GENERAL

MATHEMATICS
TEACHER’S NAME:
 PRAYER
Lord, we offer to you our class today. We pray that through your Divine
Guidance, we would learn how to listen attentively to the inputs of our teacher.
May we appreciate his/her effort in imparting his/her knowledge to us. May we
participate actively in the discussions and activities, so we could learn more while
having fun. May we value each other’s contributions as a building block towards
harmony and peace. Grant that as we interact with one another, we recognize the
fact that all our learning activities should be accomplished for your greater glory.
Grant that we recognize YOU in each of our classmates and teachers. And we
would be able to apply correctly what we have learned from school. All these we
ask in your powerful name.
Amen.
 NETIQUETTE
• Wear your maroon/white shirt as scheduled.
• Be on time.
• Stay focused on the class discussion.
• Be respectful at all times.
• Turn on your camera so that your teacher can see you.
• Mute your audio/microphone unless your name is called.
• When speaking, say your name first so everyone in the room knows who is talking.
• If you have questions, use the "raise your hand" button or type it on the chat box.
RATIONAL
FUNCTIONS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the week, the students should be able to:
• define rational functions;
• represent real-life situations using rational functions;
• define the rational equations and inequalities;
• differentiate rational functions, equations and inequalities; and
• solve rational equations and inequalities.
Represent Real-life
Situations using
Rational Functions
Rational Functions
A rational function can be written in the form:
𝒑(𝒙)
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒒(𝒙)
Where p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions, and
𝑞(𝑥) ≠ 0.
Rational Functions
Some real-life examples that can represent a rational
functions:
• Speed
• Average cost
• Electrical cables resistance
• Substance concentrations
Represent Real-life Situations
using Rational Functions
Example 1:
An object is to travel a distance of 10meters.
Express velocity v as a function of travel time t, in
seconds.
t (seconds) 1 2 4 5 10
v (meters per seconds) 10 5 2.5 2 1
Represent Real-life Situations
using Rational Functions
Example 2:
The speed of a body S travelling a certain distance
is a function of time. If the distance to be covered
is 250m, express the speed S, in m/s, as a function
of time t, in seconds.
Represent Real-life Situations
using Rational Functions
Example 3:
A pharmaceutical company spent ₱8million to develop
a new prescription drug in the form of a capsule. If the
cost manufacturing of the new drug is ₱18 per capsule,
express the average cost function of developing and
manufacturing any number of capsules.
Represent Real-life Situations
using Rational Functions
Example 4:
The resistance of an electric cable of a fixed length
is inversely proportional to the square of its
radius. What is the resistance of a 10m cable with
the radius r? Use the constant of proportionality
5.47 × 10−9 .
 Represent Real-life Situations
using Rational Functions
Example 5:
In a manufacturing process, salt and water flow continuously inside a mixer
through two different tubes. In the first tube, the amount of salt flowing
inside the mixer is given by the functions S(t)=8t, while water flows into
the mixer through the other tube. The amount of water that flow into the
mixer is given by the unction 𝑊 𝑡 = 10.89𝑡 2 + 7.89 . What is the
concentration of the salt inside the mixer at any time t?
Distinguishing Rational
Function, Equation,
and Inequality
Rational Expressions
A rational expression is a ratio of two polynomial
expressions.
If P and Q are nonzero polynomials, then the
rational expression is defined by
𝑷
𝑸
Rational Expressions
Examples:

𝟕 𝒙+𝟐 𝒚𝟐 −𝒚+𝟐
𝒂𝒃 𝒙−𝟏 𝟐𝒚
Rational Functions
A rational function can be written in the form:
𝒑(𝒙)
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒒(𝒙)
Where p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions, and
𝑞(𝑥) ≠ 0.
Rational Functions
Examples:
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙−𝟐
𝒛−𝟐
𝒇 𝒛 =
𝟐−𝒛
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟏
𝒚=
𝟐𝒙
Rational Equations
A rational equation is an equation involving a
rational expressions.
In a rational equation, one or both sides contain a
rational expression.
Rational Equations
Examples:
𝟒𝒙+𝟏
𝟎=
𝒙−𝟏
𝒙+𝟓 𝟐
𝒙 −𝟒
=
𝒙−𝟏 𝟑𝒙
Rational Inequalities
A rational inequality is an inequality involving a
rational expressions.
Rational Inequalities
Examples:
𝟏 −𝟐
≠
𝟔 𝒙+𝟏𝟏
𝟏 𝟐𝒙−𝟓
<
𝟑𝒙−𝟏 𝟐𝒙
EXAMPLE:

Determine whether the 2. 𝒙 > 𝒙 − 𝟔

given is a rational function, 𝐱−𝟏
3. 𝐟 𝐱 = 𝟓 −
a rational equation, a 𝟐𝐱+𝟑

rational inequality or none 4. 𝟐𝐱 ≥ 𝟑

𝐱 𝟐 −𝟗
of these.
𝟑+𝒙 𝟓𝒙−𝟏
−𝟑+𝐱 5. 𝒙𝟐−𝟏 = 𝒙
1. 𝐱−𝟕
=𝟓
Solving Rational
Equation
Rational Equations
A rational equation is an equation involving a
rational expressions.
In a rational equation, one or both sides contain a
rational expression.
Rational Equations
Examples:
𝟒𝒙+𝟏
𝟎=
𝒙−𝟏
𝒙+𝟓 𝟐
𝒙 −𝟒
=
𝒙−𝟏 𝟑𝒙
Solving Rational Equations
• In solving rational equations, we multiply each side of
the equation by the least common denominator
(LCD) of the rational expression. Then, solve the
equation.
• Note that eliminating denominators may introduce
extraneous solutions. Check the solutions of the
transformed equations with the original equation.
Rational Equations
Example: Solve for x.
5𝑥 1 7
1. + =
6 3 12
Rational Equations
Example: Solve for x.
1 1 1
2. + =
𝑥 3 4
Rational Equations
Example: Solve for x.
2 3
3. − =1
𝑥 𝑥+2
Rational Equations
Example: Solve for x.
4𝑥−6 7
4. =
2𝑥−3 𝑥+1
Extraneous Solution
An apparent solution that does not solve its
equation.
Generalization
Generalization
• A rational function can be written in the form: 𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒑(𝒙)
𝒒(𝒙)

• Where p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions, and

𝑞(𝑥)≠0.
• A rational expression is a ratio of two polynomial
expressions.
Generalization
• A rational equation is an equation involving a rational
expressions.
• A rational inequality is an inequality involving a rational
expressions.
Generalization

•In solving rational equations, we multiply

each side of the equation by the least
common denominator (LCD) of the
rational expression. Then, solve the
equation.
References
• Lim, Yvette F., et. Al. (2016) Math for Engaged Learning,
General Mathematics, Sibs Publishing House, Inc.
• Orines, Fernando B. (2016) Next Century Mathematics 11
General Mathematics, Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
• Oronce, Orlando A. (2019) My Skill Builder General
Mathematics, Rex Book Store, Inc.
• General Mathematics Learner’s Material (DepEd)
Thank You!