Biology Paper 2, Nov/Dec 2010

Question 1
1. (a) List the bones that make up the:
(i) axial skeleton;
(ii) appendicular skeleton. [8 marks]

(b) State two functions each of the skeletons named in I (a)(i) above. [4 marks]
(c) A pregnant woman has been advised to take iron and calcium supplements.

What is the importance of each of these supplements to the woman?[4 marks]

(d) (i) Name the vitamins associated with the absorption of calcium [1 marks]
(ii) List two deficiency symptoms of the vitamin named in 1 (d)(i) above [2 marks]
(iii) Name one source of the vitamins named in 1 (d)(i) above [4 marks]

Question 2
(a)(i) What is sexual reproduction? [3 marks]
(ii) Name four organs in mammals that produce sex hormones [4 marks]
(iii) Name one sex hormone produced by each of the organs named in 2(a)(i) [4 marks]

(b) In a tabular form outline three differences between reproductions in lizards and birds.
[3 marks]

( c) (i) How are identical twins forms in humans? [3 marks]

(ii) State three characteristics features of identical twins.[3 marks]
Question 3
(a) Explain the following terms giving two examples of each:
(i) decomposers;
(ii) scavengers. [9 marks]
(b) (i) Name the major source of energy in an ecosystem. [1 mark]
(ii) Which group of organisms receives the most amount of energy in an ecosystem?
(iii) Give reasons for your answer in 3(b)(ii) above. [6 marks]
(c) Construct a detritus food chain consisting of four organisms. [ 4 marks]
Question 4
(a) Explain the following terms:
(i) test cross;
(ii) allele;
(iii) albinism;
(iv) Sex linkage [8 marks]

(b) A man with normal vision married a woman who is a carrier of colour blindness.
With the aid of genetic diagrams determine the likely status of their offspring. [6 marks]

(c) Outline hamarck's theory of evolution. [6 marks]

Question 7
(a) Defme the term osmosis. [3 marks]
(b) State two ways each in which osmosis is of importance to:

(i) plants;
(ii) animals. [4marks]

(c) A normal terrestrial plant was watered daily with a hypertonic solution for about seven (7)
days.
It was discovered that the plant was not doing well. Explain why. [5 marks]

(d) (i)Explain briefly how marine organisms overcome the problem of high salinity in their environment?
(ii) List four examples of organisms found in the benthic zone of a marine habitat. [ 4 marks]

Question 8

(a) The diagram below is a student's illustration of the carbon cycle. Study it carefully and use it to
answer questions 8(a) (i) and (ii).

(i) List two things that are wrong with the diagram [2 marks]
(ii) Explain the implication of the errors on the ecosystem. [2 marks]
(b) State six functions of public health authorities [2 marks]
( c) (i) What is immunization? [2 marks]
(ii) State two reasons why immunization of children is important [2 marks]
Biology Paper 3,Nov/Dec 2010

Question 1
Study the diagram below and use it to answer questions l(a) to l(e)

(i) Identify the instrument in the diagram

…………………………………………........................................................................................... [1 mark ]

Name the parts labelled I to VI:

I…………………………………………… IV……………………………………

II. ………………………………………… V.…………………………………

III. ………………………………………… VI.………………………………… [ 3 marks]

(b) (i) Outline the process for taking readings with the instrument.

………………………………………………………………………………… …

…………………………………………………………………………………… [7 marks]

(ii) State two precautions necessary to get correct readings in the experimental set-up .

…………………………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[2 marks]
(c) (i) What is the limitation of using this instrument?

………………………………………………………………………… ……. [ 2 mark]

(ii) State two other methods that can be used to measure the process taking place in the part labelled I in the
diagram.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 2 marks]

(d) List four factors that can affect the process being measured

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[ 4 mark]

(e) State the importance of the process being measured in nature.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [4 marks]
Question 2
The diagrams labelled I, II and III below are illustration of fingerprints of three individuals.
Study the diagrams and use them to answer questions 2(a) to 2 (b).
Diagrams:

I III

(a) (i) Which type of variation is represented by the diagrams?

…………………………………………...........................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2 mark ]
(ii) Classify diagrams I, II and III

I ......................................................................................................

II ......................................................................................................

III .....................................................................................................[3 mark ]

(iii) Give the reasons for your classifications in 2(a)(ii) above

............................................................................................................[ 1 mark ]

(b) State and explain the application of this variation

…………………………………………………………………………………........................................

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

..............................................................................................................

................................................................................................................. [5 marks]

(c) The genetic diagram below is that of a tall cowpea plant which was crossed with a dwarf cowpea plant.
Study the diagram and use it to answer questions 2( c) to 2( d)

TT X tt -IV
-V

-VI

Key - T - Tallness
t - Shortness

(i) What do the labels IV, V and VI represent in the diagram?

IV. ................................................……………………………………………………………………………….

V. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

VI. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 3 marks]

(ii) What is the genotype of the individuals in VI?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[ 1 mark]

(iii) Which of the Mendelian laws of inheritance does the diagram represent?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [4 marks]
(d) (i) Using a genetic diagram illustrate a self cross between two of the individuals labelled VI

(ii) Assuming that 400 offspring arise from the cross in 2( d)(i) above, deduce how many of them will be tall?

.....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................. [ 3
mark ]
Question 4
Study the diagrams below on a water culture experiment using young maize plants and use it to answer
questions 4(a) to 4(e).

Diagram

(a) (i) Name the parts labelled I to VI in diagram B

I. .............................................................. IV. ...........................................................

II. ............................................................. V. ...........................................................

III. ............................................................ VI. .............................................................[3

marks]

(ii) What is the function of the part labelled IV?

..........................................................................................................................................
...........

........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(iii) What is the importance of pumping air into the part labelled VI?

..........................................................................................................................................
...........

........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(b) (i) Name four major inorganic ions that will be contained in the part labelled VI in diagram B.

..........................................................................................................................................
...........

..........................................................................................................................................
........

..........................................................................................................................................
...........

........................................................................................................................................
[4 marks]

(ii) Outline the process by which the effect of one of the major inorganic ions named in 4(b)(i) above on the
maize plant can be investigated .
Biology Paper 2,Nov/Dec 2011
Question 1

(a) (i) What is Primary growth in flowering plants [ 2 marks ]

(ii) State four ways in which primary growth is of importance to plants [4 marks ]
(b) Describe growth in a named insect [8 marks ]
(c) Make a drawing of a growth curve of an:
(i) insect;
(ii) annual herbaccous plant [ 6 marks ]

Question 2

(a) (i) Name two types of moveable joints in mammals [ 2 marks ]

(ii) Name the features of the moveable joint and how they serve to
protect the joint [6 marks ]

(b) (i) Define translocation in plants [ 3 marks ]

(ii) Describe the ringing experiment to demonstrate translocation in plants [ 9 marks ]

Question 3

((a) Explain the following terms:

(i) test cross;

(ii) recessive allele; [8 marks ]
(iii) homozygote.

(b) (i) Why is sickle-cell anaemia considered a deadly disease? [5 marks ]

(ii) Explain briefly how sickle-cell anaemia can be reduced in a population [6 marks ]
(iii) State one advantage which a carrier of the sickle-cell anaemia trait has [ 1 mark]

Question 4

(a) Explain the following terms:

(i) pollution;
(ii) overcrowding. [ 4 marks ]

(b) List three pollutants each of

(i) water;
(ii) air. [ 6 marks]

(c) State five ways each of preventing:

(i) water pollution;

(ii) air pollution. [8 marks ]

Question 7

((a) Define the following terms;

(i) parasitism;
(ii) saprophytism;
(iii) symbiosis; giving one example of each [ 12 marks]
(b) Describe the external features of a named animal ecto-parasite and how
the features adapt it to its mode of life. [8 marks ]

Question 8

(a) State three ways by which water is of importance to mammals. [3 marks ]

(b) Name:
(i) two structures in plants;
(ii) three structures in mammals; that excrete water. [5 marks ]

(c) How does the mammalian body respond to low water content? [ 8 marks ]
(d) List four plant hormones. [ 4 marks ]

Biology Paper 3,Nov/Dec 2011

Question 1

(a) (i) Identify the process represented in the diagrams

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(ii) Name the parts labeled I,II,III,IV,V and VI

I. ------------------------------------------------------ IV. ----------------------------------------------------

II. ----------------------------------------------------- V. -----------------------------------------------------

III. ----------------------------------------------------- VI. -----------------------------------------------------

(iii) State one function each of the parts labeled I and VI.
I. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VI. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ 2 marks ]

(b) (i) Name each stage of the process indicated in diagrams A to E

A. ------------------------------------------- -- D. ----------------------------------------------
B. ---------------------------------------------- E. ………………………………………………………..
C. ----------------------------------------------- [ 5 marks ]
(ii) Arrange the stages in the correct order
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ 3 marks ]
(c)(i) Describe briefly the process taking place in A
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ 4 marks ]
(ii) In a tabular form, state three differences between stages C and D
Differences between C and D
C D
------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------
 ------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------
[ 3 marks ]

(d) Name two organs each:

(i) in plants;
(ii) in animals; in which the process illustrated in the diagrams occurs.
Plants:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Animals: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 4 marks ]

Question 2

(a) (i) Identify the structure in the diagram

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Name the parts labeled I to X

I. ………………………………………………………… VI. ……………………………………………………………..
II. …………………………………………………………. VII. …………………………………………………………….
III. ………………………………………………………… VIII. ……………………………………………………………
IV. ……………………………………………………….. IX. ……………………………………………………………
V. ………………………………………………………. X. …………………………………………………………….
[ 5 marks ]
(iii) State the function of the parts labeled II, III, V, VII and IX
II. …………………………………………………….. VII. …………………………………………………………..
III. ……………………………………………………. IX. ……………………………………………………………
V. ……………………………………………………. [ 5 marks ]
(b) What happens to the part labeled VIII in:
(i) Bright light:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Dim light:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) (i) List four defects associated with the structure in the diagram.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 4 marks ]

(ii) State ways in which each of the defects in 2(c)(i) above can be corrected
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 4 marks]
(d) Outline four ways by which the structure in the diagram can be taken care of.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 4 marks ]

Question 4

(a) (i) Identify the organism in the diagram.

Identification…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark ]
(ii) Name the parts labeled I to X
I. …………………………………………………………. VI. …………………………………………………………
II. ………………………………………………………… VII………………………………………………………….
III. ………………………………………………………… VIII…………………………………………………………
IV. ……………………………………………………….. IX. ………………………………………………………….
V. ………………………………………………………. X. ………………………………………………………….
[ 5 marks]

(iii) State the function of the parts labeled I,II,III,IV, and VII.
I. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
II. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
III. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
IV………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
VII. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 5 marks ]

(c) (i) List four observable features of the organism and state how they adapt the organism to
its mode of life.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 8 marks ]

(ii) State two ways in which the organism is of economic importance

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks ]
 (iii) State two ways by which the activities of the organism can be controlled.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 2 marks ]
(d) (i) State the class of the organism
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Give three reasons for placing the organism in the class named in 4(d)(i) above.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 3 marks ]
(e) State the:
(i) Habitat: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Diet: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(iii) Type of metamorphosis undergone by the organism:…………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 3 marks ]

Biology Paper 2,Nov/Dec 2012

Question 1

(i) What is respiration? [3 marks]

(ii) Explain three ways in which the respiratory surfaces in mammals are adapted to their
functions [6 marks ]

Outline how gases are exchanged in the leaves of flowering plants [7 marks ]

In a tabular form, state four differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (4 marks)
Question 2

(i) Outline the components of a reflex arc and

state one function each of each component [ 10 marks ]

(ii) State four differences between a reflex action and a voluntary action[4 marks ]

1. Explain how insulin regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. [ 6 marks ]

Question 3

( Question 3
 1. (i) What is pollution? [ 2 marks ]

(ii) Name three water pollutants [ 3 marks ]

(iii) State five harmful effects of sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere [5 marks ]

1. (i) Explain the term population [3 marks ]

(ii) Explain how a pitfall trap is used to measure the population size of
organisms in a habitat. [ 7 marks ]

Question 4

() Explain the application of genetics in marriage counseling giving

one example [5 marks]

(b) A normal male marries a female carrier of haemophilia. With the

aid of a genetic diagram, determine what proportion of their offspring
will suffer from the disease. [ 9 marks]

(c) State the two laws of inheritance propounded by Gregor Mendel. [ 6 marks]

Question 7

() (i) What is conservation of natural resources? [ 3 marks ]

(ii) List five benefits of conservation. [5 marks ]
(b) (i) Name five mineral resources that could be conserved. [5 marks ]
(ii) With appropriate examples, explain the problems associated
with conservation of mineral resources. [7 marks ]

Question 8

) Describe the adaptations of plants to aquatic habitats giving specific

Examples [10 marks]

(b) (i) List four characteristics of the intertidal zone [ 4 marks ]

(ii) Explain how plants and animals in the intertidal zone are
adapted to their habitats [6 marks ]

Biology Paper 3,Nov/Dec 2012

Question 1

A study was made of four organisms: A,B,C and D of different trophic levels. The number of organisms
and biomass of each species was determined. The results are shown in the table below.

Number of organisms Biomass of organisms (kg)

Species
A 1,500 50
 6,000
B 500
150
C 10
35
D 1500
1. (i) Which of the species is the producer?

Producer:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark ]
(ii) Give one reason for the answer in 1 (a)(i) above
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks ]

1. State the roles of each of the species in the habitat.

A:
………………………………………………………………………………………………
B:
………………………………………………………………………………………………
C:
………………………………………………………………………………………………
D:
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 8 marks ]

1. Using the data from the table, draw a labeled diagram to illustrate:
2. Pyramid of numbers;

1. Pyramid of biomass.

[ 4 marks ]

1. What organisms would likely constitute A,B,C and D if the habitat was a
2. Marine habitat,
3. Rain forest?

Marine:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Rain forest:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 8 marks ]
(e) What will be the likely effect on D if the population of A decreases.
Effect:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 4 marks ]
Question 24
One Enzyme One juice One food acted upon One end-product

Pepsin
Two identical leafy shoots E(ii) (v) connected to a potometer.
and F from a shrub, were each (viii)-------
One was placed
under normal laboratory conditions and the other under a fan in the laboratory. The
(i)---- (iii) (vi) Maltose moved by
distance
each bubble in each potometer was recorded at regular time intervals.
Lipase (iv)------- (vii)------- (ix)
The results obtained are shown in the table below.

Study the information in the table carefully and use them to answer question 2(a) to 2(f).

Distance moved by each bubble (mm)

Time after start of Shoot E (normal) laboratory Shoot F (in the laboratory
experiment condition) under the fan)
(mins)
0 the organism in the diagram. 0
(a) (i) Identify 0
5 Identification…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3 5
[1 mark ]
10 Name the parts labeled I to X 5
(ii) 10
15 I. …………………………………………………………. 8 18
VI. …………………………………………………………
II. ………………………………………………………… VII………………………………………………………….
20 III. ………………………………………………………… 11 28
VIII…………………………………………………………
25 IV. ……………………………………………………….. 13 33
IX. ………………………………………………………….
V. ………………………………………………………. X. ………………………………………………………….
[ 5 marks]

(iii) State the function of the parts labeled I,II,III,IV, and VII.
I. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
II. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
III. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
IV………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
VII. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1. [ 5 marks ]
Plot two graphs, one for each shoot on the graph sheet provided, with the distance

(c)by
moved (i)theList four observable
bubble features
on the vertical of the
axis (y) and organism
the time and state
on the how they
horizontal adapt
axis (x).the organism to
its mode of life.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 8 marks ]

(ii) State two ways in which the organism is of economic importance

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks ]
(iii) State two ways by which the activities of the organism can be controlled.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 2 marks ]
(d) (i) State the class of the organism
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Give three reasons for placing the organism in the class named in 4(d)(i) above.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 3 marks ]
(e) State the:
(i) Habitat: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Diet: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(iii) Type of metamorphosis undergone by the organism:…………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….