Slides Pavement Condition Index (Pci) - Group 4

BFC31802 – HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
PROJECT OF PAVEMENT CONDITION INDEX (PCI)
BY GROUP 4
LECTURER: TS. AHMAD RAQIB BIN AB. GHANI
PUAN NOORLIYANA BINTI OMAR
MOHAMAD SYAZWAN BIN BASIRON
(CF190085)
NUR AIMAN LIYANA BINTI DERAHMAN

(CF190080)
NUR HAFIDAH BINTI MOHAMAD NASIR

(CF190050)
NURSYUHANI BINTI BUKHARI

(CF190072)
NUR ALIYAH BINTI OTHMAN

(CF190090)
When there is defect on pavement at a certain point, it must be
repaired in order to maintain service levels. The type of maintenance
required depends on the levels of distress and damage caused by road
pavement.
INTRODUCTION
Road pavement damage usually occurs due to traffic load,

temperature, moisture content or the movement of the sub grade and
it can be divided into six categories pavement crack, surface
deformation, surface defects, edge defects, pothole and patch.
This project conducted to determine the pavement condition index

(PCI) on the road. The PCI is calculated by starting with a perfect
score of 100 and substracting deduction points for each distress
based on the distress type and severity.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) at
selected location.
To investigate and identify the road defect of the road

pavement at selected location.
To evaluate the causes of pavement distress.

LITERATURE REVIEW
TYPES OF PAVEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRESS
DISTRESS
STRUCTURAL
Pavement Distress means an DISTRESS
indicator on a pavement
performance which will show the
sign of impending failures.
RAVELING
Is caused by the
dislodging of
aggregate particles
LONGITUDINAL and wearing away
CRACKS the pavement
surface and its
Causes formed looks like loose
parallel to the rocks and debris
TRANSVERSE center line of the because the
CRACK road pavement asphalt may have
and may cause by raveling.
Cause cracks to poor
perpendicular to constructed
the pavement’s paving joint,
center line and asphaly layer
usualy formed due shrinkage and the
to thermal carcks formed an
movement underlying layer
BLOCK CRACKS
Its looks like giant
rectangular or square
shaped cracks in
CRECENT-SHAPED pavement. Generally
CRACKS causes by shrinkage
of the asphalt
Its are half moon pavement due to an
shaped cracks inability of asphalt
BLEEDING which having two binder to expand and
ends pointed away contract with
Occurs when film from the direction
or asphalt binder temperature cycles.
of traffic. Cracks
appears on road is due braking or
surface and it turning wheels and
causes by cause the
insufficient air pavement surface
void to slide and
deform
STRUCTURAL DISTRESS
ALLIGATOR
CRACKS DEPRESSION CORRUGATION
Is a series of Regular transvers

Localized road
interconnecting undulations, closely
sections with a
cracks caused by alternate valleys and
slight depression,
fatigue failure of the crests with wave
it causes
asphalt concrete length. It usually
roughness and
surface under caused by traffic
collects water
repeated traffic action combined with
which may lead to
loading such as unstable pavement
potholes.
wheel paths surface.
STRUCTURAL DISTRESS
POTHOLES SHOVING PATCH
Bowl-shaped cavity Bulging of road surface Repair section of

in the pavement generally parallel to the pavement where a
surface resulting direction of traffic portion of the
from the loss of or horizontal pavement surface has
wearing course and displacement of surface, been removed and
binder course mainly in the direction of replaced. It may not
materials. Measuring traffic where braking or be associated with
the pothole by acceleration movements either a loss of
counting the number. occur,. serviceability.
METHODOLOGY
The methodology of this study describes
briefly the overview of the process and
workflow involved in the research.
We choose road of Taman Sri Dungun,
23000 Kuala Dungun, Terengganu which
is about 1 KM and we identify all the
distress along the study area.
WORK FLOW CHART
OVERVIEW THE IDENTIFY THE

START
PROJECT TASK STUDY AREA
PERFORM THE
PROVIDE FINAL RESEARCH &
DATA COLLECTION
REPORT OBSERVATIONNOF
CRITICAL ROAD
END
PAVEMENT CONDITION INDEX (PCI)
The method is to identify the pavement condition in which scales from 0 to
100. scale 0 indicate pavement failed and 100 indicate excellent.
Selection of the minimum number of sample units
The Total Number of sample units, N:10

The Number of sample units to be surveyed, n:5
Recommended that the sample units to be identified be spaced equally
throughout the section. Sampling interval is determined by
𝑁 10
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙, 𝐼 = = =2
𝑛 5
DATA & ANALYSIS
ASPHALT SURFACED ROADS AND PARKING LOTS CONDITION SURVEY DATA SHEET FOR SAMPLE SKETCH
UNIT
BRANCH: DATE:
SURVEYED BY: SAMPLE UNIT: 2
SECTION: 1 SAMPLE AREA: 3m x 100m
01. Alligator Cracking (m2) 06. Depression (m2) 11. Patching & Utility Cut Patching (m2) 16. Shoving (m2)
02. Bleeding (m2) 07. Edge Cracking (m) 12. Polished Aggregate (m2) 17. Slippage Cracking (m2)
03. Block Cracking (m2) 08. Joint Reflection Cracking (m) 13. Potholes (no.) 18. Swell (m2)
04. Bumps and Sags (m 09. Lane/Shoulder Drop Off (m) 14. Railroad Crossing (m2) 19. Weathering/Ravelling (m2)
05. Corrugation (m2) 10. Longitudinal & Transverse Cracking (m) 15. Rutting (m2)
DISTRESS DENSITY DEDUCT
QUANTITY TOTAL
SURVEY % VALUE
6.4
100(300) =
06 M 4.8 1.1 0.5 6.4 11
2.13
2.49
100( ) =
11 M 1.79 0.7 2.49 300 9
0.83
Maximum allowable number of
deducts m,
Highest Deduct Values, HDV = 11
m = 1 + (9/98)(100 – HDV)
= 1 + (9/98)(100 - 11)
= 9.17
• Deduct values in descending order: 11, 9

• Number of deduct values = 2
• Since the maximum allowable number of
deduct is 9.17, then all the deducts are
use since they are less than m
• 11 and 9
Maximum corrected deduct value, CDV

• Number of deduct values greater than 2,
q=2
• Totals deduct value = 11 + 9 = 20
• From figure B-45, CDV = 14
NO QUANTITY TOTAL q CDV
1 11 9 20 2 20
2 11 2 13 1 13
PCI = 100 - 𝐶𝐷𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥

=100 – 20
= 80
Based on the rating for PCI value of 80, this section of

pavement is in Preventive Maintenance condition.
Related picture
Distress survey – 06 M
(SEPTEMBER 2015)
(DEPRESSION)C
(SEPTEMBER 2015)
(PATCHING)
ASPHALT SURFACED ROADS AND PARKING LOTS CONDITION SURVEY DATA SHEET FOR SKETCH
SAMPLE UNIT
BRANCH: DATE:
02. Bleeding (m2) 07. Edge Cracking (m) 12. Polished Aggregate (m2) 17. Slippage Cracking
(m2)
04. Bumps and Sags (m 09. Lane/Shoulder Drop Off (m) 14. Railroad Crossing (m2) 19.
Weathering/Ravelling (m2)
QUANTITY TOTAL
SURVEY % VALUE
5.5
100( ) =
11 H 3.5 2 5.5 300 24
1.83
4.3
100(300) =
01 L 1 0.8 2.5 4.3 14
1.43
deducts m,
m = 1 + (9/98)(100 – HDV)
= 1 + (9/98)(100 - 24)
• Deduct values in descending order: 24,14
= 7.98
deduct is 7.98, then all the deducts are
use since they are less than m
• 24 and 14

q=2
• Totals deduct value = 24 + 14 = 38
1 24 14 38 2 28
2 24 2 26 1 26

=100 – 28
= 72
Based on the rating for PCI value of 72, this section of

pavement is in Preventive Maintenance condition.
Related picture
(SEPTEMBER 2015)
(PATCHING)
Distress survey – 01 L
(SEPTEMBER 2015)
(ALIGATOR CRACKING)
SAMPLE UNIT
BRANCH: DATE:
(m2)
QUANTITY TOTAL
SURVEY % VALUE
3.6
100(100) =
10 M 2.1 1.5 3.6 19
3.6
deducts m,
m = 1 + (9/98)(100 – HDV)
= 1 + (9/98)(100 - 19)
= 7.44
• Deduct values in descending order: 19

deduct is 7.44, then all the deducts are use
since they are less than m
• 19

q=1
• Totals deduct value = 19
1 19 0 19 1 19
2

=100 – 19
= 81
Based on the rating for PCI value of 81, this
section of pavement is in Preventive Maintenance
condition.
Related picture
(SEPTEMBER 2015)
(LONGITUDIAL/TRANSVERSE
CRACKING)
SAMPLE UNIT
BRANCH: DATE:
(m2)
DISTRESS QUANTITY TOTAL DENSITY DEDUCT
SURVEY % VALUE
06 M 1.125 2.12 3.245 100( 9
3.245
)
=
300
1.08
deducts m,
m = 1 + (9/98)(100 – HDV)
= 1 + (9/98)(100 - 9)
= 9.36

• 9

q=1
1 9 0 9 1 9
2

=100 – 9
= 91
section of pavement is in Routine Maintenance
condition.
Related picture
(SEPTEMBER 2015)
(DEPRESSION)
SAMPLE UNIT
BRANCH: DATE:
(m2)
QUANTITY TOTAL
SURVEY % VALUE
1.52
100( ) =
01 M 1.12 0.4 1.52 300 16
0.51
deducts m,
m = 1 + (9/98)(100 – HDV)
= 1 + (9/98)(100 - 16)
= 8.71

• 16

q=1
1 16 0 16 1 16
2

=100 – 16
= 84
section of pavement is in Preventive Maintenance
condition.
Related picture
(SEPTEMBER 2015)
(ALIGATOR)
ESTIMATION OF
RESURFACE CONSTRUCTION
SECTION AREA (m2)
1 200
2 200
3 200
4 200
5 200
TOTAL AREA = 200 + 200 + 200 + 200 + 200 =1200

DISCUSSION & RECOMMENDATION
The pavement This failure will At day, the
fatigue is the main make the other ultraviolet (UV)
reason behind the sides of the rays make the
formation of wheel to pavement to
WEATHER
POTHOLES
DEPRESSION
potholes. These undergo uplift. expand and
chunks between the These ruts like move while the
cracks formed in depressions are reduction of
the pavement will evident after temperature
become loose and rain where these might make the
will be picked out depressions pavement
under continuous would be filled contract. This
loading and with water and expansion and
stresses. act like the contraction are
potholes. the main reason
for initial
cracking and
makes water
enter.
Doubling the base or the sub-base Using surface patching that
thickness to distribute a point load over are constructed by miling a
a larger area. A well-constructed base portion of the pavement to a
and sub-base will aid drainage and depth that removes all
prevent settlement. deteriorated material.
The fog seals can be used to an aging

pavement. A light application of a diluted
slow-setting asphalt emulsion to the surface
of an aged pavement surface that can help
to prevent water intrusion and improves
aggregate retention.
38
CONCLUSION
The road that we selected provide with minimum
damage categorized as function damage and
structural damage such as patching, depression and
cracking.
Routine maintenance work should be carried out also
known as resurface. From the data record that have
been taken there are minor damage that occur on the
road.
As the chosen road is the main road for the locals,
safety is a priority and we have come up with a few
improvements and rehabilitation that will be needed
to repair the road pavement to increase the strength
of the road.

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BFC31802 – HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

PROJECT OF PAVEMENT CONDITION INDEX (PCI)

NUR AIMAN LIYANA BINTI DERAHMAN

NUR HAFIDAH BINTI MOHAMAD NASIR

NURSYUHANI BINTI BUKHARI

NUR ALIYAH BINTI OTHMAN

Road pavement damage usually occurs due to traffic load,

This project conducted to determine the pavement condition index

To investigate and identify the road defect of the road

To evaluate the causes of pavement distress.

Is a series of Regular transvers

Bowl-shaped cavity Bulging of road surface Repair section of

OVERVIEW THE IDENTIFY THE

The Total Number of sample units, N:10

• Deduct values in descending order: 11, 9

Maximum corrected deduct value, CDV

PCI = 100 - 𝐶𝐷𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥

Based on the rating for PCI value of 80, this section of

Maximum corrected deduct value, CDV

PCI = 100 - 𝐶𝐷𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥

Based on the rating for PCI value of 72, this section of

• Deduct values in descending order: 19

Maximum corrected deduct value, CDV

PCI = 100 - 𝐶𝐷𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥

• Deduct values in descending order: 9

Maximum corrected deduct value, CDV

PCI = 100 - 𝐶𝐷𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥

• Deduct values in descending order: 16

Maximum corrected deduct value, CDV

PCI = 100 - 𝐶𝐷𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥

TOTAL AREA = 200 + 200 + 200 + 200 + 200 =1200

The fog seals can be used to an aging

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