Lesson 4 Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 71

Lesson 4
Equal Remuneration Act, 1976

LESSON OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
– Learning Objectives In today's globalised liberalised scenario,
– Object and scope of the Act women form an integral part of the Indian
workforce. In such an environment, the quality
– Appropriate Government of women’s employment is very important and
depends upon several factors. The foremost
– Remuneration same work or work of
being equals access to education and other
similar nature
opportunities for skill development. This requires
– Act having overriding effect empowerment of women as well as creation of
awareness among them about their legal rights
– Duty of employer
and duties.
– Non Discrimination while recruiting men
In order to ensure this, the Government of India
and women
has taken several steps for creating a congenial
– Authorities for hearing and deciding work environment for women workers. A number
claims and complaints of protective provisions have been incorporated
in the various Labour Laws. To give effect to
– Maintenance of Registers
the Constitutional provisions and also ensure
– Penalty the enforcement of ILO Convention the Equal
Remuneration Act, 1976 enacted by the
Parliament.
The implementation of the Equal Remuneration
Act, 1976 is done at two levels. In Central
Sphere the Act is being implemented by the
Central Government and in State Sphere, the
implementation rests with the State
Governments.
Therefore, students should know the intricacies
involved in the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976.

Article 39 of Constitution of India envisages that the State shall direct its policy, among other
things, towards securing that there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women. To give
effect to this constitutional provision, the Parliament enacted the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976.

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OBJECT AND SCOPE

The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 provides for payment of equal remuneration to men and women workers for
same work or work of similar nature without any discrimination and also prevents discrimination against women
employees while making recruitment for the same work or work of similar nature, or in any condition of service
subsequent to recruitment. The provisions of the Act have been extended to all categories of employment. The
Act extends to whole of India.

Definitions
“Appropriate Government” means –
(i) in relation to any employment carried on by or under the authority of the Central Government or a
railway administration, or in relation to a banking company, a mine, oilfield or major port or any corporation
established by or under a Central Act, the Central Government, and
(ii) in relation to any other employment, the State Government. {section 2(a)}

“Man” and “Woman” mean male and female human beings, respectively, of any age. {section 2(d)}
“Remuneration” means the basic wage or salary, and any additional emoluments whatsoever payable, either
in cash or in kind, to a person employed in respect of employment or work done in such employment, if the terms
of the contract of employment, express or implied, were fulfilled. {section 2(g)}

“Same work or Work of a similar nature” means work in respect of which the skill, effort and responsibility
required are the same, when performed under similar working conditions, by a man or a woman and the
differences, if any, between the skill, effort and responsibility required of a man and those required of a woman
are not of practical importance in relation to the terms and conditions of employment. {section 2(h)}

Act to have overriding effect

Section 3 of the Act provides that the provisions of the Act shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent
therewith contained in any other law or in the terms of any award, agreement or contract of service, whether
made before or after the commencement of the Act, or in any instrument having effect under any law for the time
being in force.

Duty of employer to pay equal remuneration to men and women workers for same work or
work of a similar nature
Section 4 of the Act provides that no employer shall pay to any worker, employed by him in an establishment
or employment, remuneration, whether payable in cash or in kind, at rates less favourable than those at which
remuneration is paid by him to the workers of the opposite sex in such establishment or employment for
performing the same work or work of a similar nature and employer shall not reduce the rate of remuneration
of any worker.
It may be noted that as per Section 2(g) “remuneration” means the basic wage or salary, and any additional
emoluments whatsoever payable, either in cash or in kind, to a person employed in respect of employment or
work done in such employment, if the terms of the contract of employment, express or implied, were fulfilled and
Section 2(h) defines “same work or work of a similar nature” means work in respect of which the skill, effort and
responsibility required are the same, when performed under similar working conditions, by a man or a woman
and the differences, if any, between the skill, effort and responsibility required of a man and those required of
woman are not of practical importance in relation to the terms and conditions of employment :
 Lesson 4 Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 73

Discrimination not to be made while recruiting men and women

As per section 5 employer while making recruitment for the same work or work of a similar nature, or in any
condition of service subsequent to recruitment such as promotions, training or transfer, shall not make any
discrimination against women except where the employment of women in such work is prohibited or restricted
by or under any law for the time being in force .
However, above mentioned section shall not affect any priority or reservation for Scheduled Castes or Scheduled
Tribes, ex-servicemen, retrenched employees or any other class or category of persons in the matter of recruitment
to the posts in an establishment or employment

Authorities for hearing and deciding claims and complaints

Section 7 of the Act empower the appropriate Government appoint such officers, not below the rank of a Labour
Officer, as it thinks fit to be the authorities for the purpose of hearing and deciding complaints with regard to the
contravention of any provision of the Act; claims arising out of non-payment of wages at equal rates to men and
women workers for the same work or work of a similar nature; and define the local limits within which each such
authority shall exercise its jurisdiction.

Maintenance of Registers
As per section 8 it is the duty of every employer, to maintain registers and other documents in relation to the
workers employed by him in the prescribed manner.

Penalty
If any employer:- (i) makes any recruitment in contravention of the provisions of this Act; or (ii) makes any
payment of remuneration at unequal rates to men and women workers for the same work or work of a similar
nature; or (iii) makes any discrimination between men and women workers in contravention of the provisions of
this Act; or (iv) omits or fails to carry out any direction made by the appropriate Government, then he/ she shall
be punishable with fine or with imprisonment or with both.

LESSON ROUND UP
– Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 provides for the payment of equal remuneration to men and women
workers and for the prevention of discrimination, on the ground of sex, against women in the matter of
employment and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
– Same work or Work of a similar nature means work in respect of which the skill, effort and responsibility
required are the same, when performed under similar working conditions, by a man or a woman and
the differences, if any, between the skill, effort and responsibility required of a man and those required
of a woman are not of practical importance in relation to the terms and conditions of employment.
– The provisions of this Act shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained
in any other law or in the terms of any award, agreement or contract of service, whether made before
or after the commencement of this Act, or in any instrument having effect under any law for the time
being in force.
– The Act provides that no employer shall pay to any worker, employed by him in an establishment or
employment, remuneration, whether payable in cash or in kind, at rates less favourable than those at
which remuneration is paid by him to the workers of the opposite sex in such establishment or
employment for performing the same work or work of a similar nature and employer shall not reduce
the rate of remuneration of any worker.
– Employer while making recruitment for the same work or work of a similar nature, or in any condition of