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2018 Welded Machinery Base
2018 Welded Machinery Base
Zsolt Tiba
Design Guidance
2018
0
Contents
WELDED MACHINERY BASE DESIGNING TASK ............................................................ 2
1. Machinery base installations .................................................................................................. 5
1.1. Construction requirements .............................................................................................. 8
1.2. Machinery base construction ........................................................................................... 8
2. Construction principles ........................................................................................................ 14
2.1. Welding design .............................................................................................................. 14
2.2. Constructions of structural members ............................................................................. 14
3. Welded joints........................................................................................................................ 17
4. Dimensioning of the machinery base ................................................................................... 19
5. Load consideration, stressing ............................................................................................... 21
6. Corrosion protection ............................................................................................................. 21
7. Appendixes ........................................................................................................................... 23
Electric motors ..................................................................................................................... 23
Flanged flexible coupling ..................................................................................................... 25
Flanged flexible coupling with brake drum ......................................................................... 26
Single-stage helical gearbox................................................................................................. 28
Double-stage bevel-helical gearbox ..................................................................................... 29
Single stage undertype worm gearbox ................................................................................. 30
Single stage undertype worm gearbox with helical gear drive ............................................ 31
Pumps ................................................................................................................................... 32
Ventilators ............................................................................................................................ 35
8. References ............................................................................................................................ 37
1
MACHINE ELEMENT I.
Design a welded machinery base applicable for fixing the equipment group on it and the
machinery base to the basement. The machines of the equipment group can be selected
according to the given task number.
Begin the design with making three free hand sketches presenting different constructions. They
may be constructed from eg.: hot rolled steel, cold finished steel profiles and cold finished steel
sheet or the combination of them. Aim the construction to be simple in design and
manufacturing taking account the requirements needed. Do not perform any stressing and
vibration analysis.
Elaborate the assembly drawing of one of the three constructions selected by the instructor on
a paper sheet. Apply appropriate scale to allow dimensioning the base frame and presenting its
details.
The assembly drawing shall contain views and sectional views necessary to give overall,
connecting and tolerated dimensions, to show the welding joints and its dimensions. Draw the
equipment group (motor, coupling, gear, pump or fan) with thin line on the main view of the
machinery base.
Give prescriptions regarding the welding joints and corrosion protection. Complete the title
block with the parts list and give the necessary data regarding the material, dimension and
standard number of them.
Although the drawings are made by pensile pay attention to applying the proper line
thicknesses.
Comment:
The first figure of the task number refers to the equipment group should be assembled, the
second one gives the type and the dimension of the machines can be chosen from the Table 1.
http://www.metalreference.com/index1.html
http://www.tmtco.com/products/beam.html
http://www.fullermetric.com/index.aspx
http://delsteelinc.com/index.php?cPath=69
http://www.dla.hu/data/dla-profil.pdf
http://www.dunaferr.hu/english/cold_bent_steel_4.pdf
http://www.nan-long.com/FASTENER.HTM
http://www.deepri.com/din_specifications/index.html
http://www.conexmetals.com/downloads.htm
http://www.vermis-trade.hu/docs/katalogus_vermis_trade.pdf
2
Task Motor type Coupling Driven machine
number
Type Sign Type Sign
Number
Type
4. 1. CZD 90 S 41 Worm 80
coupling
7. CZD 225 M 65 63
6. 1. CZD 90 L 28 DT32/1
2. CZD 100 L 42 DT32/7
3. CZD 112 M 55 DT32/14
4. CZD 132 S 28 DT40/1
„DT” sign pump
4
Welded machinery base
Design, stressing, construction procedures and considerations
When designing a steel construction like a welded machinery base, the following details have
to be clarified:
- task and operation requirements,
- construction in terms of producibleness, machinability, cost-effectiveness,
- load of the machinery base and stressing consideration.
A machinery base is used for fixing the equipment group on it and the base frame to the
basement. It may be fabricated by casting or constructed from eg.: hot rolled steel, cold finished
steel profiles and cold finished steel sheet or the combination of them. The construction should
be simple in design and it should need only a few machining.
Figure 1.1
Fig. 1.2 shows a welded construction frame carrying a machine unit with centrifugal pump.
5
Figure 1.2
Fig. 1.3 shows an example for a frame can be hauled like a sledge. The pump driven by an
internal combustion engine may be applied as transportable equipment in flood control.
Figure 1.3
6
The shaft height of the fan differs essentially from that of the motor in Fig. 1.4. Accordingly
the motor is placed on a lifted out part of the frame.
Figure 1.4
Fig. 1.5 shows a double-stage helical gearbox driven by an electric motor. The rotating parts
are equipped with protecting cover.
Figure 1.5
7
1.1. Construction requirements
The machinery base has to provide for the coaxiality of the centre lines of the prime mover and
the coupled machine. Depending on the height difference between the shafts it may be achieved
by a stepped construction. The coaxilarity of the coupled shafts during operation is provided by
the rigidity of the framework. The bearing areas of the frame where the machines are assembled
are in general machined if its overall dimension doesn’t exceed the size of 1000x1000 mm. The
height differences of the machined surfaces and their parallelism are tolerated by IT10 - IT12.
For requiring the least machined bearing surface normally bosses (pads) are welded to the frame
to be bearing surface. In the case of grater sizes thin gauge sheets are applied for adjusting the
shafts to be collinear. For fixing the base frame to the basement DIN 529 anchor bolts with DIN
934 hex nuts may be used.
8
Figure 1.7 Corner truss construction
A very stiff machinery base shown in Fig. 1.7 is built up from cold finished steel sheet.
9
Figure 1.9 Offset construction
For light and smaller machine unit slender frame constructions may be applied, see Fig. 1.10
built up from U profile, box strut and flat bar, and Fig. 1.11 for achieving greater stiffness
10
Figure 1.11 Slender construction with U profile
Fig. 1.12 shows a stepped construction where the required height difference is implemented by
the clipped U profile. It may be applied for moderate height differences.
11
For significant height differences eg. driving a fan blower (see Fig. 1.3) two-deck base can be
designed. The bottom carriage may be any construction mentioned before however the top
deck is built up from hot or cold rolled plate, see Fig. 1.13.
12
rolled plate is shown in Fig. 1.15 and applying U profile as well is shown in Fig. 1.16. The
desired stiffness of the frame is implemented by cross braces in both cases.
13
2. Construction principles
Machinery base may be produced either by casting or by welding. Although both have their
relative advantages and disadvantages, choice between casting and welding is often decided by
cost. Casting is generally more economical if the part is to be produced in quantity because of
the cost of patterns required for casting. However, welding is often advantageous when only a
relatively few pieces are to be produced.
The production of welded construction made of standardized rolled structural members (beams,
channels, angles, etc.) is relatively simple. These structural members are produced in
standardized length and after cutting into the application size the members may be connected
together to create the base frame. The following figures show examples how to connect
different profiles in different sizes; and the necessary connecting edge preparations [2].
14
Crossbeam connections
15
U profiles (same height)
16
Figure 2.2 Corner connections
3. Welded joints
There are a lot of welds and welded joints appropriate for fixing the members. However the
cheapest welded joint is the fillet weld. For common application without special requirements
it is applied for making lapping, tee and corner joint.
When applying butt weld eg. V weld, the necessary edges of the connecting parts must be
machined prior to welding which is relatively expensive and sometimes requires special
machine tools.
The butt weld size of a butt joint should equal the thickness of the thinner part. In the case of
fillet weld, the minimal weld size is 3 mm, the maximal one is 0.7s, where s is the thickness of
the thinner part. The symbols of welds and joints can be found in Fig. 3.1 and 3.2.
17
Figure 3.1
18
Figure 3.2
19
A A
( )
Figure 4.1 Dimensioning of the frame parts
b
d
h
g c e a
O
j
l
( )
b
d
j
f
h
l
g c e a
6. Corrosion protection
The most commonly applied corrosion protection of the welded bases is the painting. The
contamination (rust, oil, grease, dust, …) has to be removed or cleaned from the surface. This
procedure is called surface pretreatment comprising rust removal and degreasing. The service
life of the coating depends fundamentally on the grade of the pretreatment. Protective coating
contains primer, interstage and cover coat in some layers. The grades of rust removal from the
surface are compiled in the Table 6.1 [1].
21
Table 6.1 Grades of rust removal
Grade of Description Condition of the surface
rust removal
K0 Clean to The rust is completely removed from the surface. After
metal dedusting the surface has uniformly metal polish.
K1 Clean metal The rust removal is limited. After dedusting the
surface surface contains rusty stains in seizings.
K2 Moderate The rust removal is limited. After dedusting the
clean surface is mat and contains rusty stains.
K3 Moderate The rust removal is limited. After dedusting the
rusty surface surface is mat and contains metal polish stains.
The grades of the different adherent contaminations and their explanation are compiled in the
Table 6.2 [1].
Table 6.2 Surface conditions
Condition of the surface
Grade According to the adherent contaminations
TO No impurities on the surface proved by water spreading and chemical
reaction test and wiping with filter paper respectively.
TX Impurities on the surface can be detected only by water spreading test.
TY Impurities on the surface can be detected only by chemical reaction test.
TZ Impurities on the surface can be detected only by water spreading and
chemical reaction test.
TG Only neutrality water can be detected on the surface.
22
7. Appendixes
Electric motors
Size Pole A AA AB AC AD B BA BB d E L H HA K L
71 2-4-6 112 31 150 145 118 90 32 115 14 45 30 71 5 7 245
80 2-4 125 28 160 158 130 100 32 125 19 50 40 80 10 10x13 277
90S 2-4-6 140 28 175 177 140 100 32 125 24 56 50 90 10 10x13 312
90L 2-4-6 140 28 175 177 140 125 38 150 24 56 50 90 10 10x13 337
100L 2-4-6 160 38 196 199 157 140 38 170 28 63 60 100 14 12x16 375
112M 2-4-6 190 48 220 220 168 140 48 170 28 70 60 112 17 12x16 397
132S 2-4-6 216 58 252 261 187 140 60 175 38 89 80 132 18 12x16 460
132M 2-4-6 216 58 252 261 187 178 60 215 38 89 80 132 18 12x16 498
160M 2-4-6 254 64 320 330 265 210 70 250 42 108 110 160 23 14x19 665
23
160L 2-4-6 254 64 320 330 265 254 70 294 42 108 110 160 23 14x19 685
180M 2-4-6 279 75 350 380 280 241 65 319 48 121 110 180 26 14x19 730
180L 2-4-6 279 75 350 380 280 279 65 319 48 121 110 180 26 14x19 775
200L 2-4-6 318 80 395 420 315 305 75 355 55 133 110 200 28 18x25 785
225S 4 356 90 436 465 335 286 70 371 60 149 140 225 30 18x25 840
225M 2-4-6 356 90 436 465 335 311 70 425 60 149 140 225 30 18x25 860
250M 2 406 95 495 520 375 349 105 425 60 168 140 250 35 24x33 940
250M 4-6 406 95 495 520 375 349 105 425 65 168 140 250 35 24x33 945
280S 2 457 136 550 570 405 368 105 429 65 190 140 280 40 24x33 970
280S 4-6 457 136 550 570 405 368 105 429 75 190 140 280 40 24x33 975
280M 2 457 136 550 570 405 419 105 480 65 190 140 280 40 24x33 1010
280M 4-6 457 136 550 570 405 419 105 480 75 190 140 280 40 24x33 1015
315S 2 508 140 630 620 500 406 130 489 65 216 140 315 40 28x49 1160
315S 4-6 508 140 630 620 500 406 130 489 80 216 170 315 40 28x49 1190
315M 2 508 140 630 620 500 457 130 540 65 216 140 315 40 28x49 1270
315M 4-6 508 140 630 620 500 457 130 540 80 216 170 315 40 28x49 1300
315L 2 508 140 630 620 500 508 130 591 65 216 140 315 40 28x49 1270
315L 4-6 508 140 630 620 500 508 130 591 80 216 170 315 40 28x49 1300
355M 2 610 170 735 700 645 560 190 645 75 254 140 355 45 28x49 1500
355M 4-6 610 170 735 700 645 560 190 645 100 254 210 355 45 28x49 1630
355L 2 610 170 735 700 645 630 190 715 75 254 140 355 45 28x49 1500
355L 4-6 610 170 735 700 645 630 190 715 100 254 210 355 45 28x49 1630
24
Flanged flexible coupling
25
Flanged flexible coupling with brake drum
26
Flexible coupling DITEK
Sign d1 d2 d3 d4 l l1 l2 l3 l4 l5
Pre- H7
bore min. max.
24 9 10 24 25 40 55 138 60 18 14 16 50
28 11 12 28 29 45 62 180 80 20 16 18 70
32 11 12 32 33 52 70 182 80 22 18 20 70
38 16 17 38 39 6O 84 244 110 24 19 21,5 99
42 16 17 42 43 68 92 246 110 26 21 23,5 98
48 19 20 48 49 76 105 248 10O 28 23 25,5 98
55 19 20 55 56 88 120 313 140 33 24 28,5 128
60 24 25 60 64 96 130 315 140 35 26 30,5 127
65 26 28 65 66 104 142 318 140 38 29 33,5 126
75 32 34 75 76 120 165 324 14O 44 33 38,5 124
85 42 44 85 86 136 185 388 170 48 37 42,5 153
100 60 62 100 101 160 220 414 180 54 42 48 160
110 70 72 110 111 176 240 460 200 60 47 53,5 178
125 85 87 125 126 200 275 465 200 65 5O 57,5 175
140 100 102 140 141 224 310 470 200 70 55 62,5 173
160 12O 122 160 161 255 360 520 220 80 65 72,5 19O
27
E. 31.35 HAFE
Single-stage helical gearbox
28
E. 22 .35 HAFE
Double-stage bevel-helical gearbox
29
N. 41.65 HAFE
Single stage undertype worm gearbox
Sign H1 H2 H3 d1 L1 E1 d2 L2 E2 B C F K O M N S Mass
[mm] [kg]
80 80 160 280 22 50 110 40 110 100 170 190 160 80 14 20 155 140 37
100 125 225 360 35 80 140 45 110 125 230 240 200 120 18 30 195 200 60
125 125 250 410 35 80 160 55 110 135 260 250 210 135 18 30 210 220 85
160 165 325 525 40 110 205 60 110 155 330 300 250 170 24 35 265 280 150
200 200 400 625 45 110 240 80 170 195 400 350 300 210 24 40 305 350 250
250 250 500 780 60 140 300 90 170 205 520 420 360 250 26 45 380 440 400
30
HN.41.65 HAFE
Single stage undertype worm gearbox with helical gear drive
Sign H1 H2 H3 E1 d1 L1 d2 L2 E2 B C F K O M N S Mass
[mm] [kg]
100 205 225 360 250 35 80 45 110 125 230 240 200 120 18 30 195 200 78
125 205 250 410 265 35 80 55 110 135 260 250 210 135 18 30 210 220 104
160 265 325 525 335 40 110 60 110 155 330 300 250 170 24 35 265 280 170
200 300 400 625 370 45 110 80 170 195 400 360 300 210 24 40 305 360 270
250 375 500 780 490 60 140 90 170 205 520 420 360 250 26 45 380 440 430
31
Pumps
Sign b1 b2 d1 d2 e1 e2 e3 h1 h2 l1 l2 l3 l4 l5 s1
Bü 4 200 95 15 11 132 18,5 70 230 95 234,5 157,5 40 154 80,5 12
6,3 240 110 20 11 148 21,5 85 288 112 266 180 50 172 94 14
10 266 120 25 14 164 29 85 350 132 307 210 60 194 113 16
32
Sign b1 b2 d1 d2 e1 e2 e3 h1 h2 l1 l2 l3 l4 l5 s1
Bü 16 320 190 35 18 192 42 140 426 180 375 250 80 232 134 18
25 320 190 35 18 230 42 140 426 180 414 269 80 270 134 18
40 400 235 50 18 245 53 190 505 212 466 305 90 295 158 22
63 400 235 50 18 305 53 190 505 212 526 335 90 355 158 22
33
Sign Stage Mass DN1 DN2 A E F1, H1 H2 L3 L4 B D3 i1, L5, L7, M1 M3 N1 N2 S d1, L1,
[kg] F2 i2 L6 L8 d2 L2
DT 1 42 40 32 152 71 239 132 152 168 549 65 14 75 100 139 271 60 186 136 14 25 71
32 7 72 329 807 529
14 117 630 1108 830
DT 1 63 50 40 174 78 231 160 174 161 540 64 14 80 104 126 286 60 224 14 25 69
40 6 108 353 815 561 175
12 162 683 1145 891
DT 1 85 65 50 190 89 240 160 190 173 569 65 14 86 112 126 313 60 250 200 15 30 69
50 5 137 337 817 561
9 189 585 1065 809
DT 1 113 80 65 215 109 257 180 215 193 623 75 14 93 118 137 345 60 290 240 16 35 69
65
4 170 322 836 558
7 227 535 1049 771
34
Ventilators
35
Sign A B C D E F G H1 K L O P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 T1 T2 V d1 d l
VH-35,5 175 270 237 260 364,5 299,5 429,5 310 130 360 292,5 395 - . 120 235 90 - 40 12 24 50
VH-40 200 305 263 295 410 336 484 350 150 405 329,5 444 - - 132,5 266 102,5 - 40 14 28 60
VH-45 225 345 295,5 324 460,5 377,5 543,5 390 170 521,5 369 494 - - 195 328 115 - 40 14 28 60
VH-56 280 430 368,5 400 573,5 470,5 676,5 480 208 549 459,5 604 - - 223 328 143 - 40 14 28 60
VH-63 315 480 413 446 664,5 528,5 760,5 540 235,5 624,5 518 345 315 451 260,5 370 - 490 40 14 38 80
VH-71 355 540 466,5 500 727 596 858 610 261,5 709 585,5 385 355 493 280,5 441 - 561 50 18 38 80
VH-80 400 610 524 562 819 671 967 690 199 846,5 659 500 475 507 271 593 - 685 50 23 42 110
VH-90 450 690 590 633 921 755 1087 780 334 963 739 562 540 560 299 652 - 750 50 23 42 110
VH-100 500 770 656 702 1023 839 1207 860 369 988 819 620 620 618 324 655 - 760 50 23 48 110
VH-112 560 860 735 789 1146 940 1352 960 415 1139 918 705 695 694 369 746 - 860 50 23 48 110
36
8. References
[1] Tóth Laboncz J.: Hegesztett alapkeretek. Tervezési segédlet YMMF 1990.
[2] István HERCZEG: Szerkesztési Atlasz Műszaki Könyvkiadó, Budapest 1980. ISBN: 963 10 0790 1
37