Contents

Author’s Note xi
Note to Instructors xii
List of Abbreviations xiii

Part 1 Understanding Morphology 1

AL
1 Defining Morphology3
0. Preliminaries 3

RI
1. Wordhood 4
2. Doing Morphology 6

TE
3. Theories of Morphology 11
4. Conclusions 13
MA
5. Organization of This book 13
Concepts, Ideas, Rules, and Principles Introduced in This Chapter 13
Further Reading 15
General Problem Sets 16
D

Challenge Problem Sets 19

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2 Types of Morphemes20
0. Preliminaries 20
GH

1. General Types of Morphemes 21

2. Morphological Universals 26
3. Category 27
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4. Glossing Conventions 32
5. The Morphological Process 34
PY

6. Conclusions 37
Concepts, Ideas, Rules and Principles Introduced in This Chapter 38
CO

Further Reading 39
General Problem Sets 40
Challenge Problem Sets 43

3 Basic Morphology Analysis44

0. Preliminaries 44
1. Sources of Data 45
2. Approaching the Data 46
viii Contents

3. Basic Morphological Analysis 50

4. Conclusions 56
Concepts, Ideas, Rules, and Principles Introduced in This Chapter 56
Further Reading 57
General Problem Sets 57
Challenge Problem Sets 59

4 Morphophonology60
0. Preliminaries 60
1. Defining Phonology 60
2. Basic Concepts in Phonology 61
3. Defining Morphophonology 74
4. Conclusions 78
Concepts, Ideas, Rules, and Principles Introduced in This Chapter 79
Further Reading 80
General Problem Sets 81
Challenge Problem Sets 83

5 Advanced Morphological Analysis85

0. Preliminaries 85
1 Syllable Structure 86
2 Markedness 91
3 Dissimilation 93
4 Pivots: Reduplication and Infixation 95
5 Conclusions 98
Concepts, Ideas, Rules and Principles Introduced in This Chapter 99
General Problem Sets 100
Further Reading 99
Challenge Problem Sets 105

Part 2 Building a Framework 107

6 Features109
0. Preliminaries 109
1. Features and the Subset Principle 110
2. Impoverishment 118
3. Defining and Constraining Features 120
4. Doing Featural Analysis 126
5. Conclusions 132
Concepts, Ideas, Rules, and Principles Introduced in This Chapter 133
Further Reading 135
General Problem Sets 135
Challenge Problem Sets 137
 Contents ix

7 Morphology and Syntax143

0. Preliminaries 143
1. Syntax 144
2. A Generative Lexicon and the Mirror Principle 146
3. Morphology as Syntax 147
4. Syntactic Operations 156
5. Post-­Syntactic Morphological Operations 159
6. Conclusions 169
Concepts, Ideas, Rules and Principles Introduced in This Chapter 169
Further Reading 171
General Problem Sets 171
Challenge Problem Sets 173

8 Lexical Semantics176
0. Preliminaries 176
1. Lexical Semantics and Structure 176
2. Argument Structure 183
3. Conclusions 185
Concepts, Ideas, Rules and Principles Introduced in This Chapter 186
Further Reading 186
General Problem Sets 187
Challenge Problem Sets 187

9 Root and Pattern Morphology190

0 Preliminaries 190
1 A Tiered Approach 192
2 Root and Pattern in the Syntax 194
3 Conclusions 197
Concepts, Ideas, Rules, and Principles Introduced in This Chapter 198
Further Reading 198
General Problem Sets 198
Challenge Problem Sets 200

10 Incorporation and Compounding201

0. Preliminaries 201
1. Incorporation 202
2. Compounding 204
3. Conclusions 207
Concepts, Ideas, Rules and Principles Introduced in This Chapter 207
Further Reading 207
General Problem Sets 208
Challenge Problem Sets 210
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11 Non-­compositionality211
0. Preliminaries 211
1. Defining Non-­Compositionality 212
2. Deriving Non-­Compositionality 214
3. Expanding the Model 216
4. Conclusions 220
Concepts, Ideas, Rules, and Principles Introduced in This Chapter 220
Further Reading 220
General Problem Sets 221
Challenge Problem Sets 223

12 Concluding Remarks224
0. Distributed Morphology and Linguistic Theory 224
Final Model of Distributed Morphology 227
Problems and Discussion 228
Further Reading 230

IPA Quick Guide 240

Language Glossary 242
Glossary266
References277
Index287