 2
a  
RK 7204892075 25
43. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y  x 2 and y  x
Sol: Given curves y  x 2 and y  x
Solving the above equations x  0;1; 1
From the diagram required area = upper curve – lower curve
1
 2  x  x 2  dx
0
1
 x 2 x3 
 2  
2 3 0
 12 13   02 03  
 2        
 2 3   2 3  
 12 13  
 2    
 2 3  
1 1
 2    Sq units
6 3
44. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis, the line
y =x, and the circle x 2  y 2  32
Sol: The given equations are
y =x (i)
and x  y  32
2 2
(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we find that the line and the circle meet at B(4, 4)
in the first quadrant. Draw perpendicular BM to the x-axis.
Therefore, the required area
= area of the region OBMO +
area of the region BMAB.
Now, the area of the region OBMO
1 4
  ydx   xdx   x 0  8
4 4
(iii)
0 0 2
Again, the area of the region BMAB
4 2 4 2
 ydx   32  x 2 dx
0 0
4 2
1 1 x 
  x 32  x 2   32  sin 1
2 2 4 2  4
 1  4 1 1 
  0   32  sin 1 1   32  16   32  sin 1 
 2  2 2 2 
 8  8  4 
 4  8 (iv)
Adding (iii) and (iv), we get, the required area = 4π
RK 7204892075 26
45. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by x-axis, line x  3 y
and the circle x2 + y2 = 4.
Sol: Given Circle x2 + y2 = 4 and line x  3 y
Solving above two equations x  3; y  1
Required Area
Area of OAC = Area OCX + Area XCA

3 2
 
0
y1dx   y dx 2 ( y1  Line & y2  Circle )
3
3 2
x
 
0 3
dx   4  x 2 dx
3
3
 x2 
2
x 4 1 x 
    4  x  sin
2
 2 3 0  2 2 2  3
 3    3 
   0    0  2   2 
 2   2 2 3

 Sq Units
3
46. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒚 and the line 𝒙 =4y-2
Sol: Given Equations x 2  4 y & x  4 y  2
Solving the above equations
 x2  x  2
 x2  x  2  0
 x2  2 x  x  2  0
  x  2  x  1  0
 x  2 & x  1
Substitute x values in the above equations
At x=2 , y=1
At x=-1 , y=1/4
RK 7204892075 27
 x2
2 2 2
x
   dx   dx
1 
4  1
4
2 2
1  x2  1  x3 
   2x   
4 2  1 4  3  1
  1  2  1 
3
1  4  1
3
   2  2      2  1      
4  2  2   4  3 3 
1  1 8 1
 2  4    2     
1
 
4 2  4  3 3 
1  3 1 9
 6 
4  2  4  3 
1 15  3 15  6 9
   
4  2  4 8 8
8.DEFFERANTIAL EQUATION
𝒅𝒚 𝟐
47. Solve (𝒙 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝒙 (𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙)
dy 2
Sol: Differential equation x log x  y  log x
dx x
dy 1 2
  y log x
dx x log x x.x log x
dy 1 2
  y 2
dx x log x x
dy 1 2
Comparing with  Py  Q ; P = ;Q= 2
dx x log x x
1
1 f 1  x
  Pdx  
x log x
dx   x dx  log  log x 
log x  f  x  dx  log f  x   c
I.F  e   elog  log x   log x
pdx
Solution is y.  I .F    Q  I .F  dx  c
2
 y. log x    log xdx  c
x2
RK 7204892075 28
 y. log x   2 x 2 log xdx  c .......(i)
d 
UVdx  U Vdx    dx U Vdx dx
Here U  log x ; V  x 2
   x2 log x  dx
d 
 log x  x 2dx    log x  x 2dx dx
 dx 
x 1
1 x 1
 log x.    . dx
1  x 1 
log x 1
    2 dx
x x 
log x
    x 2 dx
x
log x x 1
  C
x 1
log x 1
  C
x x
From (i)
 log x 1 
 y.  log x   2    C
 x x
 log x  1 
 y.  log x   2  C
 x 
𝒅𝒚
48. Find the general solution of the differential equation𝒅𝒙 + 𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙
dy
Sol: Differential equation  y cot x  2 x  x 2 cot x
dx
dy
Comparing with  Py  Q ; P = cot x ; Q = 2 x  x 2 cot x
dx
  Pdx   cot xdx  log sin x
I.F  e 
cot xdx
e  sin x
log sin x
 y.  sin x     2 x  x 2 cot x   sin x  dx  c
 y.sin x   2 x.sin xdx   x 2 cos xdx  C
 2x2   2 x2 
 y.sin x  sin x     cos x   dx   x cos xdx  C
2
 2   2 
 y.sin x  x 2 .sin x   x 2 .cos xdx   x 2 cos xdx  C
 y.sin x  x 2 .sin x  C
RK 7204892075 29
dy
49. Find the general solution of the differential equation x  2 y  x 2 log x
dx
dy
Sol: Given DE is x  2 y  x 2 log x
dx
dy  2  x 2 log x
  y 
dx  x  x
dy  2 
    y  x log x ;
dx  x 
dy 2
Comparing with  Py  Q ; P = ; Q = x log x
dx x
2
  Pdx   dx  2log x  log x
2
x
I.F  e   e
pdx 2
 x2
log x
 y. x 2     x 2 log x  xdx  c ..... (1)
 y. x 2     x3 log x  dx  c
d 
UVdx  U Vdx    dx U Vdx dx
Here U  log x ; V  x3
   x3 log x  dx  c
d 
 log x  x3dx    log x  x3dx dx
 dx 
x 4
1 x 4
 log x.    . dx
4 x 4 
x4 1
 log x.    x 3 dx
4 4
x4 1 x4
 log x.  c
4 4 4
From 1
x4 1 x4
 y.  x 2   log x.  c
4 4 4
dy 
50. Solve, cos 2 x  y  tan x, where 0  x  .
dx 2
dy
Sol: Given DE is cos 2 x  y  tan x
dx
dy 1 tan x
  2
y
dx cos x cos 2 x
  sec 2 x  y  tan x.sec 2 x ;
dy

dx
dy
Comparing with  Py  Q ; P = sec 2 x ; Q = tan x.sec 2 x
dx
  Pdx   sec xdx  tan x
2
I.F  e 
pdx
 e tan x
RK 7204892075 30
 y. etan x    tan x.sec2 x.etan x dx  c
  tan x.sec2 x.etan x dx  c
Let tan x  t ; dt  sec 2 xdx
  et tdt  c
 et  t  1  c
 e tan x  tan x  1  c
𝒅𝒚
51. Solve, 𝒅𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
dy
Sol: Given Differential equation is  2 y  sin x
dx
dy
Comparing with  Py  Q , we have P = 2 and Q = sin x .
dx
  Pdx   2dx  2 x
I.F  e   e2 x
pdx
 y.e2 x   e2 x sin xdx  c ...........(1)
eax
  eax sin  bx  dx   a sin  bx   b cos  bx    c
a 2  b2 
e2 x
  e sin 1x  dx  2 2  2sin 1x   1cos 1x    c
2x
2 1
e2 x
  e 2 x sin 1x  dx   2sin  x   cos  x    c
5 
From 1
e2 x
 y.e 2x
 2sin  x   cos  x    c
5 
𝒅𝒚
52. Find the general solution of the differential equation 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 (𝒙 ≠ 𝟎).
dy 2
Sol: Differential equation  yx
dx x
dy 2
Comparing with  Py  Q ; P = ;Q= x
dx x
2
  Pdx   dx  2 log x
x
2
I.F  e x  e2log x  elog x  x 2
dx 2
 y.  x 2     x 2   x  dx  c
 y.  x 2     x3  dx  c
x4
 y.  x 2   c
4
x2
y  cx 2
4
RK 7204892075 31
𝐝𝐲
53. Solve the differential equation 𝐝𝐱 + 𝐲 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐱 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐱,
dy
Sol: Given DE is   sec x  y  tan x
dx
dy
Comparing with  Py  Q , we have P = sec x and Q = tan x
dx
  Pdx   sec xdx  log sec x  tan x
I.F  e   e
pdxlog sec x  tan x
 sec x  tan x
 y. sec x  tan x     sec x  tan x  tan xdx  c
 y. sec x  tan x     sec x tan x  tan 2 x  dx  c
 y. sec x  tan x    sec x tan xdx   tan 2 xdx  c
 y. sec x  tan x    sec x tan xdx    sec2 x  1 dx  c
 y. sec x  tan x    sec x tan xdx   sec2 xdx  1dx  c
 y. sec x  tan x   sec x  tan x  x  c
54. Solve the differential equation (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 )𝒅𝒚 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒅𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
Sol: Given DE 1  x 2  dy  2 xydx  cot xdx
dy
Convert the above equation in the form  Py  Q
dx
dy  2 x  cot x
   y 
dx  1  x 2   1  x2 
 
dy 2x cot x
Comparing with  Py  Q ; P = ;Q=
dx 1 x 2
1  x2 
2x f 1  x
  Pdx  
1 x 2
dx  log 1  x 2  f  x  dx  log f  x   c
I.F  e   e
pdx log 1 x 2
 1  x2
 y.1  x 2    2 
1  x   dx  c
cot x
1  x 
 y.1  x 2    cot xdx  c
 y.1  x 2   log sin x  c
RK 7204892075 32
THREE-D GEOMETRY
55. Derive equation of a line in a space through a given point and parallel to a vector
both in the vector and Cartesian form
Vector Form:
Let O be the origin and A be the fixed point with position vector a . Then OA  a
Let r be the position vector of any point P on the line drawn through A and parallel to b
Then OP = r
AP is parallel to b , Therefore,
AP  b  R
OP  OA  b
r  a  b
r  a  b
Cartesian Form / Symmetrical Form of a line
Here r  xi  yj  zk ,
a  x1i  y1 j  z1k ,
b  ai  bj  ck
W K T r  a  b from vector form
Substituting r , a & b values

xi  yj  zk  x1i  y1 j  z1k   ai  bj  ck 
Comparing the coefficients of i , j & k
x  x1   a y  y1   b z  z1   c
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
  
a b c
Eliminating the parameter  , we get the following Cartesian equation of the line
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
 
a b c
56. Derive the equation of a line in space passing through two given points both in
vector and Cartesian form
Vector Form:
Let O be the origin and A and B be the given points with position vectors a and b
respectively.
Let r be the position vector of any point P on the line passing through the points A and
B. Then
OP  r , OA  a and OB  b
Since, AP is collinear with AB
 AP   AB for some scalar  .
 OP  OA   OB  OA 
  
r a  b a r  a  b a  
Since, every point on the line satisfies this
equations for each value of  , this equation given
the position vector of a point P on the line.
Hence, the vector equation of the line is

r  a  b a 
RK 7204892075 33
Cartesian Form:
We know that the vector equation of a line passing through two points with position
vectors a and b is given by r  a   b  a  
Here, a  x1iˆ  y1 ˆj  z1kˆ , b  x2iˆ  y2 ˆj  z2kˆ
Since, r is the position vector of any point P  x, y, z  on the line.
Therefore, r  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ .
Putting the values of r , a and b in (1), we get
 
xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ  x1iˆ  y1 ˆj  z1kˆ    x2  x1  iˆ   y2  y1  ˆj   z2  z1  kˆ 
 x  x1    x2  x1  , y  y1    y2  y1  and z  z1    z2  z1 
(On equating coefficients of i, j and k)
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
   
x2  x1 y2  y1 z2  z1
Hence, the Cartesian equations of the line passing through  x1 , y1 , z1  and  x2 , y2 , z2  are
given by
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
 
x2  x1 y2  y1 z2  z1
57. Derive the equation of a plane in normal form both in the vector and Cartesian
form
Vector Form:
Let p be the distance of the given plane from the origin and let n̂ be the unit vector
perpendicular to the given plane. Let ON be the normal and P be any point on the given
plane.
So, ON  ON nˆ  p nˆ
Now, ON  NP
 NP.ON  0 ….. 1
OP  r
NP  OP  ON  r  p nˆ
  r  p nˆ  . p nˆ  0
  r  p nˆ  . nˆ  0  p  0
 r .nˆ  p nˆ.nˆ  0 r .nˆ  p
 [ nˆ.nˆ  1 ]
This is the standard form of the equation of a plane in vector form.
Vector equation of a plane in scalar product.
Cartesian Form:
Let P(x,y,z) be any point on the given and n̂ is the unit vector normal to the given plane.
Vector equation of a plane is r .nˆ  p ….. 1
[ p is the length of perpendicular from origin to the plane.]
 r  OP  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ ……. 2
If l , m , n be the direction cosines of n̂ , then
n̂  liˆ  mjˆ  nkˆ ……. 3
On putting the values of r and n ,(1) becomes
  
xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ liˆ  mjˆ  nkˆ  p [Using (2) and (3)]
lx  my  nz  p
RK 7204892075 34
58. Derive the equation of a plane perpendicular to a given vector and passing through
a given point both in vector and Cartesian form
Vector Form
Let the given plane pass through the point A, whose position vector a and the plane is
perpendicular to ON .
Let P be any point on the plane, with position vector r , then AP  OP  OA  r  a .
Since ON is perpendicular to the given plane.
 It is also perpendicular to line AP in this plane.
 AP.ON = 0
  r  a  N  0 ( N being position vector of N)
Cartesian Form:
Let A  x1 , y1 , z1  be given point and P  x, y, z  be any point on the
plane.
OA  a  x1iˆ  y1 ˆj  z1kˆ
OP  r  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ
Let A, B and C be the direction ratio of N = 0
 
 x  x1  iˆ   y  y1  ˆj   z  z1  kˆ . Ai  Bj  Ck  0
 A  x  x1   B  y  y1   C  z  z1   0
PROBABILITY
59. If A and B are independent events with 𝑷(𝑨) = 𝟎. 𝟑, 𝑷(𝑩) = 𝟎. 𝟒 then find
i) 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) ii) 𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) iii) 𝑷(𝑨|𝑩) iv) 𝑷(𝑩|𝑨)
Sol: i) P  A  B  = P  A  P  B   0.3  0.4  0.12
ii) P  A  B  = P  A  P  B   P  A  B 
 P  A  P  B   P  A  B 
 0.3  0.4  0.12  0.7  0.12  0.58
P  A  B  P  A  .P  B 
iii) P  A | B  =   P  A  0.3
P  B P  B
P  A  B  P  A .P  B 
iv) P  B | A =   P  B   0.4
P  A P  A
60. If A and B are independent events such that 𝑷(𝑨) = 𝟎. 𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑷(𝑩) = 𝟎. 𝟔. Then find
i) P(A and B) ii) P(A and not B) iii) P(A or B) iv) P (neither A nor B)
Sol: i) P  Aand B  = P  A  B   P  A .P  B   0.3 0.6  0.18
ii) P  A and not B  = P  A  B '  P  A .P  B '
= P  A 1  P  B 
 0.3  1  0.6
 0.3  0.4
 0.12
iii) P  Aor B  = P  A  B 
 P  A  P  B   P  A  B 
 P  A  P  B   P  A .P  B 
RK 7204892075 35
 0.3  0.6   0.3  0.6 
 0.9  0.18  0.72
iv) P  neither Anor B 
 P  A1  B1   P  A1  P  B1 
 1  P  A  1  P  B  
 0.7  0.4
 0.28
𝟏 𝟕 𝟏
61. If 𝑷(𝑨) = 𝟐 , 𝑷(𝑩) = 𝟏𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑷(𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝑨 𝒐𝒓 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝑩) = 𝟒 then state whether A or B are
independent
 1
 1
Sol: Given P AU B  , P  A   , & P  B  
4 2
7
12

P AU B 
1
4

 P A B   1
4

1
 1 P  A  B 
4
1
 P  A  B  1
4
3
 P  A  B 
4
1 7 7
 P  A  .P  B   . 
2 12 24
P  A .P  B   P  A  B  A & B are not independent
𝟏 𝟑
62. A and B are events such that 𝑷(𝑨) = 𝟐 𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = 𝟓 , 𝑷(𝑩) = 𝒒. Then find q if they are
a. Mutually exclusive b. Independent
Sol: i) A and B are mutually exclusive
 A B 
 P  A  B  0
 P  A  P  B   P  A  B 
P  A  B   P  A  P  B   P  A  B 
1 3 3 1 65 1

p  p   
2 5 5 2 10 10
ii) A and B are independent
 P  A  B   P  A .P  B 
P  A  B   P  A  P  B   P  A  B 
 P  A  P  B   P  A .P  B 
3 1 1 3 1 1
   p    p    p  p
5 2 2 5 2 2
65 p 1 p 1
     p
10 2 10 2 5
RK 7204892075 36
𝟏 𝟏
63. Probability of solving a specific problem independently by A and B are and
𝟐 𝟑
respectively. If both try to solve the problem then find the probability that
a) the problem is solved b) exactly one of them solves the problem
1
Sol: A) Probability of solving the problem by A , P  A  
2
1
Probability of solving the problem by B , P  B  
3
Since the problem is solved independently by A and B
1
P  A  B   P  A P  B  
6
Probability that the problem is solved P  A  B 
1 1 1 2
 P  A  P  B   P  A  B  
  
2 3 6 3
B) Exactly one of them solves the problem
   
 P  A .P B  P A .P  B 
1 2 1 1 3 1
 .  .  
2 3 2 3 6 2
64. Two balls are drawn at random with replacement from a box containing 10 black
and 8 red balls find the probability that
a) Both are red b) 1st ball is black and second is red
c) One of them is black and other is red
Sol: Given A box containing 10 black and 8 red balls.
Total number of balls in box = 18
(i) Both balls are red.
Probability of getting a red ball in first draw = 8/18 = 4/9
As the ball is replaced after first throw,
Hence, Probability of getting a red ball in second draw = 8/18 = 4/9
Now, Probability of getting both balls red = 4/9 × 4/9 = 16/81
(ii) First ball is black and second is red.
Probability of getting a black ball in first draw = 10/18 = 5/9
Now, Probability of getting first ball is black and second is red
= 5/9 × 5/9 = 20/81
(iii) One of them is black and other is red.
Probability of getting a black ball in first draw = 10/18 = 5/9
Now, Probability of getting first ball is black and second is red= 5/9 × 4/9 = 20/81
RK 7204892075 37
Probability of getting a red ball in first draw = 8/18 = 4/9
Hence, Probability of getting a black ball in second draw = 10/18 = 5/9
Now, Probability of getting first ball is red and second is black
= 5/9 × 4/9 = 20/81
Therefore, Probability of getting one of them is black and other is red:
= Probability of getting first ball is black and second is red + Probability of getting
first ball is red and second is black
= 20/81 + 20 /81 = 40/81
65. One card is drawn at random from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards.
In which of the following cases , events E and F are independent.
i) E : the card drawn is a spade and F: the card drawn is an ace
ii) E : the card drawn is black and F : the card drawn is a king
iii) E : the card drawn is a king or queen and F : the card drawn is a queen or jack
Sol: Given: A deck of 52 cards.
(i) In a deck of 52 cards, 13 cards are spade and 4 cards are ace and only one card is
there which is spade and ace both.
Hence, P (E) = the card drawn is a spade = 13/52 = 1/4
P (F) = the card drawn is an ace = 4/52 = 1/13
P (E ∩ F) = the card drawn is a spade and ace both = 1/52….. (1)
And P (E). P (F)
= ¼ × 1/13 = 1/52…. (2)
From (1) and (2)
⇒ P (E ∩ F) = P (E). P (F)
Hence, E and F are independent events.
(ii) In a deck of 52 cards, 26 cards are black and 4 cards are king and only two card are
there which are black and king both.
Hence, P (E) = the card drawn is of black = 26/52 = ½
P (F) = the card drawn is a king = 4/52 = 1/13
P (E ∩ F) = the card drawn is a black and king both = 2/52 = 1/26…. (1)
And P (E). P (F)
= ½ × 1/13 = 1/26…. (2)
From (1) and (2)
⇒ P (E ∩ F) = P (E). P (F)
Hence, E and F are independent events.
RK 7204892075 38
(iii) In a deck of 52 cards, 4 cards are queen, 4 cards are king and 4 cards are jack.
Hence, P (E) = the card drawn is either king or queen = 8/52 = 2/13
P (F) = the card drawn is either queen or jack = 8/52 = 2/13
There are 4 cards which are either king or queen and either queen or jack.
P (E ∩ F) = the card drawn is either king or queen and either queen or jack
= 4/52 = 1/13 … (1)
And P (E). P (F)
= 2/13 × 2/13 = 4/169…. (2)
From (1) and (2)
⇒ P (E ∩ F) ≠ P (E). P (F) Hence, E and F are not independent events.
PART-E
(any one)
1.DEFINET INTEGRAL
𝒂
𝒂 𝟐 ∫ 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙, 𝒊𝒇 (𝒙) 𝒊𝒔 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
66. Prove that ∫−𝒂 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = { 𝟎 and
𝟎 𝒊𝒇 (𝒙) 𝒊𝒔 𝒐𝒅𝒅 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝝅 𝝅
𝟏
hence evaluate ∫ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝟐
𝝅
𝟕
∫−𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟓 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟒 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 ∫ (𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝟐
𝝅
− −
𝟐 𝟐
a
Sol: LHS :  f  x  dx
a
0 a
  f  x  dx   f  x  dx
a 0
I  I1  I 2 ...(1)
0
 I1   f  x  dx
a
Let x  t
When x   a , then t  a , When x  0 , then t  0
Diff w.r.t.x
 dx  dt
0
 I1    f  t  dt
a
a b a
 I1   f  t  dt Since  f  x  dx   f  t  dt
0 a b
a b b
 I1   f   x  dx Since  f  x  dx   f t  dt
0 a a
From 1,
a a a
I  I1  I 2  f  x  dx   f   x  dx   f  x  dx
a 0 0
If f   x   f  x 
a a a
 f  x  dx   f  x  dx   f  x  dx
a 0 0
RK 7204892075 39
a a
 f  x  dx  2 f  x  dx
a 0
If f   x    f  x 
a a a
 f  x  dx   f  x  dx   f  x  dx  0
a 0 0
π
  sin x  dx
2
Evaluate 7
π
-
2
 f  x   sin 7  x   f   x   sin 7   x    sin  x    f  x 

7

2
Given function is odd    sin x  dx  0
7

2
1
 sin xcos x  dx
5 4
-1
 f  x   sin 5  x  cos 4  x 
 f   x   sin 5   x  cos4   x    sin  x  cos  x    f  x 
5 4
1
Given function is odd 
  sin 5 x cos4 x dx  0 
1
π
 x + xcosx  dx
2
3
-π
2
 f  x    x3  x cos x 
 f x    x     x  cos   x  
3
 f   x      x    x  cos  x    f   x      x  
  x  cos  x    f  x 
3 3

2
Given function is odd    x  x cos x  dx  0
3

2

𝒂 𝒂 √𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
67. Prove that ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 and hence evaluate ∫𝟎 √𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 +√𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒅𝒙. ,
𝟐
π
a 𝝅  2
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒 𝒙
  2logsinx - logsin2x  dx
x

0
x  xa
dx. ∫𝟎 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙) . 𝒅𝒙.
𝟒
∫𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒 𝒙+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
𝟐
0
a
Sol: RHS:  f  a  x  dx .......(1)
0
Let a  x  t
When x  a , then t  0
When x  0 , then t  a
Diff w.r.t.x
 dx  dt
 dx  dt
From 1
RK 7204892075 40
0
   f  t  dt
a
a b a
  f  t  dt Since  f  x  dx   f  t  dt
0 a b
a b b
  f  x  dx Since  f  x  dx   f t  dt
0 a a
= LHS
Evaluate
π
2
sinx

0 sinx + cosx
dx

2
sin x
Let I   dx .......1
0 sin x  cos x
  
sin   x 
2 
2 a a
I  dx Since  f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
   
0
sin   x   cos   x  0 0
2  2 

2
cos x
I  dx ........2
0 cos x  sin x
Adding 1&2

2
 cos x sin x 
2 I      dx
0 cos x  sin x cos x  sin x 
 
 cos x  sin x    
 dx  dx   x 0   I 
2 2
2 I   
0 cos x  sin x  0
 2
2 4
Evaluate
a
x
0 x + a - x dx
a
x
Let I   dx .......1
0 x  ax
ax
a a a
I 
0 a  x  a  a  x
dx Since  f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
0 0
ax
a
I  dx ........2
0 ax  x
Adding 1&2

2
 x ax 
2 I     dx 
0 x  ax ax  x 
RK 7204892075 41
 
 x  ax  2 2   
2 I    dx   2I   dx  2I   x 02  
0 x  ax  0
2 4
π
4
Evaluate  log 1 + tanx  dx
0

4
I  log 1  tan x  dx
0
(1)

  
4 a a
I  0 log 1  tan  4  x dx Since  f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
0 0

4
 1  tan x 
  log 1  1  tan x dx
0

 1  tan x  1  tan x 
4
  log 
0
1  tan x
dx


 
4
2
  log  1  tan x dx
0
(2)
(1) + (2) gives


4
  2  
2I   log  1  tan x   log 1  tan x  dx
0

  
4
  log 2 dx   log 2  .  4  0 
0
I 
8
log 2
π
2
Evaluate   2logsinx - logsin2x  dx
0

2
I   2 log sin x  log sin 2 x  dx
0
 
2 2
 2  log sin x dx 
0
 log  2sin x cos x  dx
0
   
2 2 2 2
 2  log sin x dx   log 2 dx   log sin x dx   log cos x dx
0 0 0 0
 /2  /2
  
  log sin x dx   log cos  2  x  dx   log 2  2
0 0

 /2 2
 
 
0
log sin x dx   log sin x dx  2 log 2   2 log 2
0
RK 7204892075 42
𝝅
𝒃 𝒃 𝒅𝒙
68. Prove that ∫𝒂 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝒂 (𝒂 + 𝒃 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙 and hence 𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 ∫𝝅𝟑 𝟏+ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
√ 𝟔
b
Sol: RHS:  f  a  b  x  dx .......(1)
a
Let a  b  x  t
When x  a , then t  b; When x  b , then t  a
Diff w.r.t.x
 dx  dt  dx  dt
From 1
a
   f  t  dt
b
b b a
  f  t  dt Since  f  x  dx    f  t  dt
a a b
b b b
  f  x  dx Since  f  x  dx   f t  dt = LHS
a a a
Evaluate
π
3
dx
 1+
π tanx
6
 
3 3
dx dx
Let I   
 1  tan x  sin x
6 6
1
cos x

3
cos xdx
I  ......1
 cos x  sin x
6
   
cos    x 
3 6 
3
I  dx
      
cos    x   sin    x 
3 6  3 6 
6
  
cos   x 
2 
3
I dx
    
cos   x   sin   x 
2  2 
6

3
sin x
I  dx ........2
 sin x  cos x
6
Adding 1 & 2

3
 sin x cos x 
2 I     dx
  sin x  cos x sin x  cos x 
6
RK 7204892075 43

3
 sin x  cos x 
2 I    dx
  sin x  cos x 
6

3 
   
2I   dx   x 3    I
 6
3 6 6 12
6
𝒂
𝟐𝒂 𝟐 ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 , 𝒊𝒇 𝒇(𝟐𝒂 − 𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙)
69. Prove that ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 ={ and hence evaluate
𝟎 𝒊𝒇 𝒇(𝟐𝒂 − 𝒙) = −𝒇(𝒙)
𝟐𝝅
∫𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓 𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
2a
Sol: LHS :  f  x  dx
0
2a a a
  f  x  dx   f  x dx   f  2a  x  dx
0 0 0
If f  2a  x   f  x 
2a a a
  f  x  dx   f  x dx   f  x  dx
0 0 0
2a a
  f  x  dx  2 f  x dx
0 0
If f  2a  x    f  x 
2a a a
  f  x  dx   f  x dx   f  x  dx
0 0 0
2a
  f  x  dx  0
0
Evaluate
2π
0
cos 5 xdx
2
I   cos5 xdx
0

I  2  cos5 xdx .......1
0

I  2  cos5   x  dx
0

I  2  cos5  x  dx
0
I  I From 1
2I  0
I 0
RK 7204892075 44
𝒃 𝒄 𝒃 𝟓
70. Prove that ∫𝒂 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝒂 𝒇(𝒙) + ∫𝒄 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 hence evaluate hence evaluate ∫−𝟓|𝒙 + 𝟐|𝒅𝒙
b
Sol: L.H.S  f  x  dx
a
  f  x  a  f  b   f  a 
b
R.H.S
c b
 f  x  dx   f  x  dx
a c
  f  x  a   f  x  c  f  c   f  a   f b   f  c   f b   f  a 
c b
L.H.S = R.H.S
2 5
Evaluate : Let I     x  2 dx    x  2dx
5 2
2 5
 x2   x2 
I     2x     2x 
 2 5  2  2
   2  2
   52      5 2    2 2 
I     2  2      2  5       2 5     2  2     29
 2   2   2   2 
       
RK 7204892075 45
LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEM
71. Solve the following graphically, Minimize and maximize Z  3 x  9 y , subject to the
constraints x  3 y  60; x  y  10; x  y; x  0; y  0
Sol: Consider given constraints as equations
x  3 y  60
X 60 0
Y 0 20
( x, y ) (60, 0) (0,20)
x  y  10
X 10 0
Y 0 10
( x, y ) (10, 0) (0,10)
x y
X 0 10 20
Y 0 10 20
( x, y ) (0, 0) (10,10) (20,20)
The Feasible region ABCD , as shown in the figure.
The minimum value of Z is 60 at (5,5), &

maximum value of Z is 180 (15,15)&(0,20).
RK 7204892075 46
72. Solve the following graphically, Minimize and maximize Z  5 x  10 y , subject to the
constraints x  2 y  120; x  y  60; x  2 y  0; x  0; y  0 .
x  2 y  120
X 120 0
Y 0 60
( x, y ) (120, 0) (0,60)
x  y  60
X 60 0
Y 0 60
( x, y ) (60, 0) (0,60)
x  2 y  0;  x  2 y
X 0 20 40
Y 0 10 20
( x, y ) (0, 0) (20,10) (40,20)
The Feasible region ABCD, as shown in the figure.
The minimum value of Z is 300 at (60,0), & maximum value of Z is 600 (120,0)&(60,30).
RK 7204892075 47
73. Solve the following graphically, Minimize and maximize Z  x  2 y , subject to the
constraints x  2 y  100; 2 x  y  200; 2 x  y  0; x  0; y  0 .
x  2 y  100
X 100 0
Y 0 50
( x, y ) (100, 0) (0,50)
2 x  y  200
X 100 0
Y 0 200
( x, y ) (100, 0) (0,200)
2 x  y  0;  2 x  y
X 0 20 40
Y 0 40 80
( x, y ) (0, 0) (20,40) (40,80)
The Feasible region ABCD, as shown in the figure.
The minimum value of Z is 100 at (0,50) & (20,40)

maximum value of Z is 400 (0,200).
RK 7204892075 48
74. Solve the following graphically, Minimize Z  3 x  4 y , subject to the constraints
x  2 y  8;3 x  2 y  12; x  0; y  0
x  2y  8
X 8 0
Y 0 4
( x, y ) (8, 0) (0,4)
3 x  2 y  12
X 4 0
Y 0 6
( x, y ) (4, 0) (0,6)
The Feasible region OABC, as shown in the figure
The minimum value of Z is -12 at (4,0).
RK 7204892075 49
75. Solve the following graphically, Minimize Z  600 x  400 y , subject to the constraints
x  2 y  12; 2 x  y  12; 4 x  5 y  20 and x  0; y  0 .
x  2 y  12
X 12 0
Y 0 6
( x, y ) (12, 0) (0,6)
2 x  y  12
X 6 0
Y 0 12
( x, y ) (6,0) (0,12)
4 x  5 y  20
X 5 0
Y 0 4
( x, y ) (5,0) (0,4)
The Feasible region ABCDE, as shown in the figure
The minimum value of Z is 4000 at (4,4).
RK 7204892075 50
76. Solve the following problem graphically : Maximize and minimize

Z  10500 x  9000 y Subject to the constraints x  y  50; 2 x  y  80; x  0, y  0
x  y  50
X 50 0
Y 0 50
( x, y ) (50, 0) (0,50)
2 x  y  80
X 40 0
Y 0 80
( x, y ) (40,0) (0,80)
Corner point O(0, 0),B (0, 50),C(40, 0) and E(30, 20)
Minimum value of Z=0 at the point O(0, 0)

Maximum value of Z=495000atthe points E(30, 20).
RK 7204892075 51
CONTNUITY [ 4Mark ]
 kCosx 
 if x 

77. Determine the value of k if f  x      2 x 2 is continuous at x  
3  2
if x 

 2

Sol : Given function is continuous at x 
2
lim f  x   lim f  x   lim f  x 
  
x x x
2 2 2
 
f    3 ….. given ……….1
2
LHL : lim  f  x 
x  / 2
 k cos x 
 lim   
x  / 2    2 x 
 
Let x  h Then x  ,h  0
2 2
  
 k cos  2  h  
 lim   
h0
   2   h  
  
 2 
 
 
 lim 
k sinh   lim  k sinh  lim
sin x
1
h 0    h  0  2h  x 0 x
   2 2  2h 
 
k
 …………..2
2
k
From 1 & 2  3 k 6
2
 Kx  1 if x  5
78. Find the value of K if f  x    is continuous at x  5
3x  5 x  5
Sol: Given function is continuous at x  5
lim f  x   lim f  x   lim f  x 
x  5 x 5 x 5
f  5  k  5  1  5k  1 ……….1
RHL  lim f  x 
x 5
 lim  3x  5
x 5
  3 5  0   5
 15  5  10 …………2
9
From 1&2  5k  1  10  5k  9  k 
5
RK 7204892075 52
1  cos 2 x
 , if x  0
79. Find the value of K if f  x    1  cos x is continuous at x= 0
k , if x  0
Sol : Given function is continuous at x  0
x 0 x 0 x 0
f  0   k ….. given ……….(1)

RHL  lim f  x 
x 0
 1  cos 2 x 
 lim  
x  0  1  cos x 
 2sin 2 x 
 lim  
x 0
 1  cos x 
 2 1  cos 2 x  
 lim  
x 0  1  cos x 
 
 2 1  cos x 1  cos x    2 1  cos x  1  cos x  
 lim    lim  
x 0
 1  cos x  x 0 

1  cos x  


 lim  2 1  cos x    2 1  cos  0 
x 0

  2 1  1 
 4 …………………..(2)
From 1&2  k  4
80. Find the relationship between a and b so that the function f is defined as
ax  1, if x  3
f  x   , is continuous at x=3
bx  3, if x  3
x 3 x 3 x 3
f  3  3a  1 ….. ……….(1)
RHL:  lim f  x 
x 3
 lim  bx  3
x 3
 3b  3 .......2
From 1 & 2  3a  1  3b  3
 3a  3b  2
2 2
 ab   a  b
3 3
  x 2  2 x  , if x  0
81. For what value of  is the function defined by f  x    continuous
4 x  1 , if x  0
at x  0 , what about its continuity at x  1 .
Sol: If function is continuous at x  0
Then , lim f  x   lim f  x   lim f  x 
x 0 x 0 x 0
f  0     0  0  =0 ….. ……….1
RK 7204892075 53
RHL:  lim1 f  x   lim1  4 x  1  1  f  0   RHL
x 0 x 0
f  x  is not continuous at x  0 , x  R
If function is continuous at x  1
Then , f 1  LHL  RHL
f 1  4 1  1  5 ….. ……….1
RHL:  lim1 f  x   lim1  4 x  1
x 1 x 1
  4  1  5
 f 1  RHL  LHL f  x  is continuous at x  1
Thus , for any  value , f  x  is continuous at x  1
 Kx 2 if x  2
82. Find the value of K if f  x    is continuous at x=2
3 if x  2
x 2 x 2 x 2
f  2   k  2   4k ….. …….1
2
RHL: lim f  x   lim 3 =3…………2

x  2 x2
3
From 1&2  4k  3  k 
4
2.DETERMINANTS
 2 3 1 0 0 0
83. If A    , satisfying the equation A2  4A  I  O , Where I    and O   .
1 2  0 1 0 0
Find A-1.
 2 3
Sol: Given A 
1 2 
Given equation A2  4A  I  0
Multiply A 1 on both sides
 
 A 1 A 2  4A  I  A 1  0 
 A1A2  4A1A  A1I  0

 A  4I  A1  0 AA1  I
 A1  4I  A
1 0 2 3
 A 1  4  
0 1  1 2 
4 0 2 3
 
0 4  1 2 
 2 3
 
 1 2 
RK 7204892075 54
 3 1
84. If A    satisfies the equation A2  5 A  7 I  0 , then find the inverse of A using
 1 2
this equation, where I is the identity matrix of order 2.
 3 1
Sol: A   
 1 2
Given equation
A2  5 A  7 I  0
Multiply A1 on both sides
 A1  A2  5 A  7 I   A1  0 
 A1 A2  5 A1 A  7 IA1  0 AA1  I
 A  5 I  7 A 1  0
1
 A 1   5I  A
7
1  5 0   3 1   1  2 1
 A1     
7  0 5   1 2   7 1 3 
PART-A,B and C
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
1 Mark
85. Write the domain and range (principal value branches) of the following inverse
trigonometric functions
Sol: Functions Domain Range ( Principal Value Branch )

  
y  sin 1 x  1,1   2 , 2 
y  cos 1 x  1,1  0,  
  
y  cos ec 1 x R – (-1, 1)   2 , 2   0

y  sec 1 x R –(-1, 1) 0,     
2
  
y  tan 1 x R  , 
 2 2
y  cot 1 x R  0,  
86. Find the principal value of sin 1 1/ 2  
 1  1   
Sol: sin 1    sin  sin 4  = 4
 2  
RK 7204892075 55
87. Find the principal value of sin 1 (1/ 2)
 1 1   
Sol: sin 1      sin 1   =  sin 1  sin   
 2 2  6 6
3
88. Find the principal value of cos1 ( )
2
 3   
Sol: cos 1  = cos1  cos  
 2   6 6
 
89. Find the principal value of cos ec 1  2 
  
Sol: cos ec 1  2   cos ec 1  cos ec  
 6 6
90. Find the principal value of tan 1  3  

 
 
Sol: tan 1  3 =  tan 1  3  =  tan
 1
 tan  =  3
 3
 1
91. Find the principal value of cos 1   
 2
 1 1    2
Sol: cos1       cos1   =   cos1  cos  =   
 2 2  3 3 3
92. Find the principal value of tan 1 (1)
  
Sol: tan 1  1   tan 1 1   tan 1  tan   
 4 4
 1 
93. Find the principal value of cot 1   
 3
 1  1  1  1    2
Sol: cot 1       cot   =   cot  cot 3    
 3  3   3 3
 2 
94. Find the principal value of sec 1  
 3
 2  1   
Sol: sec1    sec  sec 6   6
 3  
95. Find the principal value of cot 1  3
 
Sol: cot 1  3   cot 1 
 cot  
 6 6
96. Find the principal value of cos ec1  2  
 
 
Sol: cos ec1  2   cos ec1  2  = cos ec 1 
 cos ec   
 4 4
RK 7204892075 56
 1 
97. Find the principal value of cos1   
 2
 1  1  1  1    3
Sol: cos1       cos   =   cos  cos 4  =   4  4
 2  2  
98. Find the principal value of tan 1  3
 
Sol: tan 1  3   tan

 tan  
 3 3
1
99. Find the principal value of s ec1 (2)

       2
Sol: sec1 (2)    sec1  2     sec1  sec       
  3   3 3
1 1
100. Evaluate cos 1  2sin 1
2 2
1 1
Sol: cos 1  2sin 1
2 2
   
 cos1  cos   2sin 1  sin 
 3  6
  
  2 
3 6
  2
  
3 3 3
MATRIX
1) For any square matrix A with real number entries, A + A′ is a symmetric matrix
and A – A′ is a skew symmetric matrix
Sol: Let B = A + A′, then
B′ = (A + A′)′
= A′ + (A′)′ (as (A + B)′ = A′ + B′)
= A′ + A (as (A′)′ = A)
= A + A′ (as A + B = B + A)
=B
Therefore B = A + A′ is a symmetric matrix
Now let C = A – A′
C′ = (A – A′)′
= A′ – A
= – (A – A′)
=–C Therefore C = A – A′ is a skew symmetric matrix.
3 5
2) Express the matrix A    as the sum of symmetric and skew-symmetric matrix
1 1
Sol :Let
3 5 
A  , then A=P+Q
1 1
P   A  A1  and Q   A  A1 
1 1
2 2
RK 7204892075 57
3 1 
Here A1   
5 1
3 5  3 1  6 6 
 A  A1      
1 1 5 1 6 2
 P   A  A1 
1
2
1  6 6  3 3 
   , P is symmetric matrix
2 6 2 3 1
3 5  3 1   0 4
 A  A1     
1 1 5 1  4 0
 Q   A  A1 
1
2
1  0 4  0 2
   , Q is skew symmetric matrix
2 4 0 2 0
Now , A=P+Q
3 3   0 2 3 5 
   
3 1 2 0 1 1
 1 5
3) Express the matrix A    as the sum of symmetric and skew-symmetric
 1 2
matrix
 1 5
Sol: Let A    , then A=P+Q
 1 2
P   A  A1  and Q   A  A1 
1 1
2 2
1 1
Here A1   
5 2 
 1 5 1 1  2 4
 A  A1      
1 2 5 2   4 4
1  2 4 1 2 
 P   A  A1   
1
 , P is symmetric matrix
2 2 4 4  2 2
 1 5 1 1  0 6
 A  A1     
 1 2 5 2   6 0
1  0 6   0 3
 Q   A  A1   
1
 , Q is skew symmetric matrix
2 2 6 0  3 0
Now , A=P+Q
 1 2   0 3  1 5 
   
 2 2  3 0  1 2
RK 7204892075 58
1 5 
4) For a matrix A    , verify that (i) A  A1 is a symmetric matrix
6 7 
(ii) A  A is a skew- symmetric matrix.
1
1 5 
Sol: Let A    , then A=P+Q
6 7 
P   A  A1  and Q   A  A1 
1 1
2 2
1 6 
Here A1   
5 7 
1 5 1 6  2 11
 A  A1      
6 7  5 7  11 14
1  2 11  1 11/ 2
 P   A  A1   
1
  , P is symmetric matrix
2 2 11 14 11/ 2 7 
1 5 1 6 0 1
 A  A1     
6 7  5 7  1 0 
1 0 1  0 1/ 2
 Q   A  A1   
1
 , Q is skew symmetric matrix
2 2 1 0  1/ 2 0 
Now , A=P+Q
 1 11/ 2  0 1/ 2 1 5 
  
11/ 2 7  1/ 2 0  6 7 
DETERMINANTS
1. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (3,8), (-4, 2) and (5, 1).
Sol : Given (3,8), (-4, 2) and (5, 1).
x1 y1 1 3 8 1
1 1
Area of triangle  x2 y2 1  4 2 1
2 2
x3 y3 1 5 1 1
1 2 1 4 1 4 2 
 3 8 1 
2 1 1 5 1 5 1
  3  2  1  8  4  5   1 4  10  
1
2
1
  3  72  14    61 squareunits
1
2 2
2. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (-2,-3), (3, 2) and (-1, -8).
Sol : Given (-2,-3), (3, 2) and (-1, -8)
x1 y1 1 2 3 1
1 1
Area of triangle  x2 y2 1  3 2 1
2 2
x3 y3 1 1 8 1
  2  2  8   3  3  1  1 24  2  
1
2
1
  20  12  22 
2
1
  30   15 squareunits ( area must be always +ve )
2
RK 7204892075 59
3. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (2,7), (1,1) and (10, 8).
Sol : Given (2,7), (1,1) and (10, 8).
x1 y1 1 2 7 1
1 1
2 2
x3 y3 1 10 8 1
  2 1  8   7 1  10   1 8  10  
1
2
1 1
  14  63  2    47  squareunits
2 2
4. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (1,0), (6,0) and (4,3).
Sol : Given (1,0), (6,0) and (4,3).
x1 y1 1 1 0 1
1 1
2 2
x3 y3 1 4 3 1
 1 0  3  0  6  4   118  0  
1
2
1 1
  3  18   15  squareunits
2 2
5. Find the values of k if area of triangle is 4 sq. units and vertices are
(k, 0), (4, 0), (0, 2).
Sol : Given (k, 0), (4, 0), (0, 2) and area of triangle is 4 sq
x1 y1 1 k 0 1
1 1
Area of triangle  x2 y2 1  4 0 1  4
2 2
x3 y3 1 0 2 1
  k  0  2   0  4  0   1 8  0    4
1
2
  2k  8  8
  2k  8  8 and   2k  8  8
k 0 and  k  8
(-2, 0), (0,4), (0, k).
Sol : Given (-2, 0), (0,4), (0, k) and area of triangle is 4 sq
x1 y1 1
1
Area of triangle  x2 y2 1
2
x3 y3 1
2 0 1
1
 0 4 1  4
2
0 k 1
  2  4  k   0  0  0   1 0  0    4
1
2
  8  2k   8
  2k  8   8 and   2k  8  8
k 8 and k 0
RK 7204892075 60
(2,-6), (5,4), (k,4).
Sol : Given (2,-6), (5,4), (k,4) and area of triangle is 35 sq
x1 y1 1
1
Area of triangle  x2 y2 1
2
x3 y3 1
2 6 1
1
 5 4 1  35
2
k 4 1
  2  4  4   6  5  k   1 20  4k    35
1
2
  50  10k   70
  50  10k   70 and   50  10k   70
 k  2 and  k  12
8. Find the equation of the line passing from the points  3,1 and  9,3 using
determinants.
Sol: Let P  x, y  be the point on the line joining the points  3,1 and  9,3
points are collinear , then area of triangle must be zero
x y 1
1
 3 1 1 0
2
9 3 1
x y 1
 3 1 1 0
9 3 1
 x 1  3  y  3  9   1 9  9   0
 x  3y  0
9. Find the equation of the line passing from the points 1, 2  and  3, 6  using
determinants.
Sol: Let P  x, y  be the point on the line joining the points 1, 2  and  3,6 
points are collinear , then area of triangle must be zero
x y 1 x y 1
1
 1 2 1 0 1 2 1 0
2
3 6 1 3 6 1
 x  2  6   y 1  3  1 6  6   0
 2x  y  0
RK 7204892075 61
APPLICATION OF INTEGRATION
1. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y 2  x and the lines x  1; x  4 and
the x- axis in the first quadrant
Sol: Equation of the curve (rightward parabola) is y 2  x
y  x ……….(i)
 Required area (shaded region)
4
  ydx
1
4
 
1
xdx [From eq. (i)]
4 1
  x 2 dx
1
4
 3
 x2 
  
3
 
 2 1
 3   3  
 4 2   12  
      
 3   3  
 2   2  
2 3 3

  4  2  1 2 
3 
2  2 32 3
  2   1 2 
3 
2 3 3
 2 2 14
   2   1 2
  8  1  7  sq units
3  3 3 3
2. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y 2  9 x, x  2; x  4 and the x-axis in
the first quadrant.
Sol: Equation of the curve (rightward parabola) is y 2  9 x
 y  3 x ……….(i)
Required area (shaded region) bounded by curve y 2  9 x (vertical lines x  2; x  4 )
and x-axis in first quadrant.
4
  ydx
2
4
  3 xdx [From eq. (i)]
2
4 1
 3  x dx 2
RK 7204892075 62
4
 3
 x2 
3 
3
 
 2 2
 3   3  
 4 2   2 2  
 3      
 3   3  
 2   2  
3.2  32 3

  4    2  2

3  
 3 1

 2   2 2  2   23  2 
 
 3 
 
1
 2  2   8 2   2 8  2 2   4 4  2 sq units
 
3. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y  x 2 and the line y=4.
Sol: Equation of curve (parabola) is y  x 2
 x  y ……….(i)
Since the given curve represented by the equation y = x2 is a parabola symmetrical
about y-axis only, therefore, from Fig, the required area of the region AOBA is given by
4
 2  xdy
0
4
2 0
ydy [From eq. (i)]
4 1
 2  y 2 dy
0
4
 3
 y2 
2 
3
 
 2 0
 3   3 
 4 2   02 
 2   3 
 3   
 2   2  
2  32 3

2  4    0  2

3 
4  2 32 
  2  
3 
4
  2  
3
3  
32
 sq units
3
RK 7204892075 63
4. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y 2  4 x and the line x=3.
Sol: Equation of the curve (rightward parabola) is y 2  4 x
 y  2 x ……….(i)
Required area (shaded region) bounded by curve y 2  4 x (vertical lines x  3 ).
3
 2  ydx
0
3
 2  2 xdx [From eq. (i)]
0
3 1
 4  x 2 dx
0
3
 3
 x2 
4 
3
 
 2 0
 3   3  
 3 2   0 2  
 4      
 3   3  
 2   2  
4.2  32 3

   3    0  2

3  
8  3 12 
  3  
3 
8 1

   27  2

3 
 8 3 sq units
5. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y 2  4 x , y-axis and the line y=3 .
y2
Sol: Equation of the curve (parabola) is y 2  4 x  x
4
Required area = Area OAB
3
  xdy
0
3
y2
 dy
0 4
1   33   03   9
3
1  y3 
            Sq units
4  3 0 4  3   3  4
RK 7204892075 64
6. Find the area bounded by the curve 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 between 𝒙 = 𝟎 and 𝒙 = 𝟐𝝅.
Sol: Area required = Area OAB + Area BCD
 2
  sin x dx   sin x dx
0 
 2
   cos x 0    cos x 
  cos   cos 0   cos 2  cos  
   1  1   1   1  2  2  4
7. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve x 2  4 y ; y  2; y  4 and the
y- axis in the first quadrant.
Sol: Equation of curve (parabola) is x 2  4 y
 x  2 y ……….(i)
Required (shaded) area bounded by curve x 2  4 y (Horizontal lines y  2; y  4 ) and y-axis
in first quadrant.
4
  xdy
2
4
  2 ydy [From eq. (i)]
2
4 1
 2  y dy 2
2
4
 3
 y2 
2 
3
 
 2 2
 3   3 
 4 2   22 
 2   3 
 3   
 2   2  
2  32 3

2  4    2  2

3 
4  2 32 3 2
1

3
  2    2  

4 3  4
 
1
8
   2    8  2
  8  2 2   4  2 sq units
3  3 3
RK 7204892075 65
DEFFERANTIAL EQUATION
Determine order and degree (if defined) of the following differential equations
dy
 cos x  0 Order - 1 ; Degree – 1
dx
2
d2y  dy   dy 
xy 2  x    y    0 Order - 2 ; Degree – 1
dx  dx   dx 
y111  y 2  e y  0
1
Order - 3 ; Degree – Not Defined
d4y  d3y 
 sin  3 0 Order - 4 ; Degree - Not Defined
dx 4  dx 
2
 d2y   dy 
 2   cos    0 Order - 2 ; Degree – Not Defined
 dx   dx 
3
 d 2 y   dy 
2
 dy 
 2      sin    1  0 Order - 2 ; Degree – Not Defined
 dx   dx   dx 
d4y  d3y 
 sin  3 0 Order - 4 ; Degree – Not Defined
dx 4  dx 
y1  5 y  0 Order - 1 ; Degree - 1
 d 2s 
4
 ds 
   3s  2 0 Order - 2 ; Degree - 1
 dt   dt 
d2y
 cos3 x  sin 3 x Order - 2 ; Degree - 1
dx 2
y  y  y 
111 2 11 3 1 4
 y5  0 Order - 3 ; Degree – 2
y111  2 y11  y1  0 Order - 3 ; Degree – 1
y  ye
1 x
Order - 1 ; Degree - 1
y11   y1   2 y  0
2
Order - 2 ; Degree - 1
y11  2 y1  sin y  0 Order - 2 ; Degree - 1
2
d y dy
2x2 2
3  y  0 Order - 2 ; Degree - 1
dx dx
2
d2y  dy 
 5 x    6 y  log x Order - 2 ; Degree – 1
 dx 
2
dx
3 2
 dy   dy 
   4    7 y  sin x Order - 1 ; Degree – 3
 dx   dx 
2 3
 d 3 y   d 2 y  dy
 3   2    y0 Order - 3 ; Degree – 2
 dx   dx  dx
2
 dy  dy
    sin y  0 Order - 1 ; Degree – 2
2
 dx  dx
RK 7204892075 66
THREE-D GEOMETRY
1. Find the direction cosines of x, y and z axis
0 0 0
Sol: The direction cosines of X-axis are 1,0,0 (or) cos0 ,cos90 ,cos90
0 0 0
The direction cosines of Y-axis are 0,1,0 (or) cos90 ,cos0 ,cos90
The direction cosines of Z-axis are 0,0,1 (or) cos 900 , cos 900 , cos 00
0 0 0
2. If a line makes angle 90 ,60 & 30 with positive direction of x, y & z axis respectively
, find its DC’s.
0 0 0 1 3
Sol: The Dc’s of given line are cos90 ,cos60 ,cos30 (or) 0, ,
2 2
3. If a line makes angle 90 ,135 &45 with positive direction of x, y & z axis
0 0 0
respectively , find its DC’s.

0 0 0 1 1
Sol: The Dc’s of given line are cos90 ,cos135 ,cos 45 (or) 0,  ,
2 2
4. If a line has the direction ratios -18,12,-4 then what are its direction cosines
Sol: Given DR’s a  18 ; b  12; c  4
a b c
DC’s l   2 ; m ; n
a  b2  c 2 a 2  b2  c 2 a 2  b2  c 2
18 12 4
l ;m   ;n  
22 22 22
5. If a line has the direction ratios 2,-1,-2 then what are its direction cosines
Sol: Given DR’s a  2 ; b  1; c  2

a b c
DC’s l   2 ; m ; n
a  b2  c 2 a 2  b2  c 2 a 2  b2  c 2
2 1 2
l   ;m   ;n  
3 3 3
6. Find the direction cosines of a line which makes equal angles with the
positive coordinate axes
Sol: Given     
We know that , cos   cos   cos   1
2 2 2
 3cos 2   1 ( Since      )
1 1
 cos 2    cos   
3 3
1 1 1
DC’s of the line are  , ,
3 3 3
x 1 2z  3
7. Find the direction ratio of the line  3y 
2 4
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
Sol: Comparing the given lines with the standard form  
a b c
Here a,b,c are DR’s of the line
 3
z  
x 1 y  2 1
  2, , 2 are the DR’s of the given line
2 1 4 3
3
RK 7204892075 67
8. Find the direction cosines of the unit vector perpendicular to the plane
⃗⃗ (𝟔𝒊 − 𝟑𝒋 − 𝟐𝒌) + 𝟏 = 𝟎
𝒓.
Sol: The equation of the plane is 𝑟.
⃗⃗ (6𝑖 − 3𝑗 − 2𝑘) + 1 = 0
To find the direction cosines of the normal through the origin, we must write the equation
in normal form as follows
 
 r . 6i  3 j  2k  1  0
 r .  6i  3 j  2k   1
 6i  3 j  2k  1
 r . 
 36  9  4  36  9  4
 6i  3 j  2k  1
 r . 
 7  7
6 3 2
Hence, direction cosines of the normal vector through the origin are  , ,
7 7 7
VECTORS
1. Find the area of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides determine by the vectors
a  i  j k & b  i  j k .
Sol: Given a  i  j  k & b  i  j  k
Area of parallelogram aXb
i j k
1 1 1 1 1 1
 aXb  1 1 1  i j k
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
 i 1  1  j 1  1  k  1  1
 2 j  2k
 aXb   2   2
2 2
 8 square units
2. Find the area of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides determine by the
vectors a  3i  j  4k & b  i  j  k
Sol: Given , a  3i  j  4k & b  i  j  k
i j k
 aXb  3 1 4
1 1 1
1 4 3 4 3 1
i j k
1 1 1 1 1 1
 i 1  4   j  3  4   k  3  1
 5i  j  4k
 aXb   5  1   4
2 2 2
 25  1  16  42 square units
RK 7204892075 68
3. Find the area of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides determine by the vectors
a  i  j  3k & b  2i  7 j  k .
Sol: Given , a  i  j  3k & b  2i  7 j  k
i j k
 aXb  1 1 3
2 7 1
1 3 1 3 1 1
i j k
7 1 2 1 2 7
 i  1  21  j 1  6   k  7  2 
 20i  5 j  5k  aXb   20   5   5

2 2 2
 400  25  25  450 square units
4. Obtain the projection of the vector a  2i  3 j  2k on the vector b  i  2 j  k .

Sol: Given a  2i  3 j  2k and b  i  2 j  k
Projection a on b 
a.b

 2i  3 j  2 k  .  i  2 j  k   2  6  2 
10
b 1
2
  2   1
2 2 1 4 1 6
5. Obtain the projection of the vector a  i  3 j  7k on the vector b  7i  j  8k .

Sol: Given a  i  3 j  7k and b  7i  j  8k
Projection a on b 
a.b

 i  3 j  7k . 7i  j  8k   7  3  56

60
b 7
2
  1   8 
2 2 49  1  64 114
RK 7204892075 69
Additional Questions
Section formula ( Internally )
Let us consider two points P and Q denoted by position vectors OQ and OP with respect
to origin O
Let us consider the line segment connecting P and Q is divided by a point R lying on PQ.
The point R can divide the line segment PQ in two ways: internally and externally. Let us
consider both these cases individually.
Line segment PQ is divided by R internally
Let us consider the point R divides the line segment PQ in the ratio m: n, given that m
and n are positive scalar quantities we can say that,
OR  r ; OP  a ; OQ  b
m PR Q
 
n RQ
m OR  OP
  n
n OQ  OR b
m r a
 
n b r
r R
O
 
 m b  r  nr  a 
a
m
 mb  mr  nr  na
P
 mb  na  nr  mr
mb  na
r 
mn
Therefore the position vector of point R dividing P and Q internally in the ratio m:n is
mb  na
given by:  OR 
mn
6. Find the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining two points P
and Q whose position vectors are iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ and iˆ  ˆj  kˆ respectively, in the ratio
2 : 1, Internally & Externally.
Sol : Let , OP  i  2 j  k & OQ  i  j  k
2OQ  OP
Internally : OR 
2 1
 OR 
  
2 i  j  k  i  2 j  k 
i  4 j  k
2 1 3
2OQ  OP
Externally : OR 
2 1
 OR 
  
2 i  j  k  i  2 j  k 

3i  3k
2 1 1
RK 7204892075 70
7. Consider two points P and Q with position vectors OP  3a  2b & OQ  a  b . Find the
position vector of a point R which divides the line joining P and Q in the ratio 2:1,
(i) internally, and (ii) externally
Sol: Let , OP  3a  2b & OQ  a  b
Internally : OR 
2OQ  OP
 OR 
2 a  b  3a  2b 
 OR 
 
2a  2b  3a  2b 5a


2 1 2 1 3 3
Externally : OR 
2OQ  OP
 OR 
2 a  b  3a  2b 
 a  4b
  
2 1 2 1
8. If a  2i  2 j  3k , b  i  2 j  k & c  3i  j are such that a  b is perpendicular to c ,
then find the value of  .
Sol: Given vectors a  2i  2 j  3k , b  i  2 j  k & c  3i  j
such that a  b is perpendicular to c ( i.e)  a  b .c  0  
  
 2i  2 j  3k   i  2 j  k . 3i  j   0
  2i  2 j  3k  i  2 j  k  .  3i  j   0
   2    i   2  2  j   3    k . 3i  j   0
   2   .3   2  2 .1   3   .0   0
  6  3  2  2   0    8
9. If a, b , c are three unit vectors such that a  b  c  0 . Find the value of a.b  b.c  c.a
Sol: Given a, b , c are three unit vectors ( i.e ) a  b  c  1
Also given
a b c 0
Squaring on both sides
 
2
 a b c 0
 
2
 a  b  c  2 a.b  bc  ca  0
2 2
 
 1  1  1  2 a.b  bc  ca  0
3
 2  a.b  bc  ca   3   a.b  bc  ca  
2
10. If a, b , c satisfy the condition a  b  c  0 , Evaluate the quantity   a.b  b.c  c.a , if
a  1, b  4 & c  2 .
Sol: Given a  1; b  4; c  2 Also given,  a  b  c  0
Squaring on both sides
 
2
 a b c 0
 
2
 a  b  c  2 a.b  bc  ca  0
2 2

 1  16  4  2 a.b  bc  ca  0 
21
  
 21  2 a.b  bc  ca  0  2 a.b  bc  ca  21  a.b  bc  ca     2
RK 7204892075 71
11. Let a, b , c are three vectors such that a  3 , b  4 and c  5 and each one of them
being perpendicular to the sum of the other two , find a  b  c
Sol : Given a, b , c are three vectors such that a  3 , b  4 and c  5 and also given that
Each one of them being perpendicular to the sum of the other two
a is perpendicular to sum of b & c , then  a. b  c  0  a.b  a.c  0 …1  
b is perpendicular to sum of c & a , then  b . c  a   0  bc  ba  0 …2
c is perpendicular to sum of a & b , then  
 c. a  b  0  ca  cb  0 …3
Adding 1 , 2 & 3
 a.b  a.c  bc  ba  a.b  a.c  0  2 a.b  bc  a.c  0 ……4  
 
2
Let ,  a b c
 
2
 a  b  c  2 a.b  bc  ca
2 2
 9  16  25  2  0  
From 4, 2 a.b  bc  a.c  0  
 50
 
2
 a b c  50
 a  b  c   50 [ Note : Don’t forgot to eliminate square ]
12. Find the unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors a  b & a  b , where    
a  i  j  k & b  i  2 j  3k .
Sol: Given , a  i  j  k & b  i  2 j  3k
 a  b  i  j  k  i  2 j  3k  a  b  2i  3 j  4k
 a  b  i  j  k  i  2 j  3k  a  b   j  2k

vector perpendicular to both a  b & a  b is = a  b X a  b       
  
Let  a  b X a  b  c 
i j k
c  2 3 4
0 1 2
3 4 2 4 2 3
i j k
1 2 0 2 0 1
 i  6  4   j  4  0   k  2  0 
 2i  4 j  2k
Required unit vector is
c
c 
c
2i  4 j  2k 2i  4 j  2k
 
 2    4    2 
2 2 2
2 6
RK 7204892075 72
13. Find the unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors a  b & a  b , where    
a  3i  2 j  2k & b  i  2 j  2k .
Sol: Given a  3i  2 j  2k & b  i  2 j  2k
 a  b  3i  2 j  2k  i  2 j  2k  a  b  4i  4 j
 a  b  3i  2 j  2k  i  2 j  2k  a  b  2i  4k
  
vector perpendicular to both a  b & a  b is = a  b X a  b     
  
Let  a  b X a  b  c 
i j k
4 0 4 0 4 4
c  4 4 0 i j k  i 16   j 16   k  8   16i 16 j  8k
0 4 2 4 2 0
2 0 4
c
c 
c
16i  16 j  8k

16    16    8
2 2 2
16i  16 j  8k 16i  16 j  8k 2 2 1
   i  j k
576 24 3 3 3
14. Find the unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors
 a  b  &  a  b  , where a  5i  j  3k & b  i  3 j  5k
Sol : Given , a  5i  j  3k & b  i  3 j  5k
 a  b  5i  j  3k  i  3 j  5k
 a  b  6i  2 j  8k
 a  b  5i  j  3k  i  3 j  5k
 a  b  4i  4 j  2k
  
vector perpendicular to both a  b & a  b is = a  b X a  b     
  
Let  a  b X a  b  c 
i j k
 c  6 2 8
4 4 2
2 8 6 8 6 2
i j k
4 2 4 2 4 4
 i  4  32   j 12  32   k  24  8   28i  44 j  32k
c
c 
c
28i  44 j  32k 28i  44 j  32k 28i  44 j  32k
  
 28
2
  44    32 
2 2
784  1936  1024 3744
RK 7204892075 73
LINEAR PROGRAMMING
1 MARK
1. What are linear programming problems?
The problems in which we have to maximize or minimize a linear function subject to
certain conditions determined by a set of linear inequalities with variables as non-
negative are called linear programming problems
2. What is linear objective function?
A linear function f  ax  by; a, b are constants, which has to be maximized or minimized is
called a linear objective function.
3. Define constraints.
The linear inequalities or equations or restrictions on the variables of a linear
programming problem is called constraints.
4. Define optimisation problem.
A problem which seeks to maximize or minimize a linear function subject to certain
constraints as determined by a set of linear inequalities is called as optimisation
problem.
5. Define feasible region ?
The common region determined by all the constraints including non-negative
constraints x, y  0 of a linear programming problem is called feasible region.
6. What are feasible solutions and infeasible solutions?
Points within and on the boundary of the feasible region represent feasible solutions of
the constraints. Any point outside the feasible region is called an infeasible solution.
7. What is an optimal solution?
Any point in the feasible region that gives the optimal value (maximum or minimum) of
the objective function is called an optimal solution.
8. Define Objective function ?
A Linear function of the involved variables , which we want to maximize or minimize
subject to the given linear constraints is known as objective function .
Minimum Marks Scoring Problems

 Applying log on both sides problems ( Ex 5.5 )
Eg: y  log x log x
Apply log on both sides

log y  log x  log  log x   ( you will get 1M ) ( log a m  m log a )
 Show that Equivalence Relation ( Definitions For Reflexive , Symmetric & transitive )
 Based on UV or  e x  f  x   f 1  x   dx  e x f  x   c ( Ex.7.6 )
d 
 UV : Formula -  UVdx  U  Vdx   U   Vdx  dx
 dx 
 Ex 13.3 ( Baye’s Theorem ) Formula (1M)
RK 7204892075 74

II Puc Maths Passing Package 2021

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

II Puc Maths Passing Package 2021

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PRAGATHI PU COLLEGE , KADUGODI , BLR-67

PASSING PACKAGE – 2020-2021 (upto 54 markes)

Onto: f  x   y , y  R  1  x  y  x  y  1 ∉ 𝑹 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒚 < 𝟏;

 f is not onto function

12. If A=[𝟑 √𝟑 𝟐] and B =[𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐

14. Solve the following system of equation by matrix method.

17. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method:

20. Solve the system of linear equations by matrix method:

Sol: Let y  Aemx  Benx

 Am2emx  Bn2enx   mAmemx  mBnenx  nAmemx  nBnenx    mnAemx  mnBenx 

24. If 𝐲 = (𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝐱)𝟐 then show that (𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏)𝟐 𝐲𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱 (𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏) 𝐲𝟏 = 𝟐.

 12e2 x  18e3 x    30e2 x  30e3 x   18e2 x  12e3 x 

the 𝐲 − coordinate is changing 8 times as fast as the 𝒙 −coordinate.

Sol: Let AB be the 5m ladder,

Let us consider x=asec𝜃,

I  log x  x 2  a 2  log a  c  log x  x 2  a 2  C

Adding and Subtracting ‘x’ on Nr

Total shaded area

Comparing the above function with below formula

Comparing the above function with below formula

Area of OAC = Area OCX + Area XCA

 f  x   sin 7  x   f   x   sin 7   x    sin  x    f  x 

(1) + (2) gives

( x, y ) (0, 0) (10,10) (20,20)

The Feasible region ABCD , as shown in the figure.

The minimum value of Z is 60 at (5,5), &

( x, y ) (0, 0) (20,10) (40,20)

The Feasible region ABCD, as shown in the figure.

( x, y ) (0, 0) (20,40) (40,80)

The Feasible region ABCD, as shown in the figure.

The minimum value of Z is 100 at (0,50) & (20,40)

The Feasible region OABC, as shown in the figure

The minimum value of Z is -12 at (4,0).

The Feasible region ABCDE, as shown in the figure

The minimum value of Z is 4000 at (4,4).

76. Solve the following problem graphically : Maximize and minimize

Corner point O(0, 0),B (0, 50),C(40, 0) and E(30, 20)

Minimum value of Z=0 at the point O(0, 0)

f  0   k ….. given ……….(1)

RHL: lim f  x   lim 3 =3…………2

 A1A2  4A1A  A1I  0

Multiply A1 on both sides

 A1 A2  5 A1 A  7 IA1  0 AA1  I

Sol: Functions Domain Range ( Principal Value Branch )

90. Find the principal value of tan 1  3  

99. Find the principal value of s ec1 (2)

respectively , find its DC’s.

Sol: Given DR’s a  2 ; b  1; c  2

 20i  5 j  5k  aXb   20   5   5

 400  25  25  450 square units

4. Obtain the projection of the vector a  2i  3 j  2k on the vector b  i  2 j  k .

5. Obtain the projection of the vector a  i  3 j  7k on the vector b  7i  j  8k .

being perpendicular to the sum of the other two , find a  b  c

Minimum Marks Scoring Problems

Apply log on both sides

You might also like