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II PUC One Mark And Long Questions with Answers

TEXT:SPRINGS
Engl
ishCourseBook
SecondYearPre-Uni
ver
sit
y

1.ROMEOANDJULI ET
-Wi
l
li
am Shakespear
e
Answert
hef
oll
owi
nginaword,
phraseorasent
ence[
1mar
keach]

QUESTI
ONS ANSWERS
1 Whatdi
dJuliett
eachthetor
ches? Toburnbright
2 WheredidJuli
etseem t
ohangupon? Uponthecheekofnight
3 TowhichornamentwasJulietcompar
ed? Ari
chjewel i
nEthi
ope’s
ear
4 Whatdoest hephr ase‘
ear t
ht oodear’ Ararebeauty
mean?
5 Whoi scompar edt oasnowydov e? Jul
i
et
6 Whendot hehandsofRomeobecome Whenhet
ouchesJul
i
et
bl
essed?
7 whatdoesJul ietcompar eRomeowi th? Tothedayinni
ght
8 Whatdoest hephr ase‘
newsnow’ mean? Loveaspureassnow
9 WhatdoesJul i
etwantRomeot obecome Li
tt
lestar
s
af
terherdeath?
10 WhydoesJul i
etwantRomeot obecome Sothatall
theworldwi
l
l
l
it
tl
estarsafterherdeath? beinlovewit
hnight
11 Whenwi l
lRomeomaket hefaceofheav en Whenhei scutandmade
sofi
ne? i
ntoli
ttl
estar
s
12 HadRomeoev erseentruebeautytil
lthat No
ni
ght?

KEYPOI NTSONTHEPOEM
 ThecityofVer ona
 RomeoandJul iet
 Noblefamilies-Mont aguesandCapul ets/ani
mosity
 Capulets’
par ty
 I
ntenseandpassi onatelove
 Romeo’ sglorif
icati
onofJul i
et’
sbeaut y
 Jul
iet’
sbeaut ysur passesthebrightnessoftorches
 Arichjewel
 Jul
ietiscompar edtoasnowydov e
 Romeomeet saf t
erthedance
 Jul
ietprai
sesRomeo
 Compar estot hedayi nnight
 Newsnowonr avensback
 Shewant sRomeot obel i
tt
lest
ar safterherdeath

1
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QUESTI
ONS
1) HowdoesRomeogl
ori
fyJul
i
et’
sbeaut
y?
2)Whyaccordi
ngt
oJul
ietwoul
dallt
heworl
dst
opwor
shi
ppi
ngt
hegar
ishsun?

Thepoem RomeoandJul ieti sanext ractfrom Wi ll

iam Shakespear e’st ragedy‘Romeo
andJul i
et’.Mont aguesandCapul etswer ethet wonobl efami l
iesofVer ona.Theywer e
archr ivalsandknownf ort heiranimosi ty.ThoughRomeobel ongedt oMont agues,he
attendedt hepar tyhost edbyCapul ets, i
ndisguise.Ther eint hepar t
yhesawJul i
etand
wasf ascinat edbyherenchant i
ngbeaut y.Thepoem expr essesRomeoandJul i
et’
s
i
nt enseandpassi onatel ovef oreachot her.
Romeo gl ori
f i
es the beaut y ofJul iet.He f i
nds t hatherbeaut y
sur passest hebr i
ght nessoft hebur ni
ngt orches.Andsheseemst ohangupont he
cheekofni ghtli
kear i
chj eweli nEthiope’sear.Romeowasf ascinat edbyt herichand
rarebeaut yofJul iet.Hecompar esherwi thasnowydov eamongt het roopingcr ows.
Heexpr esseshi sdesi ret omeetandt ouchher .Sot hathisr udehandswi l
lbecome
blessed.Heopenl yadmi tst hathehadnev erseensuchat ruebeaut yi nhi sli
fe.
Jul i
eti s al so equal l
yf ascinated by t he handsome and br i
ght
per sonalit
yofRomeo.Shecompar eshi mt othedayi nni ghtandpr ai seshi sattracti
ve
disposition.Shecal l
shi sl ov eanewwhi tesnowwhi chi spureandper fect.Juli
etwant s
Romeot obecuti ntol i
ttlest arsaf t
erherdeat h,sot hathewi l
lmaket hef aceofheav en
sof ine.Andt heent i
rewor l
dwi llfal
li
nl ovewi t
hni ghtforgetti
ngt hegar nishSun.

2.TOODEAR
-LeoTol
stoy

Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nawor
d,phr
aseorasent
ence[
1mar
keach]

QUESTI ONS ANSWERS

1 Wheredidthekingdom ofMonacol ie? Neart hebordersofFranceand
I
tal
y
2 Whatwast hepopulationofMonaco? Sev ent housand
3 Howmanysol diersdidt hearmyof Si
xtysol di
ers
Monacohav e?
4 Namet hethi
ngsthatwer etaxedin Tobacco, wine,
spir
it
sanda
Monaco. pol
l-t
ax
5 Wheredidthespecialsour ceof Gami nghouse
rev
enuecomef rom fort heking?
6 Namet hegamepl ayedi nMonaco. Roulette
7 Whatwast heunusual incidentt
hat Amur der
happenedinMonaco?

2
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8 Whatwast hehi tchintheexecutionof Theyneitherhadaguil

l
otine
thecr i
minal? noranexper t
.
9 Whatwast hepuni shmentawar dedt o Tohav ehisheadcutoff
/death
thecr i
minal? puni
shment .
10 Whathel pdi dt hekingofMonacoseek Amachi neandanexperttocut
from France? theheadof f
11 Whodi dtheki ngofMonacoconsi der ThekingofI t
aly
.
the‘brotherofmonar ch’
?
12 Whatwast heonl ywayt ogetridoft he Topayhi
m pensi
on
criminal?
13 Whatwast hesum f ixedaspensi on? 600Fr
ancs
14 Wher edidt hecr iminalsett
leatthe Acr
ossthef
ront
ier
end?
15 Whatdi dt hecr iminaldowithhis Heboughtabi
tofl
and
annuity?
16 Whatwasnewi t
em ofexpenditurethat Theexpensesoft
hecr
imi
nal
thekingnot iced? andtheguard.

KEYPOI
NTSONTHELESSON

 Monaco-at i
nylittl
ekingdom
 Vari
oust axes
 Gaminghouse-aspeci alsourceofincome
 Murder-theunusual i
ncident
 Deathsent ence
 Nogui l
loti
neoranexper t
 Kingwr i
testoFr anceandI tal
ybutpr ovedcostl
y
 Changeofdeat hsentencei nt
ol i
fei
mpr isonment
 600francsannual maintenance
 Thecr i
minal doesnotwantt oleave
 Pension/onet hi
rdofannui tyinadvance
 Thecr i
minal l
eav es

QUESTIONS
1)Whatmadet hekingofMonacoal t
erhi
sdecisionsindeal
i
ngwiththecri
minal
?
2)Whydi dtheauthorit
iesinMonacofai
ltocarr
youtthedeathsent
ence?
3)Whywast hecri
mi nalf
inal
l
yoffer
edpensionin‘TooDear’
?Howdidthisoff
er
benef
ithi
m?

ANSWER
“TooDear”,i
soneoft hef
inestshor
tst
ori
eswri
tt
enbyLeoTol st
oy.I
tri
diculest
heway
thatthedeci
sionsaremadebyt heki
ngsandadminist
rat
ors.Andexplainshow t
he
cri
minal
sareletgofr
eelywit
houtbei
ngpuni
shedsev
erely
.

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Monacowasal i
ttl
ekingdom wi thsev ent housandpopul ations.Itwasneart he
border sofFr anceandI tal
y.Ithadaki ng,mi nisters,courti
ersandasmal lar myofsi xty
soldiers.Theki ngusedt ocollectt axesont het hingssuchast obacco, wine,spi r
it
sand
apol ltax.Butt hespeci alrevenuecamef rom t hegami nghouses.Thepeopl eplayed
roulettewhi chwasgener ati
ngal otofi ncomef ort heking.
Once,anunusuali ncidenthappenedi nMonaco.I twasamur der.Thecr i
mi nal
wast r
iedi nt hecour tandawar dedt hedeat hpuni shment .Butt hepr oblem was,t hey
hadnei t
heramachi nenoranexper ttocutt heheadof f.Sot hekingsoughtt hehel pof
FranceandI taly.Bot ht hecount ri
eswer ereadyt ohel pbychar ging16000f rancsand
12000f rancsr espect iv
ely,butt heki ngthoughtt hati twast oocost ly
.Thent hear myof
Monacowasr equest edt oexecut ethepuni shment ,
thiswasr efusedont hegr oundt hat
thear mywasnott rainedi nit.
Finall
yt heki ngdeci dedt oal t
erthedeat hpuni shmenti ntol i
fei mpr isonment .
Accor dinglyaguar dwasappoi ntedandt hecr i
mi nalwasputi nacel l
.Ev ent hisalso
provedcost lyast heki ngf oundanewi tem ofexpendi t
ureof600f r
ancsev erymont h.
Theguar dwasdi smi ssedbutt hecr iminaldi dn’trunaway .Hehadnowher et ogoand
hadf orgot t
ent owor k.Theonl ywayt ogetr idoft hecr i
mi nalwast opayhi m apensi on.
Thecr imi nalagr eedt oit,andr eceivedonet hi r
dofannui ty.HeleftMonacoandset tl
ed
acrosst hef ront i
er.Ther ehel ivedpeaceabl yandwel l
.

3.
ONCHI
LDREN
-
Khal
il
Gibr
an

Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nawor
d,phr
aseorasent
ence[
1mar
keach]

QUESTI ONS ANSWERS

1 Whodoest hewor d,‘
He’ ref
erto? God/ Pr ophet
2 Whodot hechil
drenr eall
ybelongto? Tot hel ife
3 Whatcant heparentsgivetheirchi
ldren? Love
4 Whatcan’ttheparentsgivetheirchil
dren? Theirt houghts
5 Whatcant heparentshouse? Bodiesoft hechi l
dren
6 Whatcan’ttheparentshouse? Soulsoft hechildren
7 Wheredot hesoulsoft hechil
drendwel l
? Inthehouseof
tomor row
8 Wherecan’
ttheparent svisi
tinthei
rdreams? Thehouseoft omor r
ow
9 Whatshoul
dt heparentsst r
ivefor? Tobel ikethei
rchi ldr
en
10 Whatshoul
dnott hepar entsseek? Maket hechildrent obe
l
iket hem
11 Whoarethe‘bows’? Thepar ents
12 Whoaretheli
v i
ngarrows? Thechi ldr
en
13 Whoseesthemar kupont hepathofinfi
nit
e? Thear cher
14 WhodoestheGodl ov e? Botht hepar entsand
chi
ldr en

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KEYPOI
NTSONTHEPOEM

 Awomanr equesti
ngprophettospeakonchildren
 Chil
drenbel ongtolif
enott oparents
 Parentscangi velovebutnotthoughts
 Parentsmaygi v
esheltertobodiesbutnott
heirsoul
s
 Chil
dren’ssoulsdwel li
nthehouseoft omor
row
 Bows-par ents.Liv
ingarrows-chil
dren.
 God-thear cher
 Archerlovesbot hchil
drenandpar ent

QUESTIONS
1)Howshouldparent
sraisethei
rchi
ldr
enaccordi
ngtothespeakerof‘
OnChildr
en’
?
2)Howi sthepar
ent-
chi
ldrenrel
ati
onshi
pbroughtoutusi
ngthemet aphorofbows
andarr
owsi
n‘Onchil
dren?

ANSWER
“
OnChi ldren”i saphi l
osophi calpoem wr i
tt
enbyKhal ilGibr an.Thet hemeoft he
poem i st her el
ationshipbet weent hepar entsandchi ldren.Tr aditionallyt hepar ents
exerciseal otofaut hor ityov ertheirchi ldren.Andt heyt r yhar dt oi mposemanyt hings
ont hem.I tisjustbecauset heyhav egiv enbi rthstot hem.
Butt hepoett hi
nksi not herway .Thechi ldrendon’ tbel ongt otheirpar ents;
theyreallybel ongt ot hel i
fe.Thepar entscan’ townorcl aimt heirr i
ght sov ert hechildren.
Thought hechi l
drencomef rom t heirpar ent sbutt heybel ongt ol i
fe.Thepar entscan
givet heirl ov e butnott heirt hought s as t he chi l
dren hav et heirown i ndi
v i
dual
personality.
Thepar ent scanonl yprot ectt hebodi esoft hei
rchi ldrenbutnott heir
souls.Thesoul soft hechi ldrenl i
eint hehouseoft omor row.Theycant rytobel i
ket he
chil
drenbutshoul dnev erattemptt omaket hechildrent obel i
ket hem.Thechi ldren
belongt ot hef utur
eandnott othepast .Thef uturenev erst ayswi thy est erday .
Thepar entsar eliket hebowst hroughwhi cht heliv i
ngar rowsar esent .It
i
st hear cher,t heGodwhoseest hemar kupont hepat hofi nfinit
e.Ther eforet he
parentsshoul dactl i
ket hegui dinglightst ot hechi l
dr enandnev erbesoaut horit
ativein
theiratti
tudes.Thechi ldrenar et hecr eat i
onofGodandt heyhav et obef r
eef rom any
bondage.

4.EVERYTHI
NGINEEDTOKNOW ILEARNEDINTHEFOREST
-VandanaShi
va

Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nawor
d,phr
aseorasent
ence[
1mar
keach]

QUESTI
ONS ANSWERS
1 Wheredi
dVanadanaShiva’
secol
ogi
cal I
ntheHimalayanforest
s.
j
our
neystar
t?
2 WhatwasVandanaShiv
a’sfat
her
? Afor
estconservat
or.

5
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3 Wher edi dVandanaShi val ear nabout Fr om t heHi mal ay anf or ests.
ecologyf rom?
4 Whatdi dt hemot her scompose‘ songs Aboutt reesandf or ests.
andpoems’ about ?
5 Whati s‘Chi pko’? Anonv iolentmov ement
againstl ar gescal e
defor est at i
on.
7 Whatdi dVandanaShi vadoasa Participat edi n
Chipkoact i
vist? paday at ras/ document ed
defor est at i
on
8 Whatwast hedr amat icChi pkoact ion Bachni Dev ipr otest edagai nst
happenedi nAdv ani ? herhusband.
9 Whatar et heef f ectsofl oggi ng? Landsl i
des, f loods, scar cit
yof
wat er, fodderandf uel .
10 Whatdi dVandanaShi valear nf r
om Aboutbi odi v ersityand
Chipko? biodiv er sitybasedl i
v i
ng
economi es
11 Namet hebookwr ittenbyVandana Monocul turesoft heMi nd
shiva.
12 Wher ewast heNav adhany aFar m InDoonVal ley .
started?
13 Whendi dt heNav adhany aFar m st art
? In1994.
14 WhatwasNav adhany a? Amov ementf orbi odiv ersit
y
conser v ationandor gani c
farmi ng
15 Whatdi dbi odiv ersityt eachVandana Abundanceandf reedom/
Shiva? Cooper ationandmut ual givi
ng
16 Whatpr ompt edUNt oi nit
iat ea Theconst itut i
onofEquador .
discussi onont her ightsofnat ure?
17 Whatdoest hewor d‘ apar thei d’mean? Separ at eness
18 Whati smeantby‘ ecoapar theid’ Thesepar at enessofhuman
accor dingt ot heaut hor? beingsf rom nat ure.
19 Whatev entint hehi stor ymar kedt he Thei ndust ri
al revolut i
on.
beginni ngofsepar atenessofhuman
beingsf rom nat ur e
20 Whatdoest heEar thUni ver sityteach? TheEar thDemocr acy .
21 EarthDemocr cyi sashi ftf rom Ecocent ri
sm
anthropocent r
ism t o…………………….
22 Wher ewast heEar thUni v ersi ty AtNav adhany aFar m
l
ocat ed?
23 Bywhom wast heEar thUni ver si
ty Rabi ndr anat hTagor e.
i
nspi red?
24 Wher ehav eI ndia’sbesti deascome Trees, riversandl akes.
fr
om accor dingt oTagor e?
25 Whatdoest hef or estt eachaccor ding Enoughness/pr inci pleof
toVandanaShi v a? equal ity.

6
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26 Whati
sthebegi
nni
ngofj
oy? Theendofconsumer
ism

KEYPOI
NTSONTHELESSON

 Ecologi calj
our neyf rom t hef orestsofHimalaya
 Father-Forestconser vator .Mot her-afarmer
 Chipkomov ement -
defor estat i
on
 Logging- scarcityofwat er,fodderandf uel
/womenaf f
ected
 Bachni Devi’
sf i
ght
 Bio-di
v ersi
ty-i
nt ensiveandor ganicfarming
 Nav adany aFar m 1994
 RightsofNat ure-Ecuador ,Bolivi
aandUN
 Earth-adeadmat ter-i
ndust rialrevol
ution
 EarthUni versit
y -Eart
hDemocr acy-fr
eedom forspeci
es
 Tagor e’sideals-trees,ri
v ersandl akessourceofknowledge/t
hought
s
 Nature-sour ceofbeaut yandj oy
 Consumer ism andaccumul ati
on

QUESTIONS
1)“ Theconservationofbio-diver
sit
yistheanswert othef oodandnutri
tioncr i
sis”
.
Dicuss?
2) ‘Conservati
onofbi odi
versi
tyiscrucialforthesustenanceofbot hnat ureand
humansoci ety’
.Discusswi t
hrefer
encet oVandanaShiva’sessay.
3)Br ingoutthesignifi
canceofbio-di
versit
yandt her
ight
sofnat ureasexplainedby
VandanaShi vainheressay .

“Ever ythi
ngINeedt oKnow ILear nedi nt heFor est ”,i sanessaywr ittenby
VandanaShi va.Itdeal swi t
ht hemoder ni deassuchasdef orest ati
on,ecosy stem,bi o
diversity,or ganicfarmi ngandr ight sofNat ure.
VandaShi vawasbr oughtupi nt heHi mal ayanf orest s.Herf atherwasaf orest
conser vat orandmot her ,afarmer .Shel earnedev erythi
ngf r om t heHi mal ayanf orest s.
Shewasassoci atedwi ththe‘ Chi pkoMov ement ’
,anonv i
ol entmov ementagai nst
deforest ation.VandanaShi vawasv er
ymuchi nfluencedbyt hewomenwhopr otest ed
againstl oggi ng.Thel oggingwast hecauseofl andsl i
des,f loodsandscar cityofwat er .
Thewomenwer et hev icti
msast heyhadt owal kf orlongerdi st ancesi nor dertof etch
wat er,fodderandf uelfortheirhear t
hs.
Vandana Shi va was agai nst monocul ture.She pr ef er r
ed bi odiver
sity and
biodiversi t
ybasedeconomi es.Ther eforeshest ar tedNav adhany af armi n1994.The
farmer swer egivendemonst rationandt r
aining.Sheconser ved600v arieti
esofr iceand
150v arietiesofwheat .Nav adhany awasamov ementf orbi odiv er si
tyconser vationand
organi cf armi ng.
Vandana Shi va st r
onglysuppor ted t he rights ofnat ur e.And she gi v es t he
exampl eofEcuadorwhi chhasr ecogni zedt her i
ght sofnat ur ei ni tsconst i
tuti
on.Thi s
i
nspi red t he Uni t
ed Nat i
ons Or ganizat i
on t o ar range conf er ence t o discuss t he

7
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domi nationofpeopl eov ernat ur

e.Sheexpr essesherdisappointmentov ertransforming
thelivingearthint
ot hedeadmat terwhichst art
edwiththei ndustri
alrevolution.
TheEar t
hUni versitywhi chwasst artedinNavadhany a,teachesEar thDemocr acy
.
The Ear th Democr cy means f r
eedom f or all species and t he f reedom and
responsi bi
li
ti
es ofhumans i nr ecognizing and protecti
ng t he otherspeci es.She
stressest heneedofecocent r
ism asagai nstanthr
opocentrism.
TheidealsofRabi ndr anathTagor ehav eagreatinfl
uenceonVandanaShi va.She
quot esTagor e’
s‘Tapov an’.Thi sisanessaywher eTagor eclaimst hatt hef orestsare
thesour ceofmat erialandi ntell
ectualr
egener ati
onofourI ndiancivil
i
zat i
on.I ndi
a’sbest
i
deashav ecomewher emanwasi ncommuni onwitht r
ees,r i
versandl akes.Vandana
Shivai soft heopi niont hatnat ureist hebestt eacher.Andsheappeal st hatweal l
shoul dstoptreati
ngear t hasadeadmat ter.

5.ASUNNYMORNI NG
-Ser
afi
nandJoaqui
nAl
var
ezQui
nter
.

Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nawor
d,phr
aseorasent
ence[
1mar
keach]

QUESTI ONS ANSWERS

1 Howol dwasDonaLaur a? Seventyyear
s.
2 Wher edoest heactionoft heplaytakeplace? AttheparkinMadr
id.
3 WhodoesPet r
amakef ri
endshipwi t
h? Withtheguard.
4 WhatdidDonaLaur abr i
ngev erydaytothe Breadcrumbs.
park?
5 Whodi dDonaLaur afeedev erydayinthepark? Bi
rds/pi
geons.
6 Whohadoccupi edDonGonzal o’sbench? Threepr
iest
s.
7 Wher edidDonGonzal osit? ByDonaLaura.
8 Wher edidDonGonzal otakehisgunanddog Tohisestat
e.
everydayf orhunti
ng?
9 Whatmakespeacebet weenDonaLaur aand Api
nchofsnuf
f.
DonGonzal o?
10 Wher ewasDonaLaur aboughtup? Val
encia.
11 Wher ewasDonGonzal ofrom? Marcela.
12 Whoi sreferredtoas‘TheSi lv
erMai den’?
DonaLaur a.
13 Whodi dDonaLaur alove? Thegallantl
ov er
/Don
Gonzalo
14 Whodidthepar
entsofDonaLaur
awanthert
o Wit
ht hemer chant.
marr
ywit
h?
15 Wheredi
dthegall
antl
overdi
e? I
nAf r
ica.
16 WhodidDonGonzalorunawaywit
h? Wit
ht heball
etdancer.

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KEYPOI
NTSONTHELESSON

 Meeti
ngbet weenDonGonzal oandDonaLaur a
 Asunnymor ning/ParkinMadr id
 Complaineachot hernotfr
iendly
 Apinchofsnuf fbri
ngspeace
 Fi
cti
ti
ousstoryof‘ Thesil
vermai den’and‘gal
lantl
ov er
’
 Meeti
ngandexchangi ngfl
ower s
 Dualwit
hthemer chant/t
hel overhides
 Gonzal
owr i
tesl et
tersbutwer eint
ercepted
 Gonzal
oandLaur agetseparated
 Thegall
antloverjoinsarmy-goest oAf r
icaanddies
 Thesil
vermaidenl eavesherhouse-goest obeach-sweptawaybywav
es
 DonGonzaloandDonaLaur ahidetheirreali
denti
ty

QUESTIONS
1)‘Theway sofPr ovi
dencearestr
ange.’
Howisthi
strueincaseofDonGonzal
o
andDonaLaur a?
2)‘ASunnyMor ning’revol
vesaroundconceal
i
ngandr ev
eali
ngLauraandGonzal
o’s
i
denti
ty.El
aborate.
3)‘ASunnyMor ning’portr
aysthewitandhumourt
hroughDonGonzaloand Dona
Laur
a’sspontaneousreacti
ons.Expl
ain.

ANSWER
"ASunnyMor ning,"isacomedyof  
i
noneact ,bySer afinandJoaqui nAl var ez
Quintero.I tisahumor ouspl aywhi cht ell
st hest oryofDonGonzal oandDonaLaur a
whol ov edeachot heront heiry outhbutwer eforcedt osepar at einl if
e.Thepl aybegi ns
onasunnyaut umnmor ningi naqui etcor nerofapar ki n Madr id.DonaLaur aa
handsome sev entyy earol dl adyi sf eeding pigeons i nt he par k.Don Gonzal o,a
gentlemanofsev enty,gout yand i mpat i
entent ers.Themeet ing oft heLaur aand
Gonzal oint hepar kst ri
kest henot eofhumour .
Theconv ersationbet weent het wosev entyy earol dsbegi nssar casticall
y,t hey
accuseeachot her.DonGonzal ocal lsher" Senileoldl ady!”
.Shef indshi m" ani l
l-
natur ed
oldman!Lat erapi nchofsnuf fhel pst ocleart heirheads,andbr ingspeacebet ween
them.Thent hey starttalkingoft heirhomet ownsandot herthi ngs.ThenLaur arev eals
thatshel ivedi nav il
laMar i
cela,.Gonzal oissur pr
isedt oheart hename“ Maricel
a.”He
thent ell
st hatheknowsagi rlwhol ivedi nthatv i
llainMar i
cel a,whowasper hapst he
mostbeaut i
fulwomanhehasev erseen.Heal sorev ealsthatt hegi rl’
snamewasLaur a
Llor
ent e.Bot hoft hem r eali
zeeachot hert obef ormerl overs.
DonaLaur awasknowni nherl ocalit
yas‘ TheSi lverMaiden. ’ Shewasf airasal i
ly
.
Shewasi nl ovewi thGonzal o, thegal lantlover.Heusedt opassbyonhor sebackev ery
mor ningt hrought her osegar denandt ossedupabal conyoff l
ower stoherbal cony

9
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whi chshecaught .Onhi swaybacki nt heaf ternoonshewoul dt ossthef l

ower sbackt o
him.ButLaur a’spar entswant edtomar ryherof ft oamer chantwhom shedi sli
ked.One
dayt herewasaquar relbet weenGonzal oandt hemer chant ,thesuitor.Sohef l
edf rom
hishomet ownt o 
Sev il
le 
andt hent o 
Madr id.Event houghhet ri
edt ocommuni catewi th
Laur athroughl ett
ers, all
at temptsf ai
led.Het henj oinedt hearmyandwentt o Afr i
ca.
Accor dingt oDonGonzal o,hi s‘cousi n-t hel overofLaur a’metwi thagl or i
ous
deat hin Afri
ca.Laur awai tedf orherbel ov ed’sar rivalf orday s,mont hsanday ear.But
thenonedayshewentt ot heseashor e,wr oteherl ov er’snameont hesandandsat
downuponar ock.Thet idesr oset other ockandsweptheroutt osea.Thi sisnar r
at ed
bybot hGonzal oandLaur arespectively.Buti nreal ityaf terthreemont hsGonzal or anof f
to Pari
s withabal l
etdancerandLaur aont heot herhand,gotmar r
iedaftertwoy ear s.
 
   
 
Thust hereisat hreadofhumourr unningt hr oughoutt hepl ay.Evenafterr ealizing
eachot hertheypr etendt obenotandf r
amest oriesaboutt heirowndeat hs.Laur a
posesher sel
ft obet hef ri
endoft her ealLaur aandGonzal oast hecousinoft he‘ dead
Gonzal o.’

6.WHENYOUAREOLD
-
W.B.Yeat
s
Answert
hef
oll
owi
nginawor
d,phr
aseorasent
ence[
1mar
keach]

QUESTI ONS ANSWERS

1 Whodoes‘ You’ r
efertointhepoem? Youngwoman.
2 Whatdoes‘ book’refertointhepoem? Memor i
es.
3 Whatshouldt heyoungwomandr eam of? Softl
ookofherey es.
4 Whatdidthemenl oveabouther ? Moment sofgladgr ace.
5 Whoisthe‘oneman’ i
nthepoem? Thespeaker.
6 Howisthespeaker ’
slovedif
f erentfr
om Helovesherpilgr
im
ot
hers? soul.
7 Whatdoest hephr ase‘Yourchangi ngface’ Thespeaker’sl
ovei snot
mean? temporar
y
8 Whatshouldt heladymur murabout ? Abouthowl ovefl
ed.
9 Wheredidthel ovehideatlast ? Amidacr owdofst ars.

KEYPOI
NTSONTHEPOEM

 Thespeakeraddr
essinghisbelov
ed
 Askshertoreadthebookwhenshebecomesol
d
 Askshertodream ofhersof
tlooks
 Other
slovedherphysical
beauty

10
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 Thespeakerlov
esherpil
gri
m soul
 Helovedherjoysandsor
rows
 Shesi
tsbythegl owi
ngbars
 Murmuringabouthowlovefl
ed

QUESTIONS
1)Howdoest hespeakerdi
sti
nguishhi
slov
efrom t
hatoft
heot
her
sint
hepoem
‘
WhenYouAr eOl
d’?
2)‘Thespeakeraddr essesay oungladyinheroldage.
’Commentonthetime
sequenceusedbythepoetin‘WhenyouAreOld’
.

ANSWER
‘WhenYouAr eOl d’,i
sabeaut i
fulpoem wr i
ttenbyW.B.Yeat s.Thet hemeoft he
poem isl ove.Heret hespeakeri stryi
ngt oexplainhisbel ovedhowi sloveisat rueand
dif
ferentone.Hei saddr essing ay oung womanwhom hel ov ed al ot
.Whenshe
becomesol dandgr ay,
thespeakerwant shert otaket hebookandr eadi tslowl ysit
ti
ng
bythef ir
e.Anddr eam ofhersof tl
ookst hatshehadonce.
Therewer emanymenwhol ovedher ,
butt heylovedonl yhermoment sofglad
grace.Hei snotsur ewhet hertheirlovef orherwast rueorfalse.Thespeakerher eis
try
ingt oconv incehert hatt heot herslovedonl yherphy si
calbeaut y .Buthel ovedher
pil
gri
m soulandt hesor rowsofherchangi ngface.By‘ changi ngf ace’thespeaker
meanst hathel ovedbot hherj oy sandsor rows.Hemakesi tcl
eart hathi slovei snota
tempor aryone.
Thepoem r eturnst othet i
mef rameofherol dage.Sittingbyt hegl owingbars
sheshoul dmur mursadl yabouthowl ovef l
edandwentont hemount ains.Andhowhi d
hisfaceami dacr owdofst ars.Thet imesequenceoft hepoem i simpor t
antbecause
thi
si sn’treall
ywr itt
enf rom theper spect iv
eoft wool dpeople.I t’swr it
tenaboutt wo
youngpeopl ei
magi ningwhatl i
fewi l
lbelikewhent heyar eold.

7.THEGARDENER
-
P.Lankesh

Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nawor
d,phr
aseorasent
ence[
1mar
keach]

QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1 Whathel
pedtheaut
hort
oconceiv
etheSt
ory Hisencounterwithan
“
TheGardener
”? ol
dman.
2 Whydidt
heowneremploytheol
dman? Hewaswel lv
ersedin
agri
cul
ture.
3 Whatwast
heowner
’swi
fewor
ri
edabout
? Theownerst opped
worki
nghar d.
4 Whatst
orydi
dtheol
dmant
ell
thewi
fe? ThestoryofTammanna
andBasav ai
ah.
5 Whatwast
hemosti
mpor
tantamongal
lthe Hisri
valr
ywi t
h

11
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possessi
onsofTammanna? Basavai
ah.
6 Howmuchl anddi dTammannaown? Onethousandacr es.
7 Whatuniqueideadi dTammannahaveto Composi ngbal
ladsand
annihi
l
ateBasav aiah? si
ngingthem.
8 WhatdidBasav aiahdoinst
eadofsi
ngi
ng Heperformedhis
bal
lads? agri
cult
uralt
asksmor e
di
li
gently
9 Whatwasthelasti
deaofTammannato Todie.
deat
royBasav
aiah?
10 Whatdoesamanl ooseaf
terapar
ti
cul
arage? Hi
sname.

KEYPOI
NTSONTHELESSON

o I
tisaboutmy ster yofhumanr el
ations
o Ri
valryanditsconsequences
o Gardener-wellversedi nagri
cultur
e/ i
ntel
l
igent
o Ownerbecomi ngl azy /
wifewor r
ied
o TammannaandBasav aiah’
sr i
valr
y
o Basavaiahencroachi ngTammanna’ sland
o Tammannast artedcomposi ngandsi ngi
ngball
ads
o Basavaiahamassedweal th
o Tammanna’ sdeci si
ont odie
o Tammanna’ srepent ece

QUESTIONS
1)Gi v
eanaccountofthestr
ategiesusedbyTammannat odest
royBasavai
ah.
2)Br i
ngoutthechangesi
nthel i
fest
yleoft
heowneraft
erthear
riv
alof‘
The
Gardener
’.
3)HowdoesTammannat aker evengeonBasav
aiahthr
oughinv
isibl
emeans?

ANSWER
“TheGar dener ”
, i
sashor tstor
ybyP. Lankesh.Ittell
susthest or yofr ivalryandit
s
consequences.Thest oryistoldinamul tipl
enarrativetechniquewhi chr ev eal
sthe
mysteryofhumanr el
at ionshi
p.Ther i
valrybet weenTammannaandBasav aiahkeeps
mov i
ngf rom visualdomai ntotheinvi
sible.Bot hofthem adoptdi fferentst rategiesand
counterstrategiestochal l
engeeachother’sweal t
h.
Thegar deneri sanol dmanwhol ivesi nChannapat na.Hei sat allfi
gur ewitha
l
ongbeakl i
kenose.Buthei sveryint
ell
igentandwel lversedinagricultur e.I
ti sbecause
ofhishardwor kandi nt ell
i
gence,hegotaj ob.Hecoul dunderstandt hepr oblemsoft he
workersv erywel l.Whent hegardenerst oppedt hepet t
ythefts,theowner ’
si ncome
i
ncreased.Thent heownerbecamel ethar gicandst oppedwor ki
nghar d.Besi desthe
ownerdev el
opedal lkindsofbadhabi tsandhadbecomeanext rav agant .Thismadet he
wif
eanxi ous.Thegar denert r
iedto consol eherwi thhi sstoryofTammannaand
Basavaiah.
Tammannahadonet housandofacr esoflandwher easBasav aiahownedonl y

12
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ei
ghthundr edacr es.SoBasavai ahaskedTammannat osellt wohundr edacr esofhi s
l
andwhi chher efused.Basavai
ahwasmadwi thr ageandhewental ongwithhispeopl e
andencr oachedTammanna’ sl
andf or
cibl
y.Tammannast ar
tedsear chingamet hodthat
couldanni hil
ateBasav ai
ah.Hehi tuponani deaofcomposi ngbal ladsandsi nging.He
becamev eryf amousandhi sr eputati
onstar tedspreadingal laround.ButBasav aiah
couldn’tdot his;insteadhewentonamassi ngal lkindsofmat erialwealt
h.Oneday
Tammannawasi llandBasav aiaht houghtt hatTammanna’ sdeceasewoul dbehi s
heal
t h.ButTammannaatl astt
houghtofanot herideaofpuni shingBasav ai
ah.Thatwas
death.Fool i
shBasav aiahgaveat oughcompl et i
onanddi edatt heend.

8.TOTHEFOOTFROM I TSCHILD
-PabloNer
uda
Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngi nawor
d,phraseorasent
ence[1mar
keach]

QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1 Whatwoul dt
hefootl
iketobe? Abutt
erfl
yoranappl
e
2 Whatdot hest
onesandbitsofglassesref
er Har
dshipsofl
if
e.
t
o?
3 Whatteachesthef
ootthatitcannotfl
y? Stones, bi
tsofglass,
streets,l
addersand
paths.
4 Whereisthef ootcondemnedt olivei
n? Inashoe.
5 Whatdot hesof tnai l
schangeinto? Opaquesubst ance.
6 Whendot hesof tnail
staketheform of Whent hechil
dgr ows
eyel
essrepti
les? old.
7 Wheredoest hef ootwal k? Inthef i
elds,mines,
mar ketandmi nistr
ies.
8 Howl ongwillthef ootwalk? Unt i
lthemanchooses
tost op
9 Wheredoest hef ootdescendatl ast? Under ground.
10 Whatdoest i
met eachthechil
d? Thati tcannotfly.
11 Whatdoest hephr ase“condemnedt oli
vei
na Apr isoner
shoe”suggest?
12 Whatisthechi ld’
sf ootnotyetawareof? It
’saf oot.
13 Wheredoest hef ootf al
l? Inthebat tl
eoflife.

KEYPOI
NTSONTHEPOEM

 Foot-thesymbol ofthejourneyofl
ife
 Continuouslytoi
li
ng
 Thechi l
d’sdream-butt
erfl
yoranapple
 Hardshipsteachingthelessonofreal
ity
 Softnail
sgr owintohardopaquesubst ance
 Bli
ndf ootwalkseverywhere

13
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 Footdescendi
ngint
ounder
ground
 Deathmarkstheendofj
ourney

QUESTI
ONS
1)Bringoutt
hestagesofhardshi
psfacedbyt
hefootaf
terbei
ngconf
inedi
nashoe.
2)Bringoutt
hecontrastbet
weenil
lusi
onandreal
i
tyi
nthepoem.

ANSWER
“ToTheFootFr om ItsChil
d”, i
sabeaut i
fulnarrativepoem wr i
tt
enbyPabl o
Ner uda.Thet hemeoft hepoem i sjour
neyofl if
e.Itnarrateshowt hehar dshi
psofl i
fe
crusht hedr eamsandi maginationofachi ld.From bi r
thtodeat hamangoest hr ough
various har dshi ps and di ffi
culti
es.Her et he poetuses ‘ the f oot’,met aphorical l
y
suggest ingthatt hef oottoilsthroughoutt hel i
fe.I
twor kscont i
nuousl ywithoutrestand
withoutst oppingany where.
Thechi ld’sfooti snoty etawar eoft hatit’
saf oot .Itwoul dl i
ket obea
butterflyoranappl e.Butast het i
mepassest hestones,bitsofgl asses, str
eets,ladder s
andt hepat hst eacht hefoott hatitcan’tfly.Andi tcan’tbeaf rui
tbul gi
ngonabr anch.
Thust hedr eamsoft hechi l
dar edefeated.I tbecomesapr i
sonerconf inedtoashoe
andf allsinthebat t
leofl i
fe.Ast hetimemov esthef ootgrowsi ni t
sownwayandl oses
i
tst ouchwi thi t
sf ell
ows.I tisalmostbl i
nd.
Whent hechi ldgr owsup,t hesof tnailsoft hef ootbecomehar d.They
changei ntoanopaquesubst ance.Theygr ow ashar dast hehor ns.Thet i
nypet aled
toesoft hechi l
dar eoutoft r
im andt akethef orm ofey el
essr ept il
es.Att heendt hef oot
facest hedanger sofdeat h.
Thebl indf ootwal ksandwal kswi t
houtr estandst oppi ngnowher e.Now i ti sa
man’ sf ootwal kingi nt hefiel
ds, mines,mar ketsandmi ni
stri
es.I tneitherknowsl ovenor
sleep.I twal ks unt i
lman chooses t o st op.Fi nall
yt he f ootdescends i nt ot he
under groundandmeet sit
send.

9.IBELI
EVETHATBOOKSWILLNEVERDI
SAPPEAR
Rober
tAl
fi
nowi
thJor
geLui
sBorges

Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nawor
d,phr
aseorasent
ence[
1mar
keach]

QUESTI ONS ANSWERS

1 WherewasBor geseducat ed? Fr
om hisfather
’sli
brar
y.
2 Whowasanext raordinarypersonf orBorges? Hismother.
3 Whatisgiventousasr awmat eri
al ascl
ay Humil
iati
ons/misfor
tunes
accor
dingtoBor ges? /embarrassments.
4 Whatispoetryaccor dingtoBor ges? Anaestheti
cact.
5 Nameanyonemet aphort hatBorges Ti
meandr i
ver.
consi
derimportant?
6 Whatarethebooksanext ensi
onof ? I
magi
nat
ionandmemor
y.

14
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KEYPOI
NTSONTHELESSON

 LuisBor geshadamul ti
facetedper
sonalit
y
 Educatedf rom fat her’sli
brary
 Greatrespectf ormot her
 Feelsgui l
tyfornotgi vi
ngt hedeser
vedhappinesstoher
 Bli
ndnessi sawayofl if
e
 Everyt
hingi sgi v
enf orapur pose
 Humi l
iations,mi sfortunesandembar rassmentsasrawmat
eri
al
 Poetryanaest heticact
 Poetry-magi cal,
my steri
ousandunexpl ai
nabl
e
 Booksar etheext ensionofouri maginati
onandmemor y

QUESTI
ONS
1)Whyaccordi
ngt
oBorgeswi
ll
booksneverdi
sappear
?
2)Whatval
uedoesBor
gesseei
nli
ter
atur
e?Whyi ti
simpor
tantf
othemanki
nd?

ANSWER
“
IBel ieveThatBookswi llNev erDi sappear ”isani nterv i
ewwi ththeAr gentinean
wr i
terJorgeLui sBor gesbyRober toAl i
fano.Bor geshadamul ti
facet edpersonality.He
wasashor tst orywr i
ter,apoet ,essay istandat ransl atorandwasbor ninBuenosAi res.
InthisinterviewBor gesr evealshi sthought saboutl ifeandl it
eratur e.
Borgeswaseducat edf r
om hi sfat her’
sl ibraryr athert hanf r
om anyhi gh
schoolorauni v
er sity.Themot herwasaki ndhear tedandagr aci ouswomanwhohad
noenemi es.Shehadal otofi nfluenceonBor ges.Hef eltsomewhatgui ltyfornot
havinggiv enhert hedeser vedhappi ness.
Borgesbecamebl indatt heageof55buthenev ercompl ai
nedabouti t.
Insteadheconsi der edi tasar esource.Heaccept edhi sbl i
ndnessandconsi dered
humi l
iati
ons,mi sf ortunes and embar rassment s as r aw mat erial
.Apar tf rom hi s
personaldet ail
sBor gesexpr esseshi sv i
ewsonpoet ryandl iterature.Accordingt ohi m
poet r
yisbot hanaest het i
candpoet icact .Itismagi cal,my steri
ousandunexpl ainable.
Hesay st hatpoet ryist heuseofr ightwor dsi nr ightpl ace.And her educesal l
met aphorsi nto5or6gr oupssuchast imeandr i
ver,li
feanddr eams,deat handsl eep,
andst arsandey es.
Het houghtt hatbookswi llnev erdisappearbecauset heyaretheext ension
ofouri magi nati
onandmemor i
es.Themoder nt echnol ogydoesaf fectthebooks.The
booksar et hegr eatmemor yofal lcent uries.Thei rf unctiont her eforeisirr
eplaceabl e.
Borgesf i
rml ybel iev edt hatifbooksdi sappear ,
sur elyhistorywoul ddi sappearandatt he
endmanwoul ddi sappear .

For more New Type MSQs Chapter wise Click here

15
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10. Heav
enI
fYouar
eNotHer
eOnEar
th
-Kuv
empu

Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nawor
d,phr
aseorasent
ence[
1mar
keach]

QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1 Wherei
sheav enaccordi
ngt othepoet? Onear
th.
2 Whohavetobegodst omaket hi
seartha Our
sel
ves.
heav
en?
3 Wherei
stherolli
ngsurffound? Attheedgeofwav es.
4 Wheredoesthetendersunshinelean? Onthev erdantgar
den.
5 Whendoestheheav enli
eallover? I
nthespl endorof
har
v estandof
moonl i
ght.
6 Whocr eatesheavenonear t
hbyimbibingand Thepoet .
spi
ll
ingt hesongofnectar?
7 Whatdoest hephr ase‘
songofnectar’
refer Abeaut i
fulsongcreat
ed
to? bypoet
8 Whati smor ebeauti
ful
thantheheaven Theear t
h.
accordingtothepoet?

KEYPOI NTSONTHEPOEM
 Thethemeofnat ur
eandbeaut y
 Transformationofhumanbei ngsint
ogods
 Developingdivi
nequali
ties
 Changingt heeart
hintoheav en
 Beautif
ul obj
ectsofnature-
roaringstr
eam,
rol
l
ingsur
f
 Harvestandmoonl ight
 Poetcreat i
ngheaventhroughsweetsongs

QUESTIONS
1)Whenaccor di
ngtothespeakercanther
ebenoGodsin‘
Heaven,I
fyouar
enot
onEart
h’?
2)Whocancr eateheavenoneart
hin‘Heaveni
fyouar
enotonEart
h’?

ANSWER

16
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“HeavenIfYouAr eNotHer eOnEar th” ,i

sbeaut i
fulpoem byKuv empuonnat ure
t
h
andi tsbeauty.Kuv empui soneoft hegreat estKannadapoet softhe20 cent ury.He
wasawar dedJnanpi thawar dforhis“ Ramay anaDar shanam” .
Thethemeoft hepoem i show wet hehumanbei ngscant r
ansformt hisear th
i
nt oaheav enbyf ollowingt hepathofv ir
tue.Theconceptofheav enisanabst racti
dea.
Butwecanhav et heheav enhereont heear thitselfbybecomi ngourselvesgodsand
ny mphs.Thepoetexpect sust odev el
opnobl eanddi v
inequaliti
essothatt heearthwi l
l
bet ransfor
medi ntoapl acebeaut y.
Theobjectsofnat uresuchas‘ r
oaringst ream’,‘r
olli
ngsurf’
,‘t
endersunshi ne’
,
‘
v erdantgarden’andt hegent l
esunmaket hisear thabeaut if
ulheaven.Thespl endour
ofhar vestandthemoonl ightthathasspr eadal lov ermaket hiseart
habeaut i
fulplace.
Thepoetcr eat
esheav enonear t
ht hroughhi ssweetsongs.Thust hepoem cel ebr
at es
thebeaut yofnatureandi tsbeaut y.

11. “
JapanAndBr
azi
lThr
oughATr
avel
er’
sEy
e”
-Geor
geMi
kes
Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nawor
d,phr
aseorasent
ence[
1mar
keach]

QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1 Whatareweconvincedaboutwhenwear
ein Wear eamongt hewell-
Japan? manner edpeople.
2 WheredothepeopleofJapanli
ve? Inanov ercrowded
i
sland.
3 Whatdot heJapaneser espectmore? Privacy .
4 Whati sbowingequal t
o? Shaki nghandsor
kissingont hecheek.
5 Whatmakesdi f
ferenceinJapanese’bowi
ng? Ther ankandposi t
ionof
thepeopl e.
6 Whatdi dthedeerdoaf t
erbowing? Itsnat chedt hef
ood.
7 Whatshoul dwedowhi l
eeati
ngsoupi n Wehav etomakenoi se.
Japan?
8 Whatar ethestr
eet sofCopacabana Wi t
hbeaut if
ulbl
ack
decoratedwith? mosai cs.
9 Whatar eextr
emel yexpensi
veinBrazil
? Mot orcar .
10 Whoar ethehunt erandprey? Thedr iverand
pedest r
ian.

KEYPOI
NTSONTHELESSON

 Atravel
ogue-
astoryofatrav
el
 Peopleandcult
ureofJapanandBr
azi
l
 Pri
vacyinJapan
17
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 Bowingmani a
 Makingsoundwhi l
eeatingsoup
 Brazil
i
answalkslowly
 Driv
ingspeedil
y
 Carsareexpensive
 Li
feofpedestri
ans-di
ffi
cul
t
 Thedr i
ver
squarrelbutnoangerorhost
il
it
y
 Depicti
onofpositi
veandnegati
veaspects

QUESTIONS
1)HowdoesGeor geMikesdescr
ibebowingtobeaquaint
erandinf
ecti
oustrai
tof
Japanesepeopl
e?
2)Whosel i
fei
sbecomingmorehazardousinBrazi
lev
erydayaccor
dingtoGeorge
Mikes?
3)Gi veanaccountoft
heJapanesemaniaforbowingasdescr
ibedbyGeorge
Mikes.

ANSWER
“
JapanandBr azilThroughaTr aveler’
sEy es” ,isat ravel
ogue.I tt el
l
susast ory
aboutthepeopl eandcul t
ureoft het wocount r
ies, theyar eJapanandBr azi
l.Iti
swrit
t en
byGeor geMi kes,apubl i
sherandj ournalistfr
om Hungar y .
Japani sani slandwhi chi sov ercr
owdedbutt hepeopl ear eext r
emelywel l
manner ed.Theyr espectpr i
vacymor ethanany thingel se.Fori nstancet heykeept he
tel
ephoneonat ableoronacashcount erast heydon’ thaveenoughpl acesfort he
booths.Onecant alkabouthi sbusi nessoraboutl ov e, butnobodyl i
stenst ohim.
TheJapanesehav eamani af orbowi ng.Ev erybodybowst oev erybodyelse.Their
actofbowi ngi snat uralandi ni
mi table.Thebowi ngi snei t
hermor enorl essthan
shakinghandsorki ssingont hecheeks.Thedept handl engthofbowi ngdependson
thesoci alpositi
onsandr anksofpeopl e.Int heJapanese’cul tur
eoneshoul dmake
noisewhi l
eeat i
ngt hesoup.Andi tisasi gnofappr eci ati
on.
Thepeopl eofBr azilarev erysl ow whent heyar ewal ki
ngbutt hesamepeopl e
becomedanger ouswhent heyar edr i
vingcar s.Becausenospeedi sfastenoughf or
them.Thought hecar sarev eryexpensi veinBr azilbutt hei rnumberi sincr easi
ngleaps
andbounds.Thel i
feoft hepedest ri
ansi ssodi f
ficultt hatsomet i
mesi tbecomes
i
mpossi bletocr osst heroads.Thedr ivershav ewar sbutt her
eisnoangerorhost ilit
y
andnohoot ing.Her et hewr i
terdepi ctsbot htheposi ti
v eandnegat iveaspect soft he
JapaneseandBr azi l
ians.

12. TheVot er
-Chi
nuaAchebe

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Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nawor
d,phr
aseorasent
ence[
1mar
keach]

QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1 Whatwast heshor tnamef orRufusOkeke? Roof
.
2 Wher edidRoofwor kasabicycl
erepai
rer
’s I
nPortHar
cour
t.
apprenti
ce?
3 NameRoof ’
svil
lage. Umuofia.
4 WhatdoesPAPst andfor? Peopl
eAl l
iancePar
ty.
5 WhatwasMar cusI beintheoutgoi
ng AMinisterofCul
tur
e.
government?
6 WhatwasRoofexper ti
n? I
nelect
ioncampaigni
ng.
7 WhatwasMar cusI bebeforehejoi
ned Aschoolteacher
.
poli
ti
cs?
8 Whatpr omisedidt hePAPmake? Pi
pebor newater.
9 ExpandPOP. Pr
ogr essi
ve
Organizat
ionPart
y
10 Whowast hestr
angerthatvi
sitedRoof? APOPcampai gner
.
11 Namet helocaldei
tymentionedinthestory
. I
yi
.
12 Howmuchmoneydi dthePOPcampai gner 5pounds
offerRoof
?
13 Whowast hecandi
dateforPOP? Maduka
14 Whatwast heel
ect
ionsymbol ofMarcusIbe? Car
15 WhatwasRoof ’
sdi
lemmaatt heend? Whethertovot
efor
MarcusIbeorMaduka
16 Whatdi dt
hepeoplereali
zeafterMarcusIbe’
s Hiswealt
h
feasti
ng?
17 Whatmesmer i
zedRoof? 5pounds

KEYPOI
NTSONTHELESSON

 Ashor tstory
 Evi
lsofel ect
ions
 Weaknessesf orpowerandmoney
 RufusOkeke–ay oungmanf r
om Umuof
ia
 Expertincampai gni
ng
 MarcuI be-Themi ni
sterf
orCult
ure-
PAPpar
ty
 Formerschool t
eacher
 Amassedweal thinfi
veyear
s
 Maduka–POPpar ty
 Rooftakesf i
vepounds
 Dil
emmai nRoof

QUESTI
ONS

19
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1)‘
Roofisaclevermanipulator
.’Justi
fy.
2)‘
TheVot er
’ri
dicul
esthepowerandsel f
ishnessofMar
cusIbe.Explai
n.
3)Doyouthinkthat‘Thevoter’
isrighti
ndemandi ngmoneyt
ov oteforMarcusI
be?
Expl
ain

ANSWER
“TheVot er”,i
sashor tstor ywr it
tenbyChi nuaAchebe.Hei sav erywel lknownpoet ,
nov elistandast orywr it
er .“ThingsFal lApar t”,“ArrowOfGod” , “
NoLongerAtEase” ,are
someofhi sbestnov els.
I
n“ The Vot er ”
,Chi nua Achebe br ingsoutt he ev il
sofel ectionsi n moder n
democr acyandt hehumanweaknessesf orpowerandmoney .Ruf usOkeke, MarcusI be
andMadukaar et hei mpor tantchar acter soft hest ory.Roofi say oungandener get i
c
manf rom Umuof ia.Peopl er espect edandt rustedhi mf orhissi ncer i
t yandi nnocence.
Liket heot herboy shedi dn’tabandonhi sv i
llagei nor dert oseekabet terjobi ntheci ti
es.
Hest ay edi nthev ill
aget ogui det hepeopl e.
Roofwasar eal exper tinel ectioncampai gningandhewor kedf orMar cusIbe,the
mi nisterf orcul t
ur ei nt heout goinggov er nment .Mar cusI bewasaschoolt eacherand
l
at erhej oinedpol iticst oav oidt hedi smi ssalf rom ser vi
ce,ast herewasacompl ai
nt
agai nsthi mf rom at eacher .Wi t
hinf iv ey earsheear nedal otofweal thandmany
degr ees.Heownedt wol ongcar sandbui l
tal argemansi onwhi chhenamedi tas
“Umuof i
aMansi on” .Af t
erat t
endi ngMar cusI be’ sf eastpeopl ereal i
zedhi sweal thand
theydeci dedt hatt hi stimet heywoul dnotv otef orhi mf reeofchar ge.
Roofwasst ronglysuppor ti
ngt hePAPcandi dateMar cusI be.Ev enhewasi n
char geofwhi sper ingcampai gnanddi st ribut ingmoney .Her emi ndedt hepeopl eabout
thepr omi seofpi pebor newat er.Butt hedaybef or eelect i
onaPOPcampai gnerv i
sited
Roofandof feredhi mf i
vepounds.Roofnotonl yt ookt hemoneyheev ent ookoat hon
thedei tyIyitov otef orMaduka.Butont hedayofel ect i
on, hewasi nadi lemma.Fi nall
y
het ookt hebal l
otpaper ,torei tintotwopi ecesandputt hem ineachoft heboxes.
Thus Chi nua Achebe ex poses t he candi dat es,v oters and t he elect i
on
campai gner s.

13. WHERETHEREI
SAWHEEL
-P.Sai
nath
Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngi
naword,
phraseorasent
ence[
1mar
keach]

QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1 Whi
chwasthedi st
ri
ctthatpromotedcy
cli
ng Pudukott
ai.
asamovement ?
2 Whatdoecycl
ingsymbolizeaccor
dingt
othe Independence,f
reedom
womenofPudukottai
? andmobi li
ty.
3 WhatwasFathima? Secondaryschool

20
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t
eacher
.
4 Whowast heAr ivolicoordinator
? N.
Kannammal
.
5 Whowasoneoft hepi oneersofcycl
ing N.
Kannammal
.
mov ement?
6 Wher edi
dt he‘cy cli
ngt r
ainingcampt ake Ki
l
akur
uchi
vil
l
age.
place?
7 Whosebr ainchildwascy cli
ng? Sheel
aRaniChunkath.
8 WhatwasSeel aRani Chunkat h? Formerdi
str
ictcol
l
ector
.
9 Howmanywomenpar ti
cipatedint
hecy cl
e 1500women.
rall
yatPudukot tai.
1 Whowr otet hefamouscy cli
ngsong? Mut
huBhaskar
an.
0
1 Whatdidt hecy clingboost ? I
ncome.
1
1 Whatdidt hecy clingcutdown? Timewastedi
nwai
ti
ng
2 forbuses

KEYPOI
NTSONTHELESSON

 Cycli
ngasamov ementinPudukot tai
 Ruralwomen’ spartici
pati
on
 Helpedtofightagai nstpovertyanddependence
 N.Kannammal -thepioneerofcy cl
i
ngmov ement
 Vi
ciousattacksonwomen
 Cycli
ngtrai
ni ngcampatAr ivoli
onSunday s
 Cycli
ng-t
hebr ai
nchildofSheelaRaniChunkat
 I
thelpedint hel i
teracydri
ve
 Cycli
ngboost edincomeandr educeddependence

QUESTIONS
1)Howdoescy cl
i
ngempowerr ur
alwomenaccordi
ngtoP.Sainat
h?
2)How di dSheel aRaniChunkathempowerthePudukott
aiwomenbyi ncludi
ng
cycli
ngintheli
ter
acydr
ive?
3)Di scusshowcy cl
ingmovementhasempoweredther
uralwomenofPudukkott
ai.

ANSWER
“WhereThereIsAWheel ”isanessaywr it
tenbyP.Sai nath.Itnarr
ateshowcy cli
ng
broughtwealthandeconomi cdev el
opmentamongwomeni nthepoorandbackwar d
di
stri
ctofPudukottaiinTamilnadu.
Therewasacy cli
ngmov ementt hroughoutt hedi st
ri
ctofPudukot t
ai.Ther ural
womenspeci all
ytheneo-li
ter
at esacti
velypar t
ici
pated.Theser ur
alwomenusedcy cli
ng
asaweapont of i
ghtagainsttheirpovert
yanddependence.Womenagr i
cul
tur
al workers,
quarrylabourer
s and v i
ll
age heal t
h nur ses were among t he fans ofcy cli
ng.N.
Kannammalwasoneoft hepi oneersofcy cl
ingmov ement .Accordingtohercy cli
ng
gavewomenconf idenceandi treducedt heirdependenceonmen.Thewomenhadt o

21
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putupwi t
hv i
ciousat t
acksont hei
rchar acterinthebegi nningbutthisdidnotdet er
them.Cy cl
ingcampswer ehel
di nArivolionSunday sandal ar
genumberofwomen
parti
cipated.
Thecy clingmov ementwast hebrainchildofSheel aRaniChunkat h,theformer
dist
ri
ctcol lector.Sheev enencouragedt hebankst osanct ionloansforwoment obuy
thebicy cl
es.Cy cl
ingplayedanimpor t
antr oleintheli
teracydr i
veast hewomencoul d
reacht her emot ev il
l
ages.Thecy cl
ingmov ementboost edt heincomeofwomen.For
them itcutdownt heti
mewast edinwai tingforbuses.Thewomencoul dcoverlar
ge
areast osel ltheirproduces.I
talsoreducedt heirdependenceonf at
hers,br
othersand
husbands.

25. WATER
-Chal
l
apal
l
i Swar
oopaRani
Answert
hef
oll
owi
nginaword,phr
aseorasent
ence[
1mar
keach]

QUESTI ONS ANSWERS

1 Whatdoest hephr ase‘ generati
ons-oldstri
fe’ Theconf l
ictbet weenthe
r
eferto? vi
ll
ageandt hewada.
2 Whatdi f
ferenceofr acedoest hewat erknow? TheSamar i
awomanand
Jesust heJew
3 Whoseagonydoest hewat erknow? Theagonyoft he
panchama.
4 Whodi dn’thav ether i
ghtt odrawapotof Thepanchama.
waterfrom thewel l?
5 Whathumi l
iatedt hewadagi r
l? Pouringwat erfrom
di
stance.
6 Whodi dSuv arthammaoppose? TheKammal andlords.
7 Whatdi dSuv arthammaaskt heKamma Nottopol l
utet hepond
l
andlords? water.
8 Whatist hewat erwi tnesst o? Tocent uriesofsoci al
i
njustice.
9 Whichmi ght ymov ementdi dthewat ercause? TheMahadst ruggle.
1 Whatdoesasi ngledr opofwat erembody ? Tearsshedov er
0 generations.
1 Whatdoest hephr ase‘ wondrousf esti
val‘
refer Theweekl ybat h.
1 t
o?
1 Wherecanwat ersi tinnocently? I
nBi sleribottl
e.
2
1 Whatist henewnamef orwat er? Mineral water.
3

22
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KEYPOI
NTSONTHEPOEM

 Anar rati
vepoem
 Discri
mi nati
onont hebasisofcasteandcreed
 Theagonyofl owcast epeople
 Wat erhasal onghistoryofconfl
i
ct
 Knowst hediff
erenceofrace
 Samar iawomanandJesus
 Panchamahadnor i
ghttodrawwater
 Wadagi rl
humi l
iat
ed
 Suvarthamma’ sf i
ght
 Mahadst ruggl
e
 Thespeaker ’
schil
dhoodmemor i
es
 Wat erasacommodi t
y
 Fall
ingint hehandsofmul ti
nati
onalcompanies

QUESTIONS
1)Whyi swateramightymovementaccordi
ngtothespeakerof‘
Water
’?
2)Howdoest hepoem ‘Wat
er’demonst
ratethedispar
it
yanddiscr
imi
nati
oni
nour
soci
etyusi
ngwaterasasymbol?

ANSWER
“Wat er”isanar rativepoem wr i
t tenbyChal lapalliSwar oopaRani .Thepoem
dealswi t
ht hest r
uggl eagai nstdiscri
mi nationont hebasi sofcast eandcr eed.I t
narrateshow t helow cast epanchamasunder wentt hehar dshipsandexpl oitat
ionsin
thehandsoft heuppercast epeopl e.
Accordi ngtothespeakerwat erisnotani nsignif
icantt hingbecausei thasal ong
historyofconf l
i
ct.Itcreat edahugegapbet weent hev i
llageandwada.Wat eralso
knowst hedi ffer
enceofr acebet weentheSamar i
awomanandJesust heJew.I tissad
thatt hepanchamahadnor i
ghtt odrawapotofwat erfrom awel l.Theyhadt owaitall
dayneart hewel ljustf orapotofwat er .Thewadagi rlwasi nsult
edast heShudr a
pour edwat ert oherfrom adi st ance.
Suvarthamma was beat en and t hreatened when she opposed t he Kamma
l
andl ordspol luti
ngthepond.Wat erl
edt omanymi ghtymov ement sli
keMahadst ruggle.
Everydr opofwat erembodi est earsoft hedal i
tsandpanchamas.Theuppercast e
peopl eenjoyedt hebat ht wiceadaybutt hepanchamashadonl yaweekl ybath.
Thespeakerr emember sherchi l
dhoodwhensheusedt ocar r
yapotofwat eron
herheadandusedt owal kmi l
est oget her.Wat erwasr esponsi bl
ef oranumberof
atrociti
esont helowcast epeopl e.Theirhouseswer ebur nt;menandwomenwer ekill
ed
brutally
.Itswal l
owedv i
llageaf t
erv i
ll
age.Wat erisbot hacr eatoranddest ructorand
now i thasbeent r
eatedl i
keacommodi ty.Itisunf ort
unat et hatithasf all
eni ntothe
handsoft hemul t
i-
national compani eslikePepsi .

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