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Inaqua (Fertilizacao)
Inaqua (Fertilizacao)
DE MOÇAMBIQUE
MINISTÉRIO DAS PESCAS
www.inaqua.gov.mz
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d®2(0$*8$&8/785$
Introdução sobre Aquacultura no País e no Mundo
Módulo1
PLANO TEMÁTICO (45 min.)
1FMPTFVDPOUFÙEPOVUSJDJPOBM PQFJYFÊVNBMJNFOUPJOEJTQFOTÃWFMQBSBBTDSJBOÉBTFNDSFTDJNFOUPF
QBSBBTNVMIFSFTHSÃWJEBTFSFDPNFOEBTFRVF
r "TNVMIFSFTHSÃWJEBTDPOTVNBNQFJYF QBSBRVFPCFCÊOBTÉBNBJTTBVEÃWFMFRVFPTTFVT
PTTPTFEFOUFTTFKBNGPSUFT
r "TDSJBOÉBTDPOTVNBNQFJYFQBSBHBSBOUJSPGPSUBMFDJNFOUPEPTPTTPTFEPTEFOUFT CFNDPNP
QBSBHBSBOUJSPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPDÊSFCSP
"T BOÃMJTFT GFJUBT B EJGFSFOUFT QFJYFT NPTUSBN RVF PT NFTNPT BQSFTFOUBN FN NÊEJB B TFHVJOUF
DPNQPTJÉÈPOVUSJDJPOBM
5BCFMB$PNQPTJÉÈPOVUSJDJPOBMNÊEJBEPNÙTDVMPEPTQFJYFTEFÃHVBEPDF
Água Proteínas Gorduras Sais minerais Carbohidratos
m
3
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" BRVBDVMUVSB DPOUJOVB B DSFTDFS NBJT SBQJEBNFOUF EP RVF RVBMRVFS PVUSP TFDUPS EF QSPEVÉÈP EF
BMJNFOUPTEFPSJHFNBOJNBMFTVBUBYBEFDSFTDJNFOUPOPNVOEPÊEF BPBOPFORVBOUPBQSPEVÉÈP
EBQFTDBFYUSBDUJWBFTUÃFTUBCJMJ[BEBIÃBOPT QSBUJDBNFOUFFNSFUSPDFTTP
"FYQFDUBUJWBEPTFTQFDJBMJTUBTÊEFRVFFNBBRVBDVMUVSBTFKBSFTQPOTÃWFMQPSEBPGFSUBEF
QFTDBEPQBSBPDPOTVNPIVNBOP PVTFKB VMUSBQBTTFNJMI×FTEFUPOFMBEBT"TTJN BBRVBDVMUVSBÊ
a actividade que pode ser indicada como alternativa à pesca.
r ComerciaMRVBOEPPTFTGPSÉPTTÈPEJSJHJEPTQBSBPCUFOÉÈPEFMVDSPT
r RecreativaQFTDBEFTQPSUJWB
4
r &MFWBEBQSPEVÉÈPQPSÃSFB
r 3FOEBDPNQMFNFOUBSQBSBPQSPEVUPS
r 6NBJNQPSUBOUFGPOUFEFFNQSFHP
r %JTQPOJCJMJEBEFJNFEJBUBEPQSPEVUPTFNPTQSPCMFNBTEBTB[POBMJEBEF ÊQPDBT WFSJñDBEPT
OBQFTDBFYUSBDUJWB
r #BJYPDVTUPEFQSPEVÉÈP RVBOEPDPNQBSBEBBPVUSBTBDUJWJEBEFTBHSPQFDVÃSJBT
r 0HSPTTPEBQSPEVÉÈPBRVÎDPMBÊDPNQPTUPQPSVNQFRVFOPOÙNFSPEFFTQÊDJFTFYJTUJOEPVN
HSBOEFQPUFODJBMEFDVMUJWPFNNVJUBTPVUSBTFTQÊDJFT
r 1BSBDSJBSLHEFQFJYF ÊOFDFTTÃSJBNBJTÃHVBEPRVFFNPVUSBTBDUJWJEBEFT1PSJTTPUBNCÊN
TFQPEFEFQBSBSDPNEJñDVMEBEFEFFTDBTTF[EFÃHVB
r 'BMUBEFFTUVEPTFNSFMBÉÈPBWÃSJBTFTQÊDJFTEFQFJYFT
r 'VSUPEFQFJYFT
r $POTFSWBÉÈP BDBSOFEPQFJYFÊNBJTQFSFDÎWFMRVFBTEPTPVUSPTBOJNBJT
r "BRVBDVMUVSBJOUFOTJWBPVJOEVTUSJBM FNRVFVTBNSBÉ×FT BOUJCJÓUJDPTFPVUSPTQSPEVUPTQBSB
NBYJNJ[BSBQSPEVÉÈP QPEFQSFKVEJDBSPFDPTTJTUFNB BUSBWÊTEFFóVFOUFTRVFTÈPMBOÉBEPT
OPNFJPBNCJFOUF TFOÈPGPSBEFRVBEBNFOUFHFSJEB
V – AQUACULTURA EM MOÇAMBIQUE
"QSPEVÉÈPOBDJPOBMEFQFTDBEPOÈPSFHJTUB IÃWÃSJPTBOPT RVBMRVFSBVNFOUP3FDPOIFDFTFRVF PT
SFDVSTPTQFTRVFJSPTKÃGPSBNFYQMPSBEPTBUÊBDBQBDJEBEFNÃYJNBPVFTUÈPTFOEPFYQMPSBEPTFNFY
DFTTP&TQFSBTFRVFBQSPEVÉÈPQPTTBTFSBVNFOUBEBNFEJBOUFNFMIPSVUJMJ[BÉÈPEPTSFDVSTPTEBQFTDB
JOUFSJPSFJNQMBOUBÉÈPEFVNBBDUJWJEBEFEFBRVBDVMUVSBQMBOJñDBEB
"QJTDJDVMUVSBFN.PÉBNCJRVFJOJDJPVOPTBOPTDPNBDPOTUSVÉÈPEFSFQSFTBTOB;BNCÊ[JB /BNQVMB
F.BOJDB DPNBñOBMJEBEFEFBMJNFOUBSPTFNQSFHBEPTEBTHSBOEFTQMBOUBÉ×FT/PDPNFÉPEPTBOPT
USËTFTUBÉ×FTEFQFTRVJTBTGPSBNDPOTUSVÎEBTQFMP(PWFSOPBEF6NCFMV[J IB BEF4VTTVOEFOHB
IB F$IÓLXÍ IB 0PCKFDUJWPQSJODJQBMFSBPSFQPWPBNFOUPEBTBMCVGFJSBT EFMBHPBTFSFTFSWBT
OBUVSBJTEFÃHVB
"DUVBMNFOUFPNBJPSEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEFTUBBDUJWJEBEFEÃTFOBQSPWÎODJBEF.BOJDB QSJODJQBMNFOUF
OPT EJTUSJUPT EF .BOJDB 4VTTVOEFOHB (POEPMB .PTTVSJ[F F #ÃSVF UPEBWJB FTUB BDUJWJEBEF UFN TJEP
EFTFOWPMWJEBVNQPVDPQPSUPEPPQBÎT EFUBMNBOFJSBRVFSFHJTUPTEF JOEJDBNBFYJTUËODJBEF
UBORVFTEFUFSSB BTTJNEJTUSJCVÎEPT .BOJDBm ;BNCÊ[JBm /BNQVMBm /JBTTBm
5FUFm 4PGBMBm (B[Bm .BQVUPm *OIBNCBOFm $BCP%FMHBEPm
"QSPEVÉÈPUPUBMEFQFJYFTEBBRVBDVMUVSBFN.PÉBNCJRVFFNGPJEFDFSDBEFUPOFMBEBT EBT
RVBJT GPJPSFTVMUBEPEBQSPEVÉÈPGBNJMJBS&TUBQSPEVÉÈPGBNJMJBSSFHJTUPVVNBVNFOUPEFEP
BOPQBSB
/P ÙMUJNP BOP B BRVBDVMUVSB EF ÃHVBT JOUFSJPSFT GPJ NBSDBEB QFMP GPNFOUP EP DVMUJWP EF DBSQB FN
/JBTTB BJNQMBOUBÉÈPEFUSËTQSPKFDUPTEFDVMUJWPEFUJMÃQJBFN5FUF CFNDPNPBDUJWJEBEFTEFUSPDBEF
FYQFSJËODJB BTTJTUËODJBUÊDOJDBFDBQBDJUBÉÈPEFQJTDJDVMUPSFTFFYUFOTJPOJTUBT
"DPOUSJCVJÉÈPEPTFDUPSEBT1FTDBTQBSBP1MBOPEF"DÉÈPQBSBB3FEVÉÈPEB1PCSF[B"CTPMVUB 1"31"
UJOIB DPNP PCKFDUJWP NFMIPSBS P OÎWFM EF WJEB EBT DPNVOJEBEFT F HBSBOUJS B FYQMPSBÉÈP
5
TVTUFOUÃWFMEPTSFDVSTPTQFTRVFJSPTFEFBRVBDVMUVSBBUSBWÊTEFBDÉ×FTRVFJODMVFNPBVNFOUPEPT
OÎWFJTEFQSPEVÉÈPEBBRVBDVMUVSBEFQFRVFOBFTDBMBFBFYQBOTÈPEBTÃSFBTEFDVMUVSBEBBRVBDVMUVSB
DPNFSDJBMEFDBNBSÈPFEFBMHBTDPNWJTUBBBVNFOUBSBDPOUSJCVJÉÈPQBSBBTFYQPSUBÉ×FT
$PN WJTUB B JNQVMTJPOBS P EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP EB BRVBDVMUVSB OP QBÎT Ê BQSPWBEB FN "HPTUP EF
B&TUSBUÊHJBQBSBP%FTFOWPMWJNFOUPEB"RVBDVMUVSBFN.PÉBNCJRVFFÊDSJBEPP*/"26" *OTUJUVUP
/BDJPOBMEF%FTFOWPMWJNFOUPEB"RVBDVMUVSB FN
%FWJEPÆTMJNJUBÉ×FTSFHJTUBEBTOBDBQUVSBEPQFTDBEP P1MBOPEF"DÉÈPQBSBB3FEVÉÈPEB1PCSF[B
"CTPMVUB 1"31"** TVHFSFNVEBOÉBTFTUSVUVSBJTOPTFDUPSQFTRVFJSP EBOEPNBJTËOGBTFBPTVCTFDUPSEF
BRVBDVMUVSB0TVCTFDUPSEFBRVBDVMUVSBQPEFDPOUSJCVJSTJHOJñDBUJWBNFOUFOPBVNFOUPEBTFYQPSUBÉ×FT
FOBSFEVÉÈPEBQPCSF[BBCTPMVUB NFMIPSBSBTFHVSBOÉBBMJNFOUBSFOVUSJDJPOBM BVNFOUBSPSFOEJNFOUP
GBNJMJBSFDSJBSFNQSFHPOBT[POBTSVSBJT
6
TFYVBMDPNNFTFTEFJEBEFFDFSDBEFDN/BBMUVSBEBSFQSPEVÉÈP PTPWPTTÈPEFQPTJUBEPT
FNCVSBDPTGFJUPTQFMPNBDIPOBTTVQFSGÎDJFTJOUFSJPSFTEPTEJRVFTFNÃHVBSBTBPOEFBRVBOUJ
EBEFEFPYJHÊOJPÊBCVOEBOUF
r Cyprinus carpio DBSQBDPNVN OBTVBGPSNBTFMWBHFNÊEFDPSWFSEFB[FJUPOBOBSFHJÈPEPSTBMEP
DPSQPFBNBSFMBEBOBTMBUFSBJTFOBCBSSJHB$POUVEP BHFSBÉÈPEFIÎESJDPTUPSOBBTDPSFTNVJUP
WBSJÃWFJT F DBCFÉB NBJT QFRVFOB " FTQÊDJF Ê DBSBDUFSJ[BEB QPS BQSFTFOUBS VNB FTQJOIB EPSTBM
TFSSJMIBEB 0T NBDIPT TÈP EJGFSFODJBEPT EBT GËNFBT QPS BQSFTFOUBSFN VNB HSBOEF CBSCBUBOB
WFOUSBM"CPDBÊUFSNJOBMOPTJOEJWÎEVPTBEVMUPT FÊTVCUFSNJOBMFNJOEJWÎEVPTKPWFOT$PMPSBÉÈP
FQSPQPSÉÈPTÈPWBSJÃWFJT FBTFTDBNBTTÈPTFNQSFHSBOEFTFHSPTTBTDPCSJOEPUPEPPDPSQP
1PTTVFNVNQBSEFCBSCJMI×FTOPTDBOUPTEBCPDB1PEFNBUJOHJSBNBUVSJEBEFDPNNFTFT
DN
r Ctenopharyngodon idella DBSQBDBQJN DBSBDUFSJ[BTFQPSUFSPDPSQPSPMJÉP CFNNBJTñOPFDPN
QSJEPEPRVFBTPVUSBTDBSQBT5FNFTDBNBTHSBOEFT QSBUFBEBTFVOJGPSNFTQFMPDPSQPVN
QFJYFDPNNVJUBBHJMJEBEFFSBQJEF[ GBDUPOÈPNVJUPDPNVNFNPVUSBTDBSQBT"MJNFOUBTFUBOUP
OBTVQFSGÎDJFRVBOUPOPGVOEP$IFHBBNBJTEFLHFNOPTTPTQFTRVFJSPT&YDFMFOUFQSPEVUPS
EFBEVCPPSHÄOJDPQPEFDPOTVNJSEJBSJBNFOUFEFBEPTFVQFTP"MDBOÉBDFSDBEF LH
com um ano de idade.
CAMARÃO
Penaeus indicus DBNBSÈPCSBODP RVFQPEFBUJOHJSBUÊDNEFDPNQSJNFOUP"QSFTFOUBNVNBDPS
SPTBBNBSFMBEPQÃMJEB TFNJUSBOTMÙDJEPDPNNBODIBTEFDPSWFSEFB[FJUPOBDJO[FOUPB[VMBEB0TKVWFOJT
WJWFNFN[POBTFTUVBSJOBTFPTBEVMUPTTÈPNBSJOIPTWJWFOEPFNGVOEPTEFMPEPFBSFJBEFBNEF
profundidade.
Penaeus monodon Ê VNB FTQÊDJF EF DBNBSÈP DPOIFDJEB DPNP iDBNBSÈP UJHSFuRVF DIFHB B BUJOHJS
DN EF DPNQSJNFOUP "QSFTFOUB VNB DPS DJO[FOUPB[VMBEB DPN DBSBQBÉB F BCEÓNFO DPN MJTUSBT
FTDVSBTFDMBSBT0BCEÓNFOBQSFTFOUBQMFÓQPEFT QBUBTOBUBUÓSJBT DPNGSBOKBTEFDFSEBTWFSNFMIBT
0T KVWFOJT WJWFN FN ÃHVBT SBTBT EPT FTUVÃSJPT F NBOHBJT 0T BEVMUPT WJWFN FN BNCJFOUF NBSJOIP
TFOEPFODPOUSBEPTFNGVOEPTEFMPEPFBSFJB QPSWF[FTNJTUVSBEPTDPNDPODIBT BUÊNFUSPTEF
QSPGVOEJEBEF NBJTGSFRVFOUFBNFOPTEFN
7
8
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d®2(0$*8$&8/785$
Sistemas de cultivo
1-"/05&.¦5*$0 .*/
Módulo 2
I. INTRODUÇÃO
II. SELECÇÃO DO LOCAL
B %JTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFÃHVB
C 2VBMJEBEFEFÃHVB
D 5PQPHSBñBEPUFSSFOP
d. Qualidade dos solos
III. TANQUES DE TERRA PARA A PISCICULTURA
a. Testes para determinar o tipo de solo
C $POTUSVÉÈPEPUBORVFEFUFSSB
D 'PSNBUPFEJNFOT×FTEPTUBORVFTEFUFSSB
E 7BOUBHFOTFEFTWBOUBHFOTEPTUBORVFTEFUFSSB
IV. GAIOLAS FLUTUANTES
B $POTUSVÉÈPEFVNBHBJPMBóVUVBOUF
C 7BOUBHFOTFEFTWBOUBHFOTEBTHBJPMBTóVUVBOUFT
9
10
I – INTRODUÇÃO
1BSBBDSJBÉÈPEBTUJMÃQJBT PNBJTDPNVNTÈPPTUBORVFTFTDBWBEPTOPTPMP EFTJHOBEPTEFUBORVFTEF
UFSSB.BT PTUBORVFTQPEFNTFSUBNCÊNGFJUPEFDJNFOUP QMÃTUJDPPVPVUSPNBUFSJBMJNQFSNFÃWFM
&NHSBOEFTUBORVFTEFUFSSBQPEFNTFSDPMPDBEBTBMHVNBTHBJPMBT BTIBQBT EFNPEPBTFQBSBSPT
QFJYFTQPSHÊOFSPT JEBEFTPVQPSEFTPWBTQBSBRVFPUBNBOIPEFTUFTFNDBEBIBQBTFKBVOJGPSNFF
facilite a colheita.
0T QFJYFT QPEFN UBNCÊN TFS DSJBEPT FN HBJPMBT RVF TÈP TVTQFOTBT OPT DPSQPT EF ÃHVB DPNP SJPT
MBHPBT MBHPTPVOPNBS BTHBJPMBTóVUVBOUFT
1BSBBEFUFSNJOBÉÈPEPTJTUFNBEFDVMUJWP QBSBBMÊNEBTEJNFOT×FTEBTVOJEBEFTEFQSPEVÉÈPEFWF
TFUFSFNDPOUBPTQSJODJQBJTQBSÄNFUSPTEFRVBMJEBEFEFÃHVB UFNQFSBUVSB TBMJOJEBEF Q) BNÓOJBF
NJOFSBJT BEFRVBEPTÆFTQÊDJFBTFSQSPEV[JEB
"DPOEJÉÈPGVOEBNFOUBMQBSBRVFTFGBÉBBBRVBDVMUVSBÊBBCVOEÄODJBEFÃHVBEFCPBRVBMJEBEF
II – SELECÇÃO DO LOCAL
"/5&4EFTFDPOTUSVJSVNUBORVFEFUFSSBQBSBBJNQMFNFOUBÉÈPEBQJTDJDVMUVSB EFWFTFTFMFDDJPOBS
BFTQÊDJFFQBSBMFMBNFOUFPCTFSWBS QSJODJQBMNFOUF PTTFHVJOUFTGBDUPSFTRVBOUJEBEFFRVBMJEBEFEB
ÃHVB UPQPHSBñBEPUFSSFOP UJQPFRVBMJEBEFEPTPMPFTJTUFNBEFFTDPBNFOUP
a) Disponibilidade de Água
"ÃHVBEJTQPOÎWFMQBSBPTUBORVFTEFWFTFSTVñDJFOUFQBSBPBCBTUFDJNFOUPJOJDJBM SFQPTJÉÈPEBTQFSEBT
QPSFWBQPSBÉÈPFJOñMUSBÉÈP%FQSFGFSËODJBRVFFYJTUBVNBGPOUFEFÃHVBEFOUSPEPUFSSFOPPOEFTF
QSFUFOEFDPOTUSVJS UBMDPNPOBTDFOUFTSJBDIPTPVFNÙMUJNPDBTP ÃHVBTVCUFSSÄOFB
4FNQSF RVF QPTTÎWFM P BCBTUFDJNFOUP EFWF TFS GFJUP QPS HSBWJEBEF QBSB SFEV[JS PT DVTUPT DPN BT
NPUPCPNCBTFPVUSPTFRVJQBNFOUPT DPOTVNPEFFOFSHJBFMÊDUSJDB DPNCVTUÎWFM QBSBBMÊNEPTDVTUPT
EFNBOVUFOÉÈP
"RVBOUJEBEFEFÃHVBOFDFTTÃSJBQBSBPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEBQJTDJDVMUVSB ÊDBMDVMBEBPCTFSWBOEPTFB
ÃSFB BQSPGVOEJEBEFEPUBORVFFPQFTPñOBMUPUBMEPTQFJYFTBTFSFNQSPEV[JEPT2VBOUPNBJPSGPSP
QFTPñOBMUPUBMEBQSPEVÉÈP NBJPSRVBOUJEBEFEFÃHVBTFSÃSFRVFSJEBQBSBBSFDJSDVMBÉÈPFPYJHFOBÉÈP
da mesma.
"RVBOUJEBEFNÎOJNBEFÃHVBOFDFTTÃSJBQBSBBDSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFTEFWFTFSUBMRVFQFSNJUBFODIFSPT
UBORVFTFNQPVDPUFNQPFNBOUËMPTDPNPOÎWFMEFÃHVBDPOTUBOUFEVSBOUFUPEBTBTÊQPDBTEPBOP
&TTBRVBOUJEBEFWBJEFQFOEFSNVJUPEBSFHJÈPWJTUPRVFEFWFTFSTVñDJFOUFQBSBFODIFSPTUBORVFTPV
WJWFJSPTFDPNQFOTBSBTQFSEBTDBVTBEBTQFMBFWBQPSBÉÈPFJOñMUSBÉÈPEBÃHVB
0DPOIFDJNFOUPEPWPMVNFNÃYJNPOPTQFSÎPEPTEFDIFJBTFEPWPMVNFNÎOJNPOPQFSÎPEPEFTFDBÊ
UBNCÊNNVJUPJNQPSUBOUF
C Qualidade da Água
EBÃHVBRVFPTQFJYFTPCUËNPPYJHÊOJPQBSBBSFTQJSBÉÈPFPVUSPTOVUSJFOUFTRVFGBSÈPQBSUFEBTVB
DPNQPTJÉÈPDPSQPSBM"GBMUBEFPYJHÊOJP BUFNQFSBUVSBNVJUPCBJYBPVBBDJEF[FYDFTTJWB QPSFYFNQMP
QPEFN TFS QSFKVEJDJBJT BPT QFJYFT "MHVOT QFJYFT TÈP DBQB[FT EF TPCSFWJWFS FN DPOEJÉ×FT BEWFSTBT
SFEV[JOEPBQFOBTPTFVDSFTDJNFOUPPVJOUFSSPNQFOEPPTFVDJDMPSFQSPEVUJWP$POUVEP IÃFTQÊDJFT
RVFOÈPTPCSFWJWFN
11
"TTJN B RVBMJEBEFEFÃHVBEJTQPOÎWFMEFUFSNJOBFTQÊDJFEFQFJYFTBTFSFNQSPEV[JEPT QPSÊN TF B
RVBMJEBEF EB ÃHVB FTUJWFS GPSB EPT MJNJUFT SFRVFSJEPT QFMB FTQÊDJF B TFS QSPEV[JEB OÈP IBWFSÃ VNB
SFTQPTUBFñDJFOUFFNUFSNPTEFDSFTDJNFOUPFFOHPSEB
4FNQSFRVFQPTTÎWFMEFWFTFDPOIFDFSBQSPWFOJËODJBEBÃHVB QPSRVFÃHVBTQPMVÎEBTTÈPJNQSÓQSJBT
QBSB B BRVBDVMUVSB " QPMVJÉÈP QPEF TFS EF PSJHFN BHSÎDPMB DPNP PT BEVCPT F QFTUJDJEBT BSUJñDJBJT
QSPWFOJFOUF EF SFTÎEVPT JOEVTUSJBJT EF FTHPUPT EPNÊTUJDPT QPEFOEP DPOUFS DPMJGPSNFT GFDBJT RVF
TFSWJSÈPEPTQFJYFTDPNPWFÎDVMPTQBSBDPOUBNJOBSFNP)PNFN QSPWPDBOEPBDÓMFSBEFNJOFSBÉÈP
RVFDPOUBNJOBNBÃHVBDPNNJOÊSJPTUÓYJDPTFUD
"T ÃHVBT EBT OBTDFOUFT TÈP BT NBJT MJWSFT EF QPMVJÉÈP QPS JTTP NVJUBT WF[FT SFDPNFOEBEBT QBSB B
QJTDJDVMUVSB$POUVEP OFNTFNQSFDPOUËNOVUSJFOUFTFNQSPQPSÉ×FTRVFTBUJTGBÉBNOVUSJDJPOBMNFOUF
BTEJWFSTBTFTQÊDJFTEFQFJYFT
"TÃHVBTEFSJPT SJBDIPTFSFTFSWBUÓSJPTTÈPBTNBJTVUJMJ[BEBTOBQJTDJDVMUVSB QPSÊNEFWFTFUFSVNB
BUFOÉÈPNBJPSÆQPMVJÉÈPFÆQSFTFOÉBEFPVUSPTPSHBOJTNPTDPNQFUJEPSFTFFQSFEBEPSFT
c) Topografia do Terreno
"UPQPHSBñBEPUFSSFOPÊVNGBDUPSJNQPSUBOUF0SFMFWPEPUFSSFOPÊRVFEFUFSNJOBPUJQP OÙNFSP
superfície e forma dos cativeiros a serem construídos.
0UFSSFOPTFMFDDJPOBEPEFWFTFSQMBOPBñNEFGBDJMJUBSFCBJYBSPTDVTUPTEFSFNPÉÈPEFUFSSBQBSBB
DPOTUSVÉÈPEPTDBUJWFJSPTFEFWFUFSVNEFDMJWFTVñDJFOUFQBSBRVFFTUFTQPTTBNTFSBCBTUFDJEPTEF
ÃHVBQPSHSBWJEBEF FTUBOEPBÃSFBEFDBQUBÉÈPOVNOÎWFMBDJNBEPMPDBMFTDPMIJEPQBSBBDSJBÉÈPF
esvaziados naturalmente.
d) Qualidade dos Solos
" RVBMJEBEF EP TPMP EFWF TFS DPOUSPMBEB TFNQSF RVF TF QSFUFOEB NPOUBS VN DBUJWFJSP 1BSB JTTP Ê
JNQPSUBOUFDPOIFDFSTFPQ) BDJEF[ EPTPMP TFOEPBNFEJEBJEFBMÊQSÓYJNPEF QSÓYJNPTBPOFVUSP
0TQFJYFTOÈPTVQPSUBNHSBOEFTWBSJBÉ×FTEPQ)&TUBTWBSJBÉ×FTQPEFNTFSPDBTJPOBEBTQPSDIVWBT
JOUFOTBTPVQPSBEVCBÉÈPFYDFTTJWB
" DPSSFDÉÈP EP Q) ÃDJEP EFWF TFS GFJUB BUSBWÊT EP QSPDFTTP EF DBJBHFN BQMJDBÉÈP EF DBSCPOBUP EF
DÃMDJP FNRVBOUJEBEFWBSJÃWFM EFBDPSEPDPNPUJQPEFTPMPFPQ)NFEJEP
r 5BORVFTEFEFSJWBÉÈPmOPRVBMPBCBTUFDJNFOUPÊGFJUPQPSNFJPEFDBOBJTPVUVCBHFN
r 5BORVFTBCBTUFDJEPTDPNÃHVBTVCUFSSÄOFBmRVFTÈPFTDBWBEPTFN[POBTPOEFP
MFOÉPMGSFÃUJDPFTUÃBQFRVFOBQSPGVOEJEBEF QFSNJUJOEPBTTJNPBQSPWFJUBNFOUPEFTTBÃHVB
QBSBBCBTUFDJNFOUPEPUBORVF
12
0UJQPEFTPMPÊPVUSPGBDUPSBUFSTFFNDPOUB
r 4PMPTarenosoTOÈPTFSWFNQBSBDPOTUSVÉÈPEFUBORVFTFTDBWBEPTOBUVSBJT TFNWFEBÉÈP
QPJTQPTTVFNBMUBJOGJMUSBÉÈP"DPOTUSVÉÈPEFUBORVFTEFBMWFOBSJBPVWFEBEPTDPNMPOB
TFSJBNVNBBMUFSOBUJWB NBTJTTPBDBSSFUBVNNBJPSDVTUPEFJNQMBOUBÉÈP
5FTUF
'BÉBVNCVSBDPEFNEFQSPGVOEJEBEFFQFHVFVNBBNPTUSBEFTPMPEPGVOEP
.PMIFFTUFTPMPFDPNVNQPVDP GBÉBVNBCPMBOBNÈP
"UJSFBVOTDNBPBSFEFJYFRVFFMBDBJBTPCSFBQBMNBEBTVBNÈP
4FBCPMBTFEFTñ[FSOBTVBNÈP PTPMPOÈPÊCPNQBSBTFDPOTUSVJSPUBORVF
5FTUF
'BÉBVNSPMJOIPDPNVNBBNPTUSBIVNFEFDJEBEBUFSSBEPMPDBM UJSBEBBDFSDBEFNEFQSP
fundidade.
4FGPSQPTTÎWFMKVOUBSBTEVBTQPOUBTGB[FOEPVNBiBSHPMBu TJHOJñDBRVFPTPMPUFNVNBCPB
NJTUVSBEFBSHJMBFBSFJB
$BTPDPOUSÃSJP QSPDVSFPVUSPMPDBMQBSBBCSJSPUBORVF
5FTUF QFSNFBCJMJEBEFEPUFSSFOP
&ODIBEFÃHVBBUÊBPUPQPVNCVSBDPDPNDFSDBEFVNNFUSPEFQSPGVOEJEBEF
$VCSBPCVSBDPDPNGPMIBT
/PEJBTFHVJOUFPOÎWFMEBÃHVBEFWFSÃUFSCBJYBEPEFWJEPÆJOñMUSBÉÈP
4FBTQBSFEFTEPCVSBDPñDBNTBUVSBEBTQSPWBWFMNFOUFDPNBÃHVB TJHOJñDBRVFPTPMPQPEF
TVQPSUBSNFMIPSBÃHVB
3FFODIBEFÃHVBPCVSBDPBUÊBPUPQP
$VCSBVNBWF[NBJTDPNBTGPMIBT7FSJñRVFPOÎWFMEBÃHVBOPEJBTFHVJOUF
4FPOÎWFMEBÃHVBÊBJOEBFMFWBEP TJHOJñDBRVFPTPMPÊTVñDJFOUFNFOUFJNQFSNFÃWFMF
BEFRVBEPQBSBBDPOTUSVÉÈPEPUBORVF
13
C Construção do Tanque de terra
0 TUBORVFTEFWFNTFSDPOTUSVÎEPTEFQSFGFSËODJB FTDBWBEPTPVDPNMFWBOUBNFOUPEF
EJRVFTBQSPWFJUBOEPPNÃYJNPEBUPQPHSBGJBFYJTUFOUF
0MPDBMFTDPMIJEPQBSBBDPOTUSVÉÈPEFWFTFSUPUBMNFOUFMJNQPSFUJSBOEPTFUPEBTBTÃSWPSFT BSCVT
UPT WFHFUBÉÈP SBÎ[FT QFESBTFPVSPDIBT QBSBUPSOBSPUFSSFOPNBJTFTUÃWFMFFWJUBSQSPCMF
NBTEFJOGJMUSBÉÈP
%FTFHVJEB EFWFSÃNBSDBSPUBORVFDPNPBVYÎMJPEFFTUBDBT QSPDFEBÆNBSDBÉÈPEPlimite (ex-
terno) dos diques CFNDPNPBNBSDBÉÈPEPTlimites internos do fundo dos tanques us
BOEPDPSEBPVGJPSÎHJEP
3FUJSFBDBNBEBTVQFSJPSEPTPMPFDPOTFSWFPGPSBEBÃSFBEPUBORVF QBSBNBJTUBSEFDPN
QBDUBSPTEJRVFT&TTFTPMPÊrico em nutrientes e húmusFEFWFTFSVTBEPQBSBDPCSJSPGVOEP
EPUBORVFFQBSBDPCSJSPTEJRVFT
5. Cave o tanque e em simultâneo construa os diques (ou paredes). Ao cavar, use o solo reti
rado para construir os diques.
"DPNQBDUBÉÈPEPGVOEPFEPTEJRVFT QBSFEFT ÊQSÃUJDBobrigatória para evitar paredes para
NBJPSTFHVSBOÉBFEVSBCJMJEBEF DPNQBDUFCFNPTPMPBPDPOTUSVJSPTEJRVFT VTBOEPPTQÊT
PVDPNPBVYÎMJPEVNUSPODPQFTBEP4FFODPOUSBSTPMPBSFOPTPEFNÃRVBMJEBEF EFWFSÃMBOÉÃ
MPQBSBGPSBEBÃSFBEPWJWFJSPmnão o use para construir os diques.
0TEJRVFTEVNUBORVF EFWFNUFSDFSDBEFDNBDJNBEPOÎWFMEBÃHVBOPUBORVFEFWFN ser
largos e resistentesQBSBTVQPSUBSFNBQSFTTÈPEBÃHVBEntre dois tanques,PTEJRVFT QBSBBMÊN
EFFTUBSFNNVJUPCFNDPNQBDUBEPT UËNRVFSFTJTUJSÆQSFTTÈPEFÃHVBEFBNCPTPTMBEPT
3FDPNFOEBTFRVFBTVBMBSHVSBTFKBsuperior a dois metros5BNCÊNQBSBJNQFEJSBFSPTÈPEPT
EJRVFT EFWFTFplantar relva ou capim selvagemFNUPEBBFYUFOTÈPEPTEJRVFT
"PDBWBSPUBORVF ÊOFDFTTÃSJPUFSTFFNDPOUBRVFP fundo do tanqueEFWFSÃTFSinclinado.
Na parte menos profundaBÃHVBEFWFSÃDIFHBSBPOÎWFMEPTKPFMIPT0VTFKB PGVOEPEFWFUFS
VNBJODMJOBÉÈPEF FNEJSFDÉÈPBPTJTUFNBEFFTDPBNFOUP
"CSBBFOUSBEBFBTBÎEBEBÃHVBOPUBORVF0DBOBMEFentradaRVFUSBOTQPSUBBÃHVBQBSBPJOUF
SJPSEPUBORVF EFWFñDBSEPlado menos fundo&TUBÃHVBHFSBMNFOUFDPOUÊNCBTUBOUFTFEJNFOUP
RVFQPEFSJBUPSOBSPUBORVFNVJUPMBNBDFOUP"PDBWBSPDBOBMQBSBBFOUSBEBEBÃHVB DBWFVN
CVSBDPEFCBJYPEPUVCPEFFOUSBEB*TUPQFSNJUJSÃRVFPTPMPTFEJNFOUFFFWJUBRVFFMFTFFODIBEF
MBNB0UVCPEFFOUSBEBBUSBWFTTBPEJRVFFEFTFNCPDBOPJOUFSJPSEPUBORVF%FWFTFSJOTUBMBEP
VNñMUSPOPUVCPQBSBFWJUBSRVFQFJYFTTFMWBHFOTFOUSFNOPUBORVF FNGPSNBEFPWPT MBSWBTPV
mesmo juvenis). No interior do tanque, canal de entradaEFWFFTUBSIÃDFSDBEF15 cm acima do
nível da água.1PSVNMBEP JTUPJNQFEFRVFPTQFJYFTFTDBQFNQFMPUVCP FQPSPVUSPMBEP NJT
UVSBBSBPFOUSBSOPUBORVF SFGPSÉBOEPPUFPSFNPYJHÊOJP
0DBOBMEFescoamentoEBÃHVB EFWFñDBSEPlado oposto ao que contem o canal de entrada
FBVNOÎWFMNBJTCBJYP5BNCÊNEFWFFTUBSQSPUFHJEPDPNVNñMUSPQBSBJNQFEJSBTBÎEBJOEFTF
KBEBEPQFJYFFNDSJBÉÈP&TUFDBOBMEFFTDPBNFOUPUFNDPNPñOBMJEBEFSFUJSBSBÃHVBEPGVOEP
e manter o nível desejado.
$PNPñMUSPT QPEFNTFSVTBEPTBMHVOTVUFOTÎMJPTDPNPQFEBÉPTEFSFEFNFUÃMJDB QPUFTEFBSHJMB
DPNPSJGÎDJPT QFEBÉPTEFDIBQBDPNPSJGÎDJPPVBUÊNFTNPSFUBMIPTEFSFEFNPTRVJUFJSB
c) Formato e Dimensões de Tanques de terra
r "GPSNBFEJNFOT×FTEPTUBORVFTWBSJBEFBDPSEPDPNBTFTQÊDJFTDSJBEBT UPQPHSBGJBEP
14
UFSSFOP EJTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFÃHVB TJTUFNBEFDSJBÉÈP
r 1PSPVUSPMBEP PTUBORVFTQBSBDSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFT EFWFNTFSDPOTUSVÎEPTEFNBOFJSBRVF
possam ser enchidos com facilidade e esvaziados por completo.
r 0TUBORVFTSFDUBOHVMBSFTTÈPNBJTGÃDFJTEFTFSFNDPOTUSVÎEPT FGBDJMJUBNBSFDPMIBEPT
QFJYFT RVBOEPDPNQBSBEPTDPNUBORVFTRVBESBEPTPVDJSDVMBSFT
r 5BORVFNVJUPQFRVFOP BCBJYPEFN BVNFOUBPTDVTUPTEFQSPEVÉÈP
r 0TUBORVFTQPEFNTFSNVJUPNBJPSFT QPEFOEPUFSBUÊIBPVTFKB N (quanto
NBJPSGPSPUBORVFOPTJTUFNBFYUFOTJWP NFMIPSÊBQSPEVÉÈP
r /PDPOUFYUPBDUVBM SFDPNFOEBTFBDPOTUSVÉÈPEFUBORVFTSFDUBOHVMBSFTDPNVNBÃSFB
NÎOJNBEFN&TUFTQPEFNBMDBOÉBSVNBQSPEVÉÈPEFQFJYFEF,HOVNDJDMP
EFNFTFT
A água deve ter 1 m do lado menos fundoQBSBGBDJMJUBSBESFOBHFNEPUBORVFFBDBQUVSBEPQFJYF
FNDSJBÉÈP PUBORVFEFWFTFSMJHFJSBNFOUFNBJTJODMJOBEPOPMBEPPOEFFTUÃTJUVBEPPUVCPEF
ESFOBHFNFBQSPGVOEJEBEFEBQBSUFNBJTGVOEBEFWFBMDBOÉBSNBJTEF B NFUSPT
d) Tipos de tanques de terra
5BORVF DPN 1SPUFDÉÈP m QBSB B TFHVSBOÉB EP QFTTPBM RVF WBJ HFSJS PT UBORVFT SFDPNFOEBTF B
DPMPDBÉÈPEVNBWFEBÉÈPBPSFEPSEPUBORVF
e) Vantagens e Desvantagens dos Tanques de Terra
7BOUBHFOT
r #BJYPDVTUPEFQSPEVÉÈP
r 0DPSSËODJBEBQSPEVÉÈPQSJNÃSJB
r 1PTTJCJMJEBEFEFBQSPWFJUBNFOUPEBÃHVBEPTUBORVFTQFMBBHSJDVMUVSB
r 'BDJMJEBEFEFUSBUBNFOUPEFFóVFOUFT
%FTWBOUBHFOT
r /PTUBORVFTDPNQPQVMBÉ×FTEFBNCPTTFYPT ÊDPNVNBPDPSSËODJBEFSFQSPEVÉÈPNFTNP
BOUFTEFTFBUJOHJSPUBNBOIPDPNFSDJBM
r 3ÃQJEPTVQFSQPWPBNFOUP
r $PNQFUJÉÈPQFMPFTQBÉP PYJHÊOJPFBMJNFOUP
15
TPMP BQSPQSJBEP QBSB B DPOTUSVÉÈP EFTTFT UBORVFT F FTUÃTF FN QSFTFOÉB EF NBTTBT EF ÃHVBT DPN
QSPGVOEJEBEFTTVQFSJPSFTBDJODPNFUSPT QPEFTFDPMPDBSBQPTTJCJMJEBEFEFDSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFFNHBJPMBT
óVUVBOUFT
"THBJPMBTTÈPVOJEBEFTEFDSJBÉÈPGFJUBTEFSFEF HFSBMNFOUFOBTGPSNBTSFDUBOHVMBSPVDJSDVMBS BCFSUB
OPUPQPÊNBOUJEBOBTVQFSGÎDJF BUSBWÊTEPVTPEFóVUVBEPSFTBKVTUBEPT TFHVSBOPGVOEPDPNPBVYÎMJP
EFÄODPSBTQPEFOEPTFSDPOTUSVÎEBDPNNBUFSJBJTTJNQMFTDPNPNBEFJSBPVCBNCV PVNBJTTPñTUJDBEBT
DPNPFTUSVUVSBTNFUÃMJDBTPVQMÃTUJDBT
"DSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFTFNUBORVFTSFEFPVHBJPMBTóVUVBOUFT BDUVBMNFOUFQSBUJDBEB ÊVNBEBTNFMIPSFT
GPSNBTEFBQSPWFJUBSSBDJPOBMNFOUFPTSFDVSTPTIÎESJDPTEJTQPOÎWFJT TFKBSJP MBHPPVSFQSFTB
"JOUFOTBSFOPWBÉÈPEBÃHVBOPJOUFSJPSEBTHBJPMBTQSPQPSDJPOBBMUBQSPEVUJWJEBEFEFQFJYFT
" FTDPMIB EB FTQÊDJF PT DVJEBEPT DPN ÃHVB OÎWFM EF PYJHÊOJP USBOTQBSËODJB F UFNQFSBUVSB F B
BMJNFOUBÉÈPEPTQFJYFTTÈPPTQSJODJQBJTGBDUPSFTQBSBPCPNEFTFNQFOIPEBQSPEVÉÈPOFTUFTJTUFNB
" FTDPMIB EP MPDBM EFWF SFDBJS FN HSBOEFT NBTTBT EF ÃHVB QPSRVF PGFSFDFN NBJPS HBSBOUJB EF
RVBOUJEBEFFRVBMJEBEFEFÃHVBNFOPSóVUVBÉÈPEBUFNQFSBUVSB
"QSPGVOEJEBEFJEFBMEFTTBNBTTBEFÃHVBEFWFSÃPTDJMBSFOUSFPTN QPJTQFSNJUFVNBNFMIPS
EJTQFSTÈP EPT SFTÎEVPT &OUSFUBOUP SFDPNFOEBTF VNB QSPGVOEJEBEF TVQFSJPS B N FOUSF B QBSUF EF
CBJYPEBHBJPMBFPGVOEPEBNBTTBEFÃHVB
C Construção de uma Gaiola Flutuante
0DVMUJWPEFQFJYFTFNUBORVFTSFEFPVHBJPMBTóVUVBOUFTSFRVFSRVFPTNBUFSJBJTVTBEPTOBTNBMIBTF
OBTFTUSVUVSBTEFTVTUFOUBÉÈPFEFóVUVBÉÈPUFOIBNBTTFHVJOUFTDBSBDUFSÎTUJDBTCÃTJDBT
r 1FSNJUJSUSPDBFñDJFOUFEFÃHVBFOUSFBHBJPMBDPNPBNCJFOUF
r 3FTJTUËODJBÆDPSSPTÈP
r 3FTJTUËODJBNFDÄOJDB
r #BJYPDVTUP
r %FWFTFSPNBJTMFWFQPTTÎWFM GBDJMJUBOEPPEFTMPDBNFOUPFNBOVTFBNFOUP
r .BUFSJBMOÈPDPSUBOUFQBSBOÈPDBVTBSGFSJNFOUPTPVTUSFTTBPTQFJYFT
r 1FSNJUBBTBÎEBEPTEFKFDUPTQSPEV[JEPTQFMPTQFJYFT
&YJTUFN WÃSJPT UJQPT EF HBJPMBT F WBSJBN CBTJDBNFOUF RVBOUP Æ GPSNB EB FTUSVUVSB RVBESBEBT
SFDUBOHVMBSFTFSFEPOEBT FRVBOUPÆÃSFBÙUJMQBSBPDVMUJWP
"THBJPMBTTÈPDPNQPTUBTQPSQBSUFTEJTUJOUBT BTBCFS
r "FTUSVUVSBóVUVBOUF
r 0TBDPEFSFEF PVBHBJPMBQSPQSJBNFOUFEJUB
r 0TJTUFNBEFBODPSBHFN
"TFTUSVUVSBTVUJMJ[BEBTQBSBBBSNBÉÈPEFVNBHBJPMBTÈPHFSBMNFOUFDPOTUSVÎEBTVTBOEPUVCPT QFSñTF
CBSSBTNFUÃMJDBT POEFTÈPQSFTPTPTóVUVBEPSFTFBTNBMIBT
0T NBUFSJBJT NBJT VTBEPT QBSB B DPOGFDÉÈP EBT NBMIBT QPEFN TFS óFYÎWFJT SFEFT EF NVMUJñMBNFOUP
SFWFTUJEBT PV OÈP EF 17$ DPN NBMIBT EJWFSTBT DPN PV TFN OÓT PV PVUSPT NBUFSJBJT SFTJTUFOUFT Æ
16
DPSSPTÈP SFEFTEFOZMPO PVSÎHJEPT QMÃTUJDP BÉPHBMWBOJ[BEPSFWFTUJEPEF17$EFBMUBBEFSËODJB BÉP
JOPYJEÃWFM FUD JNQPSUBOUFTBMJFOUBSRVFPBNCJFOUFPOEFBHBJPMBWBJTFSQPTJDJPOBEBWBJEFUFSNJOBS
PUJQPEFNBUFSJBMBTFSVUJMJ[BEPOBDPOGFDÉÈPEBSFEFFPUBNBOIPEBNFTNB
&TUF TJTUFNB EF DVMUJWP HFSBMNFOUF BUSBJ PVUSBT FTQÊDJFT FN CVTDB EF BMJNFOUP FTQFDJBMNFOUF BT
DBSOÎWPSBT RVF QPEFN DBVTBS SPNQJNFOUP EB SFEF %FQFOEFOEP EP UBNBOIP QPEFN DBVTBS MFT×FT
TFWFSBTOPTQFJYFTFNDVMUJWP PVFOUSBSOBTHBJPMBTOBTVBGPSNBKPWFN EFJYBOEPPTQFJYFTFNDVMUJWP
DPNFMFWBEPHSBVEFTUSFTT
0ñPEBSFEFSFDPNFOEÃWFMÊEFPVNN OPDBTPEPTUBORVFTSFEFCFSÉÃSJPT PVBMFWJOBHFN FEF
BNN FNUBORVFTSFEFQBSBUJMÃQJBTFNGBTFEFFOHPSEB
1BSBFWJUBSRVFBHBJPMBTFNPWBQPSFGFJUPEFPOEBT WFOUPTPVDPSSFOUFTEBTÃHVBT QPEFSÃTFSNPOUBEP
VNTJTUFNBEFBODPSBHFNDPNPVTPEFDPSEBEFQPMJFUJMFOP PVDPSSFOUFNFUÃMJDBBRVBMTFQSFOEFVNB
ÄODPSB RVFQPEFTFSTVCTUJUVÎEBQPSQFESBTFOWPMWJEBTFNSFEFEFUVCBSÈP PVCMPDPTEFDJNFOUPDPN
uma malha de ferro por dentro, entre outros.
c) Vantagens e Desvantagens das Gaiolas Flutuantes
7BOUBHFOT
r -JWSFDJSDVMBÉÈPEBÃHVB
r .FOPSWBSJBÉÈPEPTQBSÄNFUSPTGÎTJDPRVÎNJDPTEBÃHVBEVSBOUFBDSJBÉÈP
r /FDFTTJEBEFEFSFEV[JEBNÈPEFPCSB
r 'BDJMJEBEFEFPCTFSWBÉÈPEPTBOJNBJTFNDSJBÉÈP
r 'BDJMJEBEFEFVNBJOUFSWFOÉÈPJNFEJBUB
r 'BDJMJEBEFEFQFTDBEPQFJYF
r $POUSPMPEFSFQSPEVÉÈP GBDJMJUBEP
r .FMIPSRVBMJEBEFQBSBPNFSDBEP
r /ÈP PDPSSËODJB EF SFQSPEVÉÈP QFSNJUJOEP RVF PT QFJYFT BMDBODFN SBQJEBNFOUF P UBNBOIP
comercial.
%FTWBOUBHFOT
r /FDFTTJEBEFEFóVYPDPOTUBOUFEFÃHVBBUSBWÊTEBTSFEFT
r /FDFTTJEBEFEFGPSOFDJNFOUPEFBMJNFOUBÉÈPBSUJñDJBMQBSBSFGPSÉBSPBMJNFOUPOBUVSBM
r 1PSDBVTBEBBMUBEFOTJEBEFPTQFJYFTFTUÈPNBJTTVTDFQUÎWFJTÆTEPFOÉBTFJOGFDÉ×FT
r 1PTTJCJMJEBEFEFJOUSPEVÉÈPEFEPFOÉBTFPVQFJYFTOPBNCJFOUF QSFKVEJDBOEPBQPQVMBÉÈP
OBUVSBM
r 3JTDPEFSPNQJNFOUPEBSFEFEBHBJPMBFGVHBEPQFJYF
r 4VKFJÉÈPEPQFJYFBPWBOEBMJTNP
r "MHVNNBUFSJBMQBSBBDPOTUSVÉÈPQPEFTFSEJTQFOEJPTP
r .BJPSFYQPTJÉÈPBPTQSFEBEPSFT
.VJUPTGBDUPSFTJOóVFODJBNBDBQBDJEBEFEFTVTUFOUBÉÈP EFTFNQFOIPFTPCSFWJWËODJBEPTQFJYFTFN
17
HBJPMBT TFOEPGVOEBNFOUBJTQBSBPTVDFTTPEPDVMUJWPEFQFJYFT OPTJTUFNBJOUFOTJWP
r "RVBMJEBEFEBÃHVB UFNQFSBUVSB UFPSEFPYJHÊOJPEJTTPMWJEP Q)FDPODFOUSBÉÈPEFBNÓOJB
r "QSPGVOEJEBEF OPNÎOJNP EFWFTFSTVQFSJPSBNFOUSFPGVOEPEBHBJPMBFPQJTP
r "WFMPDJEBEFEBDPSSFOUFEFÃHVB DPSSFOUFTEFBDNT
r "TEJNFOT×FTEBHBJPMB
r 0GPSNBUPEBHBJPMB EFQSFGFSËODJBRVBESBEBTFSFDUBOHVMBSFT QPJTBTDJSDVMBSFTQFSNJUFNVN
NFOPSóVYPJOUFSOPEFÃHVB
r "BMJNFOUBÉÈP
r "EFOTJEBEFEFQPWPBNFOUP
"T FMFWBEBT UBYBT EF QPWPBNFOUP EFTUF TJTUFNB TÈP EFQFOEFOUFT EF SBÉÈP EF BMUP WBMPS OVUSJDJPOBM
QPJTPTQFJYFTFTUÈPFNBNCJFOUFGFDIBEP PRVFOÈPQFSNJUFPBDFTTPBPBMJNFOUPOBUVSBM"TSBÉ×FT
EFWFSÈPQFSNJUJSVNBDPOWFSTÈPBMJNFOUBSBEFRVBEB QPJTPTDVTUPTDPNBBMJNFOUBÉÈPQPEFNDIFHBSB
EPTDVTUPTUPUBJTEFQSPEVÉÈP&TTFFMFWBEPDVTUP ÊPDBTJPOBEPQFMPTTFHVJOUFTGBDUPSFT
r ©RVBMJEBEFTVQFSJPSEBTSBÉ×FT NBJPSTVQPSUFEFOVUSJFOUFT QSJODJQBMNFOUFQSPUFÎOBBMUB
EJHFTUJCJMJEBEF FOUSFPVUSPT
r .BJPSRVBOUJEBEFEFSBÉÈPBTFSPGFSFDJEBQBSBTBUJTGB[FSBTOFDFTTJEBEFTOVUSJDJPOBJTEPTQFJYFT
r "FTQFDJñDJEBEFEBSBÉÈPQBSBBFTQÊDJFBTFSDSJBEBF
r "FTQFDJñDJEBEFEBSBÉÈPQBSBDBEBGBTFEFDSJBÉÈP BMFWJOPT KVWFOJT FOHPSEB
0VUSPGBDUPSJNQPSUBOUFÊPDPOIFDJNFOUPEBTDBSBDUFSÎTUJDBTñTJPMÓHJDBTFEPTIÃCJUPTBMJNFOUBSFTEPT
QFJYFT QPJTEFTTBNBOFJSBÊQPTTÎWFMTFMFDDJPOBSBTFTQÊDJFTDPNQPUFODJBMQBSBDBEBUJQPEFTJTUFNBEF
QSPEVÉÈP1BSBPDVMUJWPFNHBJPMBT TÈPDBSBDUFSÎTUJDBTGVOEBNFOUBJT
r 5BYBEFDSFTDJNFOUPFMFWBEBFCPNSFOEJNFOUPEFDBSDBÉB
r 7BSJFEBEFTEPNFTUJDBEBT
r 5PMFSÄODJBBPNBOVTFBNFOUPFSFTJTUËODJBBEPFOÉBT
r "EBQUBCJMJEBEFBPTJTUFNBEFDSJBÉÈP
r "DFJUBÉÈPOPNFSDBEP
18
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d®2(0$*8$&8/785$
CAIAGEM, FERTILIZAÇÃO DA ÁGUA NOS TANQUES E
POVOAMENTO
Módulo 3
$BJBHFN 'FSUJMJ[BÉÈPEB¦HVBOPT5BORVFTF1PWPBNFOUP
1-"/05&.¦5*$0 NJO
*m*OUSPEVÉÈP
**m$BJBHFNEPTUBORVFT
***m'FSUJMJ[BOUFTPSHÄOJDPT JOPSHÄOJDPTFNJTUPTVTBEPTFNBRVBDVMUVSB
*7m0QPWPBNFOUPEPTUBORVFTFHBJPMBTóVUVBOUFT
19
20
I – INTRODUÇÃO
"TTJN DPNP OB BHSJDVMUVSB B ÃHVB EB QJTDJDVMUVSB EFWF QPTTVJS WBMPSFT ÓQUJNPT EF TFVT QBSÄNFUSPT
RVÎNJDPTFCJPMÓHJDPTQBSBPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPTPSHBOJTNPTBRVÃUJDPT ñUPQMÄODUPOF[PPQMÄODUPO
nela presentes.
"T QMBOUBT UËN JNQPSUBOUF GVOÉÈP EF BCTPSÉÈP EF HÃT DBSCÓOJDP EJTTPMWJEP OB ÃHVB P RVBM Ê UÓYJDP
BPTQFJYFT OBBMJNFOUBÉÈPEPTQFJYFTFOBQSPUFDÉÈPEBTMBSWBTFBMFWJOPT&TUBTQSPNPWFNUBNCÊNP
TPNCSFBNFOUP EJNJOVJÉÈPEBFWBQPSBÉÈPFTVTUFOUBÉÈPBPTPWPTEFBMHVNBTFTQÊDJFTEFQFJYFT
21
QFJYF
3.2. Fertilização do tanque, antes do povoamento
6NBTFNBOBEFQPJTEBDBJBHFN PUBORVFFTUÃQSPOUPQBSBSFDFCFSBÃHVB4FHVFTFEFQPJTBGFSUJMJ[BÉÈP
EPUBORVF QBSBRVFTFEËJOÎDJPÆGPSNBÉÈPOBUVSBMEPQMÄODUPO
1BSB GFSUJMJ[BS P UBORVF QPEFTF VTBS FTUSVNF seco/curtido EF BOJNBJT DPNP HBMJOIBT QBUPT CPJT
DBCSJUPT PVBEVCPPVGFSUJMJ[BOUFDPNQPTUP
0FTUFSDPEFHBMJOIBTFQBUPTTÈPNFMIPSFTQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSB TFHVJEPEPEFTVÎOPTFQPSÙMUJNPEF
CPWJOPT
2VJO[FEJBTEFQPJTEFGFSUJMJ[BSPUBORVF KÃTFDPNFÉBBUFSBMJNFOUPOBUVSBMQBSBPQFJYF%FQPJTEF
BQSPYJNBEBNFOUFVNNËT BÃHVBñDBSÃCFNWFSEF
¦HVBWFSEF TJHOJñDBRVFIÃNBJTBMJNFOUPOBUVSBMOPUBORVFFPTQFJYFTDSFTDFSÈPNBJTSBQJEBNFOUF
Atenção P BEVCP PV GFSUJMJ[BOUF PSHÄOJDP EFWF TFS BQMJDBEP DPN DSJUÊSJP QBSB FWJUBS
DPOUBNJOBÉÈPFQPMVJÉÈPEBÃHVBFDPNQSPNFUJNFOUPEPQSPEVUPñOBM
/FN TFNQSF VN QSPEVUPS UFN HSBOEF EJTQPOJCJMJEBEF EF FTUSVNF /FTTFT DBTPT QPEFTF VTBS PT
fertilizantes químicosRVFUBNCÊNBKVEBNOBQSPEVÉÈPEPQMÄODUPO0UJQPFRVBOUJEBEFTBTFSFN
BQMJDBEPT JTPMBEBNFOUF WËNJOEJDBEPTOBUBCFMBNBJTBCBJYP
5BCFMB'FSUJMJ[BÉÈPPSHÄOJDBFJOPSHÄOJDB"/5&4EPQPWPBNFOUP POEFTFBQMJDBBQFOBTVNEFMFTFN
DBEBQSPDFTTPEFBEVCBÉÈP
Adubo orgânico kg/ha Referência
"WFT
4VÎOPT
7JEBM+ÙOJPS
#PWJOPT
6TBOEPBQFOBTFTUSVNFEFTVÎOPT FTTFEFWFTFSNJTUVSBEPDPNBTTFHVJOUFTRVBOUJEBEFTEFGFSUJMJ[BOUFT
químicos.
5BCFMB'FSUJMJ[BÉÈPNJTUB"/5&4EPQPWPBNFOUP POEFTFBQMJDBBDPNCJOBÉÈPEPTUSËTDPNQPTUPTFN
simultâneo.
Fonte kg/ha Referência
&TUSVNFEFTVÎOP LH 7JEBM+ÙOJPS
4VQFSGPTGBUPUSJQMP LH
4VMGBUPEFBNÓOJP LH
22
EFTQFSEÎDJPTEBNBDIBNCBEFWFNTFSDPMPDBEPTOVNCVSBDPQSFWJBNFOUFBCFSUPQBSBPFGFJUP
%FQPJTEPCVSBDPFTUBSDIFJP UBQBTFDPNUFSSBFEFJYBTFEFDPSSFSPQSPDFTTPEFEFDPNQPTJÉÈP%FQPJT
EFBMHVOTNFTFT FTTBTQMBOUBTFPVUSPTEFTQFSEÎDJPTFOUFSSBEPTGPSNBNVNBNBTTBFTDVSB PBEVCP
DPNQPTUP RVFEFWFSÃTFSEJTUSJCVÎEBOPGVOEPEPUBORVF BOUFTEFFODIËMPDPNÃHVB"WBOUBHFN
EFTUBBEVCBÉÈPÊEFTFUSBUBSEFVNNÊUPEPQSÃUJDPFCBSBUP
3.3. Fertilização do tanque, depois do povoamento
1BSBHBSBOUJSBNBOVUFOÉÈPEBDPMPSBÉÈPWFSEFOPUBORVF EFWFTFBEJDJPOBSPBEVCPPSHÄOJDP QFMP
NFOPTVNBWF[QPSTFNBOB*NQPSUBSFGFSJSRVFNFTNPVNUBORVFUFOEPBBOPTEFVTP FMFOÈPUFN
DPOEJÉ×FTEFQSPEV[JSPQMÄODUPOOBUVSBMNFOUFTFNBiBKVEBuEBGFSUJMJ[BÉÈP
a) Adubação ou fertilização orgânica (COLOCAR UM DELES)
5BCFMB "EVCBÉÈP PSHÄOJDB QBSB NBOVUFOÉÈP POEF Ê BQMJDBEP BQFOBT VN UJQP EF BEVCP FN DBEB
QSPDFTTPEFBEVCBÉÈP
Adubo orgânico kg/há/semana
"WFT
4VÎOPT
#PWJOPT
Vantagens da adubação orgânica
"QJTDJDVMUVSBEFTFNQFOIBVNQBQFMJNQPSUBOUFOPNFJPBNCJFOUFBPVUJMJ[BSPFTUSVNFEPTBOJNBJT
para fertilizar os tanques.
4FGPSFNPCFEFDJEBTBTPSJFOUBÉ×FTUÊDOJDBTRVBOUPÆTRVBOUJEBEFTEFFTUSVNFBTFSFNDPMPDBEBTOPT
UBORVFT BTCBDUÊSJBTFYJTUFOUFTOBÃHVBJSÈPEFHSBEBSPFTUSVNFFFMFTUSBOTGPSNBSTFÈPFNOVUSJFOUFT
OFDFTTÃSJPTQBSBPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPñUPQMÄODUPO
"TTJN FNWF[EPTFYDSFNFOUPTEPTBOJNBJTJSFNEJSFDUBNFOUFQBSBPTDVSTPTEFÃHVB QSJNFJSPFMFT
QBTTBNQFMPTUBORVFTEFQJTDJDVMUVSB POEFTFSÈPEFHSBEBEPT QBSBTÓEFQPJTQBTTBSFNQBSBPTDVSTPT
EFÃHVB%FTUBGPSNBBÃHVBTBJNVJUPNBJTMJNQB QSFKVEJDBOEPNFOPTPNFJPBNCJFOUF
C Adubação Química (COLOCAR UM DELES)
5BCFMB "EVCBÉÈP RVÎNJDB QBSB NBOVUFOÉÈP POEF Ê BQMJDBEP BQFOBT VN UJQP EF BEVCP FN DBEB
QSPDFTTPEFBEVCBÉÈP
Adubo inorgânico kg/ha Adição de ureia (g)
4VQFSGPTGBUP5SJQMP 10 B
4VQFSGPTGBUP4JNQMFT 10 B
/1, B
c) Adubação mista
1BSB B BEVCBÉÈP NJTUB EFWFTF VTBS NFUBEF EF GFSUJMJ[BÉÈP PSHÄOJDB NBJT B NFUBEF EPT GFSUJMJ[BOUFT
RVÎNJDPT JOEJDBEPTOBTUBCFMBTBDJNB FOVODBOBTEPTBHFOTUPUBJTEFDBEBVNB
Observação:TFPQSPEVUPSUJWFSEJWFSTPTUJQPTEFFTUSVNF EFWFSÃTFNQSFRVFQPTTÎWFMNJTUVSÃMPTFN
EPTFTQSPQPSDJPOBJT QBSBBQMJDBÉÈPOPUBORVF*TUPQFSNJUFVNNFMIPSBQSPWFJUBNFOUPEPTNFTNPTOB
23
QSPEVÉÈPEBQSPEVUJWJEBEFOBUVSBMEPUBORVF
"GSFRVËODJBEFBQMJDBÉÈPEFQFOEFEBUSBOTQBSËODJBEBÃHVB4FNQSFRVFDPMPDBSBNÈPEFOUSPEBÃHVB
EPUBORVFFDPOTFHVJSWFSPTEFEPT EFWFSFQFUJSBGFSUJMJ[BÉÈP
3.4 Métodos de aplicação do adubo
&YJTUFNWÃSJBTNBOFJSBTEFBEVCBSVNUBORVFEFQJTDJDVMUVSB"GPSNBEFDPMPDBSPFTUSVNFOPUBORVF
pode ser DIRECTA ou INDIRECTA.
a) Forma indirecta ou horizontaMmÊRVBOEPBGPOUFEFBEVCPT BWJÃSJPT FTUÃCVMPT DVSSBJT FTUÃ
BGBTUBEBEPUBORVFFPFTUSVNFUFNEFTFSMFWBEPBUÊPUBORVF
Exemplos:
r 0FTUSVNFEPTDVSSBJTQPEFTFSDBOBMJ[BEPQBSBPTUBORVFTEVSBOUFBMBWBHFN
r 1BSBUBORVFTQFRVFOPT BN FOÈPNVJUPBGBTUBEPTEPDVSSBM QPEFTFVTBSVN
SFHBEPS DPNGVSPTNBJPSFT QBSBFTQBMIBSPFTUSVNFEJMVÎEP
0FTUSVNFEJMVÎEPFNÃHVBÊVNBEBTNFMIPSFTNBOFJSBTEFBEVCBSFQPEFTFSEJTUSJCVÎEPQPSNFJPEF
aspersores (para tanques maiores).
r 0FTUSVNFEFBWJÃSJPTEFWJEBNFOUFTFQBSBEPEBTFSSBEVSBQPEFTFS
m-BOÉBEPQPSUPEPPUBORVFOBBEVCBÉÈPBOUFTEPQPWPBNFOUPPV
m/PTDPNFEPSFTQBSBTFHVJNFOUPEBGFSUJMJ[BÉÈP PV
– Em sacos especiais dentro do tanque.
" GPSNB JOEJSFDUB PV IPSJ[POUBM EF BEVCBÉÈP UFN B WBOUBHFN EF QFSNJUJS B BEJÉÈP PV TVTQFOTÈP EB
NFTNBTFNQSFRVFOFDFTTÃSJPNBT UFNBEFTWBOUBHFNEFOFDFTTJUBSEFVNTJTUFNBEFUVCBHFNQBSB
DBOBMJ[BSPFTUSVNFEJMVÎEPBUÊBPUBORVF
C Forma directa ou verticalmRVBOEPPFTUSVNFEPTBOJNBJTÊMBOÉBEPEJSFDUBNFOUFOB
ÃHVBEPWJWFJSP
Exemplos:
r $POTUSVÉÈPEFDBQPFJSBTUPUBMPVQBSDJBMNFOUFQPSDJNBEPUBORVF
r "DFTTPEFQPSDPTFQBUPTÆÃHVBEPTUBORVFT
" GPSNB EJSFDUB PV WFSUJDBM EF BEVCBÉÈP UFN B WBOUBHFN EF SFEV[JS B NÈPEFPCSB NBT UFN B
EFTWBOUBHFN EB OFDFTTJEBEF EF DPOTUSVÉÈP EF VNB DBQPFJSB QBUFJSB PV VN DVSSBM F EF PDPSSFS VN
FYDFTTPEFGFSUJMJ[BÉÈP
0TDPNFEPVSPTEPTQBUPTEFWFNTFSFTQBMIBEPTOPJOUFSJPSEPUBORVFFOÈPFNUFSSB WJTUPRVFBSBÉÈP
RVFDBJSOBÃHVBQPEFTFSBQSPWFJUBEBQFMPTQFJYFTFQPEFDPOUSJCVJSQBSBBGFSUJMJ[BÉÈPEBÃHVB
IV – POVOAMENTO
O número adequado de alevinos para se povoar um viveiro depende de diversos factores. Os mais
JNQPSUBOUFTTÈP
r "RVBMJEBEFEPTPMPFEBÃHVB
24
r %JTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFBEVCPPSHÄOJDPFJOPSHÄOJDP
r %JTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFTVCQSPEVUPTBHSÎDPMBT
r 3FDVSTPQBSBBRVJTJÉÈPEFSBÉÈP
r 5JQPEFDVMUJWPBEPQUBEPDPOTJEFSBOEPBQSPEVÉÈPGJOBMRVFEFTFKBPQJTDJDVMUPSPCUFS
DPNTFVTQFJYFT
4.2. Povoamento
"TPMUVSBEPTBMFWJOPTOPTUBORVFTEFFOHPSEB EFWFTFSGFJUBRVBOEPBUFNQFSBUVSBEBÃHVBEPTTBDPT
USBOTQPSUBEPSFT GPS JHVBM Æ EP UBORVF 1BSB UBM BOUFT EB TPMUVSB SFDPNFOEBTF RVF TF EFJYFN óVUVBS
PTTBDPTUSBOTQPSUBEPSFTOBÃHVBEPUBORVFQPSDFSDBEFBNJOVUPTBUÊRVFBTUFNQFSBUVSBTTF
JHVBMFN %FQPJT HSBEVBMNFOUF MJCFSUBNTF BT BMFWJOPT QBSB P UBORVF DVJEBOEP QBSB RVF OÈP TFKBN
causados danos físicos aos animais.
4FPPCKFDUJWPEPDVMUJWPGPSBQSPEVÉÈPEFBMFWJOPT
m $PMPDBNTFBNCPTPTTFYPTOPUBORVF QPSDBEBN).
m 6NUBORVFDPNNEFTVQFSGÎDJFQPEFSFDFCFSQFJYFT
1PSPVUSPMBEP TFPPCKFDUJWPEPDVMUJWPGPSBFOHPSEB
m 0JEFBMÊBERVJSJSUJMÃQJBTNBDIPSFWFSUJEBT N) (as fêmeas crescem menos e, quando
DPNFÉBNBTFSFQSPEV[JS DBVTBVNBTVQFSQPQVMBÉÈPOPTUBORVFT PRVFBVNFOUBBDPN
QFUJÉÈPBMJNFOUBS QSFKVEJDBOEPPDSFTDJNFOUPEPTQFJYFT
/BVUJMJ[BÉÈPEFHBJPMBTóVUVBOUFTQBSBDSJBÉÈPEFNBDIPTEFUJMÃQJBTÈPDPMPDBEPTBBMFWJOPTN
FNHBJPMBTEFWPMVNFNBJPSRVFN.
1BSBHBJPMBTQFRVFOBT NBJTFñDJFOUFTQPSVOJEBEFEFWPMVNFEFWJEPBNBJPSGBDJMJEBEFQBSBBUSPDBEF
ÃHVB BUBYBEFQPWPBNFOUPQPEFDIFHBSBUÊBMFWJOPTN.
"QSPEVUJWJEBEFWBSJBEFBLHEFUJMÃQJBTN.
25
26
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d®2(0$*8$&8/785$
SISTEMAS DE CRIAÇÃO
Módulo 4
4JTUFNBTEF$SJBÉÈP
1-"/05&.¦5*$0 NJO
I – INTRODUÇÃO
II – SISTEMAS DE CRIAÇÃO
m1JTDJDVMUVSBFYUFOTJWB
m1JTDJDVMUVSBTFNJJOUFOTJWB
– Piscicultura intensiva
m1JTDJDVMUVSBTVQFSJOUFOTJWB
III – TÉCNICAS DE CRIAÇÃO
– Monocultura
– Policultura
m1JTDJDVMUVSB*OUFHSBEB
r3J[JQJTDJDVMUVSB
28
I – INTRODUÇÃO
0TTJTUFNBTEFDSJBÉÈPTÈPPTEJGFSFOUFTUJQPTEFDPOTUSVÉÈPFUPEBBEJOÄNJDBBNCJFOUBMEPTDBUJWFJSPT
RVFBMCFSHBNPTBNJNBJTBTFSFNDSJBEPT
*NQPSUBSFGFSJSRVFPQFJYF BPDPOUSÃSJPEPTPVUSPTBOJNBJTUFSSFTUSFT QPEFTFSDSJBEPEFWÃSJBTNBOFJSBT
EJGFSFOUFT EFQFOEFOEPEBTDPOEJÉ×FTEBQSPQSJFEBEF UJQPEFBMJNFOUP FTQÊDJFDPOTJEFSBEBFBDFJUBÉÈP
de mercado.
"FTDPMIBEVNTJTUFNBEFDSJBÉÈP EFQFOEFEFGBDUPSFTUBJTDPNP
r $POEJÉ×FTñOBODFJSBTEPQSPEVUPS
r 1SPEVUJWJEBEFFTQFSBEB
r 5PQPHSBñBEPUFSSFOP TFPUFSSFOPTFMFDDJPOBEPÊQMBOPPVBDJEFOUBEP
r %JTQPOJCJMJEBEFEBÃHVB
r 5FDOPMPHJBEJTQPOÎWFMPVBTFSVUJMJ[BEB
0TTJTUFNBTEFDSJBÉÈP DMBTTJñDBNTFFNFYUFOTJWPTFNJJOUFOTJWPJOUFOTJWPFTVQFSJOUFOTJWP
II – SISTEMAS DE CRIAÇÃO
29
&YJHFNBJTEFEFEJDBÉÈPQPSQBSUFEPDSJBEPS
0TDVTUPTEFQSPEVÉÈPTÈPNBJTFMFWBEPTEPRVFOVNTJTUFNBFYUFOTJWP
4JTUFNBSBDJPOBMFFDPOÓNJDPEFQSPEVÉÈPQPSJOUFHSBSTFQFSGFJUBNFOUFDPNBBHSJDVMUVSB
FYBSSP[ FQFDVÃSJB FYTVÎOPT BWFT FSFDPNFOEBEPQBSBDSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFTUSPQJDBJT
6OJEBEFEFQSPEVÉÈPEFWFTFSDPOTUSVÎEB
0T UBORVFT BQSFTFOUBN VNB NBJPS EFOTJEBEF EF QFJYFT FN NÊEJB EF B QFJYFT N)
QPJT RVBOUJEBEFTNBJPSFTQPEFNDBVTBSQSPCMFNBTOBQSPEVÉÈPFTBÙEFEPTQFJYFT
0TMVDSPTTÈPNBJPSFTRVFBQJTDJDVMUVSBFYUFOTJWBFBQSPEVUJWJEBEFRVFQPEFDIFHBSBUPOIB
BOP
/PSNBMNFOUFTÈPGFJUBTWÃSJBTDBQUVSBTQBSDJBJTBPMPOHPEPBOPNBT BQPTTJCJMJEBEFEF
FTWB[JBNFOUPUPUBMQFSNJUFFGFDUVBSDBQUVSBTUPUBJT
0TUBORVFTEFWFNTFSTFDBEPTFFYQPTUPTBPTPMQPSBMHVOTEJBTQBSBOPGJNEFDBEBDJDMPEF
QSPEVÉÈP/PDBTPEPTUBORVFTEFUFSSB FTUFQSPDFTTPEFWFTFSQFSJÓEJDP TFHVJEPEBDBJBHFN
SFDPNFOEBEBBGFSUJMJ[BÉÈPPSHÄOJDBPVRVÎNJDBEPTUBORVFT
)ÃOFDFTTJEBEFEFTFTVQMFNFOUBSBBMJNFOUBÉÈPEPTQFJYFT(FSBMNFOUFFTUBTVQMFNFOUBÉÈPÊ
GFJUBDPNEFTQFSEÎDJPTPVFYDFEFOUFTBHSPQFDVÃSJPTQBSBRVFPTDVTUPTEFQSPEVÉÈPOÈPTFKB
FMFWBEP
"EFTWBOUBHFNEBQJTDJDVMUVSBTFNJJOUFOTJWBÊPQPVDPDPOUSPMPEBSFQSPEVÉÈPEPTBOJNBJT
30
2.4 Piscicultura Super Intensiva
&TUFUJQPEFQJTDJDVMUVSBDBSBDUFSJ[BTFQFMPTTFHVJOUFTBTQFDUPT
BDSJBÉÈPNBJTEJTQFOEJPTBQPSRVFPQJTDJDVMUPSUFNEFGB[FSVNJOWFTUJNFOUPFMFWBEPQBSBJOJDJBS
a piscicultura.
QSBUJDBEPFNMPDBJTPOEFBÃHVBÊSFOPWBEBDPOTUBOUFNFOUFPVTFKB BÃHVBFOUSBFTBJJNFEJBUBNFOUF
do tanque.
" ÃHVB EF DSJBÉÈP OFTUF TJTUFNB UFN EF TFS EF FYDFMFOUF RVBMJEBEF MJWSF EF RVBMRVFS UJQP EF
SFTÎEVP NFUBCÓMJUPT QSJODJQBMNFOUFPBNPOÎBDP PVSFTUPTEFBMJNFOUPT FDPNFMFWBEPUFPS
EFPYJHÊOJP
/BNBJPSQBSUFEBTVOJEBEFTEFQSPEVÉÈPTÈPUBORVFTEFDJNFOUP EFQMÃTUJDPPVHBJPMBTóVUVBOUFT
UBNCÊNDPOIFDJEPTQPSUBORVFTSFEF
"EFOTJEBEFEFQPWPBNFOUPÊNVJUPFMFWBEB mQFJYFTFNDBEBNFUSPDÙCJDPEFHBJPMB
ou de tanque).
"ENJOJTUSBÉÈPEFSBÉ×FTTVQMFNFOUBSFTÊPCSJHBUÓSJB
"SBÉÈPJOEVTUSJBMJ[BEBÊPBMJNFOUPNBJTBEFRVBEPQBSBBFOHPSEBQPSTFSFNBMUBNFOUFCBMBODFBEPT
QSPUFÎOBT HPSEVSBT NJOFSBJT WJUBNJOBT F PVUSPT OVUSJFOUFT FN RVBOUJEBEF F RVBMJEBEF RVF
TBUJTGBÉBNBTOFDFTTJEBEFTOVUSJDJPOBJTEPTBOJNBJT HBSBOUJOEPPDSFTDJNFOUPNÃYJNPEPTQFJYFT
/BQJTDJDVMUVSBFYUFOTJWBPVTFNJJOUFOTJWBPTQFJYFTQPEFNBUÊEFJYBSEFSFDFCFSSBÉÈPFNBMHVNEJB
EBTFNBOBNBTFTTBQSÃUJDBOÈPÊSFDPNFOEÃWFMQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSBJOUFOTJWBOFNOBTVQFSJOUFOTJWB
&NUPEPTPTUJQPTEFQJTDJDVMUVSB UPEPPFTGPSÉPÊGFJUPQBSBJNQFEJSBJOWBTÈPEFPSHBOJTNPTJOEFTFKÃWFJT
FYQFJYFTTFMWBHFOTRVFHFSBMNFOUFTÈPDBSOÎWPSPTFQPEFNQSFEBSPTQFJYFTEFDVMUJWP QBSBBMÊNEF
DPNQFUJSFNDPNPTQFJYFTEFDSJBÉÈPQPSBMJNFOUPTOBUVSBJTFDPOTVNJSFNWBMJPTPTBMJNFOUPTBSUJñDJBJT
DPMPDBOEPFNSJTDPBQPQVMBÉÈPEPTQFJYFTEFDSJBÉÈP
3.1 Monocultura
PUJQPEFDSJBÉÈPRVFÊFOWPMWFBQFOBTVNBFTQÊDJFFOPSNBMNFOUFVUJMJ[BEBFNÃHVBTDPSSFOUFT
POEFFYJTUFMJNJUBÉÈPEFBMJNFOUPOBUVSBM/BNPOPDVMUVSBBBUFOÉÈPSFDBJTPCSFBCJPMPHJBEBFTQÊDJF
FBTUÊDOJDBTEFHFTUÈP JTUPÊ RVBOUPNBJPSGPSBEFOTJEBEF BOJNBJTÃSFB NBJPSEFWFTFSBBUFOÉÈP
EBEBFÊNBJTSFDPNFOEBEBQBSBPTJTUFNBJOUFOTJWP
"NBJPSEFTWBOUBHFNEFTUBQSÃUJDBÊBTVCVUJMJ[BÉÈPEPTBMJNFOUPTOBUVSBJTOÈPDPOTVNJEPTQFMBFTQÊDJF
FTDPMIJEB QPSOÈPGB[FSQBSUFEPTFVIÃCJUPBMJNFOUBS$POTFRVFOUFNFOUF BQPMVJÉÈPPSHÄOJDBÊVN
EPTQSPCMFNBTEFTUFTJTUFNB
3.2 Policultura
$POTJTUFOBDSJBÉÈPEFEJGFSFOUFTFTQÊDJFTEFIÃCJUPTBMJNFOUBSFTEJTUJOUPTPOEFÊGFJUPPBQSPWFJUBNFOUP
EPTEJGFSFOUFTOÎWFJTEFUSÓñDPTEFOUSPEPTUBORVFT BñNEFHBSBOUJSPBVNFOUPEBQSPEVUJWJEBEF
/FTUFUJQPEFTJTUFNBEFWFTFFTUBCFMFDFSOBEFOTJEBEFEPTUBORVFTBQSPQPSÉÈPSFMBUJWBEBTFTQÊDJFT
31
"QSPQPSÉÈPÊEFñOJEBUFOEPFNDPOUBFTQÊDJFQSJODJQBMPVTFDVOEÃSJBBTFSFNDSJBEBTCVTDBOEPVNB
NBJPS QSPEVUJWJEBEF 1PEFN TFS DSJBEBT KVOUBT QPS FYFNQMP B DBSQB DPNVN F B UJMÃQJB FOUSF PVUSBT
DPNCJOBÉ×FT
" QSPQPSÉÈP SFDPNFOEBEB Ê EF EF QFJYFT EF TVQFSGÎDJF UJMÃQJB DBSQB DBQJN F P SFTUBOUF FOUSF
QFJYFTEFDPMVOBEFÃHVB DBSQBEFDBCFÉBHSBOEF FEFGVOEP DBSQBDPNVN
3.3.2 A Rizipiscicultura
3J[JQJTDJDVMUVSBÊVNTJTUFNBBVUPTVTUFOUÃWFMEFUFDOPMPHJBMJNQBDBSBDUFSJ[BEPQFMBDSJBÉÈPDPOKVOUBPV
BMUFSOBEBEFBSSP[JSSJHBEPFDSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFT TFNPVTPEFBHSPUÓYJDPT SFEV[JOEPPVTPEFNBRVJOBSJB
DPOTFSWBOEPPNFJPBNCJFOUF QSPQPSDJPOBOEPBVNFOUPEFSFOEBQPSÃSFBFDPOTUJUVJOEPTFOVNBEBT
GPSNBTNBJTSBDJPOBJTEFVUJMJ[BSVNNFJPBRVÃUJDPKÃFYJTUFOUF BQSPWFJUBOEPPQBSBPVUSPTñOT
"JOUFHSBÉÈPEPBSSP[DPNPQFJYFÊVNBBMUFSOBUJWBEFSFEVÉÈPEFDVTUPTEBMBWPVSBBSSP[FJSBQPSRVF
PQFJYFQSFQBSBPTPMPQBSBPQSÓYJNPDSJBÉÈPEPBSSP[JSSJHBEP SFDJDMBBNBUÊSJBPSHÄOJDBFDPOTPNF
TFNFOUFTEFQMBOUBTJOWBTPSBTDPOUJEBTOPTPMP DPNPBSSP[WFSNFMIPFPVUSBTQMBOUBTBRVÃUJDBT0QFJYF
UBNCÊNDPOTPNFMBSWBTEFJOTFDUPT TFNFOUFTEFBSSP[QFSEJEBTOBDBQUVSBFSFTUPTDVMUVSBJTEBMBWPVSB
RVFTÈPGPDPTEFGVOHPT
32
1BSBPCUFSUBJTSFTVMUBEPTTÈPVUJMJ[BEBTFTQÊDJFTEFQFJYFTRVFQPTTVFNIÃCJUPTBMJNFOUBSFTEJGFSFODJBEPT
DPNPQPSFYFNQMPBTDBSQBT GBDJMJUBOEPBFYFDVÉÈPEFTUFUSBCBMIP
É importante mencionar que desde a fase inicial até a captura, os peixes não consomem as
plantas de arroz VNBWF[RVFRVBOEPPTBMFWJOPTTÈPDPMPDBEPT EJBTBQÓTBTFNFOUFJSBEPBSSP[
BTSBÎ[FTEPBSSP[KÃTFFODPOUSBNCFNQSPUFHJEBTQFMPTPMP&TTFTBMFWJOPTQPTTVFN OPSNBMNFOUF BUÊ
6 centímetros de comprimento.
0DVMUJWPEFQFJYFFNSJ[JQJTDJDVMUVSBJOJDJBOBÊQPDBEBGPSNBÉÈPEBOPWBMBWPVSB FNVNNPNFOUPEF
QPVDBEJTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFSFDVSTPT"TTJN TFQPSVNMBEPFTUBQSÃUJDBSFEV[PTDVTUPTEFQSPEVÉÈP QPS
outro, incrementa a renda.
33
34
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d®2(0$*8$&8/785$
QUALIDADE DE ÁGUA E ALIMENTAÇÃO DOS PEIXES
CULTIVADOS
2VBMJEBEFEB¦HVBF"MJNFOUBÉÈPEPT1FJYFT$VMUJWBEPT
Módulo 5
1-"/05&.¦5*$0 NJO
I – INTRODUÇÃO
II – IMPORTÂNCIA DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA NO CULTIVO DE PEIXE
III – OS PRINCIPAIS PARÂMETROS DE QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA
1BSÄNFUSPTGÎTJDPTRVÎNJDPTEBÃHVB
r5FNQFSBUVSB
r5SBOTQBSËODJB
rQ)
r0YJHÊOJPEJTTPMWJEP
r%JÓYJEPEFDBSCPOP
r4BJTEJTTPMWJEPT
r4ÓMJEPTTVTQFOTPT
r/JUSJUP
1BSÄNFUSPT#JPMÓHJDPTEBÃHVB
IV – ALIMENTAÇÃO DOS PEIXES DE ÁGUA DOCE
5JQPTEFBMJNFOUBÉÈPOBBRVBDVMUVSB
r"MJNFOUPOBUVSBM
r"MJNFOUPBSUJñDJBMPVTVQMFNFOUBS
– Suplementos nutricionais
5JQPTEFSBÉÈP
r'BSJOBEB
r(SBOVMBEB
35
36
I. INTRODUÇÃO
i*OEFQFOEFOUFNFOUFEBTDPOEJÉ×FTUPQPHSÃñDBT UBNBOIPEPUFSSFOP UJQPEFTPMP PRVFWBJEFñOJSP
NPEFMPEFQJTDJDVMUVSBFPNFMIPSTJTUFNBEFDSJBÉÈPBTFSJNQMBOUBEPÊBRVBOUJEBEFFBRVBMJEBEFEB
ÃHVBu )VFU
1BSBPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPTBOJNBJTDSJBEPTFNDBUJWFJSP FDPOTFRVFOUFNFOUFPCUFSTFVNBQSPEVÉÈP
FDPOPNJDBNFOUFWJÃWFM ÊOFDFTTÃSJPUFSVNDFSUPDPOUSPMPEBRVBMJEBEFEBÃHVB&NQJTDJDVMUVSBFTTB
RVBMJEBEFEFÃHVBTÊ OPSNBMNFOUF PTGBDUPSFTGÎTJDPT RVÎNJDPTFCJPMÓHJDPT
" UFNQFSBUVSB P PYJHÊOJP B TBMJOJEBEF F P Q) BDJEF[ TÈP EFUFSNJOBOUFT OP EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP F
TPCSFWJWËODJBEPTQFJYFT
.BT P TVDFTTP OB QJTDJDVMUVSB QBTTB UBNCÊN QFMB BENJOJTUSBÉÈP EF VNB BMJNFOUBÉÈP BEFRVBEB BPT
QFJYFT 1PS JTTP UPSOBTF JOEJTQFOTÃWFM P DPOIFDJNFOUP EPT IÃCJUPT BMJNFOUBSFT F OFDFTTJEBEFT
OVUSJDJPOBJTEPTQFJYFTQBSBBBEFRVBÉÈPEBSBÉÈPBTFSGPSOFDJEB WJTUPRVFBOVUSJÉÈPUFNFGFJUPEJSFDUP
OBTPCSFWJWËODJB OPDSFTDJNFOUPFOBSFQSPEVÉÈP
0IÃCJUPBMJNFOUBSGPSOFDFOPTVNBJEFJBEBTOFDFTTJEBEFTOVUSJDJPOBJTEFDBEBFTQÊDJF1PSFYFNQMP
QFJYFTDBSOÎWPSPTBQSPWFJUBNNFMIPSPTBMJNFOUPTEFPSJHFNBOJNBM OFDFTTJUBOEPEFNBJPSDPOUFÙEP
QSPUÊJDPOBSBÉÈPEPRVFPTIFSCÎWPSPT RVBOEPDSJBEPTFNDBUJWFJSP
4ÈP DPOTJEFSBEPT QSJODJQBJT OVUSJFOUFT BT QSPUFÎOBT PT DBSCPIJESBUPT F BT HPSEVSBT " FOFSHJB Ê VN
DPNQPOFOUF UBNCÊN OFDFTTÃSJP QBSB BT GVOÉ×FT WJUBJT EP QFJYF DPNP DSFTDJNFOUP MPDPNPÉÈP F
SFQSPEVÉÈP
1PSUBOUP PGPSOFDJNFOUPEFBMJNFOUPBEFRVBEPFNRVBOUJEBEFFRVBMJEBEFÊJNQPSUBOUFQBSBPTVDFTTP
da piscicultura.
37
r 5FNQFSBUVSB
"UFNQFSBUVSBFYFSDFQSPGVOEBJOóVËODJBTPCSFBWJEBBRVÃUJDBFEFTFNQFOIBQBQFMQSFQPOEFSBOUF
OBBMJNFOUBÉÈP SFQSPEVÉÈPFSFTJTUËODJBÆTEPFOÉBTQBSBDBEBHSVQPEFQFJYFT&MBUBNCÊNJOóVFODJB
EJSFDUBNFOUFOBEJTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFPYJHÊOJPEJTTPMWJEP SFHVMBOEPBJOHFTUÈPEFBMJNFOUPTQFMPTQFJYFT
%BÎBWBOUBHFNEBTSFHJ×FTUSPQJDBJTQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSB VNBWF[RVFOFMBTPTQFJYFTJOHFSFNBMJNFOUPT
TFNHSBOEFTDPOTUSBOHJNFOUPTQSBUJDBNFOUFEVSBOUFUPEPPBOP
"GBJYBJEFBMEBTFTQÊDJFTUSPQJDBJTFTUÃFOUSFB$ TFOEPPOÎWFMÓQUJNPQBSBBNBJPSJBFOUSF
F $ 5FNQFSBUVSBT JOGFSJPSFT B $ OPSNBMNFOUF BGFDUBN P NFUBCPMJTNP EPT QFJYFT USPQJDBJT
QSPWPDBOEPEJNJOVJÉÈPEFBQFUJUFFEBTUBYBTEFDSFTDJNFOUP"UFNQFSBUVSBMFUBMNVJUPWBSJÃWFMFOUSF
FTQÊDJFT TFOEPEF$QBSBBTDBSQBT $QBSBBTUJMÃQJBT
0DPOUSPMPEFUFNQFSBUVSBEBÃHVBEBTVOJEBEFTEFQSPEVÉÈPQPEFTFSGFJUPQPSNFJPTBSUJñDJBJTDPNP
VTPEFBRVFDFEPSFT NBTÊNVJUPEJTQFOEJPTP
1PSJTTP BPTFDPOTUSVJSVNUBORVF EFWFTFFTDPMIFSVNMPDBMCFNFYQPTUPBPTPMFBPWFOUP POEFQPTTB
tirar o maior rendimento dos dois.
r 5SBOTQBSËODJB
" USBOTQBSËODJB Ê VNB NFEJEB EJSFDUBNFOUF SFMBDJPOBEB DPN B RVBOUJEBEF EF NBUÊSJB PSHÄOJDB
QMÄODUPO NBUFSJBJTFNTVTQFOTÈPEFDPSSFOUFTEBTDIVWBT FUD QSFTFOUFOBÃHVB
2VBOEPBUSBOTQBSËODJBFTUÃSFMBDJPOBEBÆTQBSUÎDVMBTEFBSHJMBFFNTVTQFOTÈP PFYDFTTPEFQBSUÎDVMBT
EFBSHJMBRVFHSVEBNOBTCSÄORVJBTDBVTBNQSPCMFNBTEFSFTQJSBÉÈPOPTQFJYFT BÃHVBBQSFTFOUBVNB
DPMPSBÉÈPOBDPSEFDBGÊ ÃHVBCBSSFOUB &TUBTFPVUSBTÃHVBTBNBSFMBEBTPVBDBTUBOIBEBT QSPWFOJFOUFT
EFQÄOUBOPTPVDIBSOFDBT TÈPÃDJEBTFJNQSÓQSJBTQBSBDSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFT
/P DBTP EF FTUBS SFMBDJPOBEB B FYDFTTP EF QMÄODUPO B ÃHVB BQSFTFOUB DPMPSBÉÈP FTWFSEFBEB F TÈP
HFSBMNFOUFCPBTQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSB
O disco de SecchiÊPFRVJQBNFOUPVTBEPQBSBNFEJSFTTFQBSÄNFUSP6NBUSBOTQBSËODJBJEFBMEBÃHVB
EFVNUBORVFNFEJEBQFMPEJTDPEF4FDDIJFTUÃFNUPSOPEFFDN JOEJDBOEPVNBCPBQSPEVÉÈP
CJPMÓHJDBOPTUBORVFT
0FTUBCFMFDJNFOUPEFVNBUSBOTQBSËODJBJEFBMQBSBQJTDJDVMUVSBÊNVJUPEJGÎDJM NBTFTUÃOPSNBMNFOUF
FOUF B DN 5BORVFT NVJUP USBOTQBSFOUFT NBJT EF DN GBWPSFDFN P EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP EF
NBDSÓñUBT+ÃBUSBOTQBSËODJBNFOPSEFDNJOEJDBFYDFTTPEFNBUÊSJBFNTVTQFOTÈP
"TÃHVBTOBUVSBJTOÈPTÈPQVSBTFBQSFTFOUBNVNBTÊSJFEFNBUFSJBJTEJTTPMWJEPTFFNTVTQFOTÈP UBJT
DPNPQBSUÎDVMBTEFBSHJMB EFUSJUPTPSHÄOJDPTFPTQSÓQSJPTNJDSPSHBOJTNPTRVFWJWFNOBÃHVB
&TTFDPOKVOUPEFNBUFSJBJTEJTQFSTPTOBÃHVBSFEV[BQFOFUSBÉÈPEBMV[ JNQFEJOEPRVFHSBOEFQBSUF
BUJOKBBTDBNBEBTNBJTQSPGVOEBT&TUFFGFJUPEFSFEVÉÈPEFMV[BPBUSBWFTTBSBDPMVOBEBÃHVBÊDIBNBEP
EF563#*%&;
r Q)
BNFEJEBRVFFYQSFTTBTFVNBÃHVBÊÃDJEBPVBMDBMJOBFNFTDBMBRVFWBSJB [FSP B DBUPS[F FWBSJB
FNGVOÉÈPEFOVNFSPTPTGBDUPSFTRVÎNJDPTFCJPMÓHJDPT
0 Q) JOUFSWÊN GSFRVFOUFNFOUF OB EJTUSJCVJÉÈP EPT PSHBOJTNPT BRVÃUJDPT " SFTQJSBÉÈP GPUPTTÎOUFTF
BEVCBÉÈP DBJBHFNFQPMVJÉÈPTÈPGBDUPSFTDBQB[FTEFBMUFSBSPQ)OBÃHVB
"NFMIPSÃHVBQBSBBDSJBÉÈPEPQFJYFÊBRVFQPTTVJVNBSFBDÉÈPMJHFJSBNFOUFBMDBMJOB JTUPÊ Q)FOUSF
38
r 0YJHÊOJPEJTTPMWJEP 0%
0PYJHÊOJPEBÃHVBÊQSPWFOJFOUFEBBUNPTGFSBFEPTWFHFUBJTRVFPDPSSFNTVCNFSTPTFRVFMJCFSUBNP
PYJHÊOJPBUSBWÊTEBGPUPTTÎOUFTF0PYJHÊOJPÊDPOTVNJEPQFMPTBOJNBJT DPNPPTQFJYFT QFMPTWFHFUBJT
BMHBTFQMBOUBTBRVÃUJDBTTVCNFSTBT FUBNCÊN QFMPQSPDFTTPEFEFDPNQPTJÉÈPEBNBUÊSJBPSHÄOJDB
0IPSÃSJPJEFBMQBSBDPOUSPMPEPTOÎWFJTEF0%ÊMPHPQFMBNBOIÈ QPJTEVSBOUFBOPJUFUPEPTPTPSHBOJTNPT
EPUBORVF QFJYFT BMHBT NJDSPSHBOJTNPT QMÄODUPO FUD DPOTPNFN01PSUBOUP ÊOBTQSJNFJSBTIPSBT
EBNBOIÈRVFBDPODFOUSBÉÈPEF0%TFFODPOUSBDSÎUJDB PRVFQPEFPDBTJPOBSQSPCMFNBTDSÓOJDPTOPT
QFJYFTFBUÊBNPSUF
0VUSBJNQPSUÄODJBÊRVFPTOÎWFJTEF0%UFNVNBSFMBÉÈPJOWFSTBNFOUFQSPQPSDJPOBMBPBVNFOUPEB
UFNQFSBUVSB PVTFKB RVBOUPNBJPSGPSBUFNQFSBUVSBEBÃHVB NFOPSTFSÃBRVBOUJEBEFEF0%
&YJTUFNEVBTGPOUFTOBUVSBJTEFPCUFOÉÈPEFPYJHÊOJP
– Difusão directa
"USBWÊTEPDPOUBDUPFQFOFUSBÉÈPEJSFDUBEPBSBUNPTGÊSJDPOBÃHVB0PYJHÊOJPEBBUNPTGFSBFOUSBOB
ÃHVBQSJODJQBMNFOUFQPSNJTUVSBNFDÄOJDB QSPWPDBEBQFMBBDÉÈPEPTWFOUPT QPSDPSSFOUFTOBUVSBJTEF
NBTTBTIÎCSJEBTFBHJUBÉ×FTDBVTBEBTQFMBUPQPHSBñBEPUFSSFOP
"DPODFOUSBÉÈPEPPYJHÊOJPOBÃHVB WBSJBDPNBTVBUFNQFSBUVSB SFMBÉÈPDPODFOUSBÉÈPUFNQFSBUVSB
FTUÃJOUJNBNFOUFMJHBEB CFNDPNPBTPMVCJMJEBEFEFTTFHÃTEFQFOEFBJOEBEBQSFTTÈPBUNPTGÊSJDB
"TPMVCJMJEBEFEPPYJHÊOJPOBÃHVBEJNJOVJÆNFEJEBRVFBUFNQFSBUVSBBVNFOUB&NUFNQFSBUVSBBMUB
PTQFJYFTMPHPVUJMJ[BNP0%EBÃHVB QPEFOEPPDPSSFSNPSUBMJEBEFQPSBTñYJB
– Processo de fotossíntese
"MJCFSUBÉÈPEFPYJHÊOJPOBÃHVB NFEJBOUFQSPDFTTPGPUPTTJOUÊUJDPQFMPñUPQMÄODUPO BMHBT FNFTQFDJBM
ÊBQSJODJQBMGPOUFEFPCUFOÉÈPEP0%FNVNTJTUFNBEFDSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFT
%VSBOUF P QSPDFTTP GPUPTTJOUÊUJDP QFMPT ÓSHÈPT DMPSPñMBEPT EPT WFHFUBJT P HÃT DBSCÓOJDP $0 Ê
EFTEPCSBEPTPCBBDÉÈPEBMV[TPMBS
&ORVBOUPPDBSCPOP $ ÊVUJMJ[BEPQBSBBTÎOUFTFEFIJESBUPTEFDBSCPOPFDBSCPOBUPT PPYJHÊOJPÊ
FYQFMJEP DPOUSJCVJOEPQBSBBPYJHFOBÉÈPEBÃHVB
4FNBMV[TPMBS JNQPSUBOUÎTTJNBQBSBFTTFQSPDFTTP PPYJHÊOJPÊFYQFMJEPEVSBOUFBTIPSBTEPEJBFN
RVFFMBÊTVñDJFOUFQBSBFTTBGVOÉÈPñTJPMÓHJDBFBUÊPOEFQPTTBQFOFUSBSFNRVBOUJEBEFTVñDJFOUF
©OPJUF IÃDPOTVNPEF0%FOÈPQSPEVÉÈP
&N ÃHVBT UVSWBT F DPN CBJYB USBOTQBSËODJB B QSPEVÉÈP GPUPTTJOUÊUJDB QPEF EJNJOVJS PV BUÊ NFTNP
QBSBS1PEFTFOPUBS QPSUBOUP RVFPQSPDFTTPGPUPTTJOUÊUJDPEPTPSHBOJTNPTDMPSPñMBEPTFTUÃMJNJUBEP
ÆTDBNBEBTTVQFSñDJBJTEFÃHVB POEFBNBJPSQBSUFEBMV[ÊBCTPSWJEB
r %JÓYJEPEF$BSCPOP $02)
0HÃTDBSCÓOJDP TFKBOPFTUBEPMJWSFPVOBGPSNBEFÃDJEPGSBDPPVEFCJDBSCPOBUP FODPOUSBTFOBÃHVB
FNTPMVÉÈPJOTUÃWFMF ÆTWF[FT TPCSFBGPSNBEFDBSCPOBUPTRVFQSFDJQJUBN
Quando ocorre um aumento de CO2 PQ)EJNJOVJPDPOUSÃSJPUBNCÊNQPEFPDPSSFS0TBMUPTUFPSFT
de CO2 QPEFN TFS FODPOUSBEPT RVBOEP VTBTF ÃHVB TVCUFSSÄOFB RVBOEP PDPSSF VN iCMPPNu BMUP
DPOTVNPEFPYJHÊOJPEVSBOUFPQSPDFTTPEFSFTQJSBÉÈP EFBMHBTÆOPJUF FOPUSBOTQPSUFEFQFJYFT0T
OÎWFJTTVCMFUBJTFTUÈPFOUSFBNHMFMFUBJTEFBNHM0CO2QPEFTFSSFNPWJEPEBÃHVBQFMB
BFSBÉÈPEBÃHVB QFMPBVNFOUPEFQ) QFMPDPOUSPMFñUPQMÄODUPOFQFMBDPOTUSVÉÈPDPSSFDUBEPTWJWFJSPT
39
FOUSBEBEFÃHVBPQPTUBÆTBÎEB TBÎEBEBÃHVBOPGVOEP GPSNBSFDUBOHVMBS FUD
r 4BJT%JTTPMWJEPT
.VJUBT TVCTUÄODJBT FODPOUSBNTF EJTTPMWJEBT OB ÃHVB &ORVBOUP BMHVNBT TÈP FTTFODJBJT QBSB B
TPCSFWJWËODJB EPT PSHBOJTNPT DPNP P OJUSPHÊOJP F P GÓTGPSP PVUSBT TÈP UÓYJDBT DPNP B BNÓOJB F
provocam mortalidade e insucesso nos cultivos.
r 4ÓMJEPTTVTQFOTPT
0TTÓMJEPTTVTQFOTPTDPSSFTQPOEFNBQBSUÎDVMBTEFBMJNFOUPOÈPDPOTVNJEPT GF[FTPVNBUÊSJBJOPSHÄOJDB
FNTVTQFOTÈPOBDPMVOBEFÃHVB
"ÃHVBTVKBQSFKVEJDBPQFJYFEFEVBTGPSNBT
– DirectaQFMPTGFSJNFOUPTPVBDÙNVMPTOBTCSÄORVJBT DPNQSPNFUFOEPBSFTQJSBÉÈPEPT
BOJNBJT
– IndirectaQFMBEJNJOVJÉÈPEBQFOFUSBÉÈPEFMV[OBÃHVB SFEV[JOEPBQSPEVUJWJEBEF
natural do viveiro.
5FPSFTEFHMTÈPTVQPSUBEPTQPSFTQÊDJFTUSPQJDBJT TFOEPPOÎWFMJEFBMEFHM
0ñMUSPNFDÄOJDPTJNQMFTQPEFEJNJOVJSPTNFTNPT TFOEPRVFVNñMUSPEF NEFDBNBEBñMUSBOUF
DBTDBMIP EF NN N EF BMUVSB N EF DPNQSJNFOUP F N EF MBSHVSB ñMUSB VN DBOBM EF
BMJNFOUBÉÈPDPNEFTDBSHBEFMT
r /JUSJUP
0OJUSJUPÊVNQSPEVUPJOUFSNFEJÃSJPOBPYJEBÉÈPCJPMÓHJDBEBBNÓOJBBOJUSBUP OJUSJñDBÉÈP $PODFOUSBÉ×FT
FMFWBEBTQPEFNPDPSSFSFNDPOTFRVËODJBEFQPMVJÉÈPPSHÄOJDBPVUFPSEF0%CBJYP
1BSBPTQFJYFT POJUSJUPÊNVJUPUÓYJDP QPJTDPNCJOBTFÆIFNPHMPCJOBOPTBOHVF PSJHJOBOEPBNFUB
IFNPHMPCJOB NÃUSBOTQPSUBEPSBEFPYJHÊOJP RVFDPOGFSFDPMPSBÉÈPBDBTUBOIBEBBPTBOHVF NBUBOEP
PQFJYFQPSBTñYJB
"QSFTFOÉBEFJ×FTEFDMPSPQPEFEJNJOVJSBUPYJDJEBEFEPOJUSJUP0OÎWFMEFOJUSJUPOPNFJPOÈPEFWF
FYDFEFSB NHM
/B BOÃMJTF RVÎNJDB EF VNB ÃHVB EFTUJOBEB Æ QJTDJDVMUVSB UPSOBNTF OFDFTTÃSJBT BT TFHVJOUFT
EFUFSNJOBÉ×FT
5BCFMBOÎWFJTEFTFKBEPTEFRVBMJEBEFEFÃHVB
Q) B
"MDBMJOJEBEF BNHMFNTFVFRVJWBMFOUFFN$B$0
%VSF[B "DJNBEFNHMFNTFVFRVJWBMFOUFFN
$B$0
0EJTTPMWJEP "DJNBEFNHM
$0MJWSF "CBJYPEFNHM
40
"NÓOJB "CBJYPEF NHM
(ÃTTVMGÎESJDP "CBJYPEF NHM
.FUBOP "CBJYPEF NHM
'FSSP "CBJYPEF NHM
"MVNÎOJP "CBJYPEF NHM
1BSÄNFUSPTCJPMÓHJDPTEBÃHVB
6NUBORVFEFDSJBÉÈPEFQFJYFT BQFTBSEFTFSVNBNCJFOUFUPUBMPVQBSDJBMNFOUFDPOUSPMBEP OÈPEFJYB
EF DPOTUJUVJS VN TJTUFNB FDPMÓHJDP RVF EFWF TFS FTUVEBEP QPJT UPEBT BT PVUSBT NPEBMJEBEFT TPGSFN
JOóVËODJBEBTDPOEJÉ×FTCJPMÓHJDBTEPNFJP BMÊNEBTDPOEJÉ×FTDJUBEBTOPTUÓQJDPTBOUFSJPSFTEF
fundamental importância o controlo do plâncton.
.BUÊSJBPSHÄOJDB RVBOEPFNFYDFTTPMFWBBVNBPYJEBÉÈPCBDUFSJBOBRVFSFNPWFPPYJHÊOJPEBÃHVB
DSJBOEPQSPCMFNBTEFSFTQJSBÉÈPBPTQFJYFTFPVUSPTPSHBOJTNPTBRVÃUJDPT
"RVBMJEBEFEBÃHVBÊJOóVFODJBEBQFMBGSFRVËODJBEFBMJNFOUBÉÈP VNBWF[RVFPFYDFTTPEFSBÉÈPOP
UBORVFQSPWPDBEJNJOVJÉÈPEPPYJHÊOJPEJTTPMWJEPOBÃHVB QSFKVEJDBOEPPTQFJYFT
"TÃHVBTEFDPSFTWFSEFBEBTÈPHFSBMNFOUFCPBTQBSBBQJTDJDVMUVSB
41
PNOÎWPSPTDPNPBUJMÃQJB BSBÉÈPGPSOFDJEBUSËTBPEJBSFTVMUBFNNFMIPSEFTFNQFOIP
2VBOUP BPT IPSÃSJPT EF GPSOFDJNFOUP EF SBÉÈP FTUFT WBSJBN DPOGPSNF B FTQÊDJF DVMUJWBEB 0 JEFBM Ê
GPSOFDFSBSBÉÈPTFNQSFOPTNFTNPTIPSÃSJPT UPEPTPTEJBT QBSBRVFIBKBVNDPOEJDJPOBNFOUPEPT
QFJYFTGVOEBNFOUBM QPSÊN OÈPGPSOFDFSBMJNFOUPBPTQFJYFTRVBOEPBTDPODFOUSBÉ×FTEFPYJHÊOJP
FTUJWFSFNCBJYBT QBSBOÈPBHSBWBSBJOEBNBJTBTJUVBÉÈP0NBJTJNQPSUBOUFÊRVFPUSBUBEPSTFKBVN
CPNPCTFSWBEPS QPJTEFMFJSÃEFQFOEFSBTBÙEFFPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPBEFRVBEPEPTQFJYFT
1BSBBMÊNEBTVBEJTUSJCVJÉÈP BGPSNBEFQSFQBSPEPTBMJNFOUPTUBNCÊNEFWFTFSUJEBFNDPOUB
r 1BSBBMFWJOPTBSBÉÈP FNGPSNBEFGBSJOIB EFWFTFSEJTUSJCVÎEBBPMPOHPEBTNBSHFOTEPT
tanques.
r 1BSBQFJYFTEFBHSBNBT BTSBÎ[FT HSÈPT WFSEVSBT GSVUBTFTFNFOUFTEFWFNTFSPGFSFDJEPT
FNQFRVFOPTQFEBÉPTEFNPEPRVFPQFJYFQPTTBBCPDBOIBS6NBCPBQSÃUJDBÊEFJYBSBT
TFNFOUFT SBÎ[FTFHSÈPTEFNPMIPQFMPNFOPTIPSBTBOUFTEBEJTUSJCVJÉÈP
2VBMRVFS QSPEVUPS FYUFOTJWP QPEF QSPEV[JS B SBÉÈP QBSB P TFV QFJYF 1BSB UBM EFWFSÃ UFS FN DPOUB B
SBÉÈPBTFSDPOGFDDJPOBEBEFWFSÃDPOUFSPTTFHVJOUFTJOHSFEJFOUFTFNRVBOUJEBEFTFRVBMJEBEFTRVF
SFTQFJUFNBTOFDFTTJEBEFTOVUSJDJPOBJTEFDBEBFTQÊDJF
r 'POUFTQSPUÊJDBTmGBSJOIBTQFJYF EFDBNBSÈP EFWÎTDFSBTEFGSBOHP EFGPMIBTEF
NBOEJPRVFJSB DPQSB PVEFMFHVNJOPTBTDPNPPTGFJK×FT BTPKBPVPBNFOEPJN
r 'POUFTFOFSHÊUJDBT
m(PSEVSBmÓMFPEFDP[JOIB RVFUBNCÊNHBSBOUFPQPEFSEFóVUVBCJMJEBEFÆSBÉÈP
m$BSCPIJESBUPTmUSJHP NBOEJPDB FUD QBSBHBSBOUJSBMJHBÉÈP BEFTÈP EPTJOHSFEJFOUFT
m'JCSBTmGBSFMPTEFDFSFBJT
r 7JUBNJOBTFTBJTNJOFSBJTmGSVUBTFMFHVNFT
42
0BMJNFOUPBSUJñDJBMEFWFTFSBENJOJTUSBEPEJBSJBNFOUFOBRVBOUJEBEFEFBUÊEBCJPNBTTBEJWJEJEP
FNEVBTPVNBJTSFGFJÉ×FT EFQSFGFSËODJBOPNFTNPMPDBMFÆTNFTNBTIPSBTEPEJB
nr. de peixes X peso individual X percentagem de ração diária
'ÓSNVMBQBSBDÃMDVMPEFSBÉÈPEJÃSJB
Ração diária=
100
nr. de peixes X peso individual X percentagem de ração diária
Ração diária=
100
Exemplo:
6NUBORVFDPNÃSFBEF1000 metrosRVBESBEPTFQSPGVOEJEBEFNÊEJBEF120 centímetros, tendo
VNBQPQVMBÉÈPEF800 peixes com peso de 200 gramasDBEB BEPQUBOEPBQSPQPSÉÈPde 3% de ração,
/PEFDPSSFSEPDVMUJWPGB[TFOFDFTTÃSJPBEFRVBSDPOTUBOUFNFOUFBTRVBOUJEBEFTGPSOFDJEBTEFBMJNFOUPT
de acordo com o crescimento.
0TQFJYFTDSFTDFNNBJTSBQJEBNFOUFRVBOEPIÃEJTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFBMJNFOUPT QPSRVFÊBUSBWÊTEBEJFUB
BMJNFOUBSRVFFMFTSFDFCFNOVUSJFOUFTQBSBBUFOEFSBTTVBTOFDFTTJEBEFTOVUSJDJPOBJTEJÃSJBT
– Suplementos nutricionais
B 1SPUFÎOBT
1SPUFÎOBTTÈPNPMÊDVMBTHSBOEFTFDPNQMFYBT&MBTDPNQPSUBNPTBNJOPÃDJEPTRVFTÈPDPNQPOFOUFT
JOEJTQFOTÃWFJT Æ FTUSVUVSB F FN NVJUPT DBTPT GVODJPOBN DPNP DPFO[JNBT EF SFBDÉ×FT DFMVMBSFT
JNQPSUBOUFT0TBNJOPÃDJEPTRVFOÈPQPEFNTFSTJOUFUJ[BEPTQFMPTBOJNBJTPVRVFTÈPTJOUFUJ[BEPTFN
RVBOUJEBEFTJOTVñDJFOUFTEFWFNTFSTVQMFNFOUBEBTOBEJFUB
"TUJMBQJBTBTTJNDPNPPVUSPTBOJNBJT OÈPOFDFTTBSJBNFOUFSFRVFSFNBTQSPUFÎOBTOBTVBEJFUB NBT
TJNVNCPNCBMBODFBNFOUPBNJOPBDÎEJDP"TTJN OÈPJNQPSUBBRVBOUJEBEFEFQSPUFÎOBFYJTUFOUFOPT
BMJNFOUPT BENJOJTUSBEPT BPT QFJYFT QPSRVF P DSFTDJNFOUP TBEJP EPT BOJNBJT EFQFOEF EB RVBMJEBEF
EFTTFTBNJOPÃDJEPTQSFTFOUFT
0T OÎWFJT QSPUFJDPT EFQFOEFN EF GBDUPSFT DPNP B FTQÊDJF JEBEF UBNBOIP UFNQFSBUVSB EB ÃHVB
TBMJOJEBEFFRVBMJEBEFEBQSPUFÎOB"GBMUBEFBNJOPÃDJEPTBEFRVBEPTQBSBVNBEBEBFTQÊDJFSFTVMUBFN
CBJYPEFTFNQFOIPOPDSFTDJNFOUP
C 7JUBNJOBT
"TWJUBNJOBTTÈPDPNQPTUPTPSHÄOJDPTRVFTÈPOFDFTTÃSJPFNQFRVFOBTRVBOUJEBEFTQBSBPDSFTDJNFOUP
SFQSPEVÉÈPFTBÙEFOPSNBJTEPTBOJNBJT%FñDJËODJBTWJUBNÎOJDBTQPEFNSFTVMUBSFNEPFOÉBTEFPSJHFN
OVUSJDJPOBM DPNP SFEV[JEP DSFTDJNFOUP PV VN BVNFOUP EB TVTDFQUJCJMJEBEF QBSB DPOUSBJS JOGFDÉ×FT
Todavia, suplementos de vitaminas nãoTÈPJODMVÎEPTOBTSBÉ×FTBSUJñDJBJTPVTVQMFNFOUBSFTQBSBUJMÃQJBT
RVFTÈPQSPEV[JEBTFNEFOTJEBEFTCBJYBTPVNPEFSBEBT RVFDSFTDFNFNUBORVFTGFSUJMJ[BEPT"TTVNF
TFRVF TPCFTUBTDPOEJÉ×FT BUJMÃQJBDPOTVNFVNBRVBOUJEBEFTVñDJFOUFEFBMJNFOUPOBUVSBM DBQB[EF
satisfazer as suas necessidades vitamínicas.
D .JOFSBJT
43
0TNJOFSBJTTÈPFMFNFOUPTJOPSHÄOJDPTOFDFTTÃSJPTBPBOJNBJTQBSBNBOUFSBTTVBTGVOÉ×FTNFUBCÓMJDBT
UBJTDPNPBFTUSVUVSBEPTPTTPT EFOUFTFUFDJEPT PTNPSSFHVMBÉÈP JNQVMTPTFUSBOTNJTT×FTOFSWPTBT
DPOUSBDÉÈP NVTDVMBS SFHVMBÉÈP EP Q) EP TBOHVF F PVUSPT óVJEPT 0T QFJYFT UËN B DBQBDJEBEF EF
BCTPSWFSPTNJOFSBJTEBÃHVBEVSBOUFBSFTQJSBÉÈPFQPSJTTP OÈPTÈPOPSNBMNFOUFBEJDJPOBEPTÆTEJFUBT
QBSBDVMUJWPFYUFOTJWP©FYDFQÉÈPEFBMHVOTNJOFSBJTDPNPPGÓTGPSP EFWFNTFSBEJDJPOBEPTÆEJFUBFN
QFJYFTDSJBEPTFNDBUJWFJSP
44
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d®2(0$*8$&8/785$
PREVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DAS DOENÇAS
Módulo 6
1-"/05&.¦5*$0 NJO
**OUSPEVÉÈP
II. Conceito de doença
III. Principais causas das doenças
IV. Mecanismos de defesa
71SJODJQBJTTJOUPNBTRVFBVYJMJBNOBEFUFDÉÈPEFEPFOÉBT
7*.FEJEBTBTFUPNBSRVBOEPTVSHFNQFJYFTEPFOUFTOPUBORVF
7**1SFWFOÉÈPEFEPFOÉBT
7***1BSBTJUBTEPTQFJYFT
IX. Tipos de tratamento
45
46
I. INTRODUÇÃO
0TQFJYFT OPSNBMNFOUF DPOWJWFNFNFRVJMÎCSJPDPNPTQBSBTJUBTFBHFOUFTQBUPHÊOJDPT.BT DPNPPT
PVUSPTTFSFTWJWPT BTFTQÊDJFTDSJBEBTFNUBORVFTEFBRVBDVMUVSB UBNCÊNTÈPTVTDFQUÎWFJTÆTEPFOÉBT
" TVTDFQUJCJMJEBEF ÆT EPFOÉBT WBSJB DPN B FTQÊDJF JEBEF QBSUJDVMBSJEBEFT JOEJWJEVBJT F BMUFSBÉ×FT
BNCJFOUBJT
$PNPEJ[PEJUBEPQPQVMBSiBQSFWFOÉÈPÊPNFMIPSSFNÊEJPu OÈPJSFNPTBRVJQSFTDSFWFSNFEJDBNFOUPT
OFNEPTFTUFSBQËVUJDBT*SFNPTSFDPNFOEBSCPBTQSÃUJDBTEFNBOVTFBNFOUPRVFBVYJMJBNOBQSFWFOÉÈP
EFEPFOÉBTFNQFJYFT1BSBRVFBBDUJWJEBEFUFOIBTVTUFOUBCJMJEBEF EFWFNPTTFNQSFCVTDBSPFRVJMÎCSJP
FOUSFPBNCJFOUFBSUJñDJBMRVFDSJBNPTFPTTFVTIBCJUBOUFT
0T QFJYFT DPN EÊñDF BMJNFOUBS UBOUP EF BMJNFOUP OBUVSBM DPNP BSUJñDJBM ñDBN EFCJMJUBEPT F
47
BQSFTFOUBNNFOPSSFTJTUËODJBÆTJOGFDÉ×FTEVSBOUFPDVMUJWP
"EFñDJËODJBWJUBNÎOJDBEJNJOVJBDBQBDJEBEFEFDJDBUSJ[BÉÈP EFGFSJNFOUPTDBVTBEPTQFMPNBOVTFBNFOUP
EVSBOUFBQFTDBPVUSBOTQPSUFFBVNFOUBBTQSPCBCJMJEBEFTEFJOTUBMBÉ×FTEFCBDUÊSJBTFWÎSVTOFTTBT
MFT×FT
c) Causas ligadas ao maneio
r "MUBEFOTJEBEFQPQVMBDJPOBMOPTUBORVFTRVFGBWPSFDFÆSÃQJEBEJTTFNJOBÉÈPEPTBHFOUFTQB
UPHÊOJDPT
r &YQPTJÉÈPFYDFTTJWBÆTTVCTUÄODJBTUÓYJDBTDPNPJOTFDUJDJEBTFNFEJDBNFOUPTRVFSFTVMUBFN
JOUPYJDBÉ×FT
r *OUSPEVÉÈPEFÃHVBDPOUBNJOBEBOBTVOJEBEFTEFDVMUJWP
r "ENJOJTUSBÉÈPEFSBÉ×FTDPOUBNJOBEBT FTQFDJBMNFOUFÆCBTFEFQSPEVUPTSFTJEVBJTEFBOJNBJT OÈPFT
UFSJMJ[BEPT
"EVCBÉÈPDPNNBUFSJBMDPOUBNJOBEP
d) Factores determinantes para o aparecimento de doenças
&YUSFNPTOBBMJNFOUBÉÈP JTUPÊUBYBTFYDFTTJWBNFOUFBMUBTPVCBJYBT BTTPDJBEBTÆGSBDBUSPDBEFÃHVB
TÈPDPOTJEFSBEPTPTGBDUPSFTNBJTDPNVOTRVFEFUFSNJOBNPBQBSFDJNFOUPEFEPFOÉBTFNVOJEBEFT
EFDVMUJWPEFQFJYFT&TUBTDPOEJÉ×FTSFTVMUBNOPBDÙNVMPEFSFTÎEVPTPSHÄOJDPTRVFTÈPTVCTUSBUPF
BMJNFOUPFYDFMFOUFQBSBCBDUÊSJBTFQBSBTJUBT SFTVMUBOEPOVNBVNFOUPEBQSPCBCJMJEBEFEFTVSHJNFOUP
de doenças.
"BQMJDBÉÈPDPOUÎOVBEFQSPEVUPTPYJEBUJWPTDPNPPDMPSP ÃHVBPYJHFOBEBPVQFSNBOHBOBUPEFQPUÃTTJP
EFTUSPFNPNVDP FYQPOEPPTBOJNBJTBPBUBRVFQBSBTJUÃSJPFQBUPHÊOJDP
As escamas:BTFTDBNBTFBQFMFTÈPBQSPUFDÉÈPNFDÄOJDBEPTQFJYFTFBKVEBNOBSFHVMBÉÈPPTNÓUJDB
0TQFJYFTRVFOÈPBQSFTFOUBNFTDBNBTFTUÈPNBJTTVKFJUPTÆTMFT×FTFQPSJTTPEFTFOWPMWFSBNIÃCJUPT
EFWJEBRVFPTQSPUFHFN DPNPBDBNVóBHFNOPMPEP
0TQBSBTJUBTRVFTFñYBNOBTFTDBNBTGBWPSFDFNÆTVBQFSEBFTVCTFRVFOUFJOTUBMBÉÈPEFCBDUÊSJBTF
48
GVOHPTQBUPHÊOJDPT0TDVJEBEPTOPNBOVTFBNFOUPEFWFN ÆTFNFMIBOÉBEPNVDP TFSUPNBEPTQBSB
evitar a perda de escamas.
0TJTUFNBJNVOPMÓHJDPPTJTUFNBJNVOPMÓHJDPEPTQFJYFTFQBSUFEFDÊMVMBTTBOHVÎOFBT UBMDPNPEF
PVUSPTBOJNBJT QPTTVFNEJWFSTBTFO[JNBTRVFEFTUSPFNBTCBDUÊSJBTFPTWÎSVT
"GBHPDJUPTFÊPQSJODJQBMNFDBOJTNPEFEFGFTBDFMVMBS EVSBOUFBRVBMTVCTUÄODJBTFDÊMVMBTFTUSBOIBT
CFN DPNP QBSUF EF UFDJEPT EFHFOFSBEPT TÈP EFTUSVÎEBT F SFBCTPSWJEBT 0T MFVDÓDJUPT PV HMÓCVMPT
CSBODPTEPTÈPBTDÊMVMBTEPTBOHVFSFTQPOTÃWFJTQPSFTUBGVOÉÈP
1BSBBVYJMJBSFTUBQSPUFDÉÈP PTUSPNCÓDJUPTBDUVBNOBDPBHVMBÉÈPEPTBOHVF FWJUBOEPIFNPSSBHJBTFPT
FSJUSÓDJUPTPVHMÓCVMPTWFSNFMIPTUSBOTQPSUBNPPYJHÊOJPEBTCSÄORVJBTQBSBPTUFDJEPT
Reconstituição de tecidosPTQFJYFTUËNHSBOEFDBQBDJEBEFEFSFHFOFSBSUFDJEPTEBOJñDBEPTFQBSB
UBMDPOUBNDPNPQSPDFTTPEFJOóBNBÉÈPQBSBPDPNCBUFEFBHFOUFTJOWBTPSFT%VSBOUFPBUBRVFEF
PSHBOJTNPT QBUPHÊOJDPT PT QFJYFT SFBHFN DPN JOóBNBÉ×FT EPT UFDJEPT BGFDUBEPT 0 QSPDFTTP EF
JOóBNBÉÈPÊDPOTUJUVÎEPQPSBVNFOUPEPNFUBCPMJTNPQSPUÊJDPMPDBM BVNFOUPEBTÎOUFTFEFMFVDÓDJUPT
FBDUJWBÉÈPEPTJTUFNBGBHPDJUÃSJP EFTUSVJOEPPBHFOUFQBUPHÊOJDP
Reacção de emergência:QFJYFTTVCNFUJEPTÆDPOEJÉ×FTBNCJFOUBJTRVFTVQFSFNBTTVBTDBQBDJEBEFT
BEBQUBUJWBTOPSNBJT TPGSFNBMUFSBÉ×FTIPSNPOBJT NFUBCÓMJDBT ñTJPMÓHJDBTFGÎTJDBT EJNJOVJOEPBTVB
TPCSFWJWËODJB&NSFTQPTUB PTQFJYFTSFBHFNBVNFOUBOEPBWBTPDPOTUSJÉÈP BQSFTTÈPTBOHVÎOFBFB
JSSJHBÉÈPOBSFHJÈPEBTCSÄORVJBT BUSBWÊTEBBESFOBMJOB
%FDPSSFPBVNFOUPEBGSFRVËODJBSFTQJSBUÓSJBFEBRVBOUJEBEFEFHMJDPTFOPTBOHVF DPNPSFGPSÉPEF
PYJHÊOJPFFOFSHJBQBSBBTSFBDÉ×FTEFFNFSHËODJB
C 3FBDÉ×FTFTQFDÎñDBTTÈPBTBMUFSBÉ×FTJNVOPMÓHJDBTBERVJSJEBT
Imunidade humoral: Ê B QSPEVÉÈP EF BOUJDPSQPT FTQFDÎñDPT BT JNVOVHMPCVMJOBT BQFOBT BQÓT B
EFUFDÉÈPEBQSFTFOÉBEFPSHBOJTNPTPVTVCTUÄODJBTFTUSBOIBT
Imunidade celular:BMHVNBTEBTDÊMVMBTRVFBDUVBNEVSBOUFBJNVOJEBEFIVNPSBM BERVJSFNiNFNÓSJB
JNVOPMÓHJDBuFFTUÈPQSPOUBTQBSBDPNCBUFSPNFTNPBHFOUFQBUPHÊOJDPFNTJUVBÉ×FTGVUVSBT&TUFUJQP
EFJNVOJEBEFÊDPNVNFNVJUPJNQPSUBOUFEVSBOUFBTJOGFDÉ×FTDSÓOJDBT EBOEPBPQPSUVOJEBEFEP
PSHBOJTNPEPQFJYFSFBHJSEFJNFEJBUPBPTJOWBTPSFT
49
m -FUBSHJBmQFJYFTQBSBEPTPVDPNSFEVÉÈPEFSFóFYPTPVBJOEB
m 1FJYFTFYDFTTJWBNFOUFBHJUBEPT
m /BUBÉÈPFNDÎSDVMPTPVDPNPDPSQPFNQPTJÉÈPMBUFSBM
m %JTUSJCVJÉÈPBOPSNBMEPTQFJYFTOPUBORVF
5.2.Sinais clínicos externos:
m $PMPSBÉÈPBOPSNBM FTDVSFDJNFOUPPVQBMJEF[
m %FGPSNBÉ×FTDPSQPSBJT
m &SPTÈPPVQPESJEÈPEBTCBSCBUBOBT
m )FNPSSBHJBTOPTPMIPT DPSQP CBSCBUBOBTPVCPDB
m -FT×FTDPSQPSBJT
m .BODIBTEFTQJHNFOUBEBTOPDPSQP
m %FGPSNBÉ×FTEPBCEÓNFO JODIBÉPPVBMPOHBNFOUP
m 4BMJËODJBFPQBDJEBEFEPTPMIPT
m &YDFTTPEFQSPEVÉÈPEFNVDP
m 1BMJEF[ OFDSPTFPVEFGPSNJEBEFEBTCSÄORVJBT
0QJTDJDVMUPSOÈPEFWF
r "ENJOJTUSBSRVBMRVFSNFEJDBNFOUP BOUFTEFDPOTVMUBSVNUÊDOJDPIBCJMJUBEPQBSBPFGFJUP
r 6TBSPTBQFUSFDIPTPVUSPTUBORVFTTBVEÃWFJTNBTFNTBSPTBQFUSFDIPTEFQFTDB SFEFT UBSSBGBTF
PVUSPT EPTUBORVFTDPNQSPCMFNBTFNPVUSPTUBORVFTTBVEÃWFJT
50
VII. PREVENÇÃO DE DOENÇAS
&NBNCJFOUFOBUVSBM BTQPTTJCJMJEBEFTEPTQFJYFTñDBSFNEPFOUFTTÈPNVJUPQFRVFOBT&NDBUJWFJSP
FTTBDPOEJÉÈPQPEFQSFWBMFDFSEFTEFRVFNFEJEBTEFQSFWFOÉÈPTFKBNUPNBEBT
1SFWFOJOEP QPEFNPT FWJUBS P BQBSFDJNFOUP EF GBDUPSFT RVF QPEFSJBN QSPWPDBS P TVSHJNFOUP EF
EPFOÉBTOPTQFJYFTPVBTVBDPOUBNJOBÉÈPQPSQBSBTJUBT"NFEJEBDIBWFQBSBBQSFWFOÉÈPEBTEPFOÉBTÊ
BTTFHVSBSBRVBMJEBEFEFÃHVB OVUSJÉÈPFRVJMJCSBEBFNBOFJPBEFRVBEPOPTUBORVFT$POUVEP DVJEBEPT
BEJDJPOBJTEFWFNTFSUPNBEPT
Cuidados na construção dos tanques
r 0UBORVFEFWFTFSDPOTUSVÎEPFNMPDBMTFNSJTDPEFDPOUBNJOBÉÈPQPSBHSPUÓYJDPT JTUPÊ
MPDBMPOEFOÈPIBKBSJTDPEBÃHVBQSPWFOJFOUFEBBHSJDVMUVSB FTQFDJBMNFOUFTFFTUBGPSÆ
CBTFEFBHSPUÓYJDPT QBTTBSQBSBPUBORVFQJTDÎDPMB
r /VODBDPOTUSVJSUBORVFTJOUFSMJHBEPT QBSBFWJUBSBEJTTFNJOBÉÈPEFEPFOÉBTEFVNUBORVF
para o outro.
r %FTJOGFDÉÈPEPTUBORVFTBOUFTEPQPWPBNFOUP
r $PMPDBÉÈPEFñMUSPTQBSBFMJNJOBSPVFWJUBSBFOUSBEBEFPSHBOJTNPTJOEFTFKBEPT
Planeamento prévio das operações de rotina:
r 4FMFDDJPOBSFTQÊDJFTEFQFJYFTRVFTFBEBQUFNCFNBPDMJNBEBSFHJÈP
r .BUFSJBMEFUSBOTQPSUFFSFDFQÉÈPEPTOPWPTQFJYFTEFWFFTUBSEFWJEBNFOUFMJNQPF TF
QPTTÎWFM EFTJOGFDUBEP
r $FSUJñDBSTFEFRVFOPWPTQPWPBNFOUPTTÈPGFJUPTDPNQFJYFTTBVEÃWFJTFMJWSFTEFPSHBOJTNPT
QBUPHÊOJDPT
r $PMPDBSPTOPWPTPSHBOJTNPTFNRVBSFOUFOB
Gestão adequada das unidades de cultivo
r "TTFHVSBSBOVUSJÉÈPCBMBODFBEBFEPTFBEBDPOGPSNFPTJTUFNBEFDVMUJWPFJEBEFEPTQFJYFT
r "TTFHVSBSRVBMJEBEFEFÃHVBFNBOFJPBEFRVBEPT
r %FMJDBEF[BEVSBOUFPUSBOTQPSUFFBQFTDBQBSDJBM
7.4. Higiene, limpeza e monitoria dos tanques
r &WJUBSPVTPEFSBÉ×FTFNCPMPSBEBTPVGFSNFOUBEBT
r 3FNPWFSPTQFJYFTNPSUPTr&WJUBSPVTPFYDFTTJWPEFRVÎNJDPTPVNFEJDBNFOUPT
r %FQPJTEFQPWPBEPPUBORVFEFWFTFNPOJUPSBSQFSJPEJDBNFOUFPTQBSÄNFUSPTGÎTJDPTRVÎNJDPT
EBÃHVB
r /VODBVTBSPTUBORVFTDPNPiQJTDJOBTuQBSBPMB[FSIVNBOP
7.5. Observar os sinais de alerta
r $PNQPSUBNFOUPBOPSNBMEPTQFJYFT
r "MUFSBÉ×FTGÎTJDBTFYUFSJPSFT
51
VIII. PARASITAS DOS PEIXES
0T QBSBTJUBT FTUÈP QSFTFOUFT FN UPEPT PT BNCJFOUFT NBT FN DBUJWFJSP TÈP NBJT BCVOEBOUFT F
OPSNBMNFOUF TÈP NBJT BDUJWPT EFWJEP Æ GSBHJMJEBEF SFTVMUBOUF EF VN NBJPS TUSFTT BQSFTFOUBEP QFMPT
QFJYFTOFTTFTBNCJFOUFT0TQBSBTJUBTNBJTDPNVOTTÈP
r "SHVMPTF "SHVMVTKBQPOJDVN QJPMIPEFQFJYF
4ÈPDPQÊQPEFTPWBJTBDIBUBEPTRVFNFEFNEFBNNFFYJTUFNDFSDBEFFTQÊDJFTFNUPEPP
NVOEP1BSFDFNTFSVNJNQPSUBOUFWFDUPSEFEPFOÉBTWJSBJTFCBDUFSJBOBTOBDBSQBDPNVN0QJPMIPEF
QFJYFñYBTFOPDPSQPPVCBSCBUBOBTQPSWFOUPTBTFBMJNFOUBTFEFóVJEPTDPSQPSBJTRVFTVHBBUSBWÊTEF
QSPCÓTDJEFT3BSBNFOUFQSPWPDBBNPSUFEPQFJYFNBT VNBJOGFTUBÉÈPTFWFSBDBVTBBOFNJB DPOEV[JOEP
ÆQFSEFEFQFTP FSFEVÉÈPEPDSFTDJNFOUP
$PNPP"SHVMVTOÈPÊTFOTÎWFMÆFMFWBÉÈPEBTBMJOJEBEF PDPOUSPMPÊGFJUPBQFOBTDPNPVTPEFJOTFDUJDJEBT
UBMDPNPPEJNFUJM EJCSPNP EJDMPSPFUJMGPTGBUPOBDPODFOUSBÉÈP B NH-
r $PTUÎBTF $PTUJBOFDBUSJY
%PFOÉB EF WÊV BUBDB OB NBJPSJB EBT WF[FT BMFWJOPT DPN DSFTDJNFOUP SFUBSEBEP 0T TJOUPNBT TÈP P
TVSHJNFOUPEFVNBDPCFSUVSBUJQPWÊVOBTCBSCBUBOBT QFMFFCSÄORVJBT CFNDPNPNVDPOBTHVFMSBT
6NB TPMVÉÈP EF EF /B$M TBM EF DP[JOIB EVSBOUF B NJOVUPT PV GPSNPM FN NM
EF GPSNPM B QPS NM EF ÃHVB EVSBOUF NJOVUPT Ê TVñDJFOUF QBSB BUFOVBS PT FGFJUPT EFTUB
DPOUBNJOBÉÈP
r (JSPEBDUJMPTF (ZSPEBDUZVTTQ
0(ZSPEBDUZVTTQÊVNUSFNÃUPEP WFSNF DPNHBODIPTñYBEPSFT DBQB[EFDPNQMFUBSPTFVDJDMPEF
vida num único hospedeiro.
&NCPSBQPTTBTFSFODPOUSBEPOBTCSÄORVJBT P(ZSPEBDUZVTTQñYBTFOPSNBMNFOUFOBQFMFFCBSCBUBOBT
EPT QFJYFT 0T QFJYFT DPOUBNJOBEPT ñDBN DPN B DPS QÃMJEB DPSQP DPCFSUP QPS NVDP F CBSCBUBOBT
RVFCSBEJÉBT"NPSUBOEBEFFOUSFBMFWJOPTFKVWFOJTQPEFTFSBMUB
0DPOUSPMPÊHFSBMNFOUFGFJUPDPNSFDVSTPÆCBOIPTEFGPSNBMJOBEFBNMNQPSVNBIPSB
PVNMNQPSUFNQPJOEFñOJEP"NCPTUSBUBNFOUPTEFWFNTFSFGFDUVBEPTFNUBORVFTEFNBUFSJBM
JNQFSNFÃWFMDPNPñCSBEFWJESP QMÃTUJDPPVDJNFOUP
r *DUJPGUJSÎBTF (Ichthyophthirius multifilis)
VNBQBSBTJUPTFQSPUP[PÃSJBEFEJGÎDJMDPOUSPMP DBQB[EFJOGFTUBSEJWFSTBTFTQÊDJFTEFQFJYFT0TQFJYFT
NBJTKPWFOTTÈPNBJTTVTDFQUÎWFJTÆDPOUBNJOBÉÈPEPRVFPTBEVMUPT
0iÎDUJPu DPNPUBNCÊNÊDPOIFDJEBFTUBEPFOÉB ÊDBSBDUFSJ[BEBQPSBQBSFDJNFOUPEFQPOUPTCSBODPT
BPMPOHPEFUPEPPDPSQP FTQFDJBMNFOUFOBTCBSCBUBOBT WJTÎWFJTBPMIPOV"QSFTFOÉBEPQSPUP[PÃSJP
DJMJBEP SFTVMUB FN JSSJUBÉÈP F P QFJYF SFBHF DPN NPWJNFOUPT RVF P QFSNJUBN SBTQBS B QFMF B BMHVN
TVCTUSBUP 1PS PVUSP MBEP PDPSSF UBNCÊN FYDFTTJWB QSPEVÉÈP EF NVDP F QSVSJEP EFWJEP B JSSJUBÉÈP
DBVTBEBQFMBQSFTFOÉBEPNFTNPQSPUP[PÃSJP
" BMUB UFNQFSBUVSB OÈP GBWPSFDF P EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP EB iÎDUJPu BTTJN B ÊQPDB NBJT RVFOUF EP BOP Ê
RVBOEPPTQFJYFTFTUÈPNBJTMJWSFTEFTTBJOGFTUBÉÈP0USBUBNFOUPÊGFJUPEFEJWFSTBTNBOFJSBT FOUSFFMBT
r 7FSEFEFNBMBRVJUBB NH-EVSBOUFIPSBT FNBBQMJDBÉ×FT DPNJOUFSWBMPTEFEJBT
entre as mesmas.
52
r 'PSNBMJOBFOUSFFNMN FNBBQMJDBÉ×FT DPNJOUFSWBMPTEFEJBTFOUSFBTNFTNBT
QPSUFNQPJOEFñOJEP
r $PNCJOBÉÈPEFNMNEFGPSNBMJOBDPN HNEFWFSEFNBMBRVJUB&TUFUSBUBNFOUPÊ
NBJTFñDB[RVFPTSFTUBOUFT DPOUVEP PVTPEFWFSEFNBMBRVJUBOÈPÊQFSNJUJEPFNQFJYFTRVF
TÈPEFTUJOBEPTBPDPOTVNPIVNBOP0VUSBTNFEJEBTQPEFNTFSUPNBEBTQBSBBUFOVBSPT
FGFJUPTEPiÎDUJPu
r 5SPDBTUPUBJTEFÃHVBNBJTGSFRVFOUFT
r "VNFOUPEPóVYPEFÃHVB
r &MFWBÉÈPEBUFNQFSBUVSBEBÃHVBBUÊDFSDBEF$0TQFJYFTRVFTFSFDVQFSBNEFVNB
JDUJPGUJSÎBTFHBOIBNSFTJTUËODJBÆOPWBTDPOUBNJOBÉ×FT
r 4BQSPMFHOJPTF(Saprolegnia sp.)
4BQSPMFHOJPTF Ê VNB EBT JOGFDÉ×FT GÙOHJDBT NBJT GSFRVFOUFT RVF BGFDUB QFJYFT EF UPEBT JEBEFT FN
EJWFSTPT MVHBSFT EP NVOEP F BMJNFOUBNTF EF NBUÊSJB PSHÄOJDB FN EFDPNQPTJÉÈP 0 FYDFTTP EF
NBUÊSJB PSHÄOJDB OBT VOJEBEFT EF DVMUJWP BMJBEBT Æ NÃ OVUSJÉÈP F MFT×FT GÎTJDBT QPEF EFTFODBEFBS P
EFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEFTUFTGVOHPTFJOGFDÉ×FT&NQFSÎPEPTEFCBJYBTUFNQFSBUVSBT QBSBQFJYFTUSPQJDBJT
PVBQÓTBQFTDBPVUSBOTQPSUF BJNVOJEBEFFTUÃ HFSBMNFOUF NBJTCBJYB GBWPSFDFOEPBDPOUBNJOBÉÈP
QPSFTUFUJQPEFGVOHPT
&TUFT GVOHPT JOTUBMBNTF FN MFT×FT FYUFSOBT DBVTBEBT QPS BHSFTT×FT CBDUÊSJBT PV PVUSPT QBSBTJUBT
0 TFV DSFTDJNFOUP Ê NBJT BDFMFSBEP FN UFNQFSBUVSBT FOUSF F $ DPN UFOEËODJB B SFEV[JS FN
temperaturas mais elevadas.
0T TJOBJT EF JOGFTUBÉÈP TÈP P BQBSFDJNFOUP EF VNB NBTTB NJDFMJBM ñMBNFOUPTB FTCSBORVJÉBEB PV
BDJO[FOUBEBDPCSJOEPQBSDJBMNFOUFPDPSQPEPQFJYF
%VSBOUFBJODVCBÉÈPEPTPWPT BJOGFDÉÈPPDPSSFBQFOBTFNPWPTNPSUPTPTRVBJTTÈPTVCTUSBUPTSJDPT
para o seu crescimento.
"QSJNFJSBNFEJEBEFDPOUSPMPÊBDPSSFDÉÈPEBTDBVTBTRVFQSFEJTQ×FNGFJUPDPNFNFSTÈPFNTPMVÉB
EFB[VMEFNFUJMFOPPVWFSEFEFNBMBRVJUBB NHMJUSPEVSBOUFIPSBT
53
DPODFOUSBÉÈPEPNFEJDBNFOUPQPSQFSÎPEPTNBJTMPOHPT NJOVUPTBIPSBT 1BSBPT
CBOIPTQSPñMÃUJDPTEFBMFWJOPT TÈPOFDFTTÃSJPTUBORVFTFTQFDÎñDPT TFOEPOPSNBMNFOUF
VUJMJ[BEPTEFQÓTJUPTEFÃHVBEFMJUSPTPVMJUSPT
r 5SBUBNFOUPQPSUFNQPJOEFñOJEPPTQFJYFTñDBNFYQPTUPTBVNBCBJYBDPODFOUSBÉÈP
UFSBQËVUJDBQPSUFNQPJOEFUFSNJOBEP&TUBGPSNBEFUSBUBNFOUPÊCBTUBOUFFNQSFHBEBFN
UBORVFTJNQFSNFÃWFJTFEFUFSSBEFHSBOEFTEJNFOT×FT
0CTFSWBÉ×FT
-BSWBTFBMFWJOPTTÈPNBJTTFOTÎWFJTBQSPEVUPTRVÎNJDPTRVFQFJYFTBEVMUPT
2VBOUPNBJPSBUFNQFSBUVSBEBÃHVB NBJPSBUPYJDJEBEFEFVNDFSUPQSPEVUPBPTQFJYFT
2VBOUPNFMIPSFTGPSFNBTDPOEJÉ×FTEBRVBMJEBEFEFÃHVB PYJHÊOJPEJTTPMWJEP Q) HÃT
DBSCÓOJDPFCBJYBTDPODFOUSBÉ×FTEFNFUBCÓMJDPTDPNPBBNÓOJBFOJUSJUP NBJTGBDJMNFOUF
VNUSBUBNFOUPDPNQSPEVUPTRVÎNJDPTTFSÃUPMFSBEPQFMPTQFJYFT
54
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d®2(0$*8$&8/785$
CAPTURA, TRANSPORTE E PROCESSAMENTO
Módulo 7
CAPTURA E PROCESSAMENTO
1-"/05&.¦5*$0 NJO
I. INTRODUÇÃO
II. PESCA TOTAL
%FQVSBÉÈPEPTQFJYFT
$VJEBEPTDPNPEFTQFKPEBÃHVB
(BJPMBTóVUVBOUFT
III. PESCA PARCIAL
IV. TAMANHO DO PEIXE CAPTURADO
V. TRANSPORTE DO PEIXE
VI. PROCESSAMENTO
55
56
I. INTRODUÇÃO
"IJTUÓSJBEBBRVBDVMUVSBJOJDJPVDPNBOFDFTTJEBEFEFTFDPOTVNJSQFJYFGSFTDPFNSFHJ×FTEFTGBWPSFDJEBT
QPSFTUFSFDVSTP%BNFTNBNBOFJSBRVFTFDSJBNGSBOHPTFTFFTDPMIFNBMHVOTQBSBPBCBUF QBSBP
DPOTVNP GBNJMJBS P QFJYF DSJBEP TPGSJB P NFTNP USBUBNFOUP $PN P QBTTBS EP UFNQP B OFDFTTJEBEF
EF BVNFOUP EF SFOEB MFWPV Æ DPNFSDJBMJ[BÉÈP EPT QFJYFT QSPEV[JEPT /FTTF QSPDFTTP B DBQUVSB
SFQSFTFOUBWBPNPNFOUPNVJUPFTQFSBEPQFMPQSPEVUPSFQFMBDPNVOJEBEF POEFPTQFJYFTEFNBJPS
UBNBOIPFNFMIPSBQBSËODJBFSBNEJTQVUBEPT.VJUPTEFTTFTQFJYFTFSBNDPNFSDJBMJ[BEPTWJWPTFBTVB
TPCSFWJWËODJBEVSBOUFPUSBOTQPSUFHBSBOUJBBPDPNFSDJBOUFPSFUPSOPEPTDPNQSBEPSFTOBQSPEVÉÈP
TFHVJOUF
'PJPCTFSWBEPRVFPNBOVTFBNFOUPEPTQFJYFTEVSBOUFBDBQUVSBFSBUÈPJNQPSUBOUFRVBOUPEVSBOUFP
DVMUJWPQPJT TFSFBMJ[BEPEFGPSNBJODPSSFDUB DBVTBWBTUSFTTFDPNQSPNFUJBBRVBMJEBEFEPQFJYF/FTUF
DPOUFYUP PKFKVNBOUFTEBQFTDBSFWFMPVTFNVJUPJNQPSUBOUF VNBWF[RVFSFEV[JBPTEJTUÙSCJPTRVF
BBDUJWJEBEFQVEFTTFDBVTBSBPTQFJYFT'PJBTTJNRVFPTQSPEVUPSFTEFQFJYFDPNFÉBSBNBEBSNBJT
importância à esta etapa da piscicultura.
"DBQUVSBPVQFTDBEPTQFJYFTWBSJBNVJUPDPNPTJTUFNBEFDVMUJWPFUJQPEFVOJEBEFEFDVMUJWP
3FDPMIFOEPPTQFJYFTOPUBORVFWB[JPmQFTDBUPUBM
57
II. PESCA TOTAL
&NRVBMRVFSQSPDFTTPEFDSJBÉÈPÊOFDFTTÃSJPEBSTFVNUFNQPQBSBQFSNJUJSPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPT
PSHBOJTNPT/BQJTDJDVMUVSB EVSBOUFPTQSJNFJSPTDJODPNFTFTOÈPÊSFDPNFOEÃWFMRVFTFGBÉBRVBMRVFS
UJQPEFQFTDB KÃRVFEVSBOUFFTTFQFSÎPEPBNBJPSQBSUFEBTFTQÊDJFTEFQFJYFTFODPOUSBNTFFNGBTF
de crescimento acelerado.
" QFTDB UPUBM Ê P QSPDFTTP EF DBQUVSB EF UPEPT PT QFJYFT FYJTUFOUFT OB VOJEBEF EF DVMUJWP
JOEFQFOEFOUFNFOUF EP TFV UBNBOIP PV FTUÃHJP ñTJPMÓHJDP " SFTQFDUJWB VOJEBEF EF QSPEVÉÈP Ê EF
TFHVJEBMJNQB TFDBFQSFQBSBEBQBSBOPWPDJDMPEFQSPEVÉÈP
0QSPEVUPSEFWFSÃGB[FSVNQMBOFBNFOUPEFUVEPPQSFDJTBSÃQBSBRVFOÈPGBMUFNBUFSJBMOPNFNFOUP
EBDBQUVSB EFTEFPQFTTPBMBUÊPNBUFSJBMOFDFTTÃSJP%FWFSÃUFSFNDPOUBBEJTQPOJCJMJEBEFEFNBUFSJBJT
DPNPSFEFT DPOUFOUPSFT CBMEFT TBDPT DPSEBT CPUJKBTEFPYJHÊOJP HFMP FUD
$BQUVSBEFWFSÃEFDPSSFSEFNBOIÈDFEP RVBOEPPEJBBJOEBFTUÃGSFTDP
&YJTUFNWÃSJPTNÊUPEPTEFDBQUVSBOBQFTDBUPUBMNBT PTNBJTDPOIFDJEPTTÈP
a) Drenagem dos tanques
&NUBORVFTEFHSBOEFTEJNFOT×FT POEFÊEJGÎDJMGB[FSPBSSBTUPEFSFEFQBSBDBQUVSB SFDPNFOEBTF
RVFEVSBOUFBDPOTUSVÉÈPEPTNFTNPT QSFQBSFTFVNBDBJYBFNCFUÈPEFEJNFOT×FTNFOPSFT
BEKBDFOUFBPUBORVF OBQBSUFNBJTQSPGVOEBEPNFTNP QBSBPOEFTÈPFODBNJOIBEPTPTQFJYFT
EVSBOUF P QSPDFTTP EF FTWB[JBNFOUP 1PTUFSJPSNFOUF FTTFT QFJYFT TÈP SFDPMIJEPT FN DBJYBT PV
cestos.
b) Redes de arrasto
&NUBORVFTQFRVFOPT EFGPSNBUPSFHVMBSFGVOEPQMBOPÊGÃDJMBVUJMJ[BÉÈPEFTUFNÊUPEP0OÎWFMEF
ÃHVBÊSFEV[JEPFFTUJDBTFQFSQFOEJDVMBSNFOUFVNBSFEFOVNBEBTFYUSFNJEBEFTEPUBORVF BRVBMÊ
BSSBTUBEBQBSBBDBQUVSB3FDPNFOEBTFRVFPGVOEPEPTUBORVFTOÈPUFOIBPCTUÃDVMPTFTFKBSFHVMBS
(plano).
&ORVBOUPTFGB[PBSSBTUP PTQFJYFTQPEFNTFSSFDPMIJEPTFNDFTUPTPVCBMEFT QBSBOÈPTPCSFDBSSFHBS
BSFEFOPñNEPNFTNP
"OUFT EF JOJDJBS B DBQUVSB Ê JNQPSUBOUF RVF TF GBÉB B WFSJñDBÉÈP PV NBOVUFOÉÈP SFMBUJWB Æ QPTTÎWFM
FYJTUËODJBEFWB[BNFOUPTOPUBORVF EJRVFT GVOEP UVCBHFOT FUD BTTFHVSBSRVFBTFOUSBEBTFTBÎEBT
EFÃHVBOPUBORVFFTUÈPEFWJEBNFOUFQSPUFHJEBTQBSBJNQFEJSBGVHBEFQFJYFT SFUJSBSBTFSWBTEBOJOIBT
FNFYDFTTPOBTVQFSGÎDJFEPUBORVFFDPSUBSPDBQJNÆCFJSBEPUBORVF
0DPOUSPMPEFQSFEBEPSFTDPNPBWFTBRVÃUJDBT TBQPT DPCSBT MPOUSBTFPVUSPTBOJNBJT EFWFTFSNVJUP
CFNSFBMJ[BEPEFNPEPRVFFTUFTOÈPQFSUVSCFNBBDUJWJEBEF
58
0 QSPDFTTP EF EFQVSBÉÈP EPT QFJYFT Ê TJNQMFT PT QFJYFT EFWFN TFS FODBNJOIBEPT QBSB VN UBORVF
QSFGFSFODJBMNFOUFEFNBUFSJBMJNQFSNFÃWFMDPNPQMÃTUJDPPVDJNFOUP DPNÃHVBMJNQBFFNDJSDVMBÉÈP
%VSBOUFQFMPNFOPTIPSBTFTTFTQFJYFTEFWFSÈPTFSNBOUJEPTOFTTFBNCJFOUF TFNBMJNFOUBÉÈPQBSB
RVFñRVFNDPNPTJOUFTUJOPTMJNQPTFSFEV[BNPDIFJSPDBSBDUFSÎTUJDPEPTTFVTNÙTDVMPT
'JOEPFTUFQFSÎPEP PTQFJYFTQPEFNTFSDBQUVSBEPT QSPDFTTBEPTFPVDPNFSDJBMJ[BEPT
59
IV. TAMANHO DO PEIXE CAPTURADO
2VBOEPPTQFJYFTKÃOÈPDSFTDFNNBJTQPSRVFBUJOHJSBNPTFVUBNBOIPNÃYJNP DPOWÊNDBQUVSÃMPT
QPJTPTHBTUPTDPNPNBOVTFJPFDPNBSBÉÈPKÃOÈPDPNQFOTBN1PSPVUSPMBEP PUBNBOIPEPQFJYF
DBQUVSBEPEFQFOEFEPñNBRVFTFEFTUJOBBQSPEVÉÈPFEBQSFGFSËODJBEPDPOTVNJEPS1PEFNTFS
BMFWJOPTQBSBQPWPBNFOUPTEFPVUSPTUBORVFTQFJYFTQBSBDPOTVNPGSFTDPQSPEVÉÈPEFDPOTFSWBTPVU
SPTñOT
/PSNBMNFOUF RVBOEPPQFJYFBUJOHFBNBUVSJEBEFTFYVBM FMFQÃSBEFDSFTDFS"TTJN DPOIFDFOEPP
DJDMP SFQSPEVUJWP EF DBEB FTQÊDJF Ê QPTTÎWFM EFUFSNJOBS DSPOPMPHJDBNFOUF B ÊQPDB QBSB B QFTDB PV
DBQUVSBEPTQFJYFT
VI. PROCESSAMENTO
0QFJYFEFWFTFSDPOTVNJEP QSFGFSJWFMNFOUFGSFTDPNBT DPNPFTUFÊVNQSPEVUPRVFTFEFUFSJPSBDPN
60
NVJUBGBDJMJEBEFMPHPBQÓTTVBNPSUF7ÃSJBTTÈPBTUÊDOJDBTEFQSFTFSWBÉÈPEFCBJYPDVTUPRVFQPEFN
ser aplicadas.
7ÃSJPTFTUVEPTNPTUSBNRVFPQFJYFQFSNBOFDFNBJTUFNQPQSFTFSWBEPBQÓTBTVBNPSUFTFFTUBGPS
QPSDIPRVFUÊSNJDP"TTJN SFDPNFOEBTFRVFMPHPBQÓTBDBQUVSB PQFJYFTFKBDPMPDBEPBJOEBWJWPFN
SFDJQJFOUFDPNHFMPBUÊRVFNPSSB
a) Congelamento do peixe inteiroPQFJYFDPOHFMBEPEFWFTFSQSJNFJSBNFOUFMBWBEPFFTWJT
DFSBEP"TFTDBNBTEFWFNTFSNBOUJEBTQBSBBQSFTFSWBÉÈPEPDPSQPEPQFJYF
C Filetes congelados:PTñMFUFTMJWSFTEFFTQJOIBTFYJHFNNBJPSFTDVJEBEPTOPTFVQSPDFTTBNFOUP
WJTUPRVFPNÙTDVMPñDBEFTQJEPEFRVBMRVFSFTUSVUVSBEFQSPUFDÉÈP
c) SecagemPQFJYFFTWJTDFSBEPQPEFTFSTBMHBEPFTFDPBPTPMPVTFDPQPSEFGVNBÉÈPFQPTUFSJPS
mente comercializado.
d) EnlatadosPTQFJYFTFOMBUBEPTTÈPDPOTFSWBTNVJUPBQSFDJBEBTFNRVBTFUPEPPNVOEP QPSÊN
QBSBPQFRVFOPQSPEVUPSFTUFUJQPEFUSBOTGPSNBÉÈPÊNBJTDPNQMFYB
e) VíscerasBTWÎTDFSBTEPTQFJYFTTBVEÃWFJTQPEFSÈPTFSBQSPWFJUBEBTQBSBBQSPEVÉÈPEFGBSJOIBRVF
QPEFSÃFOUSBSOBDPNQPTJÉÈPEFSBÉ×FTQBSBQFJYFT
f) PeleBQFMFEPQFJYF UBMDPNPEFPVUSPTBOJNBJT UFNTJEPBQSPWFJUBEBFNBMHVOTQBÎTFTQBSBB
QSPEVÉÈPEFBSUJHPTBSUFTBOBJTFEFMVYP
61
62
&856202'8/$5'(&$3$&,7$d®2(0$*8$&8/785$
PRINCIPAIS ESPÉCIES PISCÍCOLAS CRIADAS EM
MOÇAMBIQUE E SUAS CARCTERÍSTICAS
Módulo 8
PRINCIPAIS ESPÉCIES PISCÍCOLAS CRIADAS
EM MOÇAMBIQUE E SUAS CARACTERÍSTICAS
1-"/05&.¦5*$0 NJO
**OUSPEVÉÈP
**$BSBDUFSÎTUJDBTEBTUJMÃQJBT
III. Características das carpas
63
64
I. INTRODUÇÃO
0TQFJYFTTÈPBOJNBJTBRVÃUJDPTRVF EFVNNPEPHFSBM SFBMJ[BNUPEPPTFVDJDMPEFWJEBOBÃHVB"T
FTQÊDJFTEFQFJYFTDSJBEBTFN.PÉBNCJRVFTÈPBTDIBNBEBTFTQÊDJFTUSPQJDBJTQPSRVFPTFVEFTFOWPMWJ
NFOUPNÃYJNPÊBUJOHJEPÆUFNQFSBUVSBTSFMBUJWBNFOUFNBJTBMUBT HFSBMNFOUFDPNQSFFOEJEBTFOUSF
F$
65
TFOEPPTNBDIPTJOUFJSBNFOUFQSFUPTDPNVNBNBODIBCSBODBOBHBSHBOUBFWFSNFMIPOBTFYUSFNJEBEFT
EBTCBSCBUBOBT FORVBOUPBTGËNFBTTÈPDJO[BPVBDBTUBOIBEBT"PMPOHPEPDPSQPQPEFNTFWFSTFJT
GBJYBTWFSUJDBJTJSSFHVMBSFTFTDVSBT0"EVMUPQPEFQFTBSBUÊLH FNFEJSBUÊDNEFDPNQSJNFOUP
QPEFOEPWJWFSBBOPT0DPSSFNBJTGSFRVFOUFNFOUFFNFTUVÃSJPTEPRVFFNÃHVBEPDFT
"UJMÃQJBNPÉBNCJDBOBÊUBNCÊNPNOÎWPSBFBQSFTFOUBNBJPSEJWFSTJEBEFOPTBMJNFOUPTRVFJOHFSF
SFMBUJWBNFOUF BP TFV HÊOFSP DPNP BT EJÃUPNÃDJBT BMHBT WFSEFT QFRVFOPT DSVTUÃDFPT QFRVFOPT
JOWFSUFCSBEPT NBUÊSJBTWFHFUBJTFNEFDPNQPTJÉÈP"DFJUBCFNGBSJOIBEFNJMIPDP[JEB SFTUPTEFTPKB
EFBSSP[FSFTUPTEFDPNJEB"MJNFOUBTFEVSBOUFUPEPPEJB NBTBBDUJWJEBEFNÃYJNBÊOPIPSÃSJPEF
QJDPEBUFNQFSBUVSBEBÃHVBRVFHFSBMNFOUFÊFOUSFBTIPSBTFBTIPSBT"OPJUFBCTUÊNTF
EFTFBMJNFOUBS©UFNQFSBUVSBTBCBJYPEF$ PBQFUJUFñDBFYUSFNBNFOUFSFEV[JEP BVNFOUBPSJTDP
EFDPOUSBJSEPFOÉBTFQÃSBEFDSFTDFSÆUFNQFSBUVSBTJOGFSJPSFTB$
" UJMÃQJB NPÉBNCJDBOB Ê VNB FTQÊDJF RVF UPMFSB VNB HSBOEF WBSJBÉÈP EF UFNQFSBUVSBT DPOUVEP Ê
NFOPTUPMFSBOUFBPGSJPRVFBUJMÃQJBEP/JMP5FNQFSBUVSBTÓQUJNBTQBSBPDSFTDJNFOUPWBSJBNFOUSF
$FPT$0DPOGPSUPUÊSNJDPEFTUFTBOJNBJTWBSJBFOUSFBP$
6NBDBSBDUFSÎTUJDBNBSDBOUFEFTUBFTQÊDJFÊBTVBHSBOEFUPMFSÄODJBÆNÃRVBMJEBEFEBÃHVBDPNPBBMUB
TBMJOJEBEF QPEFOEPTPCSFWJWFSBx BOÎWFJTEFPYJHÊOJPEF NH-FQ)EFB
66
$ZQSJOVTDBSQJP FBDBSQBDBQJN $UFOPQIBSZOHPEPOJEFMMB
Cyprinus carpio"DBSQBDPNVNOBTVBGPSNBTFMWBHFNÊDBSBDUFSJ[BEBQPSBQSFTFOUBSVNBDPS
WFSEFB[FJUPOBOBSFHJÈPEPSTBMEPDPSQPFBNBSFMBEBOBSFHJÈPMBUFSBMFOBCBSSJHBFDBCFÉBNBJTQFRVFOB
$POUVEP BHFSBÉÈPEFIÎCSJEPTUPSOBBTDPSFTNVJUPWBSJÃWFJT$PMPSBÉÈPFQSPQPSÉÈPTÈPWBSJÃWFJT F
BTFTDBNBTTÈPTFNQSFHSBOEFTFHSPTTBTDPCSJOEPUPEPPDPSQP1PTTVFNVNQBSEFCBSCJMI×FTOPT
DBOUPTEBCPDB BRVBMÊUFSNJOBMOPTJOEJWÎEVPTBEVMUPT FTVCUFSNJOBMFNJOEJWÎEVPTKPWFOT"FTQÊDJF
QPTTVJVNBFTQJOIBEPSTBMTFSSJMIBEB1PEFNBUJOHJSBNBUVSJEBEFDPNNFTFT DN 0TNBDIPTTÈP
EJGFSFODJBEPTEBTGËNFBTQPSBQSFTFOUBSFNVNBHSBOEFCBSCBUBOBWFOUSBM
"EFTPWBOBDBSQBDPNVNPDPSSFFOUSFBNFJBOPJUFFPBNBOIFDFS NBTTFBTDPOEJÉ×FTGPSFNGBWPSÃWFJT
QPEFEFTPWBSEVSBOUFUPEPPEJB"QSFTFOÉBEFWFHFUBÉÈPEFOTBÊUBNCÊNVNFTUÎNVMPQBSBBEFTPWB
KÃRVFPTPWPTTÈPBEFTJWPTFQSFDJTBNEFVNTVCTUSBUPDPNNVJUBTQMBOUBT0TPWPTRVFDBFNOPMPEP
UPSOBNTFJOWJÃWFJT-PHPEFQPJTEBGFSUJMJ[BÉÈP PTPWPTDPMBNTFÆTQMBOUBTBTTFHVSBOEPBQFSNBOËODJB
FNÃHVBGSFTDB©$PTPWPTGFSUJMJ[BEPTOFDFTTJUBNEFIPSBTQBSBJODVCBSFFDMPEJSNBT Æ
$TÈPOFDFTTÃSJBTBQFOBTIPSBTQBSBBTVBFDMPTÈP
"BMJNFOUBÉÈPOBUVSBMEBDBSQBDPNVNÊP[PPQMÄODUPOKVWFOJMFQFRVFOPTBOJNBJTEFGVOEPDPNP
NJOIPDBT MBSWBT EF JOTFDUPT QFRVFOPT NPMVTDPT F BUÊ BMHVOT EFUSJUPT RVBOEP BEVMUB 1PS TFS VNB
FTQÊDJFPNOÎWPSB FNDBUJWFJSP BDFJUBCFNBMJNFOUPTBSUJñDJBJT EFTEFRVFQBTUPTPTBTTJNDPNPGPMIBT
UFOSBT"MJNFOUBTFEVSBOUFUPEPPEJBNBT NPTUSBNBJPSBDUJWJEBEFBPOBTDFSFBPQÔSEPTPM
4PCSFWJWFÆTUFNQFSBUVSBTFOUSF$F$"PT$BUJOHFPNBJPSDSFTDJNFOUPNBTQÃSBEFDSFTDFS
RVBOEPBUFNQFSBUVSBEFTDFBCBJYPEF$3FQSPEV[TFBUFNQFSBUVSBTEF$ FNÃHVBTQPVDP
QSPGVOEBTFOÈPTFBMJNFOUBBCBJYPEF$
NBJTTFOTÎWFMÆFTDBTTF[EFPYJHÊOJPEPRVFBTUJMÃQJBT NBTSFTJTUFQPSBMHVNUFNQPDPNNFOPTNHM
QPEFOEPTFSDSJBEPFNÃHVBTQBSBEBT
67
68