SPIRAL FLOW METHOD

The spiral model is a systems development lifecycle (SDLC) method used for risk
management. the spiral model enables gradual releases and refinement of a product
through each phase of the spiral as well as the ability to build prototypes at each
phase. The most important feature of the model is its ability to manage unknown risks
after the project has commenced; creating a prototype makes this feasible.

Uses of the spiral model

As mentioned before, the spiral model is best used in large, expensive and complicated projects.
Other uses include:
 projects in which frequent releases are necessary;
 projects in which changes may be required at any time;
 long term projects that are not feasible due to altered economic priorities;
 medium to high risk projects;
 projects in which cost and risk analysis is important;
 projects that would benefit from the creation of a prototype; and
 projects with unclear or complex requirements.

Benefits of the spiral model

 Spiral model is a great option for large, complex projects.
 The progressive nature of the model allows developers to break a big project into smaller
pieces and tackle one feature at a time, ensuring nothing is missed.
 Flexibility -
 Risk handling -
 Customer satisfaction

Limitations of the spiral model

Limitations of the spiral model include:
 High cost -
 Dependence on risk analysis
 Complexity -.
 Hard to manage time –

IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES
There are four different process improvement strategies:
1. Modernization
2. Optimization
3. Standardization
4. Automation
1. Modernize Processes
Modernizing processes refers to extracting processes from limiting legacy
environments and then re-platforming them onto more efficient, modern
technologies.

2. Optimize Processes
As a process improvement strategy, optimizing processes refers to leveraging
predictive analytics and simulation capabilities—for example, simulating changes
to resources, costs, execution times, etc., to tune and optimize improvements
before they’re implemented.

In a strong BPA practice, processes are optimized continually or at some regular

cadence, and this applies to all processes, whether they be manual, automated,
or outsourced.
3. Standardize Processes
Standardizing processes is an improvement strategy that aims to drive
consistency, improve quality, and increase process execution times.

Organizations are finding success with process standardization by reusing

processes and process components.. The practice of reusing processes or
process components has many benefits, like reducing the volume of processes
you need to manage and govern while increasing returns with marginal
investment.

Reuse fits into standardization because you’re reusing processes that have been
vetted, tested, approved, tuned, and proven to deliver value. A good BPA solution
will also empower you to reuse process components, so you can shift into a mode
of assembling processes from standard components instead of authoring them
from scratch, enabling you to increase quality, consistency, and speed all at once.

3. Automation

Automation is the incorporation of technology into your business

processes to eliminate the need for employees to perform repetitive
tasks that add little value. Automation can save time because it helps
eliminate inconsistencies or bottlenecks to improve your processes.
After identifying what tasks are causing these issues, consider
seeking technological solutions that can help you fix inefficiencies.

Technology has also made gathering data much easier, so when you
are improving your processes, consider automated tools that can help
you gather and organize information. They can also ease
communication, schedule meetings with team members and help you
organize your plans.

Life-cycle assessment
Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is a process of evaluating the effects that a product has on the environment
over the entire period of its life thereby increasing resource-use efficiency and decreasing liabilities.

Cradle-to-cradle
Cradle-to-cradle is a concept often referred to within the Circular Economy. It is a
variation of cradle-to-grave, exchanging the waste stage with a recycling process that
makes it reusable for another product, essentially “closing the loop”. This is why it is
also referred to as closed-loop recycling.

Cradle-to-grave

When you analyze a product’s impact along the 5 product lifecycle steps – this is
called cradle-to-grave. Cradle being the inception of the product with the sourcing of the
raw materials, grave being the disposal of the product. Transportation is mentioned as
step 3, but can, in reality, occur in between all steps