PTI Whitepaper On Rigging Version 1

GENERAL ELECTIONS
PAKISTAN
2024
TEHREEK-E-INSAF
WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING
Version 1.0
Authored by: Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf SMT
PREFACE
This whitepaper, compiled by Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, comprehensively details

the electoral malpractices and rigging. The information contained in this
whitepaper is not only utilized by PTI but also serves as crucial evidence in
petitions that are being filed in courts regarding electoral malpractices and
rigging. Given the pressing nature of the issue and the limited time available, this
whitepaper has been published to address the urgent need for transparency and
accountability in the results of general elections. Despite time constraints, the
importance of disseminating this information cannot be overstated, considering
the gravity of the situation surrounding the systematic and ongoing rigging
observed in the national elections held on February 8th, 2024.
However, it's important to note that this whitepaper represents only a fraction of
the data and evidence gathered. Due to the complexity and extent of the
malpractices observed, there may be additional volumes or expanded versions
of this whitepaper published in the near future. These subsequent publications
will aim to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the issues at hand and
further substantiate the claims made regarding electoral irregularities.
The decision to publish this whitepaper was driven by the need to address both
national and international concerns regarding the integrity of the electoral results
in Pakistan. By shedding light on the systematic nature of the rigging observed,
this whitepaper aims to bring attention to the urgent reevaluation of the election
results needed to safeguard the democratic principles upon which fair and free
elections are based. In essence, this whitepaper serves as a crucial tool in
advocating for electoral transparency, accountability, and integrity. It
underscores the importance of upholding democratic values and principles, not
only for the benefit of the Pakistani electorate but also for the broader
international community observing the country's democratic progress.
Every political party, apart from Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML-N) has
claimed rigging and yet, the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) has neither
recognized nor acknowledged any of the altered results. Pakistan Tehreek e Insaf
(PTI), as a party, finds it their responsibility towards the people of Pakistan who
came out and voted; to ascertain the truth and transparency of the election.
PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf pays tribute to its

Election Analysis and Management Cell, Tiger
Force Volunteers, and Social and Electronic Media
Teams for their dedicated efforts in meticulously
overseeing the General Elections of 2024, with a
particular emphasis on ensuring accountability,
transparency, and overall integrity throughout the
electoral process.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
OVERVIEW......................................................................................................................................................................1
PAKISTAN'S ELECTORAL FRAMEWORK.....................................................................................................5
ROLE OF ELECTION COMMISSION
FORM 45
FORM 47
ROLE OF PRESIDING OFFICER
ROLE OF RETURNING OFFICER
ELECTION OBSERVERS
PRE-POLL RIGGING................................................................................................................................................10
PARTIAL, BIASED AND WELL-PLANTED FEDERAL AND PROVINCIAL CARETAKER SETUPS
LONDON PLAN AND IMRAN KHAN’S ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT
9TH MAY FALSE FLAG OPERATION TO DISMANTLE PAKISTAN TEHREEK-E-INSAF
EXTENDED TENURE OF CARETAKER GOVERNMENTS
GERRYMANDERING AND IRREGULARITIES IN ELECTORAL ROLLS
FORCEFUL CLOSURE OF PTI OFFICES
HINDRANCES IN FILING NOMINATION PAPERS: SNATCHING OF NOMINATION FILES
LEGAL CHALLENGES AND REJECTIONS: UNPRECEDENTED NUMBER OF REJECTIONS OF NOMINEES
HOUSE RAIDS, UNLAWFUL ARRESTS AND ABDUCTIONS
REPEATED INTERNET DISRUPTION
MEDIA CENSORSHIP AND HARASSMENT OF JOURNALISTS
DENIAL OF ELECTORAL SYMBOL
BLOCKING OF PTI WEBSITES
RESTRICTION ON PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY FOR TEHREEK-E-INSAF
EXCLUSION OF TOP PTI LEADERSHIP FROM GENERAL ELECTION
POLL RIGGING..........................................................................................................................................................96
INTERNET AND MOBILE NETWORK SUSPENSION
REPORTS ON ELECTORAL CHAOS: VIOLENCE, VOTER SUPPRESSION, AND COMPROMISED
INTEGRITY IN PAKISTAN'S ELECTION
INITIAL RESULTS BASED ON FORMS 45
GLARING IRREGULARITIES IN FORMS 47 DATA
COMPARATIVE REPORT ON DISCREPANCIES IN FORM 45 AND FORM 47 VOTE COUNTS
GLARING DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN ORIGINAL AND RELEASED FORMS 45
POST-POLL MANIPULATION: UNWARRANTED POST-POLL RECOUNTS TARGETING PTI
FABRICATED FORMS 45: ATTEMPTED DECEPTION UNCOVERED AHEAD OF COURT HEARING
TESTIMONIALS OF PRESIDING OFFICERS
TESTIMONIALS ON ELECTION FRAUD FROM MEMBERS OF OTHER POLITICAL PARTIES
REJECTION OF RESERVED SEATS: BLATANT ELECTORAL INJUSTICE
UNWARRANTED POST-POLL RECOUNTS TARGETING PTI
FORM 45 DATA ANALYSIS AND PTI PETITIONS AGAINST ELECTION RESULTS.........................185
ELECTORAL RIGGING IN BY-POLLS..........................................................................................................................194
INTERNATIONAL CRITICISM AND CALLS FOR INDEPENDENT ELECTION INQUIRY.................206
INDEPENDENT OBSERVERS, MEDIA ON ELECTIONS IN PAKISTAN......................................................210
STATEMENT FROM PRESIDENT OF PAKISTAN.................................................................................................220
IMRAN KHAN’S MESSAGE FROM JAIL ........................................................................................................................222
PAKISTAN TEHREEK-E-INSAF’S DEMANDS......................................................................................................226
APPENDIX.................................................................................................................................................................................228
PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024

OVERVIEW
Elections are the cornerstone in establishing and strengthening democracies.
They play a vital role in shaping the political model by providing a procedure
for voter participation and representation. Via elections, people exercise their
democratic rights by picking candidates who will run the government affairs
on their behalf. This process not only nurtures a sense of proprietorship and
liability but also enables the formation of legitimate
administrations/governments. Additionally, elections influence the decrease
of political tensions/conflicts, ultimately advancing peace and stability. In
societies plagued by historical grievances or societal divisions, the electoral
process provides a peaceful mechanism for resolving disputes and
competing for power. Through free and fair elections, individuals and groups
can peacefully compete for political power, thus mitigating the risk of violence
or unrest.
Free and fair elections require an environment illustrated by political diversity,

freedom of expression, and equal access to resources and information. It is
needed to preserve electoral processes from undue influence, exploitation, or
coercion, whether from state, political parties and/or establishment.
Additionally, electoral executives must be independent, experienced, and
sovereign to uphold the reliability of the electoral process. Credibility and
transparency are also essential elements of democratic elections. Voters must
have confidence in the electoral process, from voter registration to ballot
counting, to ensure the authenticity of the election. Transparency in campaign
financing, electoral administration, and monitoring mechanisms helps detect
and deter electoral malpractices, thereby enhancing public trust in the
electoral process.
Article 218(3) of the Constitution of Pakistan assigns a crucial responsibility to

the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP), extending beyond merely
conducting elections. These are explained in the next section of this document.
The failure of the ECP to effectively discharge its responsibilities has
contributed to the perception of non-transparency, fraudulence, injustice, and
non-compliance with the law surrounding elections in Pakistan. Key aspects of
the ECP's mandate include ensuring the impartiality and independence of
electoral management, overseeing voter registration processes, conducting
voter education and outreach programs, facilitating the participation of
political parties and candidates, and implementing measures to prevent
electoral fraud and malpractices.
PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 1

However, the complicity of the Election Commission in providing an unfair
advantage to some political parties while targeting another has led to
widespread skepticism and criticism regarding the credibility and fairness of the
2024 General Elections in Pakistan. Furthermore, the ECP's role in pre-election
irregularities, voter intimidation, political interference, and inadequate
enforcement of electoral laws has undermined public confidence in the electoral
system. This has far-reaching implications for the legitimacy of the government,
and the overall democratic governance of the country.
The purpose of this whitepaper is to carefully examine and document the

malpractices and widespread rigging that marred the general elections of 2024
in Pakistan. It aims to shed light on the nature of these malpractices and the
various techniques of rigging employed during the electoral process. Rigging, in
the context of elections, encompasses any activity that contravenes the laws of
the country and constitutional provisions pertaining to the conduct of elections.
This includes violations occurring during the pre-poll, polling day, and post-poll
phases of the electoral cycle.
The general elections held on February 8th, 2024, were marked by rigging across
all three categories, as outlined in this whitepaper. One of the most concerning
aspects highlighted in this paper is the blatant disregard for the code of conduct
established by the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP). Despite clear
guidelines outlining the rules and regulations governing electoral conduct,
numerous violations were observed, and offenders were not held answerable.
This failure to enforce penalties for violations, particularly evident in cases
involving the misuse of public offices and resources to influence election
outcomes, undermines the integrity of the official electoral results published by
ECP.
The discrepancy between the initial results recorded on Form 45 and the
subsequent alterations raises serious concerns about the integrity and
transparency of the electoral results. According to Form 45, the Pakistan Tehreek-
e-Insaf (PTI) party secured victory in nearly 180 National Assembly seats. Delays
in the announcement of official results the next day compounded suspicions of
foul play. The fact that official results were withheld for almost a week only added
to the uncertainty surrounding the electoral outcome. During this period, reports
emerged of significant discrepancies between the initial leads recorded on Form
45 and the results declared by the electoral authorities.

Fig. Examples of disparities between the initially documented Forms 45 and the subsequent
modifications observed at NA-238 and NA-238 polling stations. Please see Section on Glaring
Discrepancies Between Original and Released Forms 45 (Page 136) for more details.
Most concerning instances are where substantial leads, sometimes as high as

tens of thousands of votes, were suddenly and inexplicably reversed, resulting in
the victory of the losing candidate. Such drastic alterations in the electoral
outcomes not only undermine the credibility of the electoral results but also raise
serious questions about the integrity and fairness of the elections.
These discrepancies and irregularities highlight the urgent need for thorough
investigations into the conduct of the elections and the tabulation of results. It is
imperative that electoral authorities address these concerns transparently and
impartially to restore public trust in the electoral process and uphold the
democratic principles of free and fair elections.

Furthermore, this whitepaper draws attention to the prevalence of open violence
targeting party workers on and before the election day throughout the country.
Such incidents not only violate the rights of individuals to participate in the
democratic process free from intimidation but also contribute to a climate of fear
and insecurity surrounding elections.
To support its findings, the whitepaper references extensive documentary and

visual evidence compiled by the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), which provide a
comprehensive overview of the various types of rigging observed during the 2024
general elections. By citing these examples, the whitepaper aims to underscore
the urgency of addressing electoral malpractices and ensuring the integrity and
transparency of results of electoral processes.

Section One
PAKISTAN’S ELECTORAL
FRAMEWORK
Pakistan's electoral framework is primarily
governed by the Constitution of Pakistan, and
the Elections Act, 2017. Pakistan operates under
a parliamentary democracy with a bicameral
legislature consisting of the National Assembly
and the Senate. Elections are held every five
years, overseen by the Election Commission of
Pakistan (ECP), an independent body
responsible for conducting free, fair, and
transparent elections. Pakistan follows a first-
past-the-post electoral system, where
candidates with the highest number of votes in
their respective constituencies win seats.
Role of Election Commission of Pakistan
The Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) is vested with crucial duties and
responsibilities outlined in the Constitution and various electoral laws.
According to Article 218 and Article 219, the ECP is primarily charged with the
task of ensuring the integrity and fairness of electoral processes in the country.
This includes preparing and annually revising electoral rolls for elections to the
National Assembly, Provincial Assemblies, and local governments. Additionally,
the ECP is responsible for organizing and conducting elections to the Senate
and filling casual vacancies in legislative bodies.
Moreover, the Election Commission is tasked with appointing Election Tribunals

and overseeing the holding of general elections at various levels of
government, including the National Assembly, Provincial Assemblies, and local
governments. These duties are essential to upholding the democratic
principles of representation and accountability within Pakistan's political
system. The five-member panel of the Election Commission comprises the
Chief Election Commissioner and four Members, each representing one of the
four provinces of the country: Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa.

In addition to its constitutional duties, the Election Commission also has statutory
obligations as outlined in electoral laws Section 46, 47 and 48. These include
appointing enumeration staff, proposing appointments for various election
officials such as Assistant Returning Officers (AROs), District Returning Officers
(DROs), Returning Officers (ROs), and Assistant Returning Officers (AROs), as well
as preparing lists of polling stations for the conduct of elections.
Form 45
After the polling process concludes, the

Presiding Officer, alongside polling agents
representing candidates, conducts the
ballot paper count. Once completed, the
Presiding Officer issues Form-45 to all
polling agents, documenting the number
of votes received by each candidate at
that particular polling station. This form is
authenticated by the Presiding Officer's
signature and witnessed by all polling
agents, solidifying its official status.
Furthermore, Form-45 is prominently
displayed outside the polling station,
allowing for public and media scrutiny. It
serves as a crucial document used by the
media to report preliminary election
results, contributing to the transparency
and credibility of the electoral process.

Form 47
While Form 45 serves as a vital tool in

providing detailed results at the
individual polling station level, Form 47
plays a critical role in aggregating these
results to represent the entire
constituency. Form 47 consolidates the
data gathered from all signed Form 45s
received from various Presiding Officers
in the presence of contesting candidates
or their representatives. This
consolidation process is overseen and
attested by the Returning Officer, who
holds the responsibility for the
constituency as a whole. The total
number of votes recorded in all Form 45s
should precisely align with the vote
count documented in Form 47.
Role of Presiding Officer
In accordance with the Constitution of Pakistan and the electoral laws of the
country, the role of the Presiding Officer in elections is vital to the integrity and
smooth conduct of the electoral process. The Presiding Officer is responsible
for overseeing the proceedings at a designated polling station during
elections, ensuring adherence to electoral laws, and maintaining order and
fairness throughout the voting process. Their duties include verifying the
identity of voters, overseeing the casting of ballots, preventing any form of
electoral malpractice or fraud, and maintaining the secrecy and security of
the voting process. Additionally, the Presiding Officer plays a crucial role in
resolving disputes or issues that may arise during the voting process and
ensuring that all election-related procedures are carried out in accordance
with the law. Overall, the Presiding Officer serves as a key figure in upholding
the democratic principles of free and fair elections in Pakistan.

Role of Returning Officer
As per the Constitution of Pakistan and the electoral laws of the country, the
Returning Officer (RO) is responsible for overseeing the entire electoral
process within a specific electoral constituency. Their duties include accepting
nomination papers from candidates, scrutinizing the eligibility of candidates,
managing the electoral roll, appointing Presiding Officers for polling stations,
and overseeing the counting of votes. Additionally, the Returning Officer plays
a critical role in resolving disputes, complaints, or irregularities that may arise
during the election process.
The ROs are responsible for the provisional consolidated statement of the vote
count for the constituency using Form-47, as mandated by Section 92 of the
law. This statement is based on the results received from Presiding Officers
either electronically or in person, with meticulous attention given to ensuring
the absence of arithmetic errors. In the event of any discrepancies or errors in
the Form, the RO is required to promptly notify the Presiding Officer for
rectification, ensuring that corrected forms are resent electronically to the
Election Commission while maintaining copies for record-keeping purposes.
Once the provisional results are compiled, the Returning Officer is required to
announce them in the presence of candidates, their election agents, or
authorized observers, and publicly displays a copy for general information.
Additionally, the RO is obligated to transmit the scanned copy of Form-47
containing provisional results to the Commission electronically by 02:00 am
on the day following polling day, promptly addressing any incompleteness by
providing explanations for awaited results from specific polling stations. The
impartiality and adherence to electoral laws of ROs are crucial in upholding
the integrity and credibility of the electoral process, thereby safeguarding the
democratic rights of the electorate in Pakistan.
Election Observers
Election observers are individuals or organizations tasked with monitoring

various aspects of elections, including voter registration, polling, ballot
counting, and result consolidation. Section 238 of the Election Act 2017, permits
accredited observers to observe the consolidation of results, thereby
enhancing the credibility and legitimacy of the electoral process through
independent oversight. These provisions collectively aim at upholding the
democratic principles of fairness, transparency, and accountability in
Pakistan's electoral system.

References
National Assembly of Pakistan. (2012, February 28). The Constitution of

Islamic Republic of Pakistan. National Assembly of Pakistan.
https://na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1333523681_951.pdf
Election Commission of Pakistan. (2009, June 3). Elections Act 2017. Election
Commission of Pakistan.
https://ecp.gov.pk/storage/files/2/Elections%20Act%202017%20updated/Updat
ed%20Elections%20Act%%20202017-231011-105435.pdf
Election Commission of Pakistan. (2017, November 9). The Election Rules 2017.
Election Commission of Pakistan.
https://ecp.gov.pk/storage/files/1/eleclaws8.pdf

Section Two
Pre-Poll Rigging:
An Overview
As Pakistan approached
its recent elections on
February 8, 2024,
mounting apprehensions
over pre-poll rigging
marred the democratic
process. Disturbing
reports and incidents
unfolded, spotlighting a
troubling pattern of
obstacles encountered
by candidates, violation
of basic rights, media
censorship, and
disruptions in
communication avenues,
collectively raising grave
doubts about the
fairness and openness of
the electoral framework.

9
PARTIAL,WELL-PLANTED FEDERAL AND
PROVINCIAL CARETAKER SETUPS TO
FAVOUR PDM AND SUPPRESS PTI
When Imran Khan dissolved the provincial assemblies of Punjab and Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa in January 2023, where his party still maintained control despite
the regime change at the federal level, a new caretaker cabinet was
appointed in both the provinces [1].
In January 2023, eight members of the caretaker setup in Punjab were sworn
in at the Governor’s House in Lahore, with Punjab Governor Muhammad
Balighur Rehman administering the oath to the caretaker cabinet.
Subsequently, with a difference of a few days, a fifteen-member caretaker
cabinet for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was announced in Peshawar [2].
The Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) appointed Mohsin Raza Naqvi as

the caretaker chief minister of Punjab after the ruling party and the opposition
in the province failed to reach consensus on any name for the post [3].
In accordance with the 1973 Constitution and the Elections Act of 2017, the
main objective of the interim caretaker government in Pakistan, is to ensure
the neutrality of the government overseeing elections and reduce the scope
for abuse or misuse of power and state resources in election campaigns. After
the National Assembly (NA) is dissolved, the President is mandated to appoint
a caretaker Prime Minister after consulting with the incumbent Prime Minister
and the Leader of the Opposition. Similarly, at the provincial level, the Governor
appoints a caretaker cabinet for the province in anticipation of Provincial
Assembly Elections. While there are no legal qualifications for the
appointment, it is expected that individuals selected for these positions
remain neutral and exhibit no discernible affiliation with any political party [4].
Fig. Responsibilities of a Caretaker Setup in Pakistan

Both of these governments assumed caretaker roles with the constitutional
responsibility of overseeing elections within ninety days of the dissolution of
the assemblies and facilitating the establishment of a representative
government. Both these governments failed to fulfill their constitutional duty;
in fact they did the exact opposite.
Firstly, they failed to conduct elections within the stipulated 90 days. Secondly,
they appeared to act as facilitators for one party, the PMLN, paving the way for
their ascent to power by utilizing the entire administration as their B-team [5].
This involved providing logistical support to PMLN for conducting rallies and
public appearances. The same caretaker setup was observed engaging in
abducting and harassing PTI leadership, workers, and supporters, hindering
their right to conduct rallies even after the election date was announced.
Furthermore, the bureaucracy was allegedly directed to impede PTI workers
from organizing any worker conventions and to forcibly close all PTI offices in
the province, despite court orders [6].
The administration employed Section 144(13) strategically to prevent PTI from

conducting rallies, often coinciding with the day of PTI's rally announcements.
Consequently, PTI was compelled to resort to virtual rallies as they were
systematically denied the freedom to assemble by the caretaker setup,
despite court orders to allow all political parties to conduct rallies and political
activities freely [7].
Shortly after the caretaker government took office, the administration also
began exerting political influence to secure widespread postings and transfer
orders, aiming to place their preferred individuals in crucial positions,
particularly those that could significantly impact the elections and pave the
way for PMLN. The caretaker government yielded to political pressure and, in a
blatant abuse of its authority and functions, commenced issuing orders and
notifications without lawful authority [8].
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) rejected the formation of these caretaker

governments, citing lack of consultation with the party prior to the decision. PTI
claimed that aside from a select few ministers, the appointments were made
on political grounds, with significant involvement of major political parties and
leaders, excluding PTI from the process.
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf also alleged the caretaker government of giving

"preferential treatment" to the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) party
and that efforts were underway to create conditions conducive to the return of
PML-N to power. On the other hand, the interim government denied PTI a level
playing field, not even allowing the party to run their election campaign.

VVIP protocol was given to the former prime minister Nawaz Sharif, convicted,
and wanted by the highest court, upon his return to Pakistan. All federal and
Punjab caretaker government resources were used to manage the return of
Nawaz Sharif. The court staff went to the airport to record his biometric
attendance, while in stark contrast, the former Prime Minister, Imran Khan, was
apprehended from the court premises while in the process of giving his
biometrics for attendance [9].
The Punjab caretaker government not only facilitated transportation but also
ensured the attendance of government employees at PML-N rallies. It
appeared that PML-N was leveraging both Federal and Punjab government
resources to orchestrate the return of Nawaz Sharif and subsequently manage
his election campaign.
Former provincial finance minister Taimur Jhagra raised objections over the
newly appointed interim cabinet through his X handle, writing: “Sadly, this
looks like a PDM [Pakistan Democratic Movement] cabinet, barring a couple of
names…”
Fig.Taimur Jhagra’s tweet about the interim cabinet in KPK

Afterwards, politicians from ANP & PMLN and PPP claimed on multiple
occasions that PDM parties were given a quota of appointment of political
workers as the caretaker cabinet.
PTI’s former Secretary General Asad Umar accused the coalition government
of blatantly violating the Constitution by appointing a caretaker chief minister
in Punjab with a 'shady’ background, posting officers who were against his
party in that province, and announcing a “biased” interim set-up in KP [5, 10-
11].
Fig. Interim Chief Minister Punjab(left) Mohsin Naqvi meets Caretaker PM Kakar(right)
Omar Ayub, Former Federal Minister and Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI)’s General

Secretary, accused the Caretaker Chief Minister of Punjab of orchestrating
election rigging. In a statement, he called upon the authorities to establish an
inquiry commission to investigate the allegations raised by the Rawalpindi
commissioner. He demanded the release of Form-47, a crucial document
pertaining to election results. Furthermore, Ayub criticized the inquiry
committee set up by Mohsin Naqvi, stating that it exhibited bias [14].
Awami Muslim League (AML) President Sheikh Rashid penned a letter to The
Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP), urging them to halt any transfers and
postings by the Punjab caretaker government, as its constitutional tenure
expired after 90 days.

The letter contended that all responsibilities conferred upon the caretaker
cabinet be revoked immediately, keeping in view the Article 218 (3) and the
Article 220 of the Constitution [8].
“The caretaker government failed miserably to act in accordance with law and
the Constitution,” the letter said. “It continued to issue blanket orders of
transfers and postings throughout the province,” it added.
In June 2023, the National Assembly approved major changes in the Elections
Act reducing the term of lawmakers’ disqualification to five years and
empowering the ECP to announce the date for polls. Once, the bill was
enacted, its immediate beneficiary was the three-time former prime minister
and the head of Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz, (PML-N) Nawaz Sharif and
the leader of the Istehkam-e-Pakistan Party (IPP), Jahangir Tareen, who were
disqualified for life. The Elections Act (Amendment) Bill, 2023 was presented in
the National Assembly by Finance Minister Ishaq Dar as a supplementary
agenda, which was unanimously approved. After the amendment to the
Section 57 of the Elections Act, the power of the president to announce the
date of the election has been withdrawn and given to the ECP. Now, the ECP
can announce the date for elections without consulting the president. After the
amendment to the Section 58 of the Elections Act, the ECP will have the
authority to issue and amend the election schedule. The bill also amends
Section 232 of the Elections Act, which is related to disqualification of a
parliamentarian [12].
On July 26, 2023, during a joint session of Parliament, over 54 amendments to

the 2017 Act were proposed. These amendments were put forth by the ruling
party, PMLN, under the assertion that they were essential to safeguard
Pakistan's economic interests. However, these proposed amendments
sparked controversy, with the opposition parties and the civil society accusing
the government of attempting to meddle in the electoral process and
overreach its constitutional mandate. The opposition, along with certain allied
parties, contends that the amendments are ambiguous, unconstitutional, and
grant excessive authority to the caretaker government, enabling it to sway
voters and make decisions that could significantly impact the future elected
administrations. Additionally, some lawmakers raised concerns that the
amendments were hastily passed without adequate consultation or debate,
thus undermining the principles of democracy [13].
The Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) approved the appointment of

bureaucracy officers, working under the controversial caretaker governments,
as the returning officers (ROs) and district returning officers (DROs) [15].

This decision stirred controversy as the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), in line
with established norms, advocated for judicial officers to serve in these roles.
PTI argued that appointing government officers might jeopardize the integrity
of the electoral process, particularly in light of concerns about the caretaker
government's influence in the province, led by Chief Minister Mohsin Naqvi. PTI
lodged its grievances to the Lahore High Court, challenging the
constitutionality of the appointment of government officers as ROs and DROs.
Responding to PTI's petition, the Lahore High Court (LHC) suspended the
notifications issued by the ECP for the appointment of ROs, DROs, and
assistant returning officers [16]. This decision prompted the ECP to escalate
the matter to the Supreme Court for review. The Supreme Court overturned the
Lahore High Court's ruling, thereby validating the ECP's authority to appoint
ROs and DROs from the bureaucracy. Despite PTI's objections, the Supreme
Court's decision upheld the ECP's discretion in this matter [17].
Fig. Supreme Court hearing on Appointment of ROs.
However, PTI's concerns about the appointment of bureaucracy officers as ROs

were not unfounded. Many of these appointed officers displayed bias against
PTI candidates, rejecting a significant number of their nomination papers on
flimsy grounds. Many of these rejections were subsequently overturned upon
challenge in the courts, highlighting the PTI's contention that appointing
bureaucrats as ROs compromised the fairness of the electoral process [18-19].

References
[1] Hussain, A., & Al Jazeera. (2023, January 18). Another Khan party-led
provincial assembly dissolved in Pakistan. Al Jazeera.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/1/18/another-khan-party-led-
provincial-assembly-dissolved-in-pakistan
[2] The Express Tribune. (2023, January 27). Punjab, K-P caretaker cabinets
sworn in. The Express Tribune. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2397878/punjab-
k-p-caretaker-cabinets-sworn-in
[3] Dawn. (2023, January 22). Mohsin Naqvi sworn in as Punjab caretaker chief
minister. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1733051
[4] Dawn. (2023, August 8). The problematic precedence of caretaker

governments in Pakistan. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1768202
[5] Reuters. (2023, September 14). Pakistan caretaker government appears to

favour Imran Khan's foes, election commission says. Reuters.
https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistan-caretaker-govt-
appears-favour-imran-khans-foes-election-commission-2023-09-14/
[6] The Nation. (2023, December 6). PTI's office sealed again. The Nation.
https://www.nation.com.pk/06-Dec-2023/pti-s-office-sealed-again
[7] Asad, M., & Nasir, A. (2024, January 25). Section 144 imposed in Punjab to
hamper PTI show: Imran. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1808406
[8] The Express Tribune. (2023, April 22). ECP urged to restrain Punjab
caretaker govt. The Express Tribune.
https://tribune.com.pk/story/2413292/ecp-urged-to-restrain-punjab-
caretaker-govt
[9] Bangash, A., & Dawn. (2023, October 22). PTI takes issue with 'unequal
justice, VVIP welcome'. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1782789
[10] Business Recorder. (2023, January 27). Naqvi's appointment as CM:

Coalition govt blatantly violating Constitution: PTI. Business Recorder.
https://www.brecorder.com/news/40222749
[11] Punjab Police. (n.d.). What is section 144 and what does it imply? Punjab
Police. https://punjabpolice.gov.pk/faqs

[12] NA approves major changes in Elections Act
https://tribune.com.pk/story/2423537/na-approves-major-changes-in-
elections-act
[13] The News International. (2023, July 26). Amendments to Election Act:
Caretakers to have powers to take decisions on economy. The News
International.
https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1094252-proposed-amendments-to-
election-act-2017-caretaker-govt-will-have-powers-to-take-decisions-on-
economy
[14] Dunya News. (2024, February 18). Omar Ayub accuses caretaker Punjab
chief minister of polls rigging planning. Dunya News.
https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/792302-Omar-Ayub-accuses-Caretaker-
Chief-Minister-Punjab-on-polls-rigging-plann
[15] ARY News. (2023, December 11). ECP approves appointment of ROs, DROs
for general elections 2024. Retrieved from https://arynews.tv/ecp-approves-
appointment-of-ros-dros-for-general-elections-2024/
[16] Business Recorder. (2023, December 15). Bureaucrats’ appointment as

DROs, ROs: LHC suspends ECP notification. Retrieved from
[17] Dawn. (2023, December 15). SC suspends LHC order against RO

appointments, orders ECP to issue election schedule tonight. Retrieved from
https://www.dawn.com/news/1798131
[18] The Express Tribune. (2024, January 02). Dozens of PTI aspirants appeal
against papers rejection. Retrieved from
https://tribune.com.pk/story/2451887/dozens-of-pti-aspirants-appeal-
against-papers-rejection
[19] Dawn. (2024, January 1). PTI to challenge rejection of nomination papers
today. Retrieved from https://www.dawn.com/news/1802259

THE LONDON PLAN AND IMRAN KHAN’S
ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT
The former Prime Minister, Imran Khan, repeatedly voiced concerns about a
plan being hatched in London aimed at undermining his party, in order to
facilitate Nawaz Sharif in the next elections to become the prime minister [1].
Nawaz Sharif, who had been in self-imposed exile in London since receiving
bail for eight weeks on medical grounds in October 2019, was sentenced to 10
years in July 2018 by a Pakistani anti-corruption court, which found him guilty
of corruption [2].
The Supreme Court had previously disqualified him from the office of Prime
Minister following months of hearings in a case prompted by the "Panama
Papers" leaks [3], which implicated him in alleged corruption during his prior
two terms in office [4]. Since his conviction, his party and family had been
trying to secure his release on bail and have his name removed from the Exit
Control List (ECL). He departed for London in November 2019, shortly after
being granted bail by the Islamabad High Court [5].
His brother, Shehbaz Sharif, signed an undertaking stipulating that he would

ensure the return of his brother within four weeks or upon certification by
doctors that he has regained his health and is fit to return to Pakistan [6].
Despite being granted permission to leave the country for a duration of four
weeks, Nawaz Sharif did not return until October 2023, merely three months
before the general elections, Following an agreement with the establishment
securing his bid for the premiership, as disclosed by Imran Khan several
months prior [7] [12].
While in London, Nawaz Sharif was observed to be orchestrating state affairs

through his brother [8], effectively utilizing him as a proxy within the
government [9]. Shehbaz Sharif would frequently travel to London whenever
significant decisions needed to be made, such as the appointment of the new
army chief [10].
Imran Khan and his party consistently criticized the PDM government for
involving a convicted criminal in crucial state decisions, and repeatedly
pointed to a purported conspiracy originating in London [11].
In his addresses to the nation and interviews, former Prime Minister Imran
Khan had repeatedly alerted the public about the London Plan. The sequence
of events following the regime change operation suggested that the plan was
unfolding as anticipated [12].

Following Imran Khan’s arrest, and with thousands of PTI workers, supporters,
and leaders detained, Nawaz Sharif’s party announced his return after a four-
year self-imposed exile [13]. The allocation of state protocol, utilization of
public resources, and expenditure of public funds to bolster a convict's
influence on public opinion served as compelling evidence that the London
Plan was indeed in action. [14-18]
Fig: Nawaz Sharif undergoes the biometric Fig.: Nawaz Sharif addressing the homecoming
verification on arrival at Islamabad Airport, a gathering at Minar-e-Pakistan Lahore organized
fecility never extended to anyone else. with state protocol.
Imran Khan also unveiled the complete details of the London agreement via a
tweet in May 2023.
“So now the complete London plan is out. Using the pretext of violence while I
was inside the jail, they have assumed the role of judge, jury, and executioner.
The Plan now is to humiliate me by putting Bushra Begum in jail and using
some sedition law to keep me inside for the next ten years. Then will follow a
complete crack down on whatever is left of PTI leadership and workers. And
finally, they will ban the largest and only federal party of Pakistan. (Just as they
banned the Awami league in East Pakistan)
To ensure that there is no public reaction, they have done two things, first
deliberate terror is unleashed not just on PTI workers but on common citizens
as well. Second, the media is totally controlled and muzzled. And tomorrow they
will again suspend internet services and ban social media (which is only
partially open). Meanwhile, as we speak, houses are being broken in and
shamelessly police are manhandling the women of the houses.
Never has the sanctity of chadar and chaar dewaari been violated the way it is
being done by these criminals. This is a deliberate attempt to instill so much
fear in people that when they come to arrest me tomorrow, people won't come
out. The JUIF Drama being done outside the SC tomorrow is only for one
purpose, to overawe the Chief Justice of Pakistan so that he doesn't give a
verdict according to the constitution.
My message to the people of Pakistan; I will fight for Haqeeqi Azaadi till the last
drop of my blood because for me death is preferable than to be enslaved by
these assortments of crooks.” [19]

In October 2023, Imran Khan sent out another message about the London Plan
through his family:
“My Pakistanis! In the last few days, we have witnessed a total mockery
of the law. All that is happening today is not just an execution of a
London “plan" but a London “agreement” that was signed between a
cowardly fugitive & corrupt criminal and his facilitators. The only way a
convicted criminal could be allowed to return to politics with a clean chit
is by destroying State institutions. And hence, what we are witnessing is
a complete collapse of our justice system.” [20]
Fig: Imran Khan addressing the nation after an attack on his residence in Zaman Park Lahore
The unfolding events following the regime change operation in Pakistan in

April 2022 served as tangible evidence of what Imran Khan had revealed in his
addresses and speeches to the nation regarding the London plan [21]. From
the orchestrated horse-trading aimed at toppling the PTI Government to the
complete blackout of Imran Khan and his party on mainstream media, as well
as the attempted assassinations on Khan himself, the subsequent arrests,
abductions, and harassment of party leadership on unfounded charges, Imran
Khan's arrest and expedited trials resulting in convictions just days before the
elections, and the seizure of PTI's electoral symbol to bar it from the election
race—all of these were integral parts of the "London Plan" orchestrated to
suppress PTI and pave the way for the reinstatement of Nawaz Sharif's
government, as outlined by former Prime Minister Imran Khan [22 - 23].

On November 3, 2022, during the 2022 Azadi March in Wazirabad, Punjab,
Imran Khan was shot and injured in an assassination attempt. The attack
resulted in the death of a PTI supporter and injuries to many others, including
some PTI leaders [24]. Immediately following the assassination attempt, the
police recorded the shooter's confessional video. Within a few hours of the
incident, the shooter's statement was aired on national TV by state media. In
the footage, the shooter appeared to modify his statements to portray the
attack as a religious hate crime. The shooter’s confessional statement was
strongly endorsed by Pakistan Muslim League ministers, who held consecutive
press conferences attempting to affirm that the incident was indeed driven by
religious fanaticism.[25]
Fig: Assassination Attempt on Imran Khan in Wazirabad, Punjab in November 2022
These confessional video statements were released almost immediately

without any investigation. Members of the Joint Investigation Team probing
the Wazirabad attack were being pressured to distance themselves from the
findings of the probe [26].
Despite having a government in the Punjab province, Pakistan Tehreek-e-

Insaf was unable to file a First Information Report (FIR) against the individuals
named by Imran Khan in connection with the assassination attempt. Only
after the intervention of the Supreme Court was the FIR finally lodged, albeit
without including the name of the military personnel mentioned by Imran
Khan. This FIR was rejected by Imran Khan and his party deeming the FIR just a
piece of paper if the top officials were not nominated in the FIR [27].
The mounting pressure on officials, from refraining from conducting thorough

investigations to creating obstacles in filing an FIR, and even allowing the
shooter to appear on state media for a confessional statement without proper
inquiry, alongside the PDM ministers strongly propagating the notion of
religious extremism as the motive behind the attack, collectively affirm Imran
Khan's assertions regarding the involvement of the PDM regime in
orchestrating this assault to eliminate him, as per the London Plan [28].

References
[1] Imran Khan talks about the London Plan

https://twitter.com/PTIofficial/status/1635887418355118083?
t=cl6r7OUQgjsGUzn4X3Mp1g&s=19
[2] Nawaz Sharif sentenced to 10 years over corruption.

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/7/6/ex-pakistan-pm-nawaz-sharif-
sentenced-to-10-years-over-corruption
[3] Panama Papers

https://www.forbes.com/sites/bisnow/2017/08/01/the-london-property-deal-
that-brought-down-pakistans-prime-minister/?sh=6284bd181942
[4] Nawaz Sharif Disqualified from holding office.

https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/13/pakistan-disqualifies-former-prime-
minister-nawaz-sharif-from-holding-office.html
[5] IHC suspends Nawaz's sentence on medical grounds for 8 weeks

https://www.dawn.com/news/1513587/ihc-suspends-nawazs-sentence-on-
medical-grounds-for-8-weeks-in-al-azizia-case
[6] Nawaz Travels to London

[7] Imran Khan reveals the London Plan

https://x.com/PTIofficial/status/1744400449942192250?s=20
[8] London Huddle

[9] Shehbaz Sharif Flies to London for discussion on key issues with Nawaz
Sharif
[10] Shehbaz Sharif in London to discuss Appointment of Army Chief

[11] Ex-PM Khan criticizes government for consulting ‘Convict in London’

https://www.arabnews.pk/node/2200341/pakistan
[12] London Plan and its Implementation

https://twitter.com/imrankhanpti/status/1738253817680978314?
s=61&t=lY0JwJWVqakdOzXwN2NHSw

[12] London Plan and its Implementation
s=61&t=lY0JwJWVqakdOzXwN2NHSw
[13] PMLN announces Nawaz Sharif’s return.

[14] Sharif returns to Pakistan after striking a deal

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/21/pakistans-ex-pm-nawaz-
sharif-to-return-from-exile-for-political-comeback
[15] State protocol for Nawaz Sharif’s Return

https://www.deccanherald.com/world/imran-khans-pti-criticises-vvip-
protocol-use-of-govt-resources-to-facilitate-nawaz-sharifs-return-to-
pakistan-2737452
[16] Punjab govt to provide highest protocol to Nawaz Sharif

https://www.samaa.tv/2087311217-punjab-govt-to-provide-highest-protocol-
to-pmln-supremo-nawaz-sharif
[17] PTI criticizes ‘VIP protocol’ for Nawaz.

https://www.brecorder.com/news/40269302/omar-ayub-criticises-vip-
protocol-for-nawaz
[18] Protocol to ‘convict’ Nawaz on return

[19] Imran Khan reveals details of the London Plan

s=61&t=WpTdIPwkSZa6EXNckSHYww
[20] Imran Khan’s Message through his Family

https://twitter.com/PTIofficial/status/1717805513977553237?t=sP-4b46SNX0jco-
elvR4pg&s=19
[21] Imran Khan warns about the London Plan

s=61&t=usse_Eb5nPKcQUKYXMEa3g
[22] Human Rights Violations in Pakistan After Regime Change Operation

https://youtu.be/FqNt3hCpRxI?si=XvQXTH8tIfXvI6XE

[23] Other References about the London Plan
https://twitter.com/ptiofficial/status/1748999496871067693?
s=61&t=3JVUcLwci__gOnoLfsq1gA
https://tribune.com.pk/story/2453346/sc-is-executing-london-plan-imran
https://www.paktribune.com/news-details/providing-relief-to-nawaz-sharif-part-
of-so-called-london-plan-imran-khan
[24] Attempted Assassination of Imran Khan

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/03/imran-khan-shot-in-
assassination-attempt-in-pakistan
[25] Shooter’s confessional Statements

https://www.arabnews.com/node/2193956/metrics/aggregate
[26] Imran Khan’s Statement on JIT Members

s=61&t=iUE6nHmt9TjdR5NX-QWOqQ
[27] Supreme Court Give Ultimatum to File an FIR

https://tribune.com.pk/story/2385147/fir-of-attack-on-imran-registered-after-scs-
ultimatum
[28] Imran Khan says Pakistan PM Sharif involved in assassination plot.

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/4/imran-khan-says-pakistan-pm-sharif-
involved-in-plot-to-kill-
him#:~:text=Khan%20told%20reporters%20on%20Friday,and%20a%20senior%20
army%20commander.

MAY 9TH FALSE FLAG OPERATION AND
PTI-FOCUSED VINDICTIVE OPERATIONS
Former Prime Minister Imran Khan was arrested on May 9th, 2023, from the
premises of the court where he was attending a bail hearing for multiple cases
[1-3]. Paramilitary troops forcefully entered the high court, swiftly
apprehending him and escorting him to an undisclosed location [2].
Eyewitnesses, including lawyers and court staff, reported being subjected to
physical assault during this incident. Imran Khan and his legal team were
forcibly removed from the courtroom, with Khan being dragged from his
wheelchair, before being transported away in a paramilitary vehicle within a
matter of just a few minutes.
The news of this violent arrest sparked an immediate and a strong public
outcry, prompting PTI workers and supporters to rally in large numbers across
the country [1-3]. PTI leadership immediately announced nationwide peaceful
protests, demanding the immediate release of Imran Khan [4].
Security forces resorted to deploying tear gas, water cannons and shooting at
unarmed protestors during confrontations with Khan’s supporters. PTI asserted
that several protesters were killed, and dozens injured during these protests
[4].
On 11th May 2023, Pakistan's Supreme Court ruled that former prime minister
Imran Khan's dramatic arrest was illegal, ordering his immediate release [5].

The chief justice of Pakistan, Umar Ata Bandial, declared that the National
Accountability Bureau (NAB) had acted in violation of the law by arresting
Khan from the premises of the Islamabad High Court without the court’s
permission, and that such actions would have a “chilling effect”on the sanctity
of the Court.
A written order released by the Supreme Court stated that the “manner of
execution” of Khan’s arrest was “invalid and unlawful” and had violated his
right to justice.
Amidst the chaos, reports emerged of attacks on government buildings and

military installations by violent protesters. The government swiftly pointed
fingers at PTI and Imran Khan, while the latter remained in illegal custody,
unaware of the outside events since his abduction from the Islamabad High
Court . With complete media blackout and internet shutdown in place, the true
extent of the situation remained unknown. Eventually, videos surfaced
showing individuals in plainclothes being deployed to peaceful protest
locations to instigate violence and sow chaos, ultimately to shift the blame for
the vandalism onto PTI, and launch a crackdown on the party’s leadership,
workers, and supporters [5-6].
The events of May 9th, initially portrayed as acts of vandalism and arson
against state institutions, were revealed to be a carefully orchestrated
deception. Extensive evidence, including videos and eyewitness testimonies,
exposed the orchestrated nature of May 9th as a False Flag operation to
dismantle PTI.
Fig. Imran khan in the biometric room in Islamabad High Court minutes before the arrest(left)
Paramilitray forces drag Imran Khan towards a military vehicle(right)

The architects of this operation used this as an excuse to launch a violent
attack on PTI. Many PTI leaders were illegally arrested, unlawfully detained,
and were pressured to provide false statements against Chairman Imran
Khan, condemn May 9th events and finally announce their departure from PTI
through a scripted press conference [7-13]. PTI members faced a stark choice:
announce their departure from the party and be free, or face arrest on
fabricated charges, despite court orders for their release. Numerous PTI
leaders were re-arrested between six to eight times as they remained
steadfast in their support for Imran Khan and the party. The courts appeared
powerless to enforce their rulings, suggesting influence from sources beyond
their jurisdiction.
Fig. Some of PTI leaders, workers and supporters who were unlawfully arrested, abducted,
tortured, harrassed and detained.
Imran Khan called these resignations Forced Divorces:
We had all heard about forced marriages in

Pakistan but for PTI a new phenomenon has
emerged, forced divorces.
10:56 AM · May 23, 2023

According to multiple reports at least 10,000 PTI leaders, workers and
supporters including women were arrested following May 9th events.
The state also initiated unlawful raids and ransacked the homes of PTI leaders
and workers, aiming to intimidate them and dissuade their participation in
politics. Individuals holding PTI flags were also arrested. Many PTI workers
endured violence and torture in jails under harsh conditions, all in an effort to
coerce them into withdrawing their support for Imran Khan.
Meanwhile Imran Khan and other PTI leadership strongly condemned the
events of May 9th and demanded an impartial judicial inquiry into the events of
that day and the subsequent developments that followed. The refusal to
accede to this request for a judicial inquiry has cast a dark shadow over the
integrity of the inquiries, investigations, and subsequent trials against PTI
leaders and workers related to the events of May 9th [15].

References
[1] Shahzad, A., Naiyyar, G., & Reuters. (2023, May 9). Former Pakistan PM Imran
Khan arrested, stirring nationwide violence. Reuters.
https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/former-pakistan-pm-imran-
khan-arrested-geo-tv-2023-05-09/
[2] Baloch, M., & Ellis, H. (2023, May 9). Pakistan internet cut as violence erupts
after arrest of ex-PM Imran Khan. The Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/09/pakistan-former-pm-
imran-khan-arrested-in-islamabad
[3] Hussain, S., Noack, R., & The Washington Post. (2023, May 9). Arrest of
Imran Khan arrested in Pakistan sparks unrest. The Washington Post.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/05/09/pakistan-imran-khan-
arrest/
[4] Al Jazeera. (2023, May 9). Protests erupt in Pakistan cities after Imran Khan
arrest | Imran Khan News. Al Jazeera.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/9/protests-erupt-in-pakistan-
cities-after-imran-khan-arrest
[5] Fraser, S., Davies, C., & BBC. (2023, May 11). Imran Khan: Pakistan's Supreme
Court rules arrest was illegal. BBC.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-65561807#
[6] Baloch, M., & Ellis, H. (2023, May 11). Pakistan supreme court rules arrest of
Imran Khan was illegal. The Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/11/pakistan-army-
deployed-across-country-as-unrest-triggered-by-imran-khan-arrest-
continues
[7] Baloch, M., & Ellis, H. (2023, May 19). Imran Khan alleges 'reign of terror' as
supporters face trial in military courts. The Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/19/pakistan-thousands-
imran-khan-supporters-arrested-hundreds-face-trial
[8] Business Recorder. (2023, May 22). More than 10,000 workers arrested,
claims Imran. Business Recorder. https://www.brecorder.com/news/40243445
[9] Dawn. (2023, May 24). Over 10,000 PTI workers jailed, kept in poor
conditions, laments Imran. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1755499

[10] Shahzad, A. (2023, June 6). Insight: Repeated arrests, filthy cells: Inside
Pakistan's crackdown. Reuters.
https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/repeated-arrests-filthy-cells-
inside-pakistans-crackdown-2023-06-06/
[11] Dawn. (2023, September 9). High-profile PTI politicians facing legal action
since May 9 riots. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1774736
[12] Hussain, A. (2023, May 24). Why have dozens of leaders quit Imran Khan’s
party in Pakistan? | Imran Khan News. Al Jazeera.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/24/why-have-dozens-of-leaders-
quit-imran-khans-party-in-pakistan
[13] Al Jazeera. (2023, May 11). Pakistan arrests Imran Khan's party leaders as
protests continue. Al Jazeera.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/11/pakistan-arrests-imran-khans-
party-leaders-as-protests-continue
[14] Dawn. (2023, May 23). Dawn.

[15]PTI Demands Judicial Inquiry into May 9th Events

https://www.nation.com.pk/04-Mar-2024/omar-ayub-demands-release-of-
pti-s-political-prisoners-in-na-speech

ILLEGAL EXTENDED TENURE OF
CARETAKER SETUP BEYOND 90 DAYS
After the regime change in the federal government, two major provinces of
Pakistan, Punjab and KPK were still governed by former Prime Minister Imran
Khan’s party, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). In December 2022, Imran Khan
dissolved the two assemblies. According to Pakistan’s constitution, elections
must have been held within 90 days:
Article 224(2) of the Constitution of Pakistan, elections should be held within

90 days of the premature dissolution of an Assembly - whether National or
Provincial - and the results should be declared in a maximum of 14 days after
the conclusion of polls.
Fig. Caretaker PM Kakar takes oath(left) Kakar meets outgoing PM Shehbaz Sharif(right)
In March 2023, the Supreme Court of Pakistan issued a directive mandating

the conduct of polls in the provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
within the timeframe of 90 days. The court emphasized that elections for the
provincial assemblies in these regions must be held within the stipulated
three-month period.

Fig. Cuttings from different news articles on Elections in KPK and Punjab
“Parliamentary democracy is one of the salient features of the

constitution. There can be no parliamentary democracy without
parliament or the provincial assemblies. Elections, and the periodic
holding of elections, therefore, underpin the very fabric of the
constitution,” the court said in its order.
The PDM parties, along with the incumbent Caretaker governments, spared no
effort in attempting to postpone the elections. When questioned about their
actions, their responses were marked by the most unconventional and
bewildering justifications, seemingly aimed at masking these unconstitutional
maneuvers, and constructing a narrative to justify them.
Fig. News of Supreme court order on conducting polls within 90 days

As the general elections scheduled for November 2023 approached, the PDM
(Pakistan Democratic Movement) and the caretaker setup under Anwaar ul
Haq Kakar employed various tactics to postpone the electoral process. The
government, through its law minister, declared that the voting could only
proceed after the completion of a new census and the delimitation of new
constituencies. The minister estimated that this process could extend over a
period of four months, further contributing to the delay in holding the general
elections, hence violating the constitution.
Following are some of the statements of PDM and caretaker ministers:
Fig. News articles on PDM ministers statements about delaying elections
On Supreme Court’s order to hold elections within 90 days in Punjab and KPK,
Interior Minister Rana Sanaullah reiterated that Punjab polls won't happen on
May 14,. He further said that if the elections are held in May 2023, no party
would accept the elections. He defended himself by saying that no one
including the army, judiciary and the election commission were ready to
conduct elections in May. (Faisalabad - April 2023)
At another occasion he said:
“If the institutions, the ECP, and other responsible people believe holding
elections is necessary they will do it, and if they think after May 1 another issue
can start, then it’s possible they may postpone it.” (March 2023)
When asked if the year 2023 is the year of general elections, while talking on a
private news Channel, Interior Minister Rana Sanaullah said "In a
straightforward answer - no". When asked about the possibility of a caretaker
set up being around for more than three months, Sanaullah said that this is
not an anomaly. (August 2023)
In a conversation with CNN's Becky Anderson, Defence Minister Khawaja Asif

said that the 90 days deadline cannot be missed but "under some conditions,
the election commission has the power to delay it". (August 2023)

PML-N Senator Ishaq Dar asserted that the demand for holding general
elections within 90 days of the National Assembly’s dissolution was
“unconstitutional” after the approval of the census. (October 2023)
Raja Pervaiz Ashraf said that the general elections cannot be held in 90 days
after the 2023 census approval. (August 2023)
Co-chairman of the Pakistan Peoples' Party (PPP), came to the defence of the
Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP), asserting that a fresh delimitation
exercise has become obligatory following the notification of the new census.
He said that the country is currently going through an economic crisis. We all
should worry about the economy first instead of politics. (September 2023)
As for the Supreme Court’s order to hold elections within the constitutionally
mandated 90 days in Punjab and KPK, under the leadership of Shehbaz Sharif,
the parliament passed a motion rejecting the Supreme Court’s order for polls
to proceed. Addressing the National Assembly afterward, Shehbaz Sharif said
the court's latest decision amounted to a "murder of justice." (April 2023)
The PDM’s PM, Shehbaz Sharif said that elections will be held only on the basis
of the 2023 digital census, hinting towards a delay between eight months to
one year.
“We have to hold the elections on the basis of the new census. When the
census has been conducted, the polls should be held on its basis unless there
is an obstacle that cannot be overcome.” he said during an interview. (August
2023)
Fig. Asif Zardari(PPP), Shehbaz Sharif(PMLN), Bilawal Bhutto(PPP), Fazl-ur-Rahman(JUIF), Nawaz

Sharif(PMLN), Anwar-ul-Haq Kakar(Caretaker PM), Sikandar Sultan Raja(Election Commissioner) (Left to Right)
President of the ruling coalition, PDM, Maulana Fazlur Rehman rejected the
apex court’s decision to hold elections in Punjab within 90 days, saying that
the government was being asked to hold polls in 90 days although the “same
Supreme Court had given Gen. Pervez Musharraf three years to hold polls.”

“Sometimes, in the eyes of the Supreme Court, holding polls in three years is a
constitutional requirement and sometimes it gives authority to an individual
to make amendments to the Constitution,” the PDM chief said. Rehman added
that a decision in this regard would be made by the government after
reviewing all relevant aspects, including the “law and order situation, weak
national exchequer and price hike.” (March 2023)
The National Assembly passed a motion against the Supreme Court Order,
“This house rejects the minority decision of the three-member bench and
binds the prime minister and the cabinet not to implement the
unconstitutional and unlawful decision,” legislator Khalid Magsi said while
reading the motion. (April 2023)
The Parliament adopted the resolution rejecting the Supreme Court’s order to
hold elections for two provincial legislatures in the country within the
timeframe stipulated by the Constitution. The Speaker of the House said that a
majority of lawmakers had voted to reject the decision by the court’s three-
member bench, headed by the chief justice and to demand a full court bench
consisting of all judges to hear the case.
The military establishment, which appeared to align with the PDM, also
engaged in efforts to delay the elections through the defense ministry. In April
2023, the defense ministry submitted a report to the Supreme Court of
Pakistan, warning of various threats to holding elections within 90 days as per
the order of the Supreme Court. These threats included cross-border
terrorism, internal instability, risks posed by TTP and IS fighters returning to
Pakistan, as well as the malicious intentions of the Indian spy agency RAW,
and even the potential of an all-out war with neighboring countries. The
report, presented to the top court alongside an application to withdraw its
election-date order, aimed to postpone elections in Punjab and Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa [6].
After the Supreme Court’s Verdict, the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP)
expressed its inability to conduct general elections within three months, citing
various legal hitches and procedural challenges as the reason.
They submitted a report to the Supreme Court of Pakistan that the

government provided them with neither funds, nor security for elections in
Punjab.

After the National Assembly was dissolved, the ECP decided to conduct a fresh
delimitation of Constituencies on the basis of the new census, delaying the
general elections which were scheduled to be held within the 90-day
constitutional period since the dissolution of the Parliament. The
announcement by the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) came soon after
an 18-member Cabinet of the newly appointed caretaker Prime Minister
Anwar-ul-Haq Kakar took oath.
Fig. News articles about ECP Delaying Elections
Chairman PTI Imran Khan and his party members appeared to be the sole
advocates for adhering to the constitutional provision of holding elections
within the prescribed 90-day limit given in the Constitution of Pakistan. Imran
Khan, on numerous occasions, emphatically reiterated how the PDM and the
Caretaker governments had transgressed the constitution, unlawfully
governing major provinces and depriving the people of their constitutional
right to elect their representatives.
Fig. Imran Khan (left), Shah Mehmood Qureshi (Right)

Whether it's a 5 member SC bench or Full Bench, it makes no
difference to us because all we want to know is if elections will be held
within the 90 days' constitutional provision. Before we dissolved our 2
Prov assemblies, I consulted our top constitutional lawyers, all of whom
were absolutely clear that the 90-day Constitutional provision on
holding of elections was inviolable. Now Imported Govt of crooks, their
handlers & a compromised ECP are making a complete mockery of
Constitution. By cherry picking which Articles of Constitution they will
abide by, they are threatening the very foundation of Pakistan, which is
the Constitution & Rule of Law. So petrified are they of elections & so
desperate to whitewash their convicted leaders that they are prepared
to destroy the Constitution & any semblance of Rule of Law.
Imran Khan (March 2023)
In November 2023, a three-member bench of the apex court comprising of

Chief Justice of Pakistan Qazi Faez Isa, Justice Aminuddin Khan and Justice
Minallah heard a set of petitions calling for holding elections within 90 days
after the dissolution of the National Assembly and the provincial legislatures.
On 22nd November 2023, Justice Minallah of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, in

his comprehensive 41-page additional note, penned in connection with
petitions seeking a date for the general elections, underscores that even a
one-day delay in conducting general elections beyond the stipulated 90 days
constitutes the most serious violation of the Constitution, resulting in the
denial of constitutional rights to the people. Such a delay goes so far as to
effectively suspend the Constitution, as it undermines its foundational
principle—the exercise of powers and authority of the State through duly
elected representatives [3-4].
Fig. Justice Athar Minnallah of Supreme Court of Pakistan

It was later revealed that the next elected government is likely to be in place
by the end of February or the first week of March following the 8 February
general elections in the country, making the current caretaker setup the
longest to stay in office for almost five and a half months contrary to the
constitutional requirement of three months [5].
Fig. President Arif Alvi

References
[1] PTI. (n.d.). Elections Beyond 90 Days –“The Gravest Violation Of The
Constitution”. insaf.pk. https://insaf.pk/news/elections%C2%A0beyond-90-
days-%E2%80%93%E2%80%9C-gravest-violation-constitution%E2%80%9D
[2] The Guardian. (2023, August 7). Fears grow Pakistani government will
delay general election due this year. The Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/06/fears-grow-pakistani-
government-will-delay-general-election-due-this-year
[3] Business Recorder. (2023, November 24). Business Recorder.

[4] The Express Tribune. (2023, November 23). Poll delay amounts to
'suspension of Constitution'. The Express Tribune.
https://tribune.com.pk/story/2447734/poll-delay-amounts-to-suspension-
of-constitution
[5] Business Recorder. (2024, February 7). Next govt likely by Feb-end:
Caretaker setup remains longest contrary to constitution. Business Recorder.
https://www.brecorder.com/news/40287704/next-govt-likely-by-feb-end-
caretaker-setup-remains-longest-contrary-to-constitution
[6] Iqbal, N., & Bangash, A. (2023, April 20). Report to SC warned of 'cross-
border terrorism, all-out war with India'. Dawn.

GERRYMANDERING AND
IRREGULARITIES IN ELECTORAL ROLLS
Delimitation is a crucial process in ensuring the smooth and efficient conduct
of elections within a country. It involves dividing the total electoral territory into
smaller units known as constituencies. The primary objective is to facilitate fair
representation of the populace in parliament, particularly in large or
geographically diverse nations where conducting elections across the entire
area as a single unit is impractical. The Election Commission of Pakistan
(ECP), established under Article 218 of the Constitution, is responsible for
delimiting both national and provincial level constituencies.
The delimitation process undertaken late last year emerged as one of the
most contentious aspects of Pakistan's electoral landscape. Widespread
discontent surrounding this exercise found its roots in a crucial meeting
convened in August 2023, which set off a series of events that significantly
impacted the electoral timeline and procedures.
On August 9, 2023, just four days before the dissolution of the National
Assembly, the coalition government led by the Pakistan Democratic
Movement (PDM) organized a session of the Council of Common Interests
(CCI).
It must be noted that The CCI meeting was attended by caretaker provincial
governments of KP and Punjab, which lacked public representation and
exceeded their designated mandate. The primary agenda of this meeting was
to endorse the results of the 2023 digital census, a move aimed at fulfilling
constitutional obligations regarding the allocation of seats in the National
Assembly based on population figures [1].
This decision effectively closed the door on the possibility of holding timely
elections within the 90-day constitutional limit [1]. The delay in election dates,
purportedly to await census results, has fueled suspicions that the timing was
orchestrated to allow Nawaz Sharif more time to prepare for his electoral
campaign after returning from exile in the UK. Critics, including political figures
from various parties, have accused the ECP of engaging in pre-poll rigging
and political engineering to undermine opposition parties, particularly
targeting regions where the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) holds significant
support [2].

The delimitation process faced a substantial number of objections, with over
1,300 representations filed over the preliminary delimitation. This highlighted
the contentious nature of the process and raises concerns regarding its
fairness and transparency. More than 80% of petitions filed against the
delimitation committee claim bias towards specific individuals, groups, or
parties, further eroding confidence in the electoral process [3].
The Free and Fair Elections Network (FAFEN) highlighted discrepancies in the
Election Commission of Pakistan's (ECP) proposed delimitation of
constituencies, revealing that as many as 180 constituencies across national
and provincial assemblies fail to meet the legal requirement of a 10% variation
in population. This revelation, according to FAFEN, compromised the principle
of equal suffrage endorsed by recent amendments to the Elections Act 2017 by
the parliament [4].
In the run-up to the elections, voters were thrown into a state of confusion and
frustration as reports emerged of their votes being unexpectedly relocated to
distant polling stations. Despite the Article 27 and Article 37 of Election Act of
2017 clearly stipulating that voters must register in their home constituencies,
reports emerged of votes being haphazardly split between different
constituencies. Several instances arose where family members' votes were
split between two National Assembly constituencies, causing major
inconvenience. Social media platforms were inundated with complaints about
the abrupt transfers, with individuals discovering their votes moved without
their consent. Despite attempts to seek clarification from the Election
Commission of Pakistan (ECP), many were left dissatisfied with the response.
This move appeared as a calculated effort to deter and impede first-time
voters from casting their ballots, particularly considering that a significant
portion of these individuals were viewed as supporters of the PTI [5].

References
[1] Dawn News. (2024, January 17). The (political) science behind delimitation -
Elections 2024 - DAWN.COM. Dawn News.
[2] The Guardian. (2023, November 29). Pakistan election commission accused
of changing voting map to favour ex-PM. The Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/29/pakistan-election-
commission-accused-of-changing-voting-map-to-favour-ex-pm
[3] Dawn News. (2023, October 1). 180 constituencies 'violate' 10pc variance
limit - Pakistan - DAWN.COM. Dawn News.
[4] The Express Tribune. (2023, October 1). Delimitations 'undermine principle of
equal suffrage'. The Express Tribune.
https://tribune.com.pk/story/2438541/delimitations-undermine-principle-of-
equal-suffrage
[5] Geo News. (2024, February 8). Transfer of votes from home constituencies
sparks confusion among voters. Geo.tv.
https://www.geo.tv/latest/530400-transfer-of-votes-from-home-
constituencies-sparks-confusion-among-voters

FORCEFUL CLOSURE OF PTI OFFICES
In the months leading up to elections, several offices of PTI across various
regions of Pakistan were forcibly sealed, raising concerns about political
interference and infringement of fundamental rights.
For instance, in June 2023, PTI’s Karachi offices were arbitrarily sealed by law
enforcement agencies without due legal process. Akram Cheema, president of
PTI's Karachi chapter, filed a petition in the Sindh High Court against the
sealing of their offices in the city which he deemed illegal and a violation of
citizens' fundamental rights [1].
Similarly, in December 2023, authorities sealed PTI's central Punjab office just a
day after it was opened on court orders. Despite a civil judge's directive to
open the office, the Lahore Development Authority resealed it, prompting PTI
information secretary Shayan Bashir to denounce the act as unlawful and
contradictory to the court's orders [2].
Just a week prior to the elections, police denied PTI members the right to hold
its general body meeting as part of the intra-party elections. PTI Secretary
General Omar Ayub Khan criticized the police and highlighted instances where
PTI's central offices in Islamabad and Quetta were encircled by the police,
preventing party members from accessing the premises [3].
As the elections drew nearer, reports surfaced that police, accompanied by

masked unidentified individuals, sealed the election offices of PTI candidates
in Lahore, including those of Aliya Hamza and Saba Deewan [4]. Additionally,
Punjab police conducted raids on PTI election offices and the homes of party
leaders and supporters, harassing women workers in the process [5].
These incidents can only be perceived as a concerted effort to undermine PTI’s

electoral campaign.

References
[1] The News International. (2023, June 6). High court moved against sealing of
PTI offices. The News International.
https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1077520-high-court-moved-against-
sealing-of-pti-offices
[2] ARY News. (2023, December 5). PTI's Central Punjab office sealed again.
ARY News. https://arynews.tv/ptis-central-punjab-office-sealed-again/
[3] Pakistan Today. (2024, January 31). PTI condemns sealing of Central Office
Islamabad, Quetta. Pakistan Today.
https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2024/01/31/pti-condemns-sealing-ptis-
central-office-islamabad-quetta/
[4] Shah, M., & Dawn News. (2024, February 5). PTI alleges police sealed
election office in Lahore. Dawn News. https://www.dawn.com/news/1811329
[5] Shah, M., Farooq, K. K., & Dawn News. (2024, February 6). Police raids on PTI
offices, leaders' houses continue across Punjab. Dawn News.

HINDRANCES IN FILING NOMINATION
PAPERS: SNATCHING OF NOMINATION FILES
In the lead-up to the elections, a plethora of reports emerged from numerous

candidates encountering hurdles while filing their nomination papers. These
hindrances, ranging from bureaucratic hurdles to outright intimidation tactics,
raise concerns about the integrity of the electoral process and the democratic
rights of aspiring candidates.
According to multiple accounts, incidents of interference and obstruction were

reported across various constituencies, indicating a concerted effort to limit
the pool of PTI candidates and potentially influence the outcome of the
elections scheduled for February 8th, 2024. In fact, the occurrence of snatching
incidents were reported in as many as 37 constituencies [1].
In Gujrat district, nomination papers of Saleem Sarwar Jora, the president of

PTI in Gujrat, were not received, depriving him of the opportunity to contest the
elections. Similarly, reports surfaced regarding the papers of Intezar Hussain
Panjotha, a member of PTI founder Imran Khan’s legal team, not being
received by the relevant Returning Officer (RO), raising questions about the
impartiality of the electoral authorities [2].
Instances of arbitrary detention also marred the nomination process for PTI
candidates. Munawar Gill, a potential candidate, was picked up by the police
from the RO’s office even before he could submit his nomination papers. He
was subsequently held in custody until office hours elapsed, effectively
obstructing his candidacy [1].
Moreover, the ordeal extended to the inner circles of PTI’s leadership, with Shah
Mehmood Qureshi’s secretary facing obstacles in obtaining nomination
papers from the Adiala Jail premises. This incident underscores the
pervasiveness of the challenges encountered by PTI candidates at various
levels of the political spectrum [1].

The mistreatment of Pervaiz Elahi’s wife at the Election Commission Office
while submitting nomination papers on her husband’s behalf further
highlights the systemic barriers faced by PTI-affiliated individuals. Such
incidents not only undermine the democratic principles of inclusivity and fair
representation but also reflect poorly on the electoral infrastructure’s ability to
uphold basic rights [3].
The atmosphere surrounding the nomination process was fraught with

uncertainty and apprehension, to the extent that even prominent politicians
like Imran Khan's lawyer, Salman Akram Raja, expressed concerns about
potential arrests: “Unknown individuals are snatching nomination papers from
the PTI candidates, even if they get it. I am also planning to file nomination
papers and can possibly get arrested.” [2].
In a particularly alarming incident, Rehana Dar, the mother of former PTI

member Usman Dar, faced harassment and physical abuse by Punjab police
officers during a raid on her home [4]. Mrs. Dar, who expressed her intention to
contest elections from Sialkot, found herself targeted as part of what she
described as a campaign to deter her candidacy. Her impassioned plea for
justice to the Chief Justice of Pakistan underscored the gravity of her situation:
“They deployed a heavy contingent of police outside my house. All that is
happening, I tell you the truth that it is designed to stop me from contesting in
the elections... My son Umar Dar has been abducted and all this is happening
only to stop me from election, Chief Justice give [me] justice... " [5].
These accounts of interference, intimidation, and abuse represent a

concerning pattern of behavior aimed at undermining the democratic process
and stifling political dissent.

References
[1] Dawn News. (2023, December 22). Alarm over 'snatching' of PTI nomination
papers - Pakistan - DAWN.COM. Dawn News.
[2] Dawn News. (2023, December 25). Submission of nomination forms

remains uphill task for PTI. Dawn News. https://www.dawn.com/news/1800564
[3] PTI USA. (2023, December 25). Statement of Pervez Elahi's Wife. PTI USA
Official. https://twitter.com/PTIOfficialCA/status/1739356023675138544
[4] PTI USA. (2024, December 18). Usman Dar's mother's statement. PTI USA
Official. https://x.com/PTIOfficialUSA/status/1736971635159101551
[5] PTI USA. (2023, December 30). Mrs. Dar appeals to the Chief Justice of
Pakistan for her son’s recovery. PTI USA Official.
https://x.com/PTIOfficialUSA/status/1741119262314385720

LEGAL CHALLENGES AND REJECTIONS:
UNPRECEDENTED NUMBER OF REJECTION
OF NOMINEES
As Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf prepared for the crucial elections of 2024, the
party faced a series of legal challenges and an unprecedented number of
rejections of nomination papers. These challenges, ranging from unlawful
arrests to abduction and a high rejection rate of nominees, raised significant
concerns about the integrity and fairness of the electoral process, hinting at
potential pre-poll rigging tactics.
The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) documented a litany of

legal challenges faced by political activists and leaders [1]. These included the
filing of vague First Information Reports (FIRs) on charges like disturbing public
order, prompting concerns about equitable treatment [2]. Furthermore, the
unprecedented rejection of a substantial number of nomination papers,
especially those of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) and other parties, raised
suspicions of a manipulated electoral process. The extraordinarily high
rejection rate, coupled with reports of nomination papers being forcibly seized
before submission, heightened apprehensions about the fairness of the
electoral mechanism.
The co-chairperson of the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, Munizae

Jahangir, during a press briefing held in Islamabad [3], highlighted that
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf was "being dismembered in a systematic manner"
and that the rejection of nomination papers for most of its candidates raised
questions about the country's Election Commission. People should be allowed
to vote for their candidate of choice on February 8, she added, and there are
"apprehensions that the electoral process is being engineered."
However, one of the most alarming aspects leading up to the elections was
the rejection of a substantial number of nomination papers, particularly those
belonging to PTI and other parties [4]. The rejection rate, estimated to be
around 90%, had raised suspicions of an engineered electoral process aimed
at excluding certain candidates from the race.

Prominent leaders within PTI, such as Shah Mahmood Qureshi, had faced
rejections in crucial constituencies, casting doubts on the impartiality of the
scrutiny process. Additionally, notable figures like Azam Khan Swati, Zulfi
Bukhari, Rehana Dar encountered similar rejections, often on technical
grounds such as the non-availability of an endorser or attestor [5].
The list of rejected nominees extended beyond high-profile figures,

encompassing a wide array of candidates from various constituencies. This
widespread rejection had sparked debates and concerns within the political
spectrum, as it potentially disenfranchised a significant portion of the
electorate and undermined the principles of democratic representation [6].
Furthermore, the continued imprisonment of women associated with PTI since

May 9th, 2023, had raised additional red flags regarding the fairness of the
electoral process. Not only did this violate the individual rights of these
women, but it also infringed upon the fundamental right to political
representation and association, thereby eroding the democratic fabric of the
nation.
In one of the prime examples, Sanam Javed, a supporter of Pakistan Tehreek-

e-Insaf, who has been incarcerated since May 2023, also filed her nomination
papers which were initially outrightly rejected by ECP. In a revealing interview,
it became evident that the individual responsible for rejecting her nomination
papers struggled to provide coherent answers regarding the nature of the
complaints against Sanam Javed [7].
The widespread systematic rejection of nominees over frivolous reasons from

a particular political party raises serious concerns of political maneuvering
and manipulation. It suggests a deliberate effort to weaken the electoral
prospects of that party, depriving them of a fair chance to participate in the
democratic process.

References
[1] Human Rights Commission of Pakistan. (2023, December 23). HRCP is

deeply concerned to learn that various PTI candidates are allegedly being
prevented by authorities from filing their nomination papers for the upcoming
elections. Human Rights Commission of Pakistan.
https://x.com/HRCP87/status/1738515041329242190
[2] Human Rights Council of Pakistan. (2024, December 26). The news is
coming out now that the members recommending and endorsing political
candidates of Tehreek-e-Insaf are being harassed and kidnapped. Human
Rights Council of Pakistan.
https://twitter.com/HRCPakistan/status/1739590789729222854
[3] CTV News. (2024, January 1). Pakistan election unlikely to be fair:
commission. CTV News. https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/pakistan-human-
rights-body-says-an-upcoming-election-is-unlikely-to-be-free-and-fair-
1.6706813
[4] VOA News. (2024, January 1). Pakistan's Upcoming Election Under Scrutiny
Amid Pre-Poll Rigging Charges. VOA News.
https://www.voanews.com/a/pakistan-s-upcoming-election-under-
scrutiny-amid-pre-poll-rigging-charges-/7421036.html
[5] Pakistan Today. (2023, December 31). PTI faces 'unprecedented wave' of
rejections of nominations. Pakistan Today.
https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2023/12/31/as-scrutiny-ends-pti-faces-
unprecedented-wave-of-rejections-of-nominations/
[6] Human Rights Commission of Pakistan. (2024, December 31). The rejection
of a large number of nomination papers filed by PTI candidates. Human Rights
https://twitter.com/HRCP87/status/1741476199493165153
[7] PTI USA. (2023, December 31). The farcical process through which
nomination papers of potential PTI election candidates were rejected by the
biased election commission officials,. PTI USA Official.

HOUSE RAIDS, UNLAWFUL ARRESTS
AND ABDUCTIONS
Fig. Police raid on PTI leader Usman Dar’s house in his absense
In the lead-up to the elections, the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI)

encountered a wave of oppressive measures from authorities, signaling a
tumultuous period in the political landscape. As PTI initiated its workers'
conventions nationwide, aimed at galvanizing support and momentum, the
response from law enforcement agencies was swift and severe. Across various
regions, crackdowns ensued, targeting PTI candidates, political workers, and
supporters alike. Notably, in Upper Dir, approximately 60 PTI workers found
themselves detained in connection with a party convention, while in Swat,
claims emerged from PTI sources alleging the arrest of around 200 activists.
The situation escalated further in Abbottabad, where Galiyat police conducted
a raid on the residence of PTI leader Ghazanfar Ali Abbasi, with unconfirmed
reports suggesting his arrest [1].
Meanwhile, in Mianwali, another disturbing incident unfolded as police forcibly

entered the residence of Khursheed Anwar Khan, a correspondent for Dawn,
without legal justification, subjecting his family to harassment. The intrusion
was purportedly driven by the police's discontent with Khursheed Khan's
reporting on incidents involving the snatching of nomination papers from PTI
candidates and his support for Amara Niazi, a relative and PTI district vice
president. The tension escalated as police also targeted lawyers facilitating
the nomination process for PTI candidates, prompting protests from the legal
community and demands for institutional accountability [2].

Further adding to the turmoil, former state minister and prominent PTI leader
Zartaj Gul Wazir raised concerns about the abduction of her lawyer and the
subsequent arrest of her proposer and seconder from the Returning Officer's
(RO) Office. In a video statement, Zartaj decried the unjust treatment of PTI
women and highlighted the challenges faced by supporters who faced
incarceration for their allegiance [3].
Moreover in Attock, amidst the electoral process, another troubling incident

added to the growing concerns. The female seconder and proposer for PTI
district Attock President and candidate for PP-01 Hazro Attock, Qazi Ahmad
Akbar, were abducted, amplifying anxieties about the safety and security of
those involved in the democratic process.
Furthermore, reports surfaced of election staff engaging in illegal harassment

of PTI candidates during the scrutiny of their nomination papers, intensifying
tensions and casting doubt on the fairness of the electoral environment. These
distressing developments underscored the broader challenges and
vulnerabilities faced by political participants and highlighted the urgent need
for measures to safeguard the integrity of the electoral process [4].
Barrister Gohar Ali Khan, addressing the unfolding situation, condemned the
manner in which PTI candidates' nomination papers were rejected and how
proposers and seconders were obstructed and abducted, stating that it made
a mockery of the law. He emphasized that such actions undermined the
credibility of the election process, highlighting the grave implications for the
democratic integrity of the electoral system [5].
In another instance of apparent political targeting, police raided the residence

of Omer Ayub in Islamabad. Omer Ayub Khan, speaking out against the raid,
attributed it to what he described as a "fascist caretaker government,"
asserting that the action was taken solely because of his unwavering support
for Imran Khan, the leader of PTI. The raid on Ayub's house further fueled
concerns about the impartiality of law enforcement agencies and raised
questions about the extent of political interference in state institutions [6].
The Islamabad police conducted a raid on the residence of PTI Chairman

Barrister Gohar Ali Khan. Initially, authorities denied conducting a raid at the
residence of Gohar Ali Khan, the PTI Chairman [7].

However, the emergence of a viral video on social media prompted a shift in
their stance, leading to the issuance of contradictory statements regarding
the incident. Subsequently, in a later statement, the police attributed the raid
on the PTI chairman's house to confusion surrounding the address.
Subsequently, Barrister Gohar Ali Khan revealed distressing details upon

returning to court, alleging that his son and nephew had been subjected to
police brutality during the raid. Additionally, valuable items, including a
computer and documents, were confiscated from his residence. Police
sources, speaking anonymously to Dawn, disclosed that the raid was executed
under the directives of senior officers, with a team arriving in four vehicles to
carry out the operation. While the police initially claimed the raid was based
on a tip-off regarding proclaimed offenders, they later retracted their
statement upon realizing the residence belonged to the PTI chief. Despite this,
Barrister Gohar Ali Khan asserted that the police had indeed seized items from
his house, contradicting the official stance.
In response to the incident, PTI issued a statement condemning the raid,

denouncing it as unlawful. The party spokesperson decried the assault on
Barrister Gohar's family members and the seizure of valuables by unidentified
masked individuals. The raid sparked outrage within PTI circles and raised
concerns about the misuse of state power for political ends, further
intensifying tensions between the party and law enforcement authorities.
In another concerning development, police conducted a raid in late January

at the residence of veteran political leader Javed Hashmi and detained his
son-in-law, Zahid Hashmi. This incident unfolded on the very day Hashmi was
organizing a Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) convention at his ancestral home,
adding to suspicions of targeted harassment against PTI affiliates. Zahid
Hashmi, a candidate from PP-220 Multan for PTI, found himself detained
amidst the unfolding political activities, further underscoring the heightened
tensions surrounding PTI's electoral efforts. This raid on Hashmi's residence
marked yet another instance of law enforcement intervention coinciding with
PTI's organizational activities, raising questions about the impartiality and
motivations behind such actions [8].
Exacerbating the already troubling situation, law enforcement authorities

conducted raids on the residences of Sheikh Waqas Akram, a former federal
minister and PTI candidate for NA-109 in Jhang, as well as on the residence of
Mehr Qaiser Abbas, the former PPP President of Jhang city.

However, both individuals were absent at the time of the raids. Condemning
the police action, Abbas, who recently joined PTI, expressed bewilderment over
the reasons behind the raids, asserting that his sole "sin" was supporting PTI
candidates. Meanwhile, in a separate development, PTI leader Ali Raza Tippu
was arrested in Jhang, although the specifics of the case remained unclear.
Tippu, known for his active participation in the election campaign for PTI
candidates, found himself ensnared in the escalating tensions surrounding
the electoral process [9].
Moreover, PTI spokespersons reported disturbing incidents in Sargodha, where

high court lawyer Khalid Ranjha and his elderly father were forcibly abducted
from their home, adding to the growing unease surrounding the electoral
climate [10].
Similarly, in Gujrat, PTI nominees for NA-64 and PP-34, Chaudhary Qaisara
Elahi and Sameera Elahi respectively, reported that the police conducted a
raid at Zahoor Elahi’s house and confiscated documents and electronic
devices.
Fig. Late-night police raids being conducted at the homes of PTI leaders and workers.

In Sialkot, tensions escalated as police vans and a substantial police presence
surrounded the residence of NA-71 candidate Rehana Dar during a rally she
was conducting. The attempt to arrest her amidst the campaign activity
added to the atmosphere of unease surrounding the electoral process [11].
In Lahore, Yasmin Rashid, a 70-plus-year-old cancer survivor, who contested

against Nawaz Sharif, found herself indicted by an Anti-Terrorism Court just
days before the elections. The indictment stemmed from a case linked to the
attack on a police station in Lahore during the May 9 violence, which ensued
following the arrest of Khan by paramilitary Rangers [12]. Despite clear
evidence of her efforts to maintain peace and prevent violence [13], Yasmin
Rashid finds herself unjustly detained for over nine months.
The series of oppressive events unfolded throughout Pakistan, portraying a

troubling image of the electoral process tainted by allegations of intimidation,
harassment, and interference. From the closure of election offices to the
abduction of individuals and the indictment of political opponents, these
incidents underscored the challenges that Pakistan's democracy faced. The
widespread occurrence of these events highlighted a troubling pattern of
undermining democratic principles, casting doubts on the fairness and
transparency of the electoral process.
Fig. Police raids being conducted at the homes of PTI leaders and workers.

References
[1] Dawn. (2023, November 27). Amid police crackdown, PTI holds workers'
conventions - Newspaper - DAWN.COM. Dawn.
[2] Dawn. (2023, December 22). House of Dawn correspondent raided for
reports on PTI leaders. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1799743
[3] The Express Tribune. (2023, December 26). PTI still seeks fair conduct
despite ECP orders. The Express Tribune.
https://tribune.com.pk/story/2451231/pti-still-seeks-fair-conduct-despite-
ecp-orders
[4] Pakistan Today. (2023, December 29). ECP fails to curb abduction,
harassment of PTI candidates, seconders, proposers. Pakistan Today.
https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2023/12/29/ecp-fails-to-curb-
abduction-harassment-of-pti-candidates-seconders-proposers/
[5] PTI USA. (2024, December 31). Barrister Gohar's Statement. PTI USA Official.
https://x.com/PTIOfficialUSA/status/1741549096618303981?s=20
[6] Siasat.pk. (2024, January 13). Omer Ayub House Raid. Siasat.pk.
https://x.com/siasatpk/status/1746127604401517037
[7] Dawn. (2024, January 14). Police 'mistakenly' raid house of PTI chairman in
Islamabad. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1805614
[8] The Express Tribune. (2024, January 25). Police raid Hashmi's residence,
'arrest' son-in-law. The Express Tribune.
https://tribune.com.pk/story/2454352/police-raid-hashmis-residence-
arrest-son-in-law

DISRUPTION OF INTERNET SERVICES
Prior to the elections, Pakistan repeatedly experienced strategically timed
internet disruptions coinciding with virtual election rallies organized by PTI.
Such disruptions severely curtailed the party's ability to communicate
effectively with voters through major social media platforms, potentially
affecting their electoral prospects.
This trend essentially started in May 2022 [1], as internet disruptions were
observed across Pakistan when former Prime Minister Imran Khan was holding
mass rallies. Later, disruptions to YouTube's services occurred multiple times
during live streams of Imran Khan’s speeches on the online platform [2]. Over
time, such internet disruptions became a recurring theme. In May 2023, there
were also instances of internet disruptions throughout Pakistan coinciding
with the mass rallies led by the ousted Prime Minister Imran Khan [3][4][5]
[6].
Then again, on December 17th, 2023, Pakistan witnessed a widespread internet

outage just hours before a virtual gathering hosted by the Pakistan Tehreek-
e-Insaf (PTI) party, led by Imran Khan [7][8][9][10]. Major social media
platforms, including YouTube, Meta, and Google, were rendered inaccessible,
severely hampering PTI's ability to engage with voters and disseminate its
message effectively [11][12][13][14][15].
According to Downdetector's data [11], users attempting to connect to

YouTube, Meta, and Google Services encountered slow loading speeds and
accessibility issues. Around 9:30 pm, more than 1,000 YouTube users in
Pakistan reported issues, with 51% experiencing difficulties accessing the
website, 35% reporting app crashes or poor performance, and 14% facing
streaming problems.
Google Services, particularly the widely used Google search, were also
affected, with 59% of complaints related to search issues. Additionally, 36% of
users reported problems with the company's website, and 5% encountered
difficulties with Google Drive.
The timing of the internet outage raised eyebrows, occurring just before the
PTI's virtual assembly scheduled for 9:00 pm. Netblocks, an internet watchdog,
highlighted this temporal correlation, leading to speculation about a potential
connection between the outage and the political event.

This disruption was not an isolated event but part of a larger pattern of
interference. On January 7th similar disruptions occurred, coinciding with PTI's
election fundraising telethon which was confirmed by Netblocks. According to
Netblocks [16]: “Confirmed: Live metrics show a nation-scale disruption to
social media platforms across #Pakistan, including X/Twitter, Facebook,
Instagram and YouTube; the incident comes as persecuted former PM Imran
Khan's party, PTI, launches its election fundraising telethon.” And then again
on January 20th, internet suspensions were experienced across Pakistan
coinciding with PTI’s another virtual gathering. Netblocks live metrics again
corroborated [17]: “Confirmed: Live metrics show a nation-scale disruption to
social media platforms across #Pakistan, including X/Twitter, Facebook,
Instagram and YouTube; the incident comes as the persecuted opposition
leader Imran Khan's political party, PTI, launches its second virtual gathering.”
The Human Rights Council of Pakistan condemned these actions, emphasizing

that every political party and individual in Pakistan has the constitutional right
to hold rallies and express their opinions freely [18]: “After the schedule of
general elections, every political party and individual of Pakistan has the
constitutional freedom to hold their political rallies and processions. It means
that democratic principles are not being implemented in Pakistan and basic
political rights are becoming rigid. It is the responsibility of the Election
Commission, State (Government of Pakistan) and Constitutional Institutions to
provide an equal level playing field to all political parties for elections.”
These disruptions, meticulously timed to impede PTI's activities, raise serious

questions about the integrity of the electoral process. The timing of these
disruptions, just before crucial political events, cannot be dismissed as mere
coincidence. It raises serious concerns of a blatant attempt to stifle dissent
and manipulate the narrative in favor of the ruling party. The use of internet
disruptions is a clear violation of basic democratic principles and
fundamental human rights. It undermines the right to freedom of expression
and political participation, depriving citizens of their ability to make informed
choices and engage in meaningful dialogue.

References
[1] Netblocks. (2022, May 25). Real-time network data show internet
disruptions across #Pakistan as ousted Prime Minister Imran Khan organizes
mass rallies. Netblocks.
https://twitter.com/netblocks/status/1529449332142968837
[2] NetBlocks. (2022, August 21). Metrics corroborate reports of a disruption to

YouTube in Pakistan on multiple internet providers. NetBlocks.
https://x.com/netblocks/status/1561373496747458560
[3] Netblocks. (2023, May 9). Live metrics show that Twitter, Facebook and
YouTube are now restricted across #Pakistan amid the arrest of former PM
Imran Khan. Netblocks.
[4] Netblocks. (2023, May 9). In addition to social media restrictions, real-time
network data show that total internet shutdowns are now in effect in some
regions of #Pakistan. Netblocks.
[5] Netblocks. (2023, May 10). Metrics show internet blackouts and social
media restrictions remain in place in #Pakistan. Netblocks.
[6] Netblocks. (2023, May 11). Metrics show that social media remain restricted
in #Pakistan alongside widespread mobile/broadband internet shutdowns.
Netblocks. https://x.com/netblocks/status/1656665167697182724
[7] Netblocks. (2023, December 17). Live metrics show a nation-scale

disruption to social media platforms across #Pakistan. Netblocks.
[8] Netblocks. (2023, December 18). Metrics show major social media
platforms were restricted in #Pakistan for ~7 hours on Sunday evening during
an online political gathering. Netblocks.
[9] PTI USA. (2023, December 17). Social media users and new organizations
commented on the futility and short-sightedness of the decision. PTI USA
Official. https://x.com/PTIOfficialUSA/status/1736463869483098211

[10] Paul, G., & Free Press Journal. (2023, December 18). Pakistan: Massive
Internet Outage Ahead Of PTI's 'Virtual Jalsa'; YouTube, Instagram, X &
Facebook Face Disruptions. Free Press Journal.
https://www.freepressjournal.in/world/pakistan-internet-shutdown-ahead-
of-ptis-virtual-jalsa-youtube-instagram-x-facebook-face-disruptions
[11] Show Time CY. (n.d.). Massive Internet Outage in Pakistan Ahead of PTI
Virtual Event. Show Time CY.
https://www.showtimecy.com/en/news/pakistan-internet-down-youtube-
meta-and-google-experience-outages-ahead-of-imran-khans-pti-virtual-
event/#gsc.tab=0
[12] VOA. (2023, December 17). Pakistan Restricts Internet Access Amid Rare
Opposition Online Rally. VOA. https://www.voanews.com/a/pakistan-
restricts-internet-access-amid-rare-opposition-online-rally/7401767.html
[13] Nikkei Asia. (2024, January 25). Pakistan social media outages squeeze
Imran Khan party's last bastion. Nikkei Asia.
https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Pakistan-social-media-outages-squeeze-
Imran-Khan-party-s-last-bastion
[14] Bloomberg. (2024, January 20). Pakistan’s Internet Disrupted During Rally
by Imran Khan’s Party. Bloomberg.
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-01-20/pakistan-s-internet-
disrupted-during-rally-by-imran-khan-s-party
[15] The Express Tribune. (2024, January 20). Social media platforms down
during PTI virtual rally. The Express Tribune.
https://tribune.com.pk/story/2453870/nationwide-disruption-hits-social-
media-platforms-during-pti-virtual-rally
[16] Netblocks. (2024, January 7). Live metrics show a nation-scale disruption
to social media platforms across #Pakistan. Netblocks.
[17] Netblocks. (2024, January 20). Live metrics show a nation-scale disruption
to social media platforms across #Pakistan. Netblocks.

[18] Human Rights Council of Pakistan. (2023, December 17). After the
schedule of general elections, every political party and individual of Pakistan
has the constitutional freedom to hold their political rallies and processions.
Human Rights Council of Pakistan.
https://x.com/HRCPakistan/status/1736445806465704413

MEDIA CENSORSHIP AND
HARRASMENT OF JOURNALISTS
In August 2022, PEMRA, the regulatory authority for media in Pakistan, imposed
a ban on broadcasting live speeches of former prime minister and Pakistan
Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) Chairman Imran Khan on all satellite TV channels [1].
This move effectively restricted the dissemination of political discourse and
deprived citizens of the opportunity to hear directly from the most popular
politician in Pakistan.
Furthermore, there were disturbing reports from Al-Jazeera [2] as well as from
The Intercept [3] of increasing censorship within the media landscape, with
journalists coerced into enforcing a near-blanket ban on coverage of PTI and
its leadership. Such censorship not only infringed upon the freedom of the
press but also undermined the public's right to access unbiased information, a
cornerstone of democratic governance.
Fig. Imran Khan’s picture censored during a news report on a private news channel
The extent of the media blackout became even more apparent in June 2023,
when senior anchorperson Kashif Abbasi found himself in a precarious
situation during a live TV show [4]. While discussing a legal petition involving
Imran Khan, Abbasi hesitated to mention Khan's name directly, apologizing
and correcting himself mid-sentence: "He filed an application under article six
against Imran Khan… I apologize, against the chairman of Pakistan Tehreek-e
Insaf." According to the BBC, they tried to speak to Kashif Abbasi, "but he did
not get back to them." This incident highlighted the palpable fear and self-
censorship prevailing among journalists, further stifling open discourse and
accountability in the media landscape.

Another prominent TV news anchor Hamid Mir revealed in June 2023 to
Guardian [5] that he was unable to mention Imran Khan's name on Pakistani
television due to unofficial censorship. In an interview with Guardian he stated:
"I literally cannot say Imran Khan’s name on Pakistani TV – this madness has
to end". Mir's confession underscored the pervasive atmosphere of censorship
and intimidation that had engulfed the media, severely limiting the scope of
public discourse and scrutiny.
Following the regime change operation, there was a notable escalation in the
suppression of journalists and media outlets in an apparent bid to silence
dissenting voices. Several journalists and media houses faced attacks for
speaking out against state brutality and for presenting viewpoints supporting
Imran Khan's narrative. Numerous journalists were forcibly removed from
broadcasting for exposing the regime change operation, while many others
were subjected to abduction, illegal detention, harassment, and torture [6].
Pakistan's prominent investigative journalist, Arshad Sharif, was targeted and

threatened due to his relentless pursuit of exposing corruption among the elite
and unveiling the conspiracy behind the regime change operation. Tragically,
he was brutally murdered in Kenya on October 23rd, 2022. Despite the passage
of time, there has been no tangible progress in his case, and his family still
awaits justice [7].
Fig. Few Journalists and Media Persons targeted after Regime Change in April 2022

The implications of such media blackout and pre-poll rigging on the
democratic process cannot be overstated. A free and independent media
plays a crucial role in holding political leaders accountable, informing the
public, and safeguarding the integrity of elections. Such censorship impinged
upon the public's right to unbiased information, jeopardizing their capacity to
make informed electoral choices.
Fig. Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority

References
[1] The Express Tribune. (2022, August 21). PEMRA imposes ban on live-
telecast of Imran's speeches. The Express Tribune.
https://tribune.com.pk/story/2372348/pemra-imposes-ban-on-live-
telecast-of-imran-khans-speeches
[2] Hussain, A., & Al Jazeera. (2024, January 25). Don't cover Imran Khan's
PTI: Pakistan's media told to censor popular ex-PM. Al Jazeera.
https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/1/25/dont-cover-imran-khans-
pti-pakistans-media-told-to-censor-popular-ex-pm
[3] The Intercept. (2023, June 6). An inspection of Pakistani media sites
reveals a stark change. The Intercept.
https://twitter.com/theintercept/status/1666084301937741825
[4[ Davies, C., & BBC. (2023, June 8). Why Imran Khan has disappeared from
Pakistan's media. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-65831780
[5] Mir, H., & The Guardian. (2023, June 21). I literally cannot say Imran Khan's
name on Pakistani TV – this madness has to end | Hamid Mir. The Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/jun/21/imran-khan-
pakistan-tv-prime-minister-army
[6] Suppression of Journalists and Media Houses

https://twitter.com/PTIofficial/status/1668380788100849664?
t=JRs8kv4IoQFNvdmu3_BHoQ&s=19
[7] Arshad Sharif Assassination

https://rsf.org/en/unsolved-murder-arshad-sharif-un-urges-pakistan-
and-kenya-take-appropriate-actions

DENIAL OF ELECTORAL SYMBOL
Electoral symbols play a crucial role in politics, especially in countries like

Pakistan where the average literacy rate is as low as 59% [1]. They serve as
visual cues that aid voters in identifying their preferred parties or candidates
on the ballot. This accessibility is particularly vital for voters who may struggle
with literacy or face other barriers to participation.
The Election Commission of Pakistan has been embroiled in controversies for

serving as a facilitator to sideline Imran Khan and his party from the political
arena. In December 2023, Election Commission of Pakistan declared PTI's
intra-party elections as unlawful, stripping the party of its iconic electoral
symbol, the BAT [2].
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) challenged the Election Commission’s decision

of nullifying its intra-party elections held in June 2022 in Peshawar High Court
on the grounds that the electoral body lacked the authority to question
internal elections of any political party.
The petition argued that the ECP overstepped its bounds by acting as a trial
court and raising concerns about the party’s adherence to its constitution
during the intra-party elections. A five-member panel of the Election
Commission of Pakistan (ECP) rejected the organisational elections of Khan’s
party and its plea to have a cricket bat as the electoral symbol for the general
elections [3].

The Peshawar High Court declared the Election Commission of Pakistan’s
decision to revoke the PTI’s ‘bat’ electoral symbol and reject its intra-party
polls as “Illegal” [4].
ECP challenged Peshawar High Court’s decision on PTI's bat symbol in the
Supreme Court, the verdict of which was announced a little before the
midnight after a marathon hearing that lasted two entire days [5].
A three-member bench of the Supreme Court comprising the CJP Qazi Faez
Isa, Justice Muhammad Ali Mazhar and Justice Musarrat Hilali, set aside the
Peshawar High Court’s order that reinstated “bat” as the party’s electoral
symbol for the upcoming general elections.
A verdict that meant that the largest and most popular party in the country
will be denied the opportunity to participate in the elections, thereby stripping
millions of Pakistanis of their fundamental right to vote for their preferred
political party.
Legal and political experts, and people from all walks of life were in disbelief
over Supreme Court’s decision to strip PTI of its electoral symbol and declared
it a “Huge blow to fundamental rights” [6]
The refusal to grant Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf the use of its iconic "cricket bat"
symbol dealt a significant blow to the party's campaign efforts. Given PTI's
wide popularity, recognizable symbols are crucial for voter accessibility. The
denial of PTI's right to its chosen symbol not only infringes upon the party's
fundamental rights but also undermines the democratic principles enshrined
in Pakistan's constitution. Article 17 explicitly guarantees political parties the
right to their electoral symbols, a provision intended to ensure fair and free
elections. By disregarding this constitutional guarantee, the decision has set a
dangerous precedent that could erode the sanctity of the electoral process.
Arif Rafiq, president of Vizier Consulting, a political risk advisory company

based in New York, characterized the move to block the PTI symbol as
"politically motivated."
He asserted that such actions are indicative of a broader pattern within the
Pakistani state, which employs administrative measures alongside coercion to
obstruct the PTI's path to electoral success, particularly in light of Imran Khan's
significant popularity: “They are part of a pattern of the Pakistani state using
administrative measures, along with coercion, to deny PTI a pathway toward
electoral victory” [7].

Fig. Supreme Court of Pakistan
Moreover, Nadia Malik, Head of Geo Television’s election cell, stated that ECP
did not hold other parties accountable, letting them scot-free. “Losing a
symbol is not something new in Pakistan but PTI can not even choose a
different symbol for all their candidates,” as the deadline for that had passed.
Asad Rahim Khan, a constitutional expert, asserted that “The end result of the
ECP’s decision, and the Supreme Court’s ludicrous affirmation of it, is the
disenfranchisement of millions of voters and the liquidation of the country’s
largest party in the run-up to the polls.” He further added: “Flaws in intra-party
elections don’t merit such a disproportionate punishment anywhere in the
actual law. Even otherwise, Pakistan’s Constitution and clearly developed
jurisprudence favor political parties and their right to contest” [7].
According to Barrister Abuzar Niazi, a legal expert and constitution expert,

Article 17, which emphasizes the critical role in safeguarding a party's right to
its electoral symbol, especially based on intra-party elections, was completely
ignored [8].
The ramifications of denying PTI its electoral symbol extends beyond the
immediate impact on the party. It undermines the trust of voters in the
electoral process and casts doubt on the impartiality of institutions
responsible for upholding democratic norms. In a country striving for political
stability and democratic consolidation, such setbacks are deeply concerning.
This denial not only contravened the constitutional guarantee of fair elections
but also set a concerning precedent for democratic norms.

References
[1] Abbasi, K., Hasanain, A., & Dawn News. (2023, September 9). Pakistan's
literacy rate on a downward spiral - Pakistan - DAWN.COM. Dawn News.
[2] ECP decides against letting PTI retain ‘bat.’

[3] PTI Challenges flawed ECP verdict.

[4] Peshawar High Court Restores PTI’s Bat Symbol

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/10/pakistan-court-restores-ex-pm-
imran-khans-cricket-bat-election-symbol
[5] ECP Challenges Peshawar High Court Verdict in Supreme Court

[6] Supreme Court Strips PTI of Bat

[7] Al Jazeera. (2024, January 23). Pakistan ex-PM’s party loses election
symbol. Will it hurt its prospects? | Elections News. Al Jazeera.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/23/pakistan-ex-pms-party-loses-
election-symbol-will-it-hurt-its-prospects
[8] PTI Canada. (2024, January 16). Abuzar Salman Niazi's Statement. PTI
Canada Official.
https://x.com/PTIOfficialCA/status/1747387400144265680?s=20
[9] PTI USA. (2024, January 17). Faisal Siddiqui's Statement. PTI USA Official.
https://x.com/PTIOfficialUSA/status/1747781363560783972?s=20
[10] Siasat.pk. (2024, January 13). Jibran Nasir's Statement. Siasat.pk.

https://x.com/siasatpk/status/1746291028003316039?s=20

BLOCKING OF PTI WEBSITES
In response to the denial of its symbol, PTI took proactive measures to mitigate
confusion among voters and ensure accessibility to election-related
information. PTI launched an online portal on its official website and
introduced alternative means for voters to access candidate information
demonstrating the party's commitment to transparency and voter
engagement. However, these efforts met with unexpected challenges [1-3].
PTI's official websites became inaccessible within Pakistan, just days after the
portal was launched, and was only accessible through Virtual Private Networks
(VPNs), raising serious concerns about censorship and deliberate interference.
The party's public inquiries directed at the Pakistan Telecommunication
Authority (PTA) and interim government officials regarding the website
blockage have gone unanswered, adding to the opacity surrounding the issue
[4]. The interim government's vague explanations attributing the internet
outages to "technical" issues and system upgrades lack credibility and fail to
address the underlying concerns of electoral fairness and transparency.
Fig. Posts by PTI Social Media Team to publish backup portals for the sites blocked by the government.

References
[1] Dawn News. (2024, January 26). PTI says its websites 'blocked' in Pakistan
ahead of Feb 8 polls. Dawn News. https://www.dawn.com/news/1808757
[2] Ahmad, Z., & Business Recorder. (2024, January 27). PTI’s website ‘blocked’
countrywide - Pakistan. Business Recorder.
[3] The Express Tribune. (2024, January 26). PTI's websites 'blocked' in
Pakistan. The Express Tribune. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2454475/ptis-
websites-blocked-in-pakistan
[4] The News International. (2024, January 26). PTI raises questions as
websites 'blocked' ahead of Feb 8 polls. The News International.
https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/1151578-pti-raises-questions-as-
website-blocked-ahead-of-feb-8-polls

RESTRICTION ON PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY
FOR TEHREEK-E-INSAF
The imposition of Section 144 across Pakistan’s biggest province, Punjab,
curtailed PTI's ability to hold peaceful assemblies, for a record number of 18
days, from January 25th to February 12th 2024, signaled a complete disregard
for democratic norms and stifling opposition voices [1]. By resorting to
draconian measures, the government not only suppressed dissent but also
undermined the democratic spirit essential for free and fair elections.
Amnesty International expressed grave concerns regarding the widespread

restrictions on peaceful assemblies across Pakistan, particularly targeting
political opposition groups such as the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) and
Pashtun Tahafuz Movement. The utilization of laws like Section 144 of the
Criminal Procedure Code, coupled with the unlawful use of force and arbitrary
arrests of protesters and media personnel, severely undermines the right to
freedom of assembly. Such blanket bans on protests are deemed
disproportionate and impermissible under international human rights
standards. Amnesty International underscored the importance of allowing
peaceful assemblies to occur within sight and sound of their intended
audience, as blanket prohibitions undermine the essence of this fundamental
right and called upon the authorities to ensure that all laws and regulations
adhere to international human rights law and standards [2].
In summary, the confluence of these incidents and reports painted a troubling

narrative of pre-poll rigging in Pakistan. The challenges faced by candidates,
the erosion of rights, media restrictions, communication disruptions, and
website blockades collectively undermined the integrity of the electoral
process altogether.

References
[1] Dawn News. (2024, January 26). Section 144 in Punjab. Dawn News.
[2] Amnesty International. (2024, January 29). PAKISTAN: Restrictions on

peaceful assemblies must not be used to stifle political opposition.
Amnesty International.
https://x.com/amnestysasia/status/1751998728804716606?s=20

EXCLUSION OF TOP PTI LEADERSHIP
FROM GENERAL ELECTION
Fig.Former Prime Minister Imran Khan(left), Former Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi (Right)
In an attempt to sideline Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) from the 2024 election

race, its top leadership was targeted with a barrage of fake FIRs (First
Information Reports) and spurious cases, aiming to politically victimize them
and coerce them into leaving PTI to join the newly formed Istehkam-e-
Pakistan Party, a party launched by the establishment to supplant PTI. These
cases were wielded as pressure tactics, leading to the arrest of many PTI
leaders who were then compelled into conducting press conferences, where
they would make statements against Imran Khan and, at times, accuse him of
orchestrating the events of May 9th and the attacks on state institutions [1].
Unbiased scrutiny by a neutral legal authority will likely reveal these cases as
baseless and frivolous, as they were built upon concocted, fabricated, and
false evidence. Many of these trials were not conducted in an open court but
rather within jail premises, which were unlawfully designated as courts by the
administration. No external media or personnel were permitted to cover the
court proceedings, and the hearings were shrouded in secrecy [3 to 4].
In Imran Khan's cases, defense witnesses were not allowed, prosecution

witnesses were not permitted to be cross-examined by Imran Khan's lawyers,
and the plea of the accused under CrPC 342 was not recorded [5].

The following cases by NAB (National Accountability Bureau), FIA (Federal
Investigation Agency) and ECP (Election Commission of Pakistan) were
hurriedly concluded with utter abuse of criminal law court procedure as
enshrined in various statutes. The apparent objective was to exclude the top
leadership from the election race and dissuade PTI voters, supporters, and
well-wishers by portraying Imran Khan and other PTI leaders as corrupt and
dishonest. [2]
Iddat Case against Imran Khan & Bushra Bibi
A local court in Pakistan sentenced Imran Khan, and his wife to seven years
each in a case related to their marriage, declaring it “un-Islamic” for not
waiting 3 months to remarry after Bushra Bibi’s divorce.
Following the framing of charges in the Iddat case, the hearing extended for
twelve hours on one day and fourteen hours the next day, with a total hearing
time of twenty-six hours. The case was swiftly concluded, and a verdict of
seven years imprisonment with a fine of 0.5 million was handed down to Imran
Khan and his wife, Bushra Bibi [6].
Khawar Maneka, the ex-husband of Imran Khan’s wife Bushra Bibi, had filed a
case against Imran Khan and Bushra Bibi over the allegation of fraudulent
marriage in November 2023. Khawar Maneka had previously released a video
statement refuting all allegations of Imran Khan and Bushra Bibi’s involvement
in the dissolution of his marriage [7]. However, in September 2023, he was
arrested by the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) [8]. He resurfaced in
November 2023 with a case against Imran Khan and Bushra Bibi, presenting a
completely contradictory statement, raising doubts about its credibility [9].
This utterly absurd case engineered to "humiliate and disgrace" Imran Khan
and his wife, was also instigated by a well-known political adversary, Aun
Chaudhry, who later aligned with the PDM coalition to secure a government
seat through rigging [10]. Imran Khan vehemently denounced the ruling as
completely unfounded and termed it an attempt to humiliate him [11]. This
controversial conviction also ignited a wave of condemnation from legal
experts, civil society, and human rights advocates [12].

Fig. Bushra Bibi and Imran Khan during a court hearing
Lawyer Basil Nabi Malik raised questions about the intellectual bankruptcy of
the convictions, [11] stating that a marriage during the Iddat period would, at
best, be irregular, not void. He expressed skepticism about the application of
Section 496, which requires intent and/or knowledge of ‘not lawfully being
married.’ Malik pointed out the suspicious timing of three consecutive
decisions against Imran Khan right before elections [12].
Lawyer Abdul Moiz Jaferii dismissed the verdict as a joke, exposing the flaws in
the judicial system.[13] Lawyer Reema Omer condemned the case as a
damning blot on the justice system, highlighting the violation of women’s
rights to dignity, privacy, and freedom in marital decisions [14].
Farhatullah Babar, president of PPP’s Human Rights Cell, strongly rebuked the
conviction, stating that it goes too far and criticized the regime for hitting rock
bottom [15].
Senior journalist Abbas Nasir called the sentence a travesty and unnecessary
overkill that would likely inflame the PTI support base [16]. The seven-year
imprisonment, marking the fourth conviction for Imran Khan, sparked
concerns about the state of justice and the apparent misuse of legal
proceedings for political purposes. The cleric who initiated the accusation
admitted to being coerced by Chaudhry, further undermining the credibility of
the allegations. The rushed trial and apparent disregard for legal procedures
only fueled suspicions that this was a politically motivated assault on Imran
Khan.
Chairman PTI Barrister Gohar Khan, also a member of Imran Khan’s legal
team, expressed dismay at the unexpected verdict, challenging the credibility
of the judge involved. The rushed proceedings, over two days, raised concerns
about the fairness of the trial. Imran Khan’s legal team was denied the
opportunity to present evidence during cross-examination, and their acquittal
application was summarily dismissed within minutes [17].

Reuters bureau chief Gibran Peshimam noted the unusual frequency of guilty
verdicts in different cases, suggesting it might be some sort of record [18]. The
Human Rights Commission of Pakistan raised concerns about the troubling
implications for people’s right to privacy, particularly women’s dignity during
court proceedings [19].
Cypher Case Against Imran Khan and Shah Mahmood Qureshi
Imran Khan and his deputy former Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi
were sentenced in so-called cypher case for 10 years, about a week before the
February 8 general elections [20].
The special court, established within a prison in Rawalpindi, announced the

sentence under the Official Secret Act 1923 amended(by the PDM/PPP coalition
government) in August 2023, which pertained to a diplomatic cable. This
cable proved Imran Khan’s allegation that his removal from power in 2022 was
a conspiracy.
The cypher case against Imran Khan unravelled into a grotesque mockery of
justice, characterized by secretive proceedings, biased judges, and a
complete trampling of the rights of the defense. The verdict delivered by
Judge Abul Hasanat Zulqarnain, imposing a ten-year sentence on Imran
Khan, not only appeared rushed but also bore an unmistakable scent of bias
[21].

This trial, unprecedented in Pakistan’s history, was plagued by a series of
egregious errors committed by Judge Zulqarnain, as admonished by the
Islamabad High Court on three separate occasions [22]. Despite these
rebukes, the judge persisted in his prejudiced conduct.
The critiques had the following observations regarding the proceedings of this
case:
The scrutiny of evidence by the investigation authorities likely led to the

conclusion that unless the 1923 Act is suitably amended, the cypher case
against Imran Khan and Shah Mehmood Qureshi will not withstand the
trial. Hence a bill proposing an amendment to the Official Secrets Act was
passed in a hurry without getting an assent from the President [23-24]
deeming it unconstitutional and unlawful. This amendment was
challenged by Imran Khan in the Supreme Court later [25].
Imran Khan's hearing was scheduled without any notification provided to
him or his legal team. Instead of presenting him in a regular court, Attock
jail was designated as a special Official Secrets Act court for all
proceedings related to this case.
The proceedings within the jail were conducted in secrecy, with no press or
media allowed to cover the hearings. Furthermore, Imran Khan's legal
team faced resistance when attempting to enter the court to defend his
case, depriving him of his right to a fair trial [26].
Imran Khan was accused of misusing the contents of the cipher for
personal gains, despite the fact that the threat outlined in the cipher was
perceived as blatant interference in Pakistan’s internal affairs by two NSC
meetings, and a demarche was served [27].
Imran Khan's removal from power followed the threat outlined in the
cipher. Moreover, the content of the cipher, later published by The
Intercept, further substantiated it as a direct threat to Pakistan. Therefore, it
raises questions about how Imran Khan could have misused the cipher for
personal gains when the threat it contained was a matter of national
security and had significant implications for the country [28].
Instead of being registered by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of
Interior acted as the complainant in the case. Consequently, the aggrieved
party had no direct involvement in the case, and technically, it fell outside
the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Interior. Rana Sanaullah, serving as the
Interior Minister and an outspoken opponent of Imran Khan, as well as a
prominent member of Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz, exceeded his legal
authority and abused his position to build this case.

The shocking actions taken against Imran Khan’s defense team,
comprising seasoned lawyers such as Sikandar Zulqarnain, Barrister
Taimur, and Mr. Usman Gill, reached an unprecedented low when they
were summarily ejected from the proceedings without reasonable cause.
Despite Imran Khan and Shah Mehmood Qureshi having their own legal
teams for this case, Judge Zulqarnain appointed public counsels to
represent them in the diplomatic cipher case, disregarding protests from
PTI leaders. These counsels even conducted the cross-examination of
prosecution witnesses [29].
Twenty-five witnesses were presented, yet the defense was denied the
opportunity to cross-examine key witnesses, and no witness from the side
of Imran Khan and Shah Mehmood Qureshi was permitted to testify in their
defense [30].
The timing of the trial, conducted from 5:30 pm to 1:00 am behind closed
doors, raised alarming questions about the integrity of the proceedings.
With the defense team forcibly excluded, the judge continued the trial with
selected witnesses and lawyers of his choosing, transforming the legal
process into a farcical display of partiality.
A questionnaire was handed to Imran Khan at midnight in the absence of
his legal team, further illustrating the disregard for procedural norms and
legal decorum. Imran Khan’s legal team found itself unjustly sidelined,
unable to present their case, cross-examine witnesses, or even deliver final
comments [31].
Petitions were filed by Imran Khan’s legal team in the Islamabad High
Court, seeking the removal of Judge Abul Hasnat Zulqarnain from the case.
However, these petitions were either left unaddressed or ruled against
Imran Khan, which further supports the contention that this case was
orchestrated to unfairly convict Imran Khan and prevent him from
participating in the elections.
The authority responsible for issuing secret documents has the power to
downgrade their classification. Under the Constitution, the Prime Minister, as
the Chief Executive of the Federation, holds authority over all ministries and
can oversee the down-classification of a cipher document through the
Cabinet, which represents the highest executive authority. Hence, Imran
Khan’s action to share the contents of the cypher with the public after
declassifying it through the elected cabinet was lawful as the rules of business
did not specify a procedure for down-classification.

The overall case of a civilian politician, especially for a former Prime Minister
and Foreign Minister, does not typically fall within the purview of the Official
Secrets Act, as it primarily concerns espionage, spying, and activities leading
to insurgency in the country, with death sentences reserved for those involved
in such offenses. The application of this law to these two accused individuals
seems to have been stretched beyond its intended scope, as there is
insufficient evidence even to justify framing charges, let alone imposing a ten-
year sentence. [32]
As per Imran Khan's statement, he was punished for revealing the actual
culprits of the conspiracy, namely Former Army Chief General Bajwa and
Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asian Affairs Donald Lu.
Toshakhana NAB Case Against Imran Khan
Imran Khan and his wife Bushra Bibi were sentenced to 14 years in jail in the
Toshakhana reference. The National Accountability Bureau (NAB) had filed a
reference against the two in an accountability court for retaining a jewelry set
received from the Saudi crown prince against an undervalued assessment.
The verdict came just eight days before the February 8 general elections. [33]
Like the other two cases, this case also exhibited numerous loopholes and
failed to meet the standards of a fair trial based on principles of fairness and
justice. The maximum sentence was imposed that has never been given in
white-collar crime cases by NAB in recorded history and is typically reserved
for instances where there is conclusive evidence of embezzlement from the
state exchequer, and the prosecution leaves no room for doubt in the case.
PTI Chairman Barrister Gohar Ali Khan said that the conviction was “not only
injustice but cruelty”. In an apparent reference to the PML-N, he said the NAB
was “withdrawing cases filed against a certain party” but at the same time
was handing over “severe punishments just to make one leader happy”. He
said that they were not given time, were not given permission for cross-
examination, despite there being a lawyer present. He claimed that Bushra
Bibi had “no relation” to the Toshakhana case nor was there any case
registered in her name. All this is only to bring Khan under pressure,”.
Hamid Khan, a senior lawyer and PTI leader, said that two convictions in two
days showed how all the laws and procedures of a fair trial were exploited. “No
legal requirements were fulfilled, the permission to present witnesses was not
provided.

The statements under Section 342 were not even recorded properly,” he said
while speaking to a private News Channel. PTI Senator and lawyer Ali Zafar
said the verdict was rushed, adding that if cross-examination was not allowed
then the conviction would be regarded as a mistrial. Zafar highlighted that
Imran and Bushra’s counsels were neither allowed to cross-examine the
prosecution witnesses nor were permitted to present their witnesses.
PTI lawyer Intazar Hussain Panjutha claimed that there were no witnesses in
the cases against Imran, yet he was still given punishment [33].
According to Mashal Yousufzai, a member of Imran Khan's legal team, neither
Imran Khan's lawyers nor his family were permitted inside the Adiala Jail
courtroom during the final hearing. The court staff had not arrived, and
without hearing Khan's statements, defense witnesses, or final arguments, the
decision was handed down [34].
The cross-examination of NAB's key witness in this case revealed the dubious
nature of the allegations:
No Pakistani or international expert was willing to provide false prices.

Instead, the false valuation of the gifts was attributed to Imran Masih, a
part-time spare parts salesman at an Indian shop in Dubai.
Imran Masih lacked any jewelry assaying certificate and did not possess
the relevant IGI certificate for diamond grading. He was unfamiliar with
what IGI stands for and was not acquainted with the owner of his shop.
The salesman allegedly assessed the picture of the gift, conducting market
research to estimate the jewelry price without providing any written proof
of market research or shop inspection.
Imran Masih was not issued an authority letter by the company for
determining the price, nor was any authority letter issued regarding his
testimony in court. The company did not assign Imran Masih the
responsibility of determining the price, and he had no contact with the
Consulate General.
In his report, witness Imran Masih incorrectly wrote the weight of diamonds
in grams instead of carats, a mistake he admitted.
When shown photographs of jewels, the witness stated he could not
estimate the price based on the photographs, but if provided with the
specifications of the jewels, he could determine the price. Interestingly, the
same witness had previously assessed the price of Toshakhana jewelry
based solely on a photograph.
This individual, Imran Masih, played a pivotal role contributing to a false
corruption reference by the NAB chairman and the subsequent conviction
of Imran Khan [35].

This case also had the following glaring shortfalls in its trial:
The gifts, as per the allegations, were allegedly under-invoiced by the

Cabinet Division, yet no department officer involved in the misuse of
authority faced any punishment.
Gifts were acquired in accordance with Toshakhana's rules, where 50% of
the estimated cost was paid. Once paid, they became Imran Khan’s
personal property, so they were subsequently sold in the market [36].
The cost estimations provided by the Cabinet Division were disregarded,
and instead, a private appraiser determined the prices of the gifts solely
based on photographs. During cross-examination by the defense lawyers,
the appraiser failed to justify his estimations.
The defense highlighted that the Military Secretary to Prime Minister Imran
Khan, serving as the protocol officer of the Prime Minister, was not
permitted to appear as a defense witness, thereby preventing the court
from being fully informed.
The case as a whole was hastily prepared, relying on baseless and
fabricated evidence. It appears that the judge, possibly under pressure,
imposed the maximum sentence, which is seldom witnessed in NAB cases.
ToshaKhana Misdeclaration Case
Prior to the above three cases ECP(Election Commission of Pakistan) had

referred a case for criminal trial of Toshakhana Case pertaining to
misdeclaration where Imran Khan was given a three years sentence. The
Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) also disqualified Imran Khan for five
years [37].
Imran Khan was convicted under the country’s Election Act for misdeclaration
of his assets. All members of Pakistan’s parliament are required to file annual
declarations with the Election Commission, showing their assets and liabilities
as of the 30th of June, which is when the government’s fiscal year ends [38].
Pakistan’s Election Commission initiated a private complaint for prosecution of
Imran Khan for misdeclaration of assets acquired from the Toshakhana, the
government’s gift repository.
A board of bureaucrats independently assesses the value of each gift, which is

then offered to the original recipient.

The recipient is legally allowed to acquire the gift by paying a certain
percentage of its assessed value. Initially, this formula used to be twenty
percent of the assessed value, but during Imran Khan's government, it was
increased to fifty percent.
There is no provision in the law that prohibits the recipient from selling the
items acquired from the Toshakhana. Once Imran Khan paid for the items,
they became his property, and he was free to dispose of them as he saw fit.
There are no allegations of concealment and there is nothing in the
judgement related to incorrect valuation. All gifts received by Imran Khan were
correctly declared. Moreover, there is nothing in the judgement about gifts
being sold for more than their declared value. So concealment or under-
declaration are not the issue.
If the gifts were acquired legally, there is no concealment, and there is no

limitation about their onward sale. There are three issues that the judge found,
one in each year under review. In 2018/19, there is a discrepancy between the
value at which the gifts were sold, and the amount of money in Imran Khan’s
bank account. In 2019/20 the allegation is that three small gifts of relatively
moderate value were not declared. And, finally, in 2020/21, gifts were correctly
declared but were misclassified and not itemized.
Let’s look at these one by one.
In 2018/19 several gifts were acquired for a total of 21 million Rupees – about 75
thousand dollars at current exchange rates – and sold for 58 million Rupees,
or roughly 200 thousand dollars. Imran Khan’s bank account statements for
that year only reflected 30 million Rupees. This was deemed by the judge to be
misdeclaration.
But how did the judge determine that? Part of the proceeds could have been
received in cash, or used to pay off expenses during the time the gifts were
sold and June 30th of that year, that the returns were drawn up to. Imran Khan
wanted to bring his accountants and financial advisors as witnesses to
explain this, but the judge ruled the defense witnesses were not relevant and
denied him that opportunity.
In the following year, 2019/20, Imran Khan received 3 small gifts of items of
personal use that were valued at a moderate 1.7 million Rupees, or about 6
thousand dollars at current exchange rates. These were not part of Imran
Khan’s asset declaration.

His lawyers explained that they had already been gifted onwards by Imran
Khan to friends and family before the end of the fiscal year on the 30th of June.
As such, they were not his property on the 30th of June 2020, the date that the
asset declaration was drawn up to. This was also done at the advice of his
accountants, who Imran Khan wanted to call as defense witnesses to explain
this to the court, but that was not permitted by the judge.
And finally, in the year 2020/21, five gifts were declared correctly at their total
combined value in the declaration forms. They were classified under the
category of Precious Items. The judge ruled that they should have been
declared under the category of Movable Property, identified as having been
received through the Tosha Khana process, and listed individually. Although
this would make no difference to the total value, which was completely and
accurately declared, and there are no fields in the form prescribed by the
Election Commission for itemization or identification as items from the Tosha
Khana, the judge ruled this to be a misdeclaration and a crime.
This is a flawed judgment by a biased judge in a case that denied Imran Khan
the right to a fair trial. Questions about the court’s jurisdiction to hear the case
and its maintainability, including the fact that the 120 day period prescribed in
the law for scrutiny of annual asset declarations by members of parliament
had elapsed, remain unanswered. The defense was denied the opportunity to
present witnesses, which the judge determined to be irrelevant without even
calling them to the stand. And the defense attorneys were not given the
opportunity to present their closing arguments.
Al-Qadir Trust Case Against Imran Khan

Imran Khan and his wife, Bushra Bibi, faced indictment in the £190 million Al-
Qadir Trust case as ruled by an Accountability Court. The judge, overseeing
the case at Adiala Jail where Imran Khan is being held in relation to other
sham cases including Toshakhana, cypher, and illegal marriage cases,
formally presented charges against both in the Al-Qadir Trust case. Both Khan
and his wife refuted the charges leveled against them [39].
It's noteworthy that Imran Khan established "Al-Qadir University," following the
model of Shaukat Khanum and Namal University, to offer free education to the
people of Pakistan. However, the current regime accused him of benefiting
from the construction of this university, a claim that is utterly baseless and
contradicts the established facts.

Fig. Al Qadir University Trust Deed
Some facts about this case against Imran Khan are as under:
Imran Khan had a vision of establishing an institution for imparting Islamic

teachings to the youth which would educate the people irrespective of
color, caste, creed, religion, and financial status. To fulfill this dream, land
was acquired in December 2018 to build Al-Qadir University, which was
donated by Bahria Town’s Malik Riaz [40].
Imran Khan laid the foundation stone of Al Qadir University in May 2019.
In March 2021, Imran Khan inaugurated this university and the regular
teaching process started.
The name of this trust is Al-Qadir University Project Trust and the total
assets of this trust are 660 million rupees.
Former Prime Minister Imran Khan and his wife Bushri Bibi are among its
trustees.
Bahria town donated 58 Acres of land worth a total of 200 million for this
university located in Suhawa, a remote area of Jhelum [41].
According to the audit report, the total value of land and building is 470
million rupees.
According to the agreement, the trustees can never take any personal
benefit from the land donated by Bahria Town to this charity or the building
constructed on it. The land and building shall not be owned by the trustee,
nor can the trustee sell the land or building.
According to the trust deed, the purpose of this trust is to establish Al-
Qadir University and similar educational institutions and to provide equal
opportunity for education to the people throughout Pakistan, which
includes Islamic teachings as well as science and technology education.
This land and building can be used only for the Al Qadir University project.
Imran Khan and his wife do not receive any salary or benefits as trustees.
NAB has the details of all the financial transactions of Al-Qadir University,
that is why they cannot prove that Imran Khan took financial advantage,
so they have alleged that Imran Khan took political advantage from it [42].

Al Qadir University has also been linked with another case to defame Imran
Khan.
National Crime Agency UK froze the assets of the business tycoon Malik Riaz,
owner of Bahria Town, over a suspicious transaction. They both made an out-
of-court settlement through an agreement in December 2019 [46].
Under this agreement, Malik Riaz requested to deposit 190 million pounds in
the Supreme Court account in Pakistan. This request was granted after
approval by the cabinet, as Pakistan had already incurred losses of 100 million
dollars in court proceedings. Since this money was to be transferred from
abroad to Pakistan, the entire cabinet unanimously approved the decision.
This money was finally transferred to the Supreme Court account in 2019 [47].
In December 2023, just two months before the general elections, the National
Accountability Bureau filed a reference against PTI Chairman Imran Khan and
seven others, including the former premier's wife, Bushra Bibi, in connection
with the Al-Qadir Trust case. The accusation pertained to Imran Khan and his
wife allegedly receiving billions of rupees and hundreds of acres of land from
Bahria Town Ltd to legalize Rs. 50 billion previously identified and repatriated
to the country by the UK during the previous PTI government [48].
In the Al-Qadir University case, no evidence could be substantiated against

Imran Khan, as it is deemed a spurious case. This led to the replacement of the
NAB Chairman, and a new, Chairman approved by the Shehbaz regime was
appointed to orchestrate this farcical case against Imran Khan [42]. Using this
reference, the opposition parties tried to build a narrative against Imran Khan
and accused him of receiving bribes from Malik Riaz. Although this decision
was approved by the entire cabinet and had nothing to do with Al-Qadir Trust.
The 190 million pounds were transferred to the account of the Supreme Court.
If NAB suspected that this money was involved in money laundering, they
could file a case in the UK and provide evidence. Subsequently, if proven, the
money could be transferred to the account of the Pakistan government. This
money had nothing to do with Imran Khan or Al Qadir Trust but instead this
whole case was a desperate attempt to defame Imran Khan and create a
political narrative against him.

Malik Riaz's money was transferred to the Supreme Court's account and the
land of Al-Qadir University belongs to the trust. This money from the Supreme
Court account was ordered to be transferred to the government of Pakistan in
November 2023. Again, Imran Khan had nothing to do with this whole
transaction, nor did he ever benefit from it [45].
During the proceedings of this case, Imran Khan remarked:
“ “Even if all the allegations of NAB in the Al-Qadir Trust are

accepted as true, what sort of corruption case is this? A case
where an exemplary modern and Islamic university was
constructed for the public good, serving as a valuable asset to
the nation. Free quality education is being provided to the new
generation, what kind of bribery is this?"
In a statement, Imran Khan's lawyer, Intazar Hussain Panjutha, shed light on

the operations of Al-Qadir Trust University, emphasizing its alignment with the
principles established in the trust contract, similar to the functioning of
Shaukat Khanum Hospital under an independent board.
Panjhuta clarified that all decisions, from hiring to construction and any
transactions, are exclusively made by the board, with Imran Khan playing no
direct role in these day-to-day affairs. The lawyer highlighted the pivotal role
of Imran Khan as the pioneer, clarifying this role through the Trust Deed.
Fig. Imran Khan’s Legal Team in the Al Qadir Trust Case

He read out Clause 3 of the Trust Deed, underscoring its aims and objectives,
including the establishment of Al-Qadir University across disciplines,
additional educational institutes nationwide, and the provision of quality
education irrespective of socio-economic backgrounds. Panjhuta emphasized
that the institution was founded to address the educational needs of those
unable to afford quality education, offering a unique blend of modern
scientific and religious education under one roof.
Turning to monetary policies, Panjhuta highlighted that the Trust Deed's terms
align with those of Imran Khan's other charitable institutions, emphasizing the
crucial Clause 10.2 stating that the trustee, including Imran Khan, is not
entitled to any remuneration. He underscored the point that neither Imran
Khan nor his relatives have received any benefit throughout the project.
He also emphasized the non-transferability of trust property, income, or assets

for personal gain, ensuring the perpetual dedication of these resources to
educational purposes. The Trust Deed also outlines the process for changing
trustees, ensuring the continuity of the institution's educational mission
beyond Imran Khan's tenure. In essence, Panjhuta's comprehensive
explanation seeks to reassure the public about the transparent and altruistic
nature of Al-Qadir Trust University, dispelling any concerns related to financial
impropriety or personal gain [44].
Evidence suggests that this was yet another politically motivated case, where
opponents of Imran Khan aimed to unfairly tarnish his reputation. Their
desperate attempt sought to sway the people of Pakistan into withdrawing
their support for Khan, portraying him as a corrupt leader, potentially
impacting his voter base just weeks before the 2024 general election.
On March 25, 2024, six senior judges from the Islamabad High Court penned a
letter addressed to the Supreme Judicial Council [49], detailing serious
revelations against Pakistan's intelligence agencies for their interference in
judicial affairs. The judges disclosed that these agencies had been exerting
pressure through methods such as abducting and torturing their relatives,
conducting secret surveillance in their homes, and attempting to sway the
outcomes of legal cases.

Fig: Six Islamabad High Court Judges who signed the letter to the Supreme Judicial Council
The letter outlined specific instances of interference, including instances

where intelligence officials pressured judges presiding over crucial cases,
leading to one judge being hospitalized due to stress. Despite assurances
from higher authorities, the interference persisted. For instance, there was an
incident where a judge's relative was allegedly abducted by ISI operatives,
who then coerced false allegations against the judge. Furthermore, the letter
mentioned intimidation tactics directed at district court judges, covert
surveillance using spy cameras in a judge's residence, and efforts to
manipulate tax records to influence judicial decisions [50-54].
The judges, in their letter, called for a thorough investigation into these
allegations and questioned whether there was a systematic policy to
intimidate judges orchestrated by the executive branch through intelligence
agencies. The letter also supported a former judge's demand for an inquiry
into ISI's interference and emphasized the necessity for actions beyond mere
relief in individual cases. It underscored the broader issue of safeguarding
judicial independence and shielding judges from external pressures.
Additionally, the letter highlighted several instances of attempted coercion

and intimidation by ISI officers "to influence the outcome" of cases, including
those involving the incarcerated former prime minister, Imran Khan. It affirmed
the stance taken by the founding chairman Imran Khan and Tehreek-e-Insaf
regarding the illicit and unconstitutional activities carried out by secret
agencies and state institutions [50-54].
This letter, combined with other substantial evidence regarding the denial of
due legal process and covert proceedings, strongly implies that the cases
against Imran Khan were primarily motivated by political vendetta. In light of
these revelations, it becomes evident that the convictions and legal actions
against Imran Khan were not based on legitimate legal grounds but rather on
orchestrated efforts to disqualify him from participating in general elections
and stifle political opposition.

Fig: Letter written by 6 Islamabad High Court Judges

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https://twitter.com/abbasnasir59/status/1753735031242035549?
s=61&t=N6FI10ujsbABdAPJS5-Y6A
[17] @ptiofficialusa. (n.d.). [Tweet]. Twitter.

https://twitter.com/ptiofficialusa/status/1753788066349662419?
s=61&t=MXIBafZUl7cEIk9rSDVhVw
[18] @gibranp. (n.d.). [Tweet]. Twitter.

https://twitter.com/gibranp/status/1753744414990909550?
s=61&t=eXeI65q7BmWL1-Zu6ZNWxA
[19] @hrcp87. (n.d.). [Tweet]. Twitter.

https://twitter.com/hrcp87/status/1753822167563710827?
s=61&t=L3iZdFlZNGyCKxsUmcdKZQ
[20] Al Jazeera. (2024, January 30). Pakistan ex-PM Imran Khan, top aide get 10
years jail in state secrets case. Al Jazeera.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/30/pakistan-ex-pm-imran-khan-
top-aide-get-10-years-jail-in-state-secrets-case

[21] PTI Official Canada. (n.d.). [Tweet]. Twitter.
https://x.com/PTIOfficialCA/status/1752747839573168393?s=20
[22] The Express Tribune. (n.d.). IHC declares jail trial in cypher case illegal.
Retrieved from https://tribune.com.pk/story/2447436/ihc-declares-jail-trial-
in-cypher-case-illegal
[23] @etribune. (n.d.). [Tweet]. Twitter.

https://twitter.com/etribune/status/1693195717882577178?
s=61&t=4OakUjxUQS4WSdwK0T4QZA
[24] Pakistan Today. (2023, August 7). NA passes bill to amend Official Secrets
Act 2023. https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2023/08/07/na-passes-bill-to-
amend-official-secrets-act-2023/
[25] The Friday Times. (2023, September 9). Imran Khan challenges
amendments to Official Secrets, Pakistan Army laws.
https://thefridaytimes.com/09-Sep-2023/imran-khan-challenges-
amendments-to-official-secrets-pakistan-army-laws
[26] The Express Tribune. (n.d.). Cipher case: trial moves toward conclusion.
Retrieved from https://tribune.com.pk/story/2454879/cipher-case-trial-
moves-toward-conclusion
[27] DAWN. (n.d.). [Article]. Retrieved from

[28] The Intercept. (2023, August 9). Imran Khan’s Pakistan cypher: the truth
behind Ukraine, Russia. https://theintercept.com/2023/08/09/imran-khan-
pakistan-cypher-ukraine-russia/
[29] The Express Tribune. (n.d.). State counsel represents Imran in cipher case.
Retrieved from https://tribune.com.pk/story/2454561/state-counsel-
represents-imran-in-cipher-case
[30] The Express Tribune. (n.d.). Cipher case: trial moves toward conclusion.
Retrieved from https://tribune.com.pk/story/2454879/cipher-case-trial-
moves-toward-conclusion
[31] YouTube Video. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=GIPtRYEkHuI
[32] Government of Pakistan. (n.d.). [PDF Document]. Retrieved from

https://pakistancode.gov.pk/pdffiles/administrator46c9a3c62acc16428e73999
e7d30ba2a.pdf

[33] DAWN. (n.d.). Imran Khan, Bushra Bibi sentenced to 14 years in toshakhana
reference. Retrieved from https://www.dawn.com/news/1810025/imran-khan-
bushra-bibi-sentenced-to-14-years-in-toshakhana-reference
[34] @akmashal. (n.d.). [Tweet]. Twitter.

https://twitter.com/akmashal/status/1752563132420272572?
s=61&t=5brgqLG4fT_B83RMRlGW_g
[35] The Express Tribune. (n.d.). PTI claims 'gift' case stands discredited. Retrieved
from https://tribune.com.pk/story/2454013/pti-claims-gift-case-stands-
discredited
[36] Deccan Herald. (n.d.). ‘My gift, my choice’: Imran Khan defends selling
presents amid toshakhana controversy. Retrieved from
https://www.deccanherald.com/world/my-gift-my-choice-imran-khan-
defends-selling-presents-amid-toshakhana-controversy-1101797.html
[37] Al Jazeera. (2022, October 21). Pakistan election commission disqualifies

former PM Imran Khan. Al Jazeera.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/21/pakistan-election-commission-
disqualifies-former-pm-imran-khan
[38] National Assembly of Pakistan. (n.d.). [PDF Document]. Retrieved from

https://na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1333523681_951.pdf
[39] Business Recorder. (n.d.). PM Imran stresses role of youth in nation-building.

Retrieved from https://www.brecorder.com/news/40291068
[40] [YouTube Video]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=2k-g4SZ3oPE

v=8QXst1BFk2w&t=62s

v=HqS4LY3h3hY
[43] *The Express Tribune.* (n.d.). Lt. Gen. (retd) Nazir Ahmad Butt appointed new
NAB chief. Retrieved from https://tribune.com.pk/story/2404412/lt-gen-retd-
nazir-ahmad-butt-appointed-new-nab-chief#
[44] Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. (n.d.). Intazar Panjutha al-Qadir Trust case.

Retrieved from https://insaf.pk/news/intazar-panjutha-al-qadir-trust-case
[45] Business Recorder. (n.d.). PM Imran stresses role of youth in nation-building.

Retrieved from https://www.brecorder.com/news/40274933

[46] Transparency International UK. (n.d.). Response to NCA settlement
involving £190 million return to people of Pakistan. Retrieved from
https://www.transparency.org.uk/response-nca-settlement-involving-190-
million-return-people-pakistan
[47] Dawn. (n.d.). Will Pakistan’s leadership make the right call? Retrieved from
[48] Dawn. (n.d.). Govt’s performance. Retrieved from

[49] Insaf.pk. (2024, March 25.). Islamabad High Court judges' letter to Supreme
Judicial Council. Retrieved from https://insaf.pk/news/islamabad-high-court-
judges-letter-supreme-judicial-council
[50] Insaf.pk. (2024, March 26). IHC judges' letter to CJP. Retrieved from
https://insaf.pk/press-release/ihc-judges-letter-cjp
[51] Al Jazeera. (2024, March 27). Judges vs spies: Pakistan’s jurists accuse intel
agency ISI of intimidation. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/27/judges-
vs-spies-pakistans-jurists-accuse-intel-agency-isi-of-intimidation
[52] VOA News. (n.d.). Senior Pakistan judges allege intimidation, torture by
military-run spy agency. https://www.voanews.com/a/senior-pakistan-
judges-allege-intimidation-torture-by-military-run-spy-
agency-/7545543.html
[53] Dawn. (2024, March 27). Islamabad High Court judges pen letter to
Supreme Judicial Council, allege interference by intelligence agencies.
[54] The Telegraph. (2024, March 27). Pakistani spies 'filmed judges' bedrooms'
in intimidation of Khan. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-
news/2024/03/27/pakistani-spies-filmed-judges-bedrooms-intimidation-
khan/

Section Three
Poll Rigging:
An Overview
As polling commenced in Pakistan on
February 8th, a cascade of troubling events
unfolded across the nation. From the
abrupt shutdown of the mobile network on
election day to instances of delayed polling
station openings, absentee staff, and
allegations of coercion tactics, alongside
the delayed announcement of results,
glaring irregularities in Form 47s, evident
disparities between Form 45 and Form 47
vote counts, and failure of ECP to post
Form 45s within the stipulated deadline,
these occurrences collectively underscore
the formidable challenges in upholding
transparency and accountability in
electoral processes. Consequently, these
developments cast a shadow over the
credibility of the results and raise serious
questions about the democratic integrity of
the outcomes.

INTERNET AND MOBILE NETWORK
SUSPENSION
In the lead-up to the elections in Pakistan, concerns were raised by Access
Now, a global network advocating against internet shutdowns, regarding
potential disruptions to communication networks during the electoral process
[1]. Prior to the elections, Prime Minister Anwar-ul-Haq Kakar made a
statement asserting that his government had "no intention" of shutting down
internet services, despite concerns over potential disruptions [2-3]. However,
despite these assurances from the government that internet and mobile
communications would not be blocked on election day [4-6], significant
disruptions were observed, raising questions about the transparency and
fairness of the electoral process [7-8].
On February 8, 2024, just moments before voting commenced, the

government implemented a nationwide shutdown of the mobile network,
contradicting earlier assurances [9-11]. The 8300 SMS service of the Election
Commission across the country was also affected [12]. This shutdown severely
hindered voters' ability to access crucial information, such as locating polling
stations, coordinating travel, and reporting electoral irregularities in real-time.
Fig: File photo
The mobile network shutdown received widespread condemnation from

human rights organizations and journalists alike. Lynne O'Donnell, a journalist
for Foreign Policy, criticized the shutdown, alleging that it was an attempt to
impede communication among opposition supporters [13]. The move was
seen as a violation of the rights to freedom of expression and peaceful
assembly, particularly given the recent crackdown on opposition figures
leading up to the elections.

Following the internet shutdown during the elections, Livia Saccardi, Interim
Deputy Director for South Asia at Amnesty International, denounced the
suspension of telecommunications and mobile internet services as a "blunt
attack" on fundamental rights. Saccardi called on Pakistani authorities to
adopt a rights-respecting approach and urgently lift all blanket restrictions on
internet access, stressing the importance of timely information dissemination
during the electoral process [14].
“The decision to suspend telecommunications and mobile internet services on

an election day is a blunt attack on the rights to freedom of expression and
peaceful assembly. It is reckless to impede access to information as people
head out to polling stations on the heels of devastating bomb blasts and what
has been an intense crackdown on the opposition in the lead up to the
elections in the country. Amnesty International calls on the authorities of
Pakistan to adopt a rights-respecting approach and urgently lift all blanket
restrictions on access to the internet.”
She further reiterated that, “Unwarranted restrictions on dissemination of

information, despite reassurances to the contrary from the Pakistan
Telecommunications Authority and Election Commission of Pakistan, are in
breach of people’s human rights at this critical time in Pakistan.”
The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) also issued a stern call for
the immediate reinstatement of cellular and internet services nationwide [15].
A representative from HRCP stated,
HRCP demanded the immediate

restoration of cellular and internet services
across the country.

Expressing grave concern over the ongoing disruption, despite the Sindh High
Court's clear directive to ensure uninterrupted internet services on polling day,
HRCP underscored the critical need for transparency regarding the origins,
duration, and impact of the disruption. In light of the Pakistan
Telecommunication Authority's (PTA) assertion that no instructions were
received from the government to block internet services, HRCP emphasized
the pressing importance of voters' right to information and the potential
consequences for the transmission of election results. HRCP further stressed
the imperative to swiftly identify and hold accountable those responsible for
issuing the disruptive order.
The Human Rights Council of Pakistan also vehemently condemned the

government's decision to shut down mobile and internet services in several
cities across the country during the elections. Describing the move as "sad
and cause for concern," the Council has expressed its apprehension regarding
the impact on election transparency. In a statement, they emphasized the
fundamental importance of mobile services on voting day in Pakistan,
stressing that it is a basic requirement for ensuring fair and accessible
elections. The Council called upon the Election Commission and the Supreme
Court of Pakistan to urgently address this issue and restore mobile services to
mitigate any potential hindrance to the democratic process [16].
Free and Fair Election Network (FAFEN) spokesperson Musarrat Qadeem also
voiced that delay in the release of poll results, and suspension of internet and
mobile services damaged parliamentary efforts made through the Election
Act [17].
In response to continued criticism of the election process, Twitter was blocked

in Pakistan on the evening of February 18 [18] and the restriction on the social
media platform continued even after three weeks [19]. Users reported being
unable to access the platform, with real-time monitoring services confirming
the outage. Netblocks, an internet watchdog, highlighted the disruption to
Twitter as part of a series of internet censorship measures imposed by
Pakistani authorities amidst allegations of election fraud.

References
[1] Access Now. (2024, February 6). #KeepItOn: Pakistan must ensure open and
secure internet access throughout the 2024 elections. Access Now.
https://www.accessnow.org/press-release/joint-letter-keepiton-pakistan-
election-2024/
[2] Lynch, C., & Sky News. (2024, February 8). Pakistan PM 'can't guarantee free
and fair elections' as country votes with mobile services suspended. Sky News.
https://news.sky.com/story/pakistan-election-pakistan-pm-denies-pre-poll-
rigging-claims-as-country-votes-with-mobile-services-suspended-13066527
[3] The Nation. (2024, January 23). Murtaza Solangi refutes reports of possible
internet shutdown during elections. The Nation.
https://www.nation.com.pk/23-Jan-2024/murtaza-solangi-refutes-reports-of-
possible-internet-shutdown-during-elections
[4] Khurram, S., & Arab News. (2024, February 7). Pakistan's telecom body says
the government will not suspend Internet service during elections. Arab News.
https://www.arabnews.com/node/2455811/pakistan
[5] Geo News. (2024, February 2). Internet shutdown on election day not on the
table: CEC Raja. Geo.tv. https://www.geo.tv/latest/529575-internet-shutdown-
on-election-day-not-on-the-table-cec-raja
[6] Hussain, B., & Business Recorder. (2024, February 5). Pakistan govt will not
shut down internet on election day, says PTA. Business Recorder.
[7] Netblocks. (2024, February 7). Confirmed: Live network data show a
disruption to mobile internet in Pakistan. Netblocks.
[8] Netblocks. (February, 7). Update: Real-time network data show that internet
blackouts are now in effect in multiple regions of Pakistan. Netblocks.
[9] de Guzman, C., & Time. (2024, February 8). Pakistan Suspends Mobile Phone
Services on Election Day. Time. https://time.com/6692687/pakistan-election-
day-voting-violence-phone-service-disturbances/

[10] Anadolu Ajansı. (2024, February 8). Amid cell phone, internet shutdown,
polls close in Pakistan. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-
pacific/amid-cell-phone-internet-shutdown-polls-close-in-pakistan/3131062
[11] The Independent. (2024, February 8). Mobile phone services shut in Pakistan
in 'ominous start' to election day. The Independent.
https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/south-asia/pakistan-national-elections-
2024-internet-shutdown-b2492636.html
[12] Samaa TV. (2024, February 8). Disruption of 8300 SMS service hinders voter
information nationwide. Samaa TV. https://www.samaa.tv/208739460-
disruption-of-8300-sms-service-hinders-voter-information-nationwide
[13] The Centrum Media. (2024, February 15). Lynne O'Donnell's Interview. The
Centrum Media.
https://twitter.com/thecentrummedia/status/1758033789614231878?s=20
[14] Amnesty International. (2024, February 8). Pakistan: Election-day internet

shutdown is a reckless attack on people's rights. Amnesty International.
https://amnesty.ca/human-rights-news/pakistan-election-day-internet-
shutdown-is-a-reckless-attack-on-peoples-rights/
[15] Human Rights Commission of Pakistan. (2024, February 8). HRCP demands
the immediate restoration of cellular and internet services across the country.
Human Rights Commission of Pakistan.
https://x.com/HRCP87/status/1755521023410086301
[16] Human Rights Council of Pakistan. (2024, February 7). The government of
Pakistan is shutting down mobile service and internet services in various cities
of Pakistan. Human Rights Council of Pakistan.
https://x.com/HRCPakistan/status/1755438475241820332
[17] The Express Tribune. (2024, February 10). Transparency at polling stations,
not in RO offices: FAFEN. The Express Tribune.
https://tribune.com.pk/story/2456029/transparency-at-polling-stations-not-
in-ro-offices-fafen
[18] Netblocks. (2024, February 17). Confirmed: Live metrics show a new
national-scale disruption to X/Twitter in Pakistan. Netblocks.
[19] Netblocks. (2024, March 9). Update: Metrics show that X has now been
restricted in Pakistan for three weeks; the popular microblogging platform has
been largely unavailable since 17 February. Netblocks.
https://x.com/netblocks/status/1766503384075419710?s=20

REPORTS ON ELECTORAL CHAOS: VIOLENCE,
VOTER SUPPRESSION, AND COMPROMISED
INTEGRITY IN PAKISTAN'S ELECTION
In the lead-up to the elections on 8th February, the caretaker regime, an

extension of the former PDM government, supported by the establishment,
employed every available means to suppress Imran Khan and his party,
aiming to discourage their voters and supporters from turning out on election
day [1-4]. Three convictions in just over a week seemed a desperate attempt
to sway voters to withdraw their support for Imran Khan and consider voting
for another party, potentially paving the way for the selected candidates. As if
this wasn't enough, the situation on election day was no different and possibly
designed to further hinder Khan's party.
On election day, the internet was suddenly shut off in many places across the
country and mobile phone service was also suspended. Amnesty called this
Election-day internet shutdown, a reckless attack on people’s rights [1].
Fig: Syed Ali Abbas’s post about internet suspension on election day.
Just about every trick in the book was used to decimate the party of the
former Prime Minister Imran Khan just before the elections.
PTI was prohibited from mobilizing its voters in large numbers, staging the kind
of rallies and corner meetings that are typical during any election campaign.
Moreover, PTI flags, posters, and banners were largely absent from the streets
of Pakistan, with credible reports indicating that printers were instructed not to
fulfill such orders and authorities were directed to remove any PTI banners
found on the streets [4].

In the absence of Khan's signature daily speeches and the ban on displaying
his name and image on television, an essential link to the voters was severed.
PTI responded by pivoting to social media and technology, utilizing them to
mobilize and educate their supporters, all in preparation for the crucial
election day. They even went so far as to pioneer an AI-generated voice of
Imran Khan for virtual rallies, a ground-breaking initiative not only in Pakistan
but globally [5].
On polling day, as the trend of voters coming out in large numbers to vote for
Imran Khan became apparent, efforts were made to prevent them from
reaching the polling stations and casting their votes. Polling failed to
commence in many polling stations across the country, leaving people
waiting in long queues to cast their votes. In numerous polling stations, polling
staff was absent, while in others, the process was intentionally slowed down to
limit the number of voters able to cast their vote. Moreover, despite polling
starting late in many polling stations, it abruptly ended at 5:00 PM, even
though voters were still waiting to cast their votes [6].
Fig. Bloomberg’s post about Polling on Election Day

During the voting process, some voters experienced a swift entry and exit from
the polling station, completing the process within minutes while for many
other voters, the polling at their respective stations was delayed. Several
voters found themselves navigating a labyrinth to locate their designated
voting booths. In many cases, the family's data wasn't centralized at one
polling station due to the Election Commission of Pakistan's (ECP) officials’
inefficiency. A father might have a vote in his nearest polling station, but the
son won’t. In such cases voters had to run from the pillar of one station to the
post of another to find their vote, which seemed like a deliberate effort by the
ECP to discourage voters from participating in the election.
In Karachi, there were reports indicating that the polling staff deliberately
attempted to mislead individuals by falsely claiming their votes were not
registered in the area. Similar reports emerged from Karachi, Lahore,
Islamabad, and various other areas, highlighting instances where family votes
were dispersed throughout the city or town, leading to confusion [10].
In contrast to this, there were reports from various places indicating that
people were being brought to polling stations to vote for PML-N, a party that
was widely considered the establishment's favorite to form the government.
The state was allegedly facilitating this, paving the way for an apparent
election win for PML-N, despite it being an unpopular party as evidenced by
various election surveys [7].
In the midst of widespread concerns regarding rigging and manipulation, the

Election Commission of Pakistan issued special passes to observers and
journalists, allowing them to visit polling stations and offices for observing
polling and result consolidation. However, despite this provision, media
personnel were still denied access to some polling stations across the country
[8].
A report from the Free and Fair Election Network (FAFEN), also highlighted
significant irregularities during the 8th February general elections [11]. FAFEN
reported that while their observers were granted access to polling stations
during vote casting and counting processes, they faced consistent barriers
when attempting to observe the preparation of preliminary electoral results at
the offices of Returning Officers (ROs). Shockingly, in only about half of the
National Assembly (NA) constituencies surveyed, ROs permitted FAFEN
observers to witness result tabulation proceedings, with refusals reported in 130
constituencies, a clear violation of Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP)
instructions.

The denial of observer access was widespread, affecting constituencies
across the country. Notably, FAFEN observers were refused permission in 78
constituencies in Punjab, 21 in Sindh, 17 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 11 in
Balochistan, and 3 in Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT). Furthermore,
restrictions on candidates and their agents to be present at tabulation
proceedings were reported in 66 NA constituencies, exacerbating concerns
about the transparency and fairness of the electoral process.
The report also highlights deficiencies in the distribution of essential forms,

such as Form-46 (Ballot Paper Account), at polling stations, with presiding
officers at nearly half of polling stations failing to provide observers with this
crucial documentation. Additionally, Form-45, essential for ensuring
transparency at the early stages of the result management process, was not
affixed at a conspicuous place outside almost a third of observed polling
stations.
Moreover, the caretaker government's decision to suspend cellular and

internet services on election day, purportedly for security reasons, has been
heavily criticized. This move, regardless of its justification, undermined years
of parliamentary efforts to reform the election results management process,
hindering access to information and transparency.
Despite recent amendments to the Elections Act aimed at enhancing

transparency, including requirements for the timely issuance of provisional
results, FAFEN's report reveals significant shortcomings. ROs failed to issue
progressive results as instructed by the Election Commission, forcing voters to
rely on media coverage of polling station results and leading to conclusions
based on incomplete information [12].

References
[1] Amnesty International. (2024, February 8). Pakistan: Election-day internet

shutdown is a reckless attack on people's rights. Amnesty International.
https://amnesty.ca/human-rights-news/pakistan-election-day-internet-
shutdown-is-a-reckless-attack-on-peoples-rights/
[2] PTI. Insaf.pk. https://insaf.pk/news/imran-khan%E2%80%99s-iconic-bat-

%E2%80%93-unmasking-flaws-system
[3] Netblocks. (February, 7). Update: Real-time network data show that internet
blackouts are now in effect in multiple regions of Pakistan. Netblocks.
[4] Khuhro, Z. (2024, February 1). In Pakistan's elections, the Lord of the Rings is
showing his wrath. Al Jazeera.
https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2024/2/1/in-pakistans-elections-the-
lord-of-the-rings-is-showing-his-wrath
[5] PTI. (n.d.). Imran Khan's voice most interesting thing in tech. Insaf.pk.
https://insaf.pk/news/imran-khans-ai-voice-most-interesting-thing-tech
[6] Al Jazeera. (2024, February 8). Al Jazeera team barred from entering polling
station. Al Jazeera https://aje.io/sj5svz?update=2690692
[7] Hussain, T., & Hussain, Z. (2023, March 7). Gallup survey finds Imran Khan
most popular leader. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1740892
[8] Al Jazeera. (n.d.). Al Jazeera team barred from entering polling station. Al
Jazeera. https://aje.io/sj5svz?update=2690692
[9] Bloomberg. (2024, February 8). Large crowds could still be seen outside a
polling station in Pakistan’s largest city after the 5pm end of voting. Bloomberg.
https://twitter.com/bloombergtv/status/1755573308580364453
[10] Malik, A. M., Hussain, T., & Hussain, Z. (2024, February 9). The 'sweet and sour'
voter experience - Pakistan - DAWN.COM. Dawn.
[11] Mohmand, A. (2024, February 11). FAFEN Raises Question Marks On

Transparency Of Results Tabulation Process At RO Offices. The Friday Times.
https://thefridaytimes.com/11-Feb-2024/fafen-raises-question-marks-on-
transparency-of-results-tabulation-process-at-ro-offices
[12] Khan, I. A., Hussain, T., & Hussain, Z. (2024, February 11). Election results delay
casts shadow over poll credibility: Fafen. Dawn.

INITIAL RESULTS BASED ON FORM 45
AND RIGGING VIA FORM-47
The elections conducted in Pakistan on February 8th, 2024, unfolded relatively
peacefully, witnessing a decent turnout despite persistent efforts by
authorities to hinder voters. Strategies such as internet shutdowns and
delayed polling were employed across the nation to complicate the voting
process. Nonetheless, as results began to surface on social media and TV
channels, a visible pattern emerged wherein PTI-backed independents
consistently maintained a lead across many constituencies.
At 3:00 am, the national assembly results indicated a significant lead for PTI
endorsed Independent Candidates, securing a substantial lead with 154 seats,
as per the Forms 45 received by candidates from different polling stations
within their respective constituencies [1].
Similar figures were corroborated by various other mainstream media outlets,

including HUM TV and GEO News. These channels consistently received
unofficial results from numerous polling stations across the country through
their on-site representatives, further affirming the significant lead held by PTI
Independent Candidates [2].
As several constituencies approached the final result tabulation, the flow of

result updates ceased, and reports surfaced indicating a delay in result
announcements from polling stations [3].
Fig: Election Results reported by Raftar

The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan expressed strong condemnation
for withholding the election results, which, according to legal requirements,
were supposed to be communicated by election officers by 2:00 am [4].
Several independent foreign journalists also voiced concerns regarding the

slowdown in releasing the election results. Lynne O'Donnell, journalist for
Foreign Policy said [5].
“l spent time at the headquarters of the election commission and so l was

there as the count was apparently coming in and over the course of the day
when it became clear that the independent vote was very high and possibly
was going to become a sweep, the vote counting slowed down.”
In its initial findings, the Free and Fair Election Network (FAFEN) raised a critical
question about the failure of Returning Officers (ROs) to promptly release
progressive results and why the legal obligation for Presiding Officers to
personally deliver the results to the RO offices was disregarded [6].

“Despite enhanced use of technology and more sophisticated election
management system, the Election Commission did not publish progressive
polling station-wise results on its website. The adherence to the recent
amendments to the Elections Act, 2017 particularly focusing on the improving
the efficiency and transparency of the election result management process
remained weak, raising questions on the integrity of the election outcome. The
recent amendment to Elections Act, 2017 required the ROs to issue Form- 47
(Provisional Consolidated Statement of the Result of the Count) at 2:00 am the
day following the election day, even if it is partially complete, and to complete
by 10:00 am the provisional result at any cost. However, the ROs failed in
issuing progressive results despite the Election Commission’s post mid-night
instructions that were also publicized, and voters had to rely on media
coverage of polling station results, with many making conclusions based on
incomplete information. The suspension of cellular services disrupted the flow
of information to ROs, ECP, media and observers alike. However, the ECP needs
to clarify why the legal requirement for Presiding Officers to physically reach
the RO offices and hand over the result was not fully complied with.”
During the period when the pace of election results significantly slowed down,
numerous documented cases emerged, revealing instances of result
manipulation. Videos of different polling stations being seized by military,
police and officers in civil clothes surfaced. There were reports of presiding
officers facing hindrance in issuing original Forms 45 to independent
candidates affiliated with PTI in addition to arrests and mistreatment of
several PTI-backed candidates. PTI's polling agents and candidates were
reportedly compelled to leave the polling stations during the counting
process, a violation of the legal requirements stipulated in the electoral
process.

Journalists and other independent media persons were also blocked from
entering the RO offices in many cities while the results were being compiled.
Incidents of ROs being physically assaulted, removed, or abducted from
polling stations, and reports of ROs being coerced into signing blank Form-
45s, with some instances of ballot papers being deliberately set ablaze also
surfaced on social media by credible sources raising serious concerns about
the transparency of the election results. There were numerous instances
where PTI candidates were threatened to accept the election results [7–19].
The events unfolding in Balochistan were even more alarming. Bags full of
stamped ballot papers were discovered in Balochistan's Mand area.
Additionally, there were multiple explosions in Balochistan in the days leading
up to the election day, resulting in multiple casualties. Polling was either
delayed or failed to commence altogether in numerous polling stations.
Interestingly, there are reports that PMLN emerged victorious in polling stations
where voting never started.
On the morning of 9th February 2024, as official results began to emerge on

various channels, there were scores of bizarre reversals. Al Jazeera reported
[20]:
“People here are trying to make sense of them because they went to sleep last
night, they stayed up till the early hours of the morning watching some of
those results coming from those polling stations that put independents clearly
ahead in many areas across Pakistan they went to bed they woke up to find in
some cases a set of very different results.”
Sarwar Bari, National Coordinator Pattan, also expressed his concerns about
the blatant result manipulation [21]:
“Concrete evidence in form of all the Form45 of few constituencies

substantiates claim of PTl. Form 47s don’t tally forms 45s. Our ECP proved
Stalin right. He had said those count the ballots matter more than the voters.”
There is compelling evidence pointing to massive result manipulation during

the aggregation of verified polling station results. The votes for each
candidate are carefully tabulated on the Form 45 at each polling station.
Copies of Form-45 obtained by PTI candidates' polling agents consistently
depict them winning by significant to substantial margins.

Seeing PTI affiliated candidates' apparent lead, the Returning Officers (ROs)
started manipulating the final results using Form-47, which is meant to
aggregate all votes recorded in Forms-45 from every polling station in an
electoral constituency. In many cases, PTI candidates led by significant
margins based on the aggregation of votes documented on Form-45s.
Nevertheless, Form-47 was illicitly prepared by the ROs in the absence of PTI
candidates and their polling agents, resulting in PTI candidates being
depicted as runners-up in the 'Official ECP result'. This contravenes Pakistani
electoral law, which mandates the consolidation of Forms-45 and the
issuance of Form-47 in the presence of all candidates and their agents.
However, in numerous instances, police force and state machinery were
deployed to prevent PTI candidates from accessing the ROs to participate in
the tabulation process of Form-47 [22-23].
In its preliminary report, the Free and Fair Election Network (FAFEN) observed
that while there was relative procedural transparency at polling stations, only
about half of the ROs permitted FAFEN observers to witness the result
tabulation proceedings, a clear violation of Section 92 of the Elections Act 2017
[6].
“Compared to the relative procedural transparency at polling stations, FAFEN’s

observers were not as consistently permitted at the offices of ROs to observe
the process of the preparation of preliminary electoral results. Of 244 National
Assembly (NA) constituencies, the ROs in only about half (114 or 46.7 percent)
allowed FAFEN observers to witness the result tabulation proceedings.”
In numerous instances, PTI candidates and their polling agents were not
allowed to be physically present during the preparation of Form-45. Returning
Officers allegedly ignored the authentic Form-45 results and, instead, crafted
Form-47 based on "Orders from Above," favoring opponents of Pakistan
Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI).
On February 12th, FAFEN urged the ECP to take notice of the non-adherence to
legal requirements by Returning Officers (ROs) in results tabulation. However,
the behavior of the ECP has been highly suspicious and evasive.
When this issue was brought to the attention of the Sindh High Court,
underscoring the blatant rigging against PTI, the court intervened and
restrained the Election Commission of Pakistan from announcing results until
the disparities between Forms-45 and Form-47 were rectified for 25 seats.

PTI-backed candidates made concerted efforts to obtain as many Forms 45
as possible, despite facing challenges and resistance. They now possess
authenticated copies of Form-45, claiming victory in nearly 180 National
Assembly seats.
However, the Election Commission of Pakistan, relying on tampered Form-45

documents, allocated only 93 seats to PTI. This glaring discrepancy amounts
to 93 seats, representing approximately 50% of PTI's total National Assembly
seats. Furthermore, analysis based on the Forms-45 also suggests that the
PMLN party, led by Nawaz Sharif, secured a total of 17 seats instead of the
official 75 seats [24].
Based on this data, Imran Khan’s party, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf has a clear
majority to form a government in Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Federal as
confirmed by Chairman PTI, Barrister Gohar Khan during a press talk.
Moreover, in an AI-generated message crafted from the notes provided by

Imran Khan's to his legal team, Imran Khan delivered a victory speech,
congratulating his voters and supporters for securing a two-thirds majority in
the 2024 general elections. The message also echoed allegations of rigging,
asserting that the party was on track to win approximately 170 seats
according to Forms 45 [32].
“As per independent sources, we were winning in 150 constituencies before the
rigging began. As per Form-45s, we have won over 170 seats [out of the total
265]”
According to the official Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) election

results, PTI independents currently hold 93 seats in the National Assembly.
However, there are ongoing concerns about result manipulation even three
weeks after the elections.
As time progresses, the number of PTI's seats according to official ECP data
has barely increased. Meanwhile, during the same period, PMLN's National
Assembly seats, initially reported as 47 according to official ECP data, have
now risen to 75.

These trends strongly suggest widespread manipulation of results nationwide
by the state machinery, aimed at reducing PTI's seat count and bolstering
PMLN's position to potentially form a government comfortably, as highlighted
in Imran Khan's speeches regarding the infamous London Plan. Similar
patterns have been observed in the Punjab provincial assembly [26].
Candidates affiliated with PTI, who were declared as losers despite winning the
elections according to Form 45, have now challenged these results in court
and are actively pursuing their cases through legal channels. As of February
25th, 2024, PTI had filed over 75 cases related to National Assembly seats,
primarily based on discrepancies observed in Form-45. Additionally,
numerous cases have been lodged in the courts and the Election Commission
of Pakistan (ECP) based on recounting requests and other grounds.
Specifically, in Sindh alone, PTI had submitted approximately 50 petitions,
including 22 petitions for National Assembly seats, with 20 from Karachi and 2
from Hyderabad [27].
Under a compromised judicial system and a biased ECP that has been
working as a facilitator in undermining PTI’s mandate to pave way for PMLN to
form a government, there is little hope to get justice from these state
institutions. This is why Imran Khan has called for nationwide peaceful
protests, urging the people to safeguard their mandate and reclaim what is
rightfully theirs.
Despite the blatant manipulation of election results, PTI's independents have

emerged victorious. International media sources have confirmed that Imran
Khan's PTI-backed independents held leading positions in the elections.
However, the misappropriation of seats poses a significant threat to PTI's
rightful and substantial mandate to form a government.

Fig: Few Petitions filed by PTI against rigging on different National seats.

Fig: Few Petitions filed by PTI against rigging on different seats in Sindh.

References
[1] RaftarDotCom [@RaftarDotCom]. [Tweet]. Twitter.

https://twitter.com/raftardotcom/status/1755721864029053295
[2] YouTube. [Video]. YouTube. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=JvoXRJFGiAs]
[3] CNN. Pakistan votes in high-stakes election [News article]. CNN

International. [https://www.cnn.com/2024/02/08/asia/pakistan-election-
day-voting-polls-intl-hnk/index.html]
[4] HRCP [@HRCP87]. [Tweet]. Twitter.

[https://twitter.com/HRCP87/status/1755892759091687748?s=20]
[5] YouTube. [Video]. YouTube. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=ivBugahskYU]
[6] Free and Fair Election Network. FAFEN preliminary report on observation of
GE 2024 [PDF]. [https://fafen.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/FAFEN-
Preliminary-Report-on-Observation-of-GE-2024-1.pdf]
[7] Sherazi, S. [@sherazi_silmian]. [Tweet]. Twitter.

[https://twitter.com/sherazi_silmian/status/1755639777817252246]
[8] Grim, R. [@ryangrim]. [Tweet]. Twitter.

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[9] Faheem, MNA [@MNAFaheemPTI]. [Tweet]. Twitter.

[https://twitter.com/MNAFaheemPTI/status/1755698699869536676]
[10] Malazai, N. K. [@NKMalazai]. [Tweet]. Twitter.

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[11] PTI Politics [@pti_politics]. [Tweet]. Twitter.

[https://twitter.com/pti_politics/status/1755549366285455790]
[12] Saar Bab [@saarbab]. [Tweet]. Twitter.

[https://twitter.com/saarbab/status/1755615365005262903]
[13] Justuju [@justujuuu]. [Tweet]. Twitter.

[https://twitter.com/justujuuu/status/1755557874653163547]

[https://twitter.com/NKMalazai/status/1755587914132599107?s=20]

[https://twitter.com/NKMalazai/status/1755617476136603680]

[16] Seckermani, S. [@seckermani]. [Tweet]. Twitter.
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[17] YouTube. [Video]. YouTube. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-

Uiqr6IFtw4]
[18] Warrior WCA [@warriorwca]. [Tweet]. Twitter.

https://twitter.com/warriorwca/status/1755954034815431052
[19] Seckermani, S. [@seckermani]. [Tweet]. Twitter.

https://twitter.com/seckermani/status/1756959118001074518
[20] YouTube. [Video]. YouTube. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-

Uiqr6IFtw4]
[21] Barisar Wra [@barisarwra]. [Tweet]. Twitter.

https://twitter.com/barisarwra/status/1756954904294224305
[22] Dawn. PTI alleges Form 47 of 18 NA seats falsely changed by returning

officers [News article]. Dawn. [https://www.dawn.com/news/1813349/pti-
alleges-form-47-of-18-na-seats-falsely-changed-by-returning-officers]
[23] Firstpost. Pakistan petitions by losing candidates flood courts as Imran

Khan's supporters challenge poll results [News article]. Firstpost.
https://www.firstpost.com/world/pakistan-petitions-by-losing-candidates-
flood-courts-as-imran-khans-supporters-challenge-poll-results-
13714552.html
[24] PTI Official [@PTIofficial]. [Tweet]. Twitter.

https://twitter.com/PTIofficial/status/1757616494068768771
[25] Dawn. [News article]. Dawn. [https://www.dawn.com/news/1812970]
[26] PTI Official Canada [@ptiofficialca]. [Tweet]. Twitter.

https://twitter.com/ptiofficialca/status/1643493486476271616
[27] Ghumman, A. [@ArsalanGhumman]. [Tweet]. Twitter.

https://twitter.com/ArsalanGhumman/status/1761765609350529228

GLARING IRREGULARITIES IN
FORMS-47 DATA
Alarming discrepancies have emerged in the Form 47 reports released by the
Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP). These irregularities, highlighted by
concerned citizens and electoral observers, cast serious doubts on the
integrity of the electoral process and raise serious questions about the
accuracy of the announced results.
In NA-186, for example, the total number of votes casted is reported as 212,043,
yet the sum of accepted votes (212043) and rejected votes (4396) amounts to
216,439, leaving a puzzling discrepancy of over 4,000 votes unaccounted for
[1]. Similarly, in NA-178 Muzaffargarh, where the correct and rejected votes
aggregate to 224,368, there's a significant discrepancy as the reported total
votes cast is 228,955 [2].
Total votes cast
Fig. NA-186 Form 47
Fig. NA-178 Form 47

Similarly, the discrepancies persist in NA-158 Vehari, where the aggregated
accepted and rejected votes fall short by around 5,000 votes compared to the
reported total votes cast [3]. In NA-106 Toba Tek Singh, surprisingly over 7500
votes were rejected. On top of that, the total number of votes casted is less
than the total number of votes accepted, a concerning mistake especially
considering the narrow victory margin of the winning candidate [4].
Fig. NA-158 Form 47
Fig. NA-106 Form 47

Moreover, in NA-63 Gujrat, there's a discrepancy of 1,837 votes between the
reported total votes cast and the sum of accepted and rejected votes [5].
Similarly, in NA-69, according to Form 47 [6], Nasir Bosal was declared the
winner by a margin of 4,517 votes. However, serious anomalies in the reported
numbers have emerged, with a whopping 11,609 votes being rejected in the
constituency. The total number of votes cast is reported as 298,999, yet the
sum of valid votes and rejected votes is stated as 298,880, leaving a
discrepancy of 119 votes unaccounted for [7].
Fig. NA-63 Form 47
Fig. NA-69 Form 47

In the fiercely contested NA-130 constituency, which witnessed the
participation of former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, a series of irregularities
unfolded [8]. Dr. Yasmeen Rashid, a prominent figure representing PTI and a
former Punjab Health Minister, initially appeared to lead by a significant
margin based on the original signed Form 45. According to her lawyer, Ahmed
Owais, In 343 out of 376 polling stations, Yasmin Rashid had garnered over
99000 votes compared to Nawaz Sharif's 78000. However, there was a
significant shift in results after midnight when the returning officer was
replaced. In the remaining 33 polling stations, Nawaz Sharif suddenly received
100,000 votes, whereas Yasmin Rashid only received 2500 votes [9].
However, the outcome took a shocking turn when the returning officer abruptly
declared only four candidates as recipients of votes, with ten candidates
purportedly receiving zero votes, suggesting they did not even vote for
themselves [10]. Without reconciling the discrepancies in the original Form 45,
the officer hastily announced Nawaz Sharif as the victor. Following a surge of
social media criticism, a revised Form 47 was issued [11], allocating marginal
votes to the previously overlooked candidates. Notably, the revised data
revealed that MQM-P received only 102 votes, a figure significantly lower than
the number of polling stations implying that even polling agents did not vote
for their respective parties. The way the results unfolded indicate blatant
irregularities in the Form 47 [12].
Notably, similar irregularities are observed in the results of provincial

assembly seats, compounding concerns over the reliability of the electoral
data. It is particularly shocking that such discrepancies are found in reports
posted by the ECP itself, the very institution entrusted with ensuring the
transparency and fairness of the electoral process.

References
[1] Election Commission of Pakistan. (2024, February 11). Form 47 NA-186.

Election Commission of Pakistan. NA-186.pdf





[7] Naya Pakistan. (2024, February 10). Discrepancies in Form 47 of NA-69. Naya
Pakistan. https://twitter.com/Naya__Pakistan_/status/1756205422166319339
[8] PTI Canada. (2024, February 11). Bureau Chief Talon News Azam Chaudhry
on the blatant rigging in NA-130. PTI Canada Official.
https://twitter.com/PTIOfficialCA/status/1756804846152204684
[9] PTI Canada. (2024, February 25). Ahmed Owais' Statement. PTI Canada
Official. https://x.com/PTIOfficialCA/status/1761783963129909432?s=20
[10] Raftar. (2024, February 9). Discrepancies in Form 45 and Form 47 of NA-130.
Raftar. https://x.com/raftardotcom/status/1755909832685543776

[12] Dunya News. (2024, February 9). The Election Commission did not release
the result of NA-130. Dunya News.
https://twitter.com/DunyaNews/status/1755933439197426076

COMPARATIVE REPORT ON
DISCREPANCIES IN FORM 45 AND
FORM 47 VOTE COUNTS
The crux of the issue lies in the aggregation of verified results from individual
polling stations, documented on Form 45. According to the results compiled
through Form 45 data, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) was poised for victory
with substantial margins in numerous constituencies. However, discrepancies
arose when Returning Officers (RO) seemingly tampered with the final results
using Form 47, which is intended to consolidate votes from all original Forms 45
within an electoral constituency.
In this detailed overview, concerns regarding the accuracy and integrity of the
electoral process, particularly concerning the tabulation of results in Form 45
and Form 47, have emerged. Discrepancies have been observed in numerous
constituencies where Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) candidates were evidently
leading according to original Forms 45 [1], only to be brazenly overturned in the
final Form 47 results. These discrepancies raise fundamental questions about
the transparency and fairness of the electoral process, warranting thorough
examination and rectification.
The comparative analysis of vote counts from the original Forms 45 released
on February 8th 2024 and Forms 47 has unearthed a deeply concerning
pattern, revealing significant disparities between initial and final election
results in pivotal constituencies nationwide. A glaring example emerges from
NA-47 in Islamabad, where Shoaib Shaheen, endorsed by PTI, appeared to
secure a decisive victory with 46,307 votes over Tariq Fazal Ch from PMLN, who
garnered 19,536 votes with 71% of polling stations reporting, according to Geo
News. However, the outcome took a sharp turn when Tariq Fazal was ultimately
declared the winner. This unsettling trend repeated in other Islamabad
constituencies like NA-48 and NA-49, where PTI backed independent
candidates suffered unexpected defeats despite leading by 14,396 and 18,467
votes, respectively, as reported by Geo News. Upon closer scrutiny of original
Forms 45 released on February 8th and Forms 47, it becomes apparent that
PTI-backed candidates had indeed clinched victories by substantial margins of
over 40,000 votes in each constituency (See Appendix).

Fig. NA-47 Initial Results
In a baffling turn of events, PTI-backed candidate Basharat Raja encountered

a situation mirroring the disturbing trend seen in other constituencies.
According to reports from Geo News, Raja initially appeared to be cruising to
victory with an impressive tally of 76,380 votes, while his opponent Malik Abrar
Ahmed lagged behind with 36,618 votes. However, the final outcome, as
indicated by Form 47, defied these apparent results, leading to Raja's
unexpected defeat. Yet, a meticulous examination of the votes recorded in
Form 45 tells a vastly different story: Raja emerges as the clear victor,
commanding a lead of over 40,000 votes (See Appendix).
Fig. NA-55 Results (a) Before and (b) After.

Similarly, in the case of Seemabia Tahir from NA-57 further underscores the
pervasive nature of electoral irregularities. According to the original Forms 45,
Seemabia emerged victorious with a staggering lead of over 50,000 votes.
However, her triumph was swiftly undermined by discrepancies revealed in
subsequent Form 47 reports (See Appendix). In a message addressing the
alleged rigging in the elections, Seemabia outlined the details of the
malpractices that marred the electoral process [2].
In Chakwal, Ayaz Amir, despite securing a substantial victory by a wide margin

(See Appendix), found himself on the receiving end of an unexpected outcome
as the election commission issued a result in favor of Nawaz Sharif's party.
"I was forced out of the RO's office and then the RO's were forced to sign the
doctored results." Ayaz Amir, PTI's backed candidate in Chakwal stated [3].
Ayaz Amir lodged a complaint challenging the election outcome in Chakwal's
NA-58 with the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP). The commission has
acknowledged the plea and scheduled a hearing [4].
In a strikingly parallel scenario, the case of Qaisera Elahi, wife of Pervez Elahi,
adds another layer of complexity to the widespread electoral discrepancies.
Initially, Elahi appeared to be cruising towards victory with an impressive lead
of around 35,000 votes. However, the announcement of results based on Form
47 by the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) unveiled a baffling twist as
Elahi was unexpectedly declared the losing candidate, conceding victory to
Salik Hussain. Nonetheless, a thorough examination of original Forms 45
reveals an entirely contrasting narrative: Elahi emerges as the definitive
winner, commanding a staggering lead of over 130,000 votes (See Appendix).
This stark disparity between the initial indications and the final outcomes
casts a glaring spotlight on the integrity of the electoral process and raises
serious concerns about the legitimacy of the results. It must be noted that
these discrepancies in the electoral process were in fact also underscored by
the Jamaat-e-Islami candidate, who pointed out the returning officer's failure
to adhere to legal procedures, particularly in consolidating Form 45 in the
presence of candidates. Moreover, the same concern was echoed by a
Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP) candidate, who acknowledged that the PTI
candidate had received the highest number of votes, further supporting the
contention of irregularities in the electoral process.

In a stark illustration of electoral irregularities, Rehana Dar had seemingly

secured a commanding lead of at least 49,000 votes, as per the original Forms
45 (See Appendix), for NA-71 in Sialkot, Punjab. However, the revelation of the
complete results (Form 47) painted a drastically different picture, with her
opponent Khawaja Asif from PMLN declared the ultimate victor. According to
The Intercept:
“On Thursday night, election night, with her son Umar still in custody, she
shocked the country. With 99 percent of precincts counted, she had beaten
that lifetime politician, Khawaja Asif, with 131,615 to 82,615 votes. [...] Then
came one more wrinkle — one that many in Pakistan expected, but which was
still shocking. When the full results were announced, Dar’s total had been
reduced by 31,434 votes, while Asif gained votes, and he was declared the
winner.” [5].

Similarly, in NA-128 Lahore, Barrister Salman Akram Raja, backed by PTI,

initially surged ahead with a commanding lead of over 100,000 votes over the
second-best candidate. However, within a mere day, Barrister Raja found
himself trailing, and Aun Chaudhry, known for levying charges against Imran
Khan, was declared the victor. As the results were being aggregated, Raja
faced expulsion from the RO office [6], with reports emerging of his assistant
being subjected to physical assault [7]. These incidents are just a few
examples of the egregious reversals witnessed across numerous
constituencies, evidently stemming from malicious and blatant manipulation
of results.
In stark contrast to the results reported by the Election Commission of Pakistan

(ECP) based on Form 47, the vote count derived from Form 45 in NA-128
reveals a vastly different outcome. According to these official documents,
Salman Akram Raja emerged victorious with an astonishing margin of over
80,000 votes (See Appendix).

This significant variance between the two sets of results highlights the
potential discrepancies within the electoral process and raises profound
concerns about the accuracy and integrity of the final reported outcomes.
In another constituency, NA-139 in Pakpattan, initial reports indicated that Rao

Omar Hashim was leading in the vote count but, the results released by ECP
based on Form 47 indicated a victory for the PMLN candidate, contradicting
the earlier reports. However, upon closer examination of the vote count derived
from original Forms 45 Rao Omar Hashim emerged victorious by a substantial
margin of 12,000 votes (See Appendix).

The discrepancy in electoral outcomes extends further as evidenced in the

case of Meher Bano Qureshi. While initial reports from ARY News indicated
Qureshi's lead in the vote count, the results declared by the Election
Commission of Pakistan (ECP) deviated significantly from these reports.
Notably, Form 47 revealed a startling number of over 16,000 rejected votes [8],
casting doubt on the validity of the final tally. However, a closer examination of
the vote count derived from original Forms 45 presents a contrasting
narrative, with Meher Bano Qureshi emerging as the clear victor with a
substantial lead of 5,000 votes (See Appendix).

Similarly, in NA-163, a stark contrast emerged between initial reports and the
final outcome of the election. Initially, according to Express News, PTI-backed
candidate Shaukat Basra appeared to be leading the race. However,
overnight, the PMLZ candidate was declared the winner, raising questions
about the transparency of the process. Basra promptly raised concerns about
potential rigging in NA-163 Bahawalnagar, presenting evidence from all
original Forms 45 [9]. According to these official documents, Basra secured a
significant victory, leading by 37,888 votes (See Appendix). This underscores
the need for thorough investigation and accountability to ensure the integrity
of electoral processes in Pakistan.
Alamgir Khan, the candidate representing Imran Khan's party from NA-236,
has raised alarming allegations of blatant rigging akin to daylight robbery in
the recent re-election in his constituency. Having previously secured victory in
the 2018 by-election, Khan points to a stark contrast between the vote count
recorded in Form 45, which surpasses 100,000 votes in his favor, and the
officially declared results, which significantly reduce his margin to just over
1,000 votes (See Appendix). In a video message, Khan fervently appealed to
the courts to uphold the mandate of the people and intervene decisively to put
an end to such electoral malpractice [10]:
"My 100,000 votes have become 1,000. The Election Commission has joked with
the people of Karachi, in any case they will not accept rigging. The
fundamental rights of the people have been robbed.”

Fig. NA-236 Irregularities in Electoral Process
In a similar scenario, Haleem Adil Sheikh's electoral journey also presents

notable contrasts. Initial reports from Samaa News indicated Sheikh leading in
the polls by a margin of approximately 9,000 votes, suggesting a favorable
outcome. However, the official declaration based on Form 47 results appeared
to deny him victory. Despite this discrepancy, a subsequent review of the vote
count from Form 45 indicated that Haleem Adil Sheikh emerged as the victor,
boasting a considerable lead of 68,137 votes (See Appendix).

Fig. NA-238 Initial Results.
In another electoral episode unfolding in Karachi's NA-241 constituency,

Khurram Sher Zaman's bid for victory faced a similar ordeal. Despite the vote
count based on Form 45 showing him receiving 78,044 votes compared to
Mirza Ikhtiar Baig from PPP, who garnered only 7,297 votes (See Appendix), the
results announced through Form 47 by the Election Commission of Pakistan
(ECP) painted a different picture, denying Zaman the victory. This discrepancy
once again underscores the critical need for transparency and accuracy in
the electoral process to uphold the democratic principles and ensure the
integrity of election results. Such instances further highlight the imperative for
thorough investigations and measures to address any discrepancies that may
undermine public trust in the electoral system.

Fig. NA-241 Initial Results.
These irregularities manifested not solely within the realms of national

assembly seats but permeated into provincial assembly seats throughout
Pakistan. A glaring example arose from PK-79, where the Form 45 submissions
attributed 25,102 votes to Taimoor Saleem Jhagra, whereas the competing
Jamaat-e-Islami candidate garnered 5,188 votes, with a mere 1,619 votes
accredited to the PMLN candidate. However, the subsequent Form 47, released
by the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP), revealed a staggering
discrepancy as the PMLN candidate, Jalal Khan, purportedly received 16,031
votes—nearly tenfold his original count from the Form 45 submissions—while
Taimoor Jhagra's tally plummeted to 11,495 votes (See Appendix). In a recently
surfaced video, the Returning Officer (RO) can be seen counting Taimoor
Saleem Jhagra’s votes and declaring Jhagra as the winner [11].
Likewise, in Multan's PP-218 constituency, Zahoor Ahmed Bhutta initially

garnered 55,738 votes as reported in original Forms 45. However, his vote
count was subsequently revised downward to 41,627 according to Form 47. In
contrast, his opponent Muhammad Salman, initially reported to have 43,908
votes in original Forms 45, ultimately secured victory with official results
showing 45,914 votes. It is important to note in this constituency over 13,000
votes were rejected.

Fig. PP-218 Form 47- Total number of rejected votes in PP-218 are 13698
According to Geo News, on the night of February 8, all the PTI backed
candidates except Tariq Aziz Bhatti were winning from Rawalpindi, but later, all
the candidates were declared to have lost. These incongruences underscored
pressing concerns about the transparency and fidelity of the electoral process
[12].

References
[1] PTI. (2024, February 10). GE 2024 Results. PTI. GE 2024 Results
[2] PTI. (2024, February 12). Message by PTI candidate from NA-57 Seemabia
Tahir regarding the rigging happened in the election. PTI Official.
https://x.com/PTIofficial/status/1757084714177855633
[3] PTI USA. (2024, February 12). Ayaz Amir's Statement. PTI USA Official.
https://twitter.com/PTIOfficialUSA/status/1757095747370074576
[4] The News. (2024, February 11). A PTI-backed independent candidate Ayaz
Amir filed a plea against the election results in Chakwal's NA-58 in the Election
Commission of Pakistan (ECP). The News.
https://twitter.com/thenews_intl/status/1756711410388660540
[5] The Intercept. (2024, February 9). Historic Turnout in Pakistan Is Swamping
the Military's Effort to Rig the Election. The Intercept.
https://theintercept.com/2024/02/09/pakistan-election-military-pti/
[6] PTI Canada. (2024, February 15). Salman Akram Raja, recounts the first hand
experience he and wife faced at the hands of the ROs on Election night. PTI
Canada Official.
[7] ARY News. (2024, February 9). Salman Akram Raja moves LHC against
election results. ARY News. https://arynews.tv/salman-akram-raja-moves-lhc-
against-na-128-election-results/
[8] Election Commission of Pakistan. (2024, February 11). Form 47 NA-151. Election
Commission of Pakistan. NA-151.pdf
[9] PTI. (2024, February 15). PTI's Shaukat Basra exposes rigging in NA 163
Bahawalnagar with all Form 45. PTI Official.
[10] PTI Canada. (2024, February 9). Alamgir Khan's Statement. PTI Canada
Official. https://x.com/PTIOfficialCA/status/1756010556371116361
[11] PTI. (2024, February 19). Rigging Exposed in PK-79. PTI.

[12] Siasat.pk. (2024, February 21). Election Results from Geo News. Siasat.pk.
https://twitter.com/siasatpk/status/1760375114057580750

GLARING DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN
ORIGINAL AND RELEASED FORMS 45
The Elections Act 2017 of Pakistan clearly delineates responsibilities for
returning officers (ROs) and the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP),
emphasizing the timely transmission and publication of crucial electoral
documents. Section 95 of the Act explicitly outlined the obligation of ROs to
submit signed copies of the consolidated statement of results and the final
consolidated result to the ECP, alongside other essential documents received
from presiding officers. Additionally, Section 95(10) underscores the mandate
for the ECP to promptly publish these documents on its website within fourteen
days of the polling date.
However, despite these clear legal requirements, the ECP has come under
scrutiny for its failure to fulfill its obligations in a timely manner. Specifically,
the delay in uploading Forms 45, which contains critical data on the results of
the count, has grave concerns regarding the transparency of the electoral
process [1].
On March 5th, 2024, the ECP finally released the long-awaited Forms 45.
However, what should have been a moment of transparency and
accountability has instead deepened concerns, as these forms reveal glaring
inconsistencies and signs of tampering. These tampered Forms 45 suggest
that the number of votes allocated to candidates has been significantly
altered, casting serious doubts on the accuracy and integrity of the electoral
results.
In this examination, concerning disparities have surfaced between the original

Forms 45 [2] provided to candidates and the subsequent Form 45 reports
published by the ECP. These disparities are particularly pronounced in various
constituencies where candidates affiliated with the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
(PTI) were initially leading based on the original Forms 45. Such
inconsistencies bring into question the transparency and impartiality of the
electoral procedure, necessitating a rigorous investigation and corrective
measures.
Subsequent paragraphs will delve into specific instances of forgery found in

selected Forms 45, underscoring the extensive post-poll manipulation of
results on a national scale.

In NA-128 Lahore, PTI backed candidate Barrister Salman Akram Raja, initially
established a substantial lead, boasting over 100,000 votes ahead of the
closest contender. However, within a remarkably short span of time, Barrister
Raja witnessed a dramatic reversal of fortunes, as he found himself trailing
behind. Aun Chaudhry, who has been vocal in levying accusations against
Imran Khan, swiftly emerged as the declared victor in this electoral contest.
Fig. NA-128 Original Form 45 vs Forged Form 45

Upon closer examination of the Forms 45 [3], it becomes glaringly apparent
that the recently released Forms 45 pertaining to NA-128 have been tampered
with. For instance, a thorough scrutiny of the Form 45 originating from polling
station 19 of NA-128 reveals a stark irregularity: Aun Chaudhry's vote count has
been egregiously manipulated, artificially inflated from 173 to 973 with a mere
addition of “9” in the vote tally. Similarly, upon scrutinizing another Form 45
from a different polling station, it becomes evident that Aun Chaudhry's votes
have undergone a miraculous increase from 93 to 493 with an addition of “4”
to “93” in the vote count.
Similarly Upon scrutinizing the released Forms 45 concerning NA-238, where

Haleem Adil Sheikh was contesting, a disturbing pattern of forgery emerged
[4]. In one particular polling station, a stark disparity is evident: Haleem Adil
Sheikh's vote tally drastically plummets from 452 to a mere 51. Closer
inspection reveals a troubling alteration in the figures; it becomes apparent
that the "4" in 452 has been whitened out, and the "2" overwritten to reflect a
“1”.

Additionally, in another Form 45 from NA-238, Haleem Adil Sheikh's opponent,
Sadiq Ifthikhar, who initially secured a modest 18 votes, mysteriously garnered
218 votes in the released Form 45. Notably, a "2" has been conspicuously
added to "18" using a different ink on the form. Furthermore, Haleem Adil
Sheikh's own vote count was drastically reduced from 337 to 137 in the newly
released form, with clear indications of tampering evident as the digit "3" in
"337" has been overwritten to reflect "137".
Furthermore, in another polling station, there is a significant discrepancy in

Haleem Adil's vote count, which was originally recorded as 506 but
inexplicably reduced to 206 in the released Form 45. Notably, the digit "5" in
"506" has been visibly altered to read "206," indicating clear evidence of
tampering. Moreover, his opponent's votes have been inflated from a meager
20 to a remarkable 320, suggesting an egregious manipulation of results.

Similarly, in another polling station, according to the original Form 45, the PTI-
backed candidate garnered 379 votes, while the MQM candidate secured only
24 votes. However, in the Form 45 released by the ECP, Haleem Adil's votes
have been slashed to 179, and Sadiq Iftikhar's votes have surged to 324.
Furthermore, in a separate polling station, Haleem Adil's 450 votes were
fraudulently altered to 50, illustrating a pattern of systematic manipulation.
Upon closer examination of the photographs of these forms, it becomes

apparent that digits have been whitened out and subsequently altered with a
different ink, further highlighting the deliberate and systematic nature of the
forgery perpetrated in NA-238. It must be noted that Haleem Adil was leading
by approximately 9,000 votes according to initial reports, but the official
declaration based on Form 47 results contradicted this, prompting concerns
about the accuracy of the results announced and published by the ECP.

Furthermore, in another polling station, there is a significant discrepancy in

Haleem Adil's vote count, which was originally recorded as 506 but
inexplicably reduced to 206 in the released Form 45. Notably, the digit "5" in
"506" has been visibly altered to read "206," indicating clear evidence of
tampering. Moreover, his opponent's votes have been inflated from a meager
20 to a remarkable 320, suggesting an egregious manipulation of results.

Similarly, in another polling station, according to the original Form 45, the PTI-
backed candidate garnered 379 votes, while the MQM candidate secured only
24 votes. However, in the Form 45 released by the ECP, Haleem Adil's votes
have been slashed to 179, and Sadiq Iftikhar's votes have surged to 324.
Furthermore, in a separate polling station, Haleem Adil's 450 votes were
fraudulently altered to 50, illustrating a pattern of systematic manipulation.
Upon closer examination of the photographs of these forms, it becomes

apparent that digits have been whitened out and subsequently altered with a
different ink, further highlighting the deliberate and systematic nature of the
forgery perpetrated in NA-238. It must be noted that Haleem Adil was leading
by approximately 9,000 votes according to initial reports, but the official
declaration based on Form 47 results contradicted this, prompting concerns
about the accuracy of the results announced and published by the ECP.


In another glaring demonstration of electoral irregularities, Rehana Dar initially
held a significant lead of at least 49,000 votes in NA-71 Sialkot, Punjab, as per
the original Forms 45, yet overnight her opponent, Khawaja Asif from PMLN
won the election. In NA-71 as well, similar evidence of forgery in Forms 45
released by the ECP has come to light [5], particularly in polling station 105 of
NA-71. At this polling station, initially, PMLN's Khawaja Asif was recorded as
receiving only 209 votes. However, in the Form 45 released by the ECP, the
number "209" has been tampered with and changed to "809." In a comical
error, only the number of votes found in the ballot box has been altered, while
the total number of accepted votes for Khawaja Asif remains at 209, blatantly
indicating the fraudulent manipulation of the form.
Furthermore, in NA-148, Multan, parallel irregularities in Forms 45 have

emerged, notably affecting Taimur Malik, the PTI-backed candidate [6]. At a
particular polling station, Malik's vote tally of 767 was initially recorded.
However, upon scrutiny of the Form 45 released by the ECP, it is apparent that
this count was deceitfully amended to 67. Additionally, the number of rejected
votes has undergone a substantial alteration, escalating from a mere 13 to 713,
accounting for a staggering 62% vote rejection rate, providing further evidence
of deliberate forgery within the Form 45 documentation process.

In NA-130, Dr. Yasmeen Rashid initially led with over 99,000 votes in 343 out of
376 polling stations, but after a midnight change in the returning officer,
Nawaz Sharif surged ahead with 100,000 votes in the remaining 33 stations,
while Rashid's tally dropped to 2,500, sparking concerns about electoral
integrity.
Upon inspection, similar irregularities have surfaced in the Forms 45 released

by the ECP on March 5th [7], casting doubt on the integrity of the electoral
process. At a particular polling station, Nawaz Sharif's votes mysteriously
increased from 235 to 1235, evidently due to the addition of a "1" to the final
vote count. Additionally, in another polling station, Nawaz Sharif and Yasmin
Rashid's votes were inexplicably swapped: the original form indicated Sharif
received 179 votes while Rashid got 286, yet in the released Form 45, their
tallies were reversed, with Sharif listed at 286 votes and Rashid at 179.
Interestingly, this swap was only reflected in the number of votes found in the
ballot box section, while the total number of accepted votes section remained
unchanged, raising serious concerns about the accuracy and reliability of the
electoral documentation process.

In two additional polling stations, alarming discrepancies emerged in the

Form 45 released by the ECP on March 5th, with a suspicious addition of "1"
significantly inflating Nawaz Sharif's vote count. At one polling station, Sharif's
votes surged from 378 to 1378, while in another, his tally increased from 313 to
1313, highlighting systemic irregularities in the electoral documentation
process.

In a remarkably similar scenario, Qaisera Elahi, wife of PTI’s president, Pervez

Elahi, initially led by around 35,000 votes in NA-64, but was unexpectedly
declared the losing candidate, endowing victory to Salik Hussain, adding to
the electoral confusion.

Upon inspection of the Forms 45 released by the ECP in NA-64 [8], alarming
irregularities have been uncovered. In one instance, Qaisera Elahi's votes were
inexplicably reduced from "584" to "084", with the digit "5" evidently forged into
a "0," while her opponent, Salik Hussain, who initially received 86 votes,
inexplicably ended up with 586 votes. Similarly, at polling station 176, Elahi's
votes plummeted from "507" to "007" while Salik Rehman's votes surged from
"31" to "531." Strikingly, in both cases, exactly 500 votes were mysteriously
transferred from Elahi's tally to Salik Hussain’s, raising serious questions about
the integrity of the electoral process. The vote counts in the Forms 45 released
on March 5th, wherein figures such as "084" instead of the expected "84" and
"007" rather than "7" are presented, raises significant concerns regarding the
integrity of the electoral process. These alterations, rather than mere
oversights, appear deliberate and indicative of tampering with official
documents.

Similar instances of tampering have been identified in the Forms 45 pertaining

to NA-65 [9], further underscoring concerns regarding electoral integrity. In
one notable case, the original Form 45 from a specific polling station indicated
that the PTI-backed candidate, Wajahat Shah, had received 323 votes, while
his opponent, Naseer Sidhu, secured 56 votes. However, in the version released
by the ECP on March 5th, a complete reversal occurred: Shah's tally was
reduced to 56 votes, while Sidhu's count surged to 323 votes.

The exact same pattern of irregularities emerged in NA-57, exacerbating

concerns about the integrity of the electoral process. In a specific Form 45 [10],
the votes allocated to Seemabia Tahir, the PTI-backed candidate, were
inexplicably swapped with those of Daniyal Chaudhry from the PMLN.

In a remarkably similar scenario, when comparing the original Forms 45 to the
version uploaded by the ECP for NA-126 [11], disparities arose in the
distribution of votes. Notably, it was discovered that the votes intended for the
PTI-backed candidate, Malik Tauqeer, had been unscrupulous attributed to
the PMLN candidate.
Again, a strikingly similar pattern of irregularities came to light in NA-219,

further raising concerns regarding electoral integrity. In an original Form 45,
the PTI-backed candidate, Mustansir Billah, was recorded to have received
635 votes. However, in the version released by the ECP on March 5th [12], this
count inexplicably plummeted to "035," while the 600 votes were allocated to
the MQM candidate, Aleem Khan. The figure of "035" rather than just "35" in an
official electoral document raises serious concerns of forgery, indicating
potential manipulation of election results.

A similar pattern of irregularities has been observed in the ECP's March 5th
version of Forms 45 in NA-98 [13]. In one Form 45, the vote count for Shahbaz
Babar (PMLN) was evidently tampered with, altered from "281" to "381," albeit
solely in the total number of accepted votes section, while the total votes in
the ballot box remained at "281," highlighting glaring inconsistencies.
Moreover, in the same document, Mumtaz Ahmed's votes were also

conspicuously altered from "324" to "224". Furthermore, in another Form 45
from a different polling station, Mumtaz Ahmed's votes were revised from "521"
to "321," and his PMLN counterpart's count was adjusted from "268" to "475".
Notably, forms reveal clear instances of overwritten numbers presenting
compelling evidence of forgery.


In NA-117 as well, concerning inconsistencies surfaced in the Forms 45
released by the ECP on March 5th [14], unveiling potential instances of forgery
within the electoral documentation. Numerous discrepancies were evident
when comparing these newly released forms to the original Forms 45.
Particularly striking was the repeated occurrence of IPP candidate Aleem
Khan’s votes being augmented by 600, achieved seemingly through a simple
alteration from "1" to "7." Such systematic manipulation raises significant
doubts about the fairness and integrity of the electoral process.

In NA-232, the most glaring level of irregularities was observed [15]. Upon
comparison of original Forms 45 with the Forms 45 released by the ECP on
March 5th; across multiple polling stations, there were staggering increases in
the total votes attributed to the MQM candidate.
What was even more concerning was that, as per the March 5th version of
Forms 45 released by ECP, all other candidates in these polling stations
apparently received zero votes, implying an implausible scenario where every
voter, including polling agents from various political parties, exclusively casted
their votes for the MQM. Such flagrant anomalies not only undermined the
credibility of the electoral process but also raised serious questions about the
transparency and fairness of the elections in NA-232.


Similar anomalies between the original Forms 45 and the version uploaded by
the ECP on March 5th were evident in NA-85 as well [16]. Specifically, in one
Form 45, glaring discrepancies emerged as the vote count for the PMLN
candidate was manipulated from "395" to "995." Such deliberate alterations
raise significant concerns regarding the accuracy and integrity of the electoral
process in NA-85.

In NA-151, [17] concerning irregularities have surfaced regarding Meher Bano
Qureshi’s vote count in the Form 45 issued on February 8th and the version
uploaded by the ECP. Initially, Meher Bano was recorded to have received 608
votes, with 27 rejections. However, the latest ECP upload presents a strikingly
different tally: while Musa Gilani's vote count remains consistent at 237, Meher
Bano's votes inexplicably plummeted to 208, accompanied by a surge in
rejected votes to 400. This consistent discrepancy, showcasing
disproportionately high rejected votes attributed to Ms Qureshi raises serious
doubts about the electoral process in NA-151. With a rejection rate reaching
36%, immediate investigation is imperative to safeguard the accuracy and
fairness of the election results.

In NA-106, Toba Tek Singh, a very similar troubling pattern emerged where
discrepancies in vote counts surfaced between the original Form 45 (See
Appendix) released on February 8th and the subsequent versions released by
the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) [18]. One striking instance occurred
in a polling station where PMLN candidate Junaid Anwar's votes surged from
300 in the original form to a puzzling 699 in the ECP's version. In a similar
fashion, in another polling station, a PTI-backed candidate Khalid Nawaz
initially had 296 votes, which inexplicably plummeted to 70 in the revised form.
Notably, in this same polling station, Junaid Anwar's votes experienced another
anomaly, shifting from 180 again to 699. Furthermore, what adds to the
concern is the mismatch or complete absence of signatures from the presiding
officer on the ECP's version of the Form 45 for these specific polling stations.
These discrepancies show a clear trend of data manipulation between two
parties: the targeted PTI and another party benefiting from their actions. This
suggests a coordinated effort to remove PTI from competition and manipulate
outcomes in favor of the other party.

In NA-234, Karachi, alarming disparities surfaced between the original (See

Appendix) and the Election Commission of Pakistan's (ECP) version of Forms 45,
highlighting potential irregularities in the electoral process [19]. A glaring
example of this occurred in a specific polling station, where the original Form
45 showed PTI-backed candidate Faheem Khan with 292 votes, while his MQM
opponent had a mere 3 votes. However, the ECP's version of Form 45 presented
highly suspicious results, indicating that every single vote in that polling station
went to the MQM candidate, totaling 1475 votes, with no votes recorded for any
other candidates. This stark deviation from the original figures raises significant
doubts about the authenticity of the results, as it implies that the polling agents
of the other candidates did not cast votes for their own party's candidate, an
extremely improbable scenario. Such anomalies underscore the urgent need
for thorough scrutiny and transparency in the electoral process to uphold the
integrity of democratic principles and ensure fair and accurate elections.

In NA-54, Rawalpindi, as well, a familiar pattern of discrepancies emerged,

echoing the irregularities seen in other constituencies between the original
Forms 45 (See Appendix) and the versions released by the Election Commission
of Pakistan (ECP) [20]. Notably, in a specific polling station, the original Form 45
indicated that PTI-backed candidate Azra Masood had garnered 217 votes,
while her PMLN rival Aqeel Malik received 37 votes. However, the ECP's version of
Form 45 presented a starkly contrasting picture, with Azra Masood's votes
reduced to 39 and Aqeel Malik's votes mysteriously inflated to 315.

Similarly, in NA-28, concerning disparities emerged between the original Forms
45 (See Appendix) released on February 8th and the subsequent versions
issued by the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP), mirroring a distressing
pattern observed in other electoral districts [21]. For instance, in polling station
43, PPP's Noor Alam Khan's votes skyrocketed from 132 to an astonishing 1000
between the two versions of Form 45. Similarly, in polling station 45, Noor Alam
had initially received only 1 vote according to the original Form 45, but the ECP's
version showed a massive increase to 1241 votes. Furthermore, in polling station
53, Noor Alam's votes surged from 6 to 841 between the original and the
tampered versions of Form 45. Likewise, in polling station 54, his 83 votes
inexplicably transformed into 987 votes in the revised form.

Along similar lines, the discrepancies discovered in PK-79, where Taimur Khan
Jhagra was the PTI-backed candidate, shed light on the blatant tampering
evident in the recently released Forms 45 [23]. Upon meticulous scrutiny, it
becomes strikingly evident that alterations have been made to manipulate the
election results (See Appendix) with a consistent pattern of altering original
numbers through whitening out and overwriting raises. For instance, in polling
station 2's Form 45, Taimur Jhagra's votes were altered from "312" to "120," while
Jalal Khan's were increased from "46" to "238." A similar pattern emerged in
polling station 1, where Taimur Khan Jhagra's votes were changed from "414" to
"287," and Jalal Khan's were boosted from "273" to "400." These changes were
made by white-out and subsequent overwriting with fabricated numbers.
Furthermore, in another polling station, initial reports showed Taimur Jhagra
with 184 votes and PMLN's candidate with none, yet the revised Form 45 from
ECP displayed different figures: 82 votes for Taimur Jhagra and 102 for Jalal
Khan. Furthermore, there is a clear mismatch of signatures of presiding officers,
indicating tampering in Form 45.

Fig. PK-79 Original Form 45 vs Forged Form 45

In a similar disturbing trend, PP-287 in Dera Ghazi Khan witnessed a scenario
where the Forms 45 released by the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) [24]
were starkly different from the original Forms 45 released on February 8th (See
Appendix). One glaring example of this manipulation occurred in a polling
station where PMLN candidate Osama Laghari's votes were inexplicably inflated
from "171" to a staggering "1161."
Fig. PP-287 Original Form 45 vs Forged Form 45

In PP-42, Mandi Bahauddin as well, the same pattern of discrepancies
resurfaced as in one particular polling station, where PTI-backed candidate
Sajid Khan initially secured 712 votes, while his PMLN rival had 312 votes
according to the original Form 45 released on February 8th (See Appendix).
However, the subsequent version released by the Election Commission of
Pakistan (ECP) [25] presented entirely different numbers. Sajid Khan's votes
were inexplicably reduced from "712" to "212," seemingly achieved by visibly
apparent overwriting of the initial "7" to a "2." Similarly, Osama Laghari's votes
were inflated from "315" to "815" through very clear overwriting of the original "3"
to "8."
Fig. PP-42 Original Form 45 vs Forged Form 45
The cited irregularities serve as a mere glimpse into a broader landscape of

potential electoral malpractice, necessitating urgent and comprehensive
scrutiny across all constituencies nationwide. Preserving the integrity of the
electoral process is not only essential for the functioning of democracy but also
fundamental to upholding public trust in state institutions. Thorough
investigation into these irregularities are imperative, followed by swift
implementation of corrective measures to restore faith in the electoral system.
Failure to address these issues promptly and transparently risks undermining
the very essence of democratic governance and threatens the legitimacy of
electoral outcomes.

References
[1] Khan, I. A., Asad, M., & Dawn. (2024, February 23). ECP unsure when complete
poll forms will be published. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1816445
[2] PTI. Form 45 - Election Result Manipulation Evidence. Insaf.pk.

https://insaf.pk/news/form-45-election-result-manipulation-evidence
[3] Election Commission of Pakistan. (2024, March 5). Form 45 NA-128. Election
Commission of Pakistan. NA_128_Lahore_X.pdf
Commission of Pakistan. NA_71_Sialkot_II.pdf
Commission of Pakistan. NA_148_Multan_I.pdf
Commission of Pakistan. NA_130_Lahore_XIV.pdf
Commission of Pakistan. NA_64_Gujrat_III.pdf
Commission of Pakistan. NA_65_Gujrat_IV.pdf
Commission of Pakistan. NA_57_Rawalpindi_VI.pdf
Commission of Pakistan. NA_126_Lahore_X.pdf
Commission of Pakistan. NA_98_Faisalabad_IV.pdf
Commission of Pakistan. NA_117_Lahore_I.pdf
Commission of Pakistan. NA_85_Sargodha_IV.pdf

Commission of Pakistan. NA_151_Multan_IV.pdf
Commission of Pakistan. NA_106_T.T.Singh_II.pdf
NA-234.pdf
NA_54_Rawalpindi_III.pdf
NA-28
NA-263 Quetta-II.pdf
[23] Election Commission of Pakistan. (2024, March 6). Form 45 PK-79. Election
PK-79
[24] Election Commission of Pakistan. (2024, March 6). Form 45 PP-287. Election
PP_287_DGKhan_II.pdf
[25] Election Commission of Pakistan. (2024, March 6). Form 45 PP-42. Election
PP_42_M.B Din_III.pdf

POST-POLL MANIPULATION:
UNWARRANTED POST-POLL RECOUNTS
TARGETING PTI
In a recent statement, Rana Faraz Noon, Member of the National Assembly

(MNA) representing constituency NA-154, has raised concerns regarding the
integrity of the electoral process. He has outlined a series of events that have
led him to question the fairness of the recounting process initiated by the
Election Commission [1].
Noon asserted that despite possessing documented evidence of his victory,

including Forms 45, 47, 48, and 49, along with a notification from the Election
Commission and his registration as an MNA, he was notified of a recounting of
votes on a holiday, without being given an opportunity to defend his electoral
success. Noon’s plea for intervention from the higher courts underscores the
need for a thorough examination of the events surrounding the recounting
process.
In another alarming development, Shahnawaz Jadoon narrated the coercive

tactics he faced in yet another ploy to manipulate the electoral results [2].
Despite securing victory in Karachi, Jadoon faced pressure to abandon his
allegiance to the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) and align with either the
Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) or the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM). His
refusal to comply with these demands, resulted in delays in the issuance of his
victory notification. Subsequently, a recount was initiated, leading to a sudden
change in the announced outcome.
These events raise questions about the transparency and fairness of the
recounting procedures as well as the level of coercion and manipulation to
influence post-election results.

References
[1] PTI. (2024, February 26). Rana Faraz Noon Statement. PTI Official.
[2] PTI USA. (2024, February 28). Shahnawaz Jadoon Statement. PTI USA Official.

FABRICATED FORMS 45: ATTEMPTED
DECEPTION UNCOVERED
Recently, a video surfaced depicting a raid conducted by a journalist on a

printing press purportedly owned by a member of the Pakistan Muslim
League-Nawaz (PML-N) [1]. The journalist discovered the printing of ballot
papers for the Mansehra NA-15 constituency, a seat where former Prime
Minister Nawaz Sharif lost to a Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI)-backed
candidate. The incident again raises serious concerns about electoral integrity
and the post-poll manipulation of election results.
According to regulations, the printing of ballot papers is strictly confined to

official centers sanctioned by the government. However, the video footage
revealed ballot papers for NA-15 Mansehra being printed at an unauthorized
printing press located at Lakshmi Square, Lahore. The journalist confronted the
staff, who admitted to receiving orders to print the ballots merely a couple of
hours prior to the raid.
The verified results from Form 45s indicate that Muhammad Gustashap Khan,
the PTI-backed candidate, has already secured victory in the NA-15
constituency. Yet, the discovery of ballot papers being printed suggests
attempts to alter the election outcome and undermine the legitimate electoral
process.
In the video, the journalist narrates the unfolding events, documenting the
presence of ballot papers for both candidates, Khan and Sharif, at the printing
press. The staff's admission of receiving recent orders for printing further
corroborates suspicions of foul play.

References
[1] Siasat.pk. (2024, February 18). The revelation of the printing of the ballot
papers of Nawaz Sharif's Mansehra constituency in the private printing press of
Lahore. Siasat.pk.

TESTIMONIES FROM ELECTION OFFICIALS
On February 17, 2024, Liaquat Chattha, the Commissioner of Garrison City

Rawalpindi, delivered a shocking confession exposing the post-poll rigging in
the recent elections in Pakistan [1-6]. Chattha's admission unveiled a
systematic effort to manipulate the results of recent elections, casting doubt
on the integrity of the electoral process and implicating high-ranking officials.
His confession, marked by a sense of remorse and accountability, highlighted
the widespread irregularities that marred the electoral landscape, particularly
in Rawalpindi.
"The Form 45s are complete. There is no need for re-election. Just collect all
the Form 45s and the results will be clear. lrregularity is a small word. We
made independent candidates lose who were winning by 70,000 to 80,000. We
put false stamps to make them lose. l take full responsibility for this fraud. l
also want to say that Chief ECP and Chief Justice are also involved in this.
Since l stabbed the country in the stomach, l can't sleep peacefully and should
be punished. Everyone else involved should be punished as well."
Chattha's confession exposed a brazen scheme to alter election outcomes by

tampering with the results. He admitted to orchestrating the sabotage of
independent candidates poised for victory by falsifying vote counts and
affixing false stamps to ballots:
"We converted the losers into

winners, reversing margins of
70,000 votes in 13 national
assembly seats."
The ramifications of Chattha's confession extend far beyond Rawalpindi,

shedding light on a broader pattern of election fraud that has undermined the
democratic process nationwide. The manipulation of form-45s, a tactic
consistently employed throughout Pakistan, has cast doubt on the legitimacy
of numerous electoral outcomes. In Rawalpindi alone, out of 13 National
Assembly seats, 11 were purportedly won by the PMLN, while 15 out of 26
provincial seats in the Rawalpindi division were similarly affected.

Chattha's resignation letter prompts an urgent need for electoral reform and
accountability. His admission of guilt, along with the complicity of other
officials under his command, underscores the pervasive nature of corruption
within the electoral apparatus. Journalist Zahid Hussain, quoted in The
Guardian, aptly described Chattha's confession as irrefutable evidence of
large-scale election rigging, confirming suspicions that many had long
harbored [6].
Fig: Different News reports on Election Rigging
It must be noted that Chattha later recanted his earlier statement on electoral
rigging altogether [7]. However, Barrister Gohar in a press briefing [8] stated
that despite the fact that the Commissioner retracted his statement, likely due
to security concerns, the authenticity of Form 45s, accurately reflecting the
vote tally, remains unchanged. Gohar pointed out that while the
Commissioner didn't mention the legitimacy of Form 45s, these forms were
indeed correct, whereas Form 47s were forged.
In addition to Chattha's confession, the testimony of a presiding officer further

illuminates the pervasive corruption that marred the recent elections in
Pakistan [9].
Amidst the chaos that ensued in the aftermath of the polls, presiding officers
found themselves ensnared in a relentless campaign of intimidation and
coercion, all aimed at distorting the election results. One such officer bravely
stepped forward to recount the harrowing ordeal they endured, detailing the
incessant threats that haunted them throughout the night. They spoke of
ominous warnings of police intervention at their residence, painting a chilling
picture of the lengths to which corrupt forces were willing to go to manipulate
the electoral process.

Expressing disbelief and dismay, the officer raised fundamental questions
about the integrity of the democratic process, stating, "All night they
threatened me and said that they are sending police to my home. Is this how
an election is conducted?... They have made my life hell!" The officer's distress
was palpable as they revealed the extent to which their life had been turned
upside down, with the issuance of warrants adding to their anguish. These
poignant testimonies serve as stark reminders of the entrenched challenges
of historic rigging, vote manipulation, and bribery that continue to plague
Pakistan's electoral landscape, emphasizing the urgent imperative for reform
and accountability.
These revelations expose the pervasive corruption and manipulation that

have tainted the electoral process, casting a shadow over the legitimacy of
recent election outcomes.

References
[1] PTI USA. (2024, February 18). Confession by Liaqat Ali Chattha. PTI USA
[2] Dawn News. (2024, February 17). Rawalpindi Commissioner says poll
results 'manipulated' under his watch; ECP rejects claims. Dawn News.
[3] Yahoo News. (2024, February 17). Senior official says he helped rig Pakistan
elections. Yahoo News. https://sg.news.yahoo.com/senior-official-says-
helped-rig-104840000.html?guccounter=1
[4] X Down In Pakistan After Official Admits Election Rigging. (2024, February
18). Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/maryroeloffs/2024/02/18/users-
report-x-down-in-pakistan-after-official-admits-election-rigging/?
sh=39cce6427e39
[5] The New York Times. (2024, February 18). Pakistani Official Admits to
Helping Rig Vote. The New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/18/world/asia/pakistan-election.html
[6] Guardian. (2024, February 17). Senior Pakistan official admits election
rigging as protests grip country. The Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/17/senior-pakistan-official-
admits-election-rigging-as-protests-grip-country
[7] Khan, I. A., & Dawn News. (2024, February 23). Bureaucrat 'recants'
explosive rigging claims in letter to ECP. Dawn News.
[8] PTI USA. (2024, February 25). Barrister Gohar Ali Khan's Statement. PTI USA
Official.
[9] Subtitled By PTI. (2024, February 10). Testimony of the Presiding Officer.
Subtitled By PTI.
https://x.com/SubtitledByPTI/status/1756404161221161045

TESTIMONIALS ON ELECTION FRAUD FROM
MEMBERS OF OTHER POLITICAL PARTIES
In the aftermath of the elections, various members from different political

parties have stepped forward with testimonies shedding light on alleged
irregularities, rigging, and malpractices during the electoral process. These
testimonies, ranging from concerns over historic rigging to accusations of vote
manipulation and bribery, reflect the contentious nature of the electoral
landscape in Pakistan.
Sardar Lashkari Raisani, who contested against PTI in NA-263, highlighted

historic rigging in Balochistan and Quetta in a Press Conference and
emphasized the gravity of the situation in Balochistan and Quetta during a
press conference. He pointed out widespread protests and road closures
stemming from a lack of trust in the judicial system and parliamentary
representation, suggesting a deep-seated dissatisfaction among the
populace regarding electoral integrity [1].
Fig: Left to Right:Mahmood Khan Achakzai, Mustafa Kamal, Hafiz Naeem ur Rahman,Nawab Raisani
Mehmood Khan Achakzai, who contested against the PTI in NA-266, urged the
transfer of power to Imran Khan's PTI. His statement, "The youth turned 'their'
planning upside down. We should repent and hand over power to the PTI,"
underscores a recognition of the electoral outcome while also hinting at
potential disillusionment within other parties [2].
Testimonies from other parties, such as Jamaat-e-Islami, further add to the

proof of electoral irregularities. In a press conference, the Jamaat-e-Islami
candidate from NA-64 highlighted discrepancies in the electoral process, with
the returning officer's refusal to follow legal procedures and consolidate Form
45 in front of candidates. Additionally, a candidate from the Tehreek-e-
Labbaik Pakistan (TLP) corroborated these claims, admitting that the PTI
candidate had the highest number of votes [3].

Similarly, Mirajul Hadi Siddiqui, the candidate representing Jamaat-e-Islami in
NA-235 constituency, Karachi, voiced profound concerns regarding the
outcome of the elections [4]. He asserted that Saif-ur-Rehman, the Pakistan
Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) backed candidate, emerged as the clear victor with over
21,000 votes, as validated by the official Form 45s. However, despite this, the
victory was awarded to Iqbal Khan of the MQM party, who was trailing behind
at the fourth position. He vehemently denounced these actions as treachery
and a blatant scam:
“We (only) accept the result (given by) the public and the people’s mandate,
and we utterly reject the official (fabricated) results [results based on
fabricated Form 47] with utmost contempt. And (we endorse that) it is the
right of Saif-ur-Rehman to represent NA-235.”
Hafiz Naeem-ur-Rehman, candidate of Jamaat-e-Islami, took a principled

stance by relinquishing his seat, citing blatant manipulation of results. His
assertion that the declared winner's votes were significantly lower than
reported, coupled with discrepancies in MQM's vote count, raises concerns
about the fairness and transparency of the electoral process [5]. Hafiz
Naeem-ur-Rehman said at a press conference held by his party: "If anyone
wants to make us win in an illegitimate manner, we will not be accepting that.
Public opinion should be respected, let the winner win, let the loser lose, no one
should get anything extra... The Election Commission has shown less votes (of
winning candidate as compared to mine) but I did not win, therefore I am
giving up this seat. The [PTI backed] independent candidate Saif Bari is the
genuine winner, it’s unfair that the result was manipulated and his votes were
reported (rigged by authorities) as 11,000 instead of 31,000.”
Similarly, Sabir Hussain Awan from Jamaat-e-Islami raised accusations of

massive rigging involving the ANP candidate and the returning officer. He
alleged pre-poll rigging and manipulation of results, highlighting
discrepancies in officially declared votes and suggesting foul play in favor of
the winning candidate: “This is a travesty with the constituency, with the
nation, as well as with the people’s mandate.” Awan called for an investigation
into the conduct of the returning officer and underscored the urgency of
addressing electoral malpractices to uphold the sanctity of the democratic
process [6].

In another testimony, Khushal Khan, leader of the Pashtunkhwa National
Awami Party, acknowledged the electoral success of PTI. "We definitely have
our political differences," he stated, "but the truth is, PTI has won majority
seats." Khan highlighted the irregularities and injustices during the electoral
process and asserted that despite the fact that the current regime stole PTI's
electoral symbol, threatened their candidates, and unfairly rejected the
nomination papers of their candidates, and even with pre-poll and post-poll
rigging, the regime failed to secure a majority, underscoring the strength of
PTI's electoral performance [7].
Apart from that, in a recently leaked audio, Mustafa Kamal is seen narrating
that the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PMLN) conveyed that the Pakistan
Peoples Party (PPP) asserted the electoral mandate of other political parties is
only 50-60%. Whereas, the mandate of the Muttahida Qaumi Movement
(MQM) is 100% fake. "PMLN has told us that in the joint meeting of PMLN and
PPP, People's Party said that the mandate of other parties is 50-60 percent
fake and that the mandate of MQM is 100% fake", he said [8]. These allegations,
if true, raise serious questions about the legitimacy of electoral mandates and
highlight concerns about the integrity of the democratic process in Pakistan.
In yet another audio leak [9], Kamran Tessori candidly stated that their own
electoral victory was built upon forgery and brazenly acknowledges the
manipulation of votes. "We explained to them that our mandate is 100% fake,
so yours [MQM] is 200% fake. We got seats the next day by mixing the votes of
the day and night, just like others got the mandate."
Even several members of the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) have

acknowledged instances of election rigging. In a recent interview, former prime
minister, Shahid Khaqan Abbasi shed light on the sentiments echoing through
the aftermath of the February 8 election, "The winners are ashamed, they don't
consider themselves worthy to receive congratulations… People are saying we
voted for someone else, someone else won" [10]. In a separate interview, Javed
Latif, also admitted that his party was given the government on February 9 by
forging the election results [11]. Additionally, PMLN member Nisar Cheema
stated, "I was offered a win, but I declined. The slogan of the party is to respect
the vote, so how can a false mandate be taken?" [12].

References
[1] PTI Canada. (2024, February 10). Testimony of Sardar Lashkari Raisani. PTI
Canada Official. https://x.com/PTIOfficialCA/status/1756433327483924714
[2] Naya Pakistan. (2024, February 11). Testimony of Mehmood Achakzai. Naya
Pakistan. https://x.com/Naya__Pakistan_/status/1756627534605644169
[3] PTI Canada. (2024, February 15). Testimony of Jamaat-e-Islami candidate

from NA-64. PTI Canada Official.
https://x.com/PTIOfficialCA/status/1758299873261101213
[4] ABC Urdu News. (2024, February 12). Testimony of Miraj Hadi Siddiqui. ABC
Urdu News. https://twitter.com/ABCNewsUrdu/status/1756966721993183422
[5] BBC News. (2024, February 15). Pakistan Election: Politician gives up seat he
says was rigged for his win. BBC News (World).
https://twitter.com/BBCWorld/status/1758019724946931939
[6] Subtitled By PTI. (2024, February 12). Testimony of Sabir Hussain Awan.
Subtitled By PTI.
https://twitter.com/SubtitledByPTI/status/1757217358798582182
[7] Subtitled By PTI. (2024, February 15). Testimony of Khushal Khan. Subtitled By
PTI. https://x.com/SubtitledByPTI/status/1758201242256331083
[8] Siasat.pk. (2024, February 27). Leaked Audio of Mustafa Kamal. Siasat.pk.
[9] Siasat.pk. (2024, February 28). Kamran Tessori's Audio Leak. Siasat.pk.
[10] Siasat.pk. (2024, February 25). Shahid Khaqan Abbasi Statement. Siasat.pk.
[11] PTI. (2024, February 25). Javed Latif's Statement. PTI Official.
[12] Siasat.pk. (2024, February 28). Nisar Cheema Statement. Siasat.pk.


REJECTION OF RESERVED SEATS:
BLATANT ELECTORAL INJUSTICE
In yet another episode of post-poll manipulation in Pakistan, the Election
Commission of Pakistan (ECP) issued a verdict regarding the allocation of
reserved seats, impacting the representation of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
(PTI) in the National Assembly. The ECP rejected a petition from the Sunni
Ittehad Council (SIC), with whom the PTI has formed an alliance post
elections, having lost their electoral symbol and consequently the party
status due to the controversial decision to deprive them of their political
rights safeguarded by the constitution, for seats in the National Assembly
reserved for women and minorities. This decision by the Election Commission
of Pakistan (ECP) regarding the allocation of reserved seats regarding the
representation of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) in the National Assembly
has once again raised questions about the integrity of the electoral process
and the objectivity of the ECP.
Earlier, on February 20th, 2024, PTI announced its alliance with the Sunni
Ittehad Council, aiming to secure its share of reserved seats in the National
Assembly, as well as in the provincial assemblies of Punjab and Khyber-
Pakhtunkhwa. Due to the absence of an allotted electoral symbol, PTI backed
independent candidates sought affiliation with other parties to assert their
claim to these seats [1].
Barrister Gohar Ali Khan underscored the legal requirement for independent
candidates to align with a party within three days of notification issuance.
Accordingly, PTI backed candidates joined the SIC, with a signed agreement
between the two parties aimed at securing PTI's reserved seats. The
subsequent application to the Election Commission was expected to demand
the allocation of PTI's rightful share, ensuring the party's effective
participation in the democratic process [2].
However, in yet another episode of contentious post-poll rigging,, the Election

Commission of Pakistan (ECP) outright rejected PTI backed Sunni Ittehad
Council’s (SIC) petition seeking the allocation of reserved seats in the
national and provincial assemblies [3]. The ECP formed a 5 member bench
which was presided over by the Chief Election Commissioner, Sikandar Sultan
Raja. This bench gave a 4-1 decision, declaring that the SIC, and hence PTI,
were not entitled to any of the reserved seats in the National Assembly [4].

Reacting sharply to the ECP's decision, PTI’s counsel, Barrister Ali Zafar,
condemned the move as a betrayal of democracy. Zafar vehemently argued
that the ECP's decision was a clear violation of the Constitution, emphasizing
the repercussions it would have on future electoral processes [5]. Pointing to
the constitutional provisions, Zafar highlighted Section 6(D) of Article 51,
which mandates the allocation of reserved seats to political parties based on
their success ratio.
Members to the seats reserved for women which are allocated to a

Province under clause (3) shall be elected in accordance with law
through proportional representation system of political parties' lists of
candidates on the basis of total number of general seats secured by
each political party from the Province concerned in the National
Assembly:
Provided that for the purpose of this sub-clause the total number of
general seats won by a political party shall include the independent
returned candidate or candidates who may duly join such political
party within three days of the publication in the official Gazette of the
names of the returned candidates;
He also pointed out that according to the Constitution, when independent

candidates join a political party, the party becomes entitled to reserved
seats. In this case, PTI-backed independent candidates had joined the SIC,
thus making PTI eligible for the reserved seats [6-7]. Barrister Ali Zafar called
for action against the Chief Election Commissioner under Article 6 of the
Constitution and demanded the resignation of the Election Commission.
The decision by the ECP to deny PTI seats reserved for women and minorities
in the National Assembly has prompted PTI to take the matter to the Supreme
Court of Pakistan [7].
The ECP's decision to deny PTI its rightful representation in the National
Assembly stands as another glaring example of post-poll manipulation.

References
[1] Dawn. (2024, February 22). PTI-backed independents join Sunni Ittehad
Council - Pakistan - DAWN.COM. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1816169
[2] Business Recorder. (2024, February 20). PTI-backed candidates to join Sunni
Ittehad Council. Business Recorder.
https://www.brecorder.com/news/40289709/pti-backed-candidates-to-join-
sunni-ittehad-council
[3] Pakistan Today. (2024, March 5). Pakistan Today.

https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2024/03/05/ecp-allocates-reserved-
seats-claimed-by-sic-to-other-parties/
[4] Dunya News. (2024, March 5). No reserved seats for SIC, rules ECP. Dunya
News. https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/795893-SIC-can%E2%80%99t-be-
allotted-reserved-seats,-rules-ECP
[5] Business Recorder. (2024, March 4). ECP decides against allocating
reserved seats to Sunni Ittehad Council. Business Recorder.
https://www.brecorder.com/news/40291914/ecp-decides-against-allocating-
reserved-seats-to-sunni-ittehad-council
[6] PTI Canada. (2024, March 4). Barrister Ali Zafar Statement. PTI Canada
[7] Business Recorder. (2024, March 5). Reserved seats: PTI decides to
challenge ECP’s verdict in SC. Business Recorder.

FORM 45 DATA ANALYSIS AND PTI
PETITIONS AGAINST ELECTION RESULTS
The 2024 general elections in Pakistan have ignited widespread concerns

about the transparency of the electoral process. A report from the Free and
Fair Election Network (FAFEN) highlights irregularities observed after the
conclusion of the polling process, especially regarding the distribution of
Form 45 among candidates. The subsequent delay in announcing preliminary
results has amplified skepticism regarding the election's credibility [1].
Compelling evidence suggests massive result manipulation during the

aggregation of verified polling station results, with original Form 45 copies
consistently showing PTI candidates winning by substantial margins. These
trends indicate widespread manipulation nationwide by the state machinery,
potentially aimed at diminishing PTI's seat count and strengthening Pakistan
Muslim League (N)’s position. PTI-affiliated candidates, who were declared
losers despite winning according to the original Form 45, have contested
these outcomes in court, actively pursuing legal recourse. [2]
The subsequent sections present a data analysis conducted by the Pakistan

Tehreek-e-Insaf Election Management and Monitoring Cell [3], revealing
compelling evidence of how a decisive majority has been manipulated into a
mere one, favoring other parties to potentially form a government through an
alliance.

Party Position in National Assembly as per Form 47
Figure. Party Position in National Assembly as per Form 47
Below is the detailed scrutiny of 90 National Assembly constituencies,

conducted based on original Forms 45 received by PTI candidates [4].
Figure. Analysis of 91 National Assembly constituencies, conducted based on original Forms 45
PTI’s Position in National Assembly

Out of the 266 seats in the National Assembly, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf has
158 seats, with original Form-45 data analyzed from 60% to 100%.
With a winning proportion established at 59% and below, based on original

Form 45, PTI has a total of 173 National Assembly seats, just four seats less
than two-thirds majority of 177.

The petitions filed before Election Tribunals include a list of 73 NA PTI
candidates supported by Form-45 evidence. These constituencies have
prosecutable evidence supported by Form-45 and if the Tribunals dispense
decisions within the stipulated period of 180 days, the National Assembly
position will shift to 94+72=166 seats, exceeding the simple majority threshold
of 133.
Figure. Status of PTI Petitions for National Assembly Seats

PTI’s Position in Punjab Assembly
A total of 43 Punjab Assembly seats were analyzed, each with a
corresponding percentage of Form-45 given in the table below.
Figure. PTI Position in Punjab Assembly as per Form 45 Analysis
Based on the preliminary data analysis, PTI won 108 out of 297 seats in the
Punjab Assembly. Including the 43 stolen seats as per Form-45, the total
strength increases to 151 (108+43), exceeding the simple majority of 149
required to form the Government in Punjab. [5]
Status of PTI Petitions in Punjab
All 43 PTI candidates listed below have filed petitions with the Election
Tribunals, based on original Form-45. With a clear majority, PTI stands poised
to form the government in Punjab, if decisions are dispensed on merit based
on the original Forms 45 vote count.
Figure. Status of PTI Petitions for Punjab Assembly Seats

PTI Position in Sindh Assembly
As per the ECP's Form-47, PTI currently holds nine seats in the Sindh Assembly.
The original Form-45 records for PTI with percentages ranging from 85% to
100%, show that PTI holds a total of 26 seats in Sindh. However, recounting
resulted in the loss of PS-115, while PS-64 has 57% of the total Forms 45. In
total, PTI has claimed 35 seats (9 + 26) out of the 130 total PS seats as per the
original Form-45.
Status of PTI Petitions in Sindh
A total of 24 petitions have been filed by PTI Sindh candidates before the
Election Tribunals.

Figure. Status of Petitions for Sindh Assembly Seats
Figure . Recounting done on Sindh Assembly Seats
Total Petitions Filed by PTI
Figure. Total Petitions filed by PTI against election results.

Constituencies where PTI Won Provincial Seats but Lost National Assembly Seat
The table below presents an anomalous pattern of results, which supports
PTI's allegations of rigging. Typically, voters do not exhibit a contradictory
mindset, where they vote for one party in provincial elections and then favor a
different party in National Assembly contests.
Figure. Constituencies where PTI Won Provincial Seats but Lost National Assembly Seat
Constituencies Where PTI Lost Provisional but Won National Assembly Seat
The prevailing trend further suggests evidence of rigging, particularly with the
manipulation of Form-47 for provincial constituencies by those seeking to
influence the outcome.
Figure. Constituencies Where PTI Lost Provisional but Won National Assembly Seat

Winning Margin Vs Rejected Votes
In numerous constituencies, the winning margin closely aligns with the

number of rejected votes, indicating a potential discrepancy warranting
further investigation.
Figure. Winning Margin Vs Rejected Votes

References
[1] FAFEN Raises Question Marks On Transparency Of Results Tabulation

Process At RO Offices
[1] https://thefridaytimes.com/11-Feb-2024/fafen-raises-question-marks-
on-transparency-of-results-tabulation-process-at-ro-offices
[2] Courts flooded with challenges as PTI-backed hopefuls assail ‘rigging’

[3] Election Analysis and Management Cell

https://insaf.pk/notification/election-analysis-and-management-cell
[4] Data Analysis of National Assembly Seats

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qcRxy3UsWPoUsPr6dPu1spIt5hcz2OQ4/view?
usp=drive_link
[5] Punjab Assembly Summary for constituencies in lead- above 50% Form
45
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Q5r9cCOVTzTqXzfi1BVA-TbJIHjdnxfX/view?
usp=drive_link

ELECTORAL RIGGING IN BY-POLLS
The by-polls held on April 21, 2024, for 21 national and provincial seats were
once again tainted by record rigging. The Election Commission of Pakistan
(ECP) oversaw these elections, which included five vacant seats of the
National Assembly, twelve seats of the Punjab Assembly, and two each of the
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan legislatures. Additionally, re-polling
was conducted in all constituencies of Balochistan’s PB-50 (Qila Abdullah).
However, the electoral process was once again marred by the announcement
from the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) that "cellular services
will be temporarily suspended in specific districts of Punjab and Balochistan
during the by-elections" on April 21 and April 22. This suspension of mobile
networks, supposedly for security reasons, has become a recurring feature in
electoral processes, raising doubts about the transparency and integrity of
the elections [1]. The Human Rights Council of Pakistan expressed concern
over this decision [2]:
The Human Rights Council of Pakistan has expressed concern

over the decision to shut down mobile phone and internet
phone services in constituencies holding by-elections
tomorrow. In democratic countries of the world, internet
services are not shut down during general elections. Shutting
down mobile services during elections in Pakistan is a violation
of fundamental rights.Right to information is the fundamental
right of citizens, no state can deprive citizens of this right.
It must be noted that access to the social media platform X has been
disrupted since February 17, 2024 following revelations of rigging made by the
former Rawalpindi commissioner against the chief election commissioner
and chief justice of Pakistan. This suppression of digital communication
platforms adds to concerns about attempts to suppress dissent and
manipulate public discourse surrounding the electoral process [1].

The by-elections have also been fraught by deeply concerning reports of
blatant interference and widespread rigging, painting a grim picture of the
democratic process in the country. These reports of electoral malpractice
ranged from the use of fabricated (pre-stamped) ballots to counterfeit
voting, pre-signed Forms 45, and even the abduction of media
representatives.
On the eve of the by-polls, the returning officer (RO) of NA-08 Bajaur faced
coercion and assault aimed at manipulating the polling staff for the 2024 by-
elections [3]. ISI officials pressured the RO, resulting in a disturbing attack on
election staff in Bajaur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Despite the RO's
steadfast refusal to yield to the pressure, plain-clothed individuals proceeded
to assault district education officer Hazrat Ullah. Election officials promptly
submitted a detailed report, urging appropriate actions against the
implicated ISI officials. The subsequent closure of district administration
offices in protest further underscored the urgent need for legal intervention to
ensure the fair conduct of elections and uphold democratic principles.
Fig. A man casts his vote as a soldier stands guard at a polling station during the general
elections.

Fig. Letter from Returning Officer, NA-08, Bajaur, detailing pressure tactics by ISI officials to
change the polling staff in the by-polls
Additionally, reports have emerged revealing the pervasive nature of threats

targeting not only election staff but also candidates themselves. PTI-backed
candidate Shahzad Farooq from NA-119 recently disclosed the alarming
threats he received aimed at coercing his withdrawal from the elections [4].
He revealed menacing messages that ominously warned of dire
consequences, stating, "Your generations will be wiped off… Your children will
also be left to waste away." Such explicit threats highlight the extreme
measures employed to manipulate electoral outcomes and intimidate
candidates into submission.

The by-election in Gujarat's PP-32 also brought to light the glaring issue of
electoral rigging and misconduct, showcasing the Election Commission of
Pakistan's (ECP) failure to ensure free and fair elections. Shocking reports,
backed by evidence and video footage, have exposed numerous instances of
malpractice during the voting process. In one disturbing development, a
video surfaced [5-6] wherein a presiding officer confessed to an alarming
breach of electoral integrity, stating, "Unknown men came here and dropped
off stuffed, sealed ballot boxes containing almost thousand votes."
Furthermore, damning video leaks that have surfaced, depict egregious acts
of electoral fraud committed under the guise of democratic participation [7-
8]. In one instance, a presiding officer was caught red-handed forging ballot
papers and clandestinely stuffing them into ballot boxes, blatantly
disregarding the sanctity of the voting process [9]. Additionally, another
video revealed that men were shamelessly casting votes on entire vote slips
at a women's polling station, illustrating the brazen disregard for electoral
regulations and principles [10]. Moreover, reports emerged of police
intervention at the Gurali polling station in Gujarat, where law enforcement
officers reportedly facilitated counterfeit voting under their watchful eye,
further exacerbating concerns over the impartiality and fairness of the
electoral proceedings [11]. In yet another shocking revelation, ballot boxes
were observed being transported openly on the back of a motorcycle,
highlighting the blatant disregard for electoral security and transparency in
Gujarat's by-election [12].
The Jamaat-e-Islami candidate for PP-36 also raised alarming allegations

concerning the electoral process in PP-32, decrying what they describe as the
worst instance of rigging witnessed under police supervision. According to his
statement, bogus votes were cast without recording any voter's identity card
number, indicating a systematic effort to manipulate the election outcome.
Moreover, ballot papers were reportedly distributed arbitrarily, even in the
absence of legitimate voters, all under the purported supervision of law
enforcement authorities [13]. In addition to that, a journalist was also arrested
simply for conducting an interview with a presiding officer and reporting on
the alarming issue of ballot stuffing in Gujrat [14]. These shocking revelations
cast a dark shadow over the credibility of the by-election in Gujarat's PP-32,
raising serious concerns about the extent of electoral manipulation and the
integrity of the voting process.

The electoral landscape in PP-36 Wazirabad has also been similarly marred
by blatant rigging and intimidation tactics, as revealed by PTI leader Ahmed
Chattha during his speech in the national assembly [15]. Chattha recounted
disturbing incidents of police brutality and coercion during the Wazirabad
election, including the sealing of his own house and the physical assault of
women polling agents by Punjab police forces. Shockingly, he alleged that
7,500 policemen were deployed in a provincial seat, raising questions about
the disproportionate use of state resources for electoral manipulation.
Chattha further asserted that despite such measures, fraudulent activities
persisted, with an astronomical number of fake votes allegedly cast under the
guise of democracy, particularly by supporters of Pakistan Muslim League
Nawaz (PMLN).
In addition to Chattha's testimony, damning video evidence emerged,

shedding light on the extent of electoral malpractice in PP-36. Footage
revealed instances where polling agents and election officials were forcibly
prevented from fulfilling their duties, while ballot boxes were illicitly stuffed
with fraudulent ballots [16]. Particularly alarming was the discovery of
stamped ballot papers concealed in the pockets of a presiding officer,
casting doubt on the integrity of the electoral process [17]. Another disturbing
video footage further corroborates the pervasive nature of electoral
misconduct in Wazirabad PP-36. The footage captures scenes from the Alipur
Chattha polling station, revealing additional instances of irregularities and
potential fraud [18].
Moreover, reports surfaced indicating a significant disparity between the

number of votes cast and those counted at a polling station in Kot Proya,
raising suspicions of systematic ballot tampering. The attempts of PTI polling
agents to challenge these irregularities were met with further suppression, as
they were unjustly arrested, and the ballot boxes were whisked away to the
RO office without proper scrutiny [19]. Such incidents underscore the urgent
need for impartial investigations and reforms to safeguard the democratic
rights of citizens in Wazirabad and beyond.
Furthermore, similar video footage from various other constituencies have

emerged, shedding further light on the extent of electoral malpractice in the
by-elections. In these videos, polling agents confessed that they were
coerced into signing blank Form 45 documents in advance of the voting
process, indicating a premeditated attempt to manipulate the election
results [20]. Additionally, disturbing revelations have emerged showing that
votes were unlawfully cast on voting slips beforehand, raising serious
questions about the integrity of the electoral process [21]. Moreover,
additional videos have surfaced depicting individuals blatantly casting
counterfeit votes at polling stations, underscoring the systematic nature of
widespread electoral fraud [22].

Additionally, multiple reports have surfaced indicating that candidates,
particularly those affiliated with PTI, were systematically denied entry into
polling stations to oversee the crucial vote counting process [23-25]. PTI’s
candidates and their agents have been unlawfully barred from participating
in the Form 47 process, which is essential for ensuring the transparency and
accuracy of election results. This deliberate exclusion not only violates the
candidates' fundamental rights but also undermines the credibility of the
entire electoral exercise. These events underscore the challenges and
tensions inherent in the current electoral process, raising questions about
transparency and fairness in the democratic system.
Even the cursory examination reveals that the recent by-elections were
fraught by widespread rigging, underscoring the blatant theft of the people's
mandate. This observation is reinforced by both media reports and
independent election observers, who have documented numerous instances
of electoral malpractice. From fraudulent voting to irregularities in the polling
process, the integrity of the electoral outcome has been called into question,
highlighting a disconcerting pattern of manipulation and subversion of
democratic principles.
In a statement following by-polls, senior journalist Hamid Mir stated [26]:
Even on February 8, the role of the police was controversial.

Today, the role of the police is also controversial in the by-
elections. Particularly in Gujarat, there have been reports of
blatant counterfeit voting throughout.
Sarwar Bari, the Former Head of FAFEN and Chief of Pattan, delivered a
scathing rebuke, sarcastically awarding Pakistan's establishment, and the
Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) with a metaphorical gold medal for
their mastery in rigging elections. Bari denounced their tactics as those of "Evil
Geniuses," highlighting their seemingly boundless capacity to innovate new
methods of electoral manipulation. He went as far as to suggest that their
proficiency in rigging elections should earn them a place in the Guinness
Book of Records. Bari criticized the establishment of coercing polling agents
into signing Form 45 before the commencement of polling in the by-elections,
further casting doubt on the integrity of the electoral process [27]. In another
interview, Sarwar Bari asserted that the level of rigging witnessed during the
by-elections was unprecedented, with Form 45 being pre-signed. He
highlighted a significant disparity between the reported polling results and
the findings of their organization's exit polls [28].

Additionally, Pattan, an independent election observer in Pakistan, released a
comprehensive press statement outlining their findings from the 2024 by-
elections [29]. In their report, they highlighted several critical observations
that shed light on the integrity of the electoral process. The key takeaways
from the report are as follows:
Numerous complaints of ballot stuffing and instances of signing

blank Form 45s were reported.
Exit polls conducted on April 21 revealed no significant shift in the
popularity of PTI.
Changes in polling stations occurred, and some stations lacked
appointed polling agents.
Approximately 10% of respondents claimed they were pressured to
vote against their free will.
About 12% of respondents suspected rigging attempts at polling
stations.
Pattan interviewed roughly every fifth voter in each by-election
constituency.
PTI/SIC garnered approximately 40% of the vote, whereas PMLN only
secured about 25% of the vote.

Fig. Press Release by Pattan-Coalition38 on By-Elections April 2024

In addition to that, the Human Rights Council of Pakistan deemed the by-
elections non-transparent due to widespread irregularities and delayed
polling [30].
The Human Rights Council of Pakistan considers yesterday's by-

elections to be non-transparent. The way several fake vote
rigging videos have surfaced. The polling process started late in
some places. In the light of all these circumstances and events,
yesterday's by-elections were generally non-transparent and
once again the people's mandate has been changed. - HRCP
In conclusion, the by-elections in Pakistan have once again brought to the

forefront the enduring challenges facing the electoral process. From
allegations of widespread rigging and coercive tactics to the absence of
proper oversight and transparency, these elections have underscored the
urgent need for comprehensive reforms. The reports from independent
observers like Pattan shed light on the systemic issues that continue to
undermine the integrity of the electoral process. Moving forward, it is
imperative for authorities to address these concerns and take concrete steps
to restore public trust in the electoral system.

References
[1] Dawn. (2024, April 22). PTA announces suspension of mobile services in
several districts for two days. Dawn.https://www.dawn.com/news/1828770
[2] Human Rights Council of Pakistan. (2024, April 20). The Human Rights Council
of Pakistan has expressed concern over the decision to shut down mobile
phone and internet phone services in constituencies holding by-elections
tomorrow.https://twitter.com/HRCPakistan/status/1781731851746292210
[3] The News. (2024, April 19). NA-8 Bajaur RO allegedly pressurized. The News.
https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1180351-na-8-bajaur-ro-allegedly-
pressurised
[4] SubtitledByPTI. (2024, April 24). The exact words which Shahzad Farooq
received "Your generations will be wiped off...Your children will also be left to
waste away.". Twitter.
[5] Siasatpk. (2024, April 23). “Gujarat by-election, one person came and left
after casting 8-9 hundred votes, admits the presiding officer”. Twitter.
[6] PTI Official USA. (2024, April 23). "Unknown men came here and dropped off
stuffed, sealed ballot boxes containing almost three thousand votes." -Presiding
officer in PP-32. Twitter.
[7] PTI Official Canada. (2024, April, 21). On ground reports, evidence and video
proof has once again exposed the unelected alliances’ failure to hold free and
fair elections. Twitter.
[8] PTI Official. (2024, April, 21). Polling station has been closed so further ballot
boxes can be stuffed. https://twitter.com/PTIofficial/status/1781936134823591962
[9] SubtitledByPTI. (2024, April, 23). A Presiding Officer in Gujrat was caught
forging ballot papers.
[10] PTI Official. (2024, April, 21). Votes were cast in a women's polling station in
Gujarat. https://twitter.com/PTIofficial/status/1782151617808085234

[11] Siasatpk. (2024, April, 21). Police stormed into Gurali polling station in Gujarat.
[12] Naya Pakistan. (2024, April, 21). Voter boxes are being carried around in
Gujarat. https://twitter.com/Naya__Pakistan_/status/1782037076113838271
[13] PTI Official. (2024, April, 21). Statement of Jamaat-e-Islami Candidate in PP-
32. https://twitter.com/PTIofficial/status/1782054752026583311
[14] PTI Official. (2024, April, 21). The Journalist has been arrested just because he
did the interview of presiding officer and reported ballot stuffing in Gujrat.
[15] PTI Official Canada. (2024, April, 24). Ahmed Chattha speech in National
Assembly. https://twitter.com/PTIOfficialCA/status/1783337105420149015
[16] PTI Official USA. (2024, April, 21). Polling agents and, in some cases, even
election officials have been forcibly kept out and ballot boxes stuffed.
[17] PTI Official USA. (2024, April, 21). PP-36 in Wazirabad, stamped ballot papers
for the regime backed candidate were recovered from the pockets of the
presiding officer.
[18] PTI Official. (2024, April, 21). Wazirabad PP-36 rigging at Alipur Chattha
polling station. https://twitter.com/PTIofficial/status/1782098534122094608
[19] PTI Official Canada. (2024, April, 21). Rigging in Wazirabad Exposed.
[20] SubtitledByPTI. (2024, April, 22). Blank Forms 45, used for recording the vote
count after polling closes, were signed by election officials to facilitate election
fraud. https://x.com/SubtitledByPTI/status/1782351360895103196
[21] PTI Official. (2024, April, 21). Blatant Counterfeit Voting.

[22] PTI Official USA. (2024, April, 21). Blatant Counterfeit Voting.
[23] PTI Official Canada. (2024, April, 23). Candidate from PP-149 was not
allowed to go inside the polling station.

[24] PTI Official Canada. (2024, April, 21). PTI’s candidates and their agents are
forcibly and illegally excluded from observing the Form 47 process.
[25] PTI Official USA. (2024, April, 21). Senior PTI leadership, including the
Chairman and Secretary General, are outside the Returning Officer's office in
Gujarat, together with a large number of party workers.
[26] PTI Official. (2024, April, 21). Hamid Mir’s Statement on By-Polls.
[27] Siasatpk. (2024, April, 21). Sarwar Bari’s Statement on Electoral Rigging in By-
Polls. https://twitter.com/siasatpk/status/1782024647577424339
[28] Siasatpk. (2024, April, 23). Sarwar Bari’s Statement on Electoral Rigging in
By-Polls. https://twitter.com/siasatpk/status/1782740161073168782
[29] PTI Official USA. (2024, April, 23). Press Release by Pattan-Coalition 38 on
By-Polls https://twitter.com/PTIOfficialUSA/status/1782814289465602270
[30] Human Rights Council of Pakistan. (2024, April 22). HRCP’s Statement on By-
Polls. https://twitter.com/HRCPakistan/status/1782376113345319079

INTERNATIONAL CRITICISM AND CALLS
FOR INDEPENDENT ELECTION INQUIRY
The election process in Pakistan has come under

intense scrutiny from international observers, with
concerns raised about irregularities and
allegations of interference. The United States,
Britain, and the European Union have all
expressed apprehensions regarding the fairness
of the elections and have called for thorough
investigations into reported misconduct [1].
According to statements issued separately by the U.S. State Department, the

EU, and Britain, there are significant reservations about the electoral process
in Pakistan. The U.S. and the EU have both highlighted instances of alleged
interference, including the arrest of activists, and emphasized the need for a
comprehensive inquiry into claims of irregularities, interference, and fraud.
The EU's statement pointed out a "lack of a level playing field," attributing it to
various factors such as restrictions on political actors to contest elections and
limitations on fundamental freedoms like assembly, expression, and internet
access:
“We regret the lack of a level playing field due to the inability of some political
actors to contest the elections, restrictions to freedom of assembly, freedom
of expression both online and offline, restrictions of access to the internet, as
well as allegations of severe interference in the electoral process, including
arrests of political activists. We therefore call upon the relevant authorities to
ensure a timely and full investigation of all reported election irregularities.”
[2].
David Cameron, the Foreign Secretary and former Prime Minister of the UK,
also expressed serious concerns about the fairness and inclusivity of the
elections, further emphasizing the need for transparency and accountability
in Pakistan's electoral system.

“We regret that not all parties were formally permitted to contest the elections
and that legal processes were used to prevent some political leaders from
participation, and to prevent the use of recognisable party symbols. We also
note the restrictions imposed on internet access on polling day, significant
delays to the reporting of results and claims of irregularities in the counting
process.” [3].
Similarly, the U.S. State Department noted "undue restrictions" on freedom of

expression and assembly, alongside incidents of violence and attacks on
media personnel during the electoral process [4]:
“We join credible international and local election observers in their

assessment that these elections included undue restrictions on freedoms of
expression, association, and peaceful assembly. We condemn electoral
violence, restrictions on the exercise of human rights and fundamental
freedoms, including attacks on media workers, and restrictions on access to
the internet and telecommunication services, and are concerned about
allegations of interference in the electoral process. Claims of interference or
fraud should be fully investigated.”
Democratic U.S. Representatives Ro Khanna and Ilhan Omar echoed these

concerns, with Khanna specifically accusing the military of interfering and
rigging the election results. Both lawmakers urged the U.S. State Department
to withhold recognition of any winner until thorough investigations are
conducted into the alleged misconduct.
In a joint statement, CPC Chair Pramila Jayapal and Peace and Security Task
Force Chair Barbara Lee echoed the call from the State Department for
accountability regarding attempts to obstruct elections. They emphasized on
the special responsibility to align future security cooperation with a
government that truly reflects the will and democratic consent of the Pakistani
people [5]:
“We join the State Department in calling for accountability around efforts to
impede the elections. Given the history of U.S. support for Pakistan's
government and security forces, we have a special responsibility to ensure
that, going forward, our security cooperation is with a government that
represents the will and democratic consent of the Pakistani people.”

Later, over 30 Members of US Congress have voiced their concerns regarding
the recent elections in Pakistan, citing compelling evidence of both pre- and
post-poll rigging. In a unified statement, they urge caution in recognizing a
new Pakistani government until a comprehensive, transparent, and credible
investigation into these allegations has been conducted. They emphasize that
failing to undertake such an investigation could potentially undermine the
democratic mandate and the will of the Pakistani people, urging for
adherence to democratic principles and the safeguarding of electoral
integrity [6].
Michael Kugelman, director of the South Asia Institute at the Wilson Center
think tank, criticized the relatively mild nature of the statements from the EU
and the U.S. State Department, considering the scale of rigging that
reportedloccurred during the elections [7].
Earlier, the UN human rights office had denounced violence against political
parties and candidates in Pakistan, expressing alarm over a pattern of
harassment, arrests, and prolonged detentions targeting leaders and
supporters of certain political factions [8].
In response to these concerns, the EU, the U.S., and Britain have all refrained
from congratulating any candidate or party, indicating a lack of confidence in
the fairness and inclusivity of the electoral process in Pakistan.
The collective stance of these international observers highlights the gravity of

the situation and underscores the importance of addressing electoral
irregularities to uphold democratic principles and ensure the credibility of
future elections in Pakistan.

References
[1] Al Jazeera. (2024, February 9). 'Serious concerns': World reacts to Pakistan
polls as vote count continues. Al Jazeera.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/9/serious-concerns-world-reacts-to-
pakistan-polls-as-vote-count-continues
[2] European Council. (2024, February 9). Pakistan: Statement by the High
Representative on behalf of the European Union on the general elections.
European Council. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-
releases/2024/02/09/pakistan-statement-by-the-high-representative-on-
behalf-of-the-european-union-on-the-general-elections/?s=08
[3] GOV.UK. (2024, February 9). Pakistan elections 2024: Foreign Secretary's
statement. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/foreign-secretary-
statement-pakistan-elections
[4] U.S. State Department. (2024, February 9). Elections in Pakistan - United
States Department of State. U.S. State Department.
https://www.state.gov/elections-in-pakistan/
[5] Progressive Caucus. (2024, February 14). Statement from CPC Chair
@RepJayapal and Peace & Security Task Force Chair @RepBarbaraLee.
Progressive Caucus.
https://x.com/USProgressives/status/1757838338709426505
[6] Just Foreign Policy. (2024, February 28). US Congress Members Call for
Investigation into Pakistani Election Rigging. Just Foreign Policy.
https://x.com/justfp/status/1762981231929757818
[7] Reuters. (2024, February 9). US, UK and EU urge probe into Pakistan election,
express concerns. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/us-uk-eu-urge-
probe-into-pakistan-election-express-concerns-2024-02-09/
[8] Global News. (2024, February 9). Pakistan elections: U.S., Europe urge probe
into alleged interference, violence - National | Globalnews.ca. Global News.
https://globalnews.ca/news/10286312/pakistan-election-vote-restrictions-
violence/

INDEPENDENT OBSERVERS, MEDIA
ON ELECTIONS IN PAKISTAN
The general elections in Pakistan have sparked a flurry of concerns regarding
transparency, fairness, and the integrity of the electoral process. Reports from
various observer groups, media outlets, and civil society organizations have
shed light on a range of issues, from widespread mobile service blackouts,
restrictions on observers to a long list of irregularities in the tabulation of
results.
Just prior to the elections in Pakistan, Time Magazine published an article

asserting that the electoral process in the country was being brazenly rigged
[1]. However, Time was not the only media outlet reporting on electoral rigging
in Pakistan.
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFEL) highlighted a lack of a level playing

field in its report, emphasizing how candidates from Imran Khan's party were
compelled to contest the elections as independents due to rulings by the
Supreme Court and the Election Commission, preventing them from using the
PTI symbol, a cricket bat. This move, coupled with instances of police violence
against Khan's supporters during pre-election rallies, further underscored
concerns about the fairness of the electoral process [2].
Candidates from Khan’s party have been forced to

contest the elections as independents after the Supreme
Court and Election Commission ruled that they could not
use the PTI symbol, a cricket bat. Symbols appear on
ballot papers in Pakistan to help illiterate voters identify
parties. Police have also violently dispersed pre-election
rallies held by supporters of Khan, whose populist PTI is
the leading opposition party in the country.
RFEL

Similarly, MENAFN also voiced concerns, noting that media outlets had
noticeably silenced coverage of PTI, indicating a concerted effort to minimize
Khan's presence in the public discourse. The blackout, alongside
disqualifications and arrests of PTI candidates, as well as the denial of their
iconic cricket bat symbol, contributed to voter confusion and undermined the
transparency of the electoral process. Additionally, the Election Commission of
Pakistan's ban on entry and exit polls further obscured the visibility of the
electoral landscape, reflecting a broader trend of "controlled democracy" in
Pakistan [3].
Media outlets, adhering to directives, have noticeably

silenced coverage of PTI , highlighting a concerted effort to
minimize Khan's presence. This media blackout, combined
with the disqualifications and arrests of PTI candidates and
the denial of their iconic cricket bat symbol, contributes to
voter confusion. Adding to the electoral challenges, the
Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) bans entry and exit
polls, obscuring the vote's transparency. These measures
reflect a broader trend of "controlled democracy" in Pakistan
MENAFN
Just days before the elections, The United Nations human rights agency raised
concerns over Pakistan's crackdown on the opposition party of former Prime
Minister Imran Khan in the lead-up to this week's parliamentary election [4].
Elizabeth Throssell, spokesperson for the UN high commissioner for human

rights, emphasized the importance of ensuring the right to participation of all
individuals for an inclusive democratic process. Speaking during a news
briefing in Geneva, Throssell stated,
"All eligible parties must be able to compete fairly."
She expressed disturbance over the pattern of harassment, arrests, and

prolonged detentions of leaders of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party and
their supporters, which has persisted during the election period. This
statement highlights international scrutiny of Pakistan's electoral environment
and accentuates the necessity for upholding democratic principles and
human rights standards.

Sarwar Bari, the National Coordinator at the Pattan Development Organization
and former head of FAFEN, also criticized the unprecedented nature of
manipulation and intimidation witnessed during Pakistan's 2024 election.
Describing the election as peculiar in several aspects, Bari emphasized the
"very transparent" manner in which such tactics were employed, marking a
departure from the subtlety seen in previous elections. He highlighted the
crackdown against the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) and the numerous
legal cases targeting PTI leader Imran Khan, resulting in multiple jail
sentences. Bari underscored the significance of these actions, noting that they
represented an intense and widespread level of rigging, breaking records
previously held by Pakistan's establishment. One notable example cited by
Bari was the election regulator's decision to strip the PTI of its unifying election
symbol, the bat. This move not only compelled hundreds of PTI candidates to
contest polls as independents, each with their own symbol, but also may have
deprived the party of reserved seats for women and minorities, which are
allocated based on a party's performance in the general seats. Bari's
observations highlight the extent of electoral manipulation and the challenges
faced by opposition parties in navigating an increasingly constrained political
landscape in Pakistan [5].
Sarwar Bari's post-election assessment also reflected profound concern over

the extent of electoral malpractice witnessed in Pakistan. He asserted that the
scale of rigging observed during and immediately following the elections
surpassed anything previously experienced in the country's history. Bari
emphasized the brazenness with which these manipulative tactics were
executed, suggesting that the magnitude of the irregularities made
concealing them impossible [6].
According to a statement from the United States Institute of Peace (USIP), in

the lead-up to the 2024 election in Pakistan, it was evident that the electoral
playing field was being unfairly tilted against the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
(PTI) party. USIP report mentioned that a notable instance of this bias was the
denial of PTI's election symbol, a cricket bat, by the Pakistani Supreme Court.
This decision was widely perceived as part of a broader campaign to
disadvantage the PTI and skew the electoral playing field in favor of other
parties. USIP further added that the denial of such a fundamental symbol not
only undermined the PTI's visibility and identity but also raised serious
questions about the fairness and impartiality of the electoral process in
Pakistan [7].

Even before the election, it was clear that the electoral
playing field was being tilted against the PTI. Perhaps most
significantly, leading up to the election, the PTI was also
denied its election symbol (a cricket bat) by the Pakistani
Supreme Court, which was widely seen as part of a broader
campaign to tilt the electoral playing field against the party.
Sadia Bari
In the aftermath of elections, similar reports highlighted the unprecedented

nature of election manipulation and post-poll rigging. According to the
Financial Times, the 2024 election in Pakistan was plagued by numerous
irregularities including significant delays in publishing the final tally of votes
and blackouts of mobile services [8].
The election itself was marred by irregularities including a

significant delay in publishing a final tally and mobile service
blackouts. PTI says it would have otherwise won a majority.
The US and EU are right to call for an investigation into

claims of interference.
FT
An article published by the Economist, highlighted that the 2024 general

elections in Pakistan were marred by controversies and challenges, such as
forcing Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) candidates as "independent" on the
ballot.

This article asserted that the decision made it significantly harder for voters,
particularly in a country where 40% of the population is illiterate, to identify PTI
candidates. Additionally, it was highlighted that the lead-up to the election
was fraught with turmoil, due to PTI leader Mr. Khan’s sudden and dubious
sentencing to three lengthy prison terms on charges of corruption, disclosure
of state secrets, and illegal marriage. The timing of these convictions raised
suspicions of political manipulation aimed at undermining the PTI's electoral
prospects. Additionally, the article also exposed how on election day itself, the
voting process encountered further obstacles with a blanket shutdown of
mobile-phone networks, hampering communication and access to essential
information for voters across the country. These developments underscored
broader concerns about the fairness and transparency of the electoral
process in Pakistan [9].
The commission also marked PTI candidates as

“independent” on the ballot. That made them harder to
spot for voters in a country where 40% of the population
is illiterate. A week before the election, Mr Khan was
sentenced to three long prison terms in dubiously quick
succession on counts of corruption, disclosing state
secrets and getting married illegally.
On election day, voting was further hampered by a

blanket shutdown of mobile-phone networks.
Globe and Mail [10] raised serious concerns related to dramatic shift in the
results stating that the initial results indicated a clear trajectory favoring
candidates supported by the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party, particularly
in key constituencies such as Lahore, Islamabad, and Faisalabad in the
province of Punjab, which served as the main battleground for electoral
dominance. In Karachi, Pakistan's largest city, many PTI candidates were also
poised for victory by significant margins, reflecting the party's widespread
support across diverse regions of the country. However, the momentum
abruptly shifted as the transmission of election results came to a halt due to
purported internet issues. This interruption raised immediate concerns and
cast doubt on the credibility of the electoral process.

After more than eight hours of uncertainty, the resumption of result
transmission revealed a starkly different outcome, with the trajectory taking a
complete U-turn. The sudden reversal of fortunes left many observers and
stakeholders questioning the integrity of the election results, as the
discrepancy between the initial trend and the final outcome raised suspicions
of potential irregularities or manipulation. The swift and unexpected change in
the electoral landscape underscored the volatility and uncertainty
surrounding Pakistan's political landscape, amplifying calls for transparency
and accountability in the electoral process.
“As the results began pouring in, the trajectory was

clear by late Thursday. PTI-supported candidates were
winning with a clear majority in many constituencies,
including in Lahore, Islamabad and Faisalabad in the
province of Punjab, the main electoral battleground. In
Karachi, Pakistan’s largest city, many PTI candidates
were winning by significant margins until the
transmission of results was halted owing to a supposed
internet issue.
In the early results, the trajectory was so evident that

the eminent Pakistani journalist-turned-senator
Mushahid Hussain Syed called it “probably the biggest
election upset in Pakistan’s political history in the last 50
years.” Yet, suddenly, the results stopped streaming in.
And when the process finally resumed after more than
eight hours, the trajectory had taken a complete U-turn,
raising serious doubts about the credibility of the
election results.
Similarly, Common Dreams [11] reported that as the parliamentary elections in

Pakistan drew near, the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) faced significant
challenges. The party was stripped of its electoral symbol, forcing its
candidates to contest as independents.

This action not only undermined the PTI's organizational cohesion but also
subjected its candidates to heightened vulnerability and isolation. Many PTI
candidates and their families were targeted and forced to campaign in
secrecy and hiding. Voter suppression tactics were rampant, with widespread
confusion over polling locations and instances of voters within the same
family being assigned polling stations miles apart. Additionally, the Election
Commission of Pakistan's last-minute decision to close polls early, citing
security concerns, further restricted voter access and cast doubt on the
fairness and transparency of the electoral process.
As the date for parliamentary elections approached, the

PTI was stripped of its electoral symbol, and party
candidates were forced to contest as independents... PTI
candidates and their families were targeted, harassed,
and assaulted, and many were forced to campaign in
hiding. Voter suppression was rife. People did not know
until very late where they would vote, and at times
voters within a single family were assigned polling
stations hundreds of miles apart. The day before the
election, citing security concerns, the Election
Commission of Pakistan announced that polls would
close early, further restricting voter access.
The integrity and transparency of Pakistan's electoral process have come

under further scrutiny following a damning report from the Free and Fair
Election Network (FAFEN), highlighting significant irregularities and restrictions
observed during the recent general elections [12]. FAFEN's report highlighted
barriers faced by observers during Pakistan's electoral process. Additionally,
issues with form distribution and suspension of communication services
raised transparency concerns. The findings emphasized the urgent need for
electoral reforms to uphold democratic integrity [13].

PILDAT's assessment of Pakistan's 2024 General Election [14] also reveals a
concerning decline in fairness scores compared to previous cycles, with an
overall fairness score of 49%—a three-point drop from 2018. In its report, the
watchdog highlighted pre-poll rigging tactics, including significant delays,
political repression, and impartiality issues from state institutions, yielding a
fairness score of 50%, matching 2018 but below 2013's 62%. Additionally, PILDAT
pointed out disruptions on polling day, such as the suspension of mobile and
internet services, which hampered the electoral process and resulted in a
voting process score of 58%, lower than 2018 but higher than 2013. The post-
poll phase saw dissatisfaction hitting a historic low, reflecting growing distrust,
with delayed result announcements and contentious allocation of reserved
seats compounding concerns. PILDAT stresses the need for enhanced
transparency, accountability, and thorough investigations to restore electoral
integrity and public trust.

References
[1] Time. (2024, February 5). Pakistan’s Elections Are Being Brazenly Rigged. Why
Doesn’t the U.S. Seem to Care? Time. https://time.com/6663747/pakistan-
imran-khan-election-democracy-us
[2] Siddique, A., & Radio Free Europe. (2024, February 6). 'Nothing Will Change':
Pakistani Army's Alleged Election Meddling Dashes Hopes For Real
Transformation. Radio Free Europe. https://www.rferl.org/a/pakistan-election-
military-meddling-army-khan-change/32807995.html
[3] MENAFN. (2024, February 7). Military Meddling Shadows Pakistan Elections |
MENAFN.COM. MENAFN. https://menafn.com/1107824419/Military-Meddling-
Shadows-Pakistan-Elections
[4] VOA News. (2024, February 6). UN 'Disturbed' Over Pakistan's Clampdown on
Ex-PM Khan's Party Ahead of Elections. VOA News.
https://www.voanews.com/a/un-disturbed-over-pakistan-s-clampdown-on-
ex-pm-khan-party-ahead-of-elections/7476779.html
[5] Arab News Pakistan. (2024, February 7). Against bitter history of election-
rigging, Pakistan's latest polls marred by manipulation claims. Arab News
Pakistan. https://www.arabnews.pk/node/2456171/pakistan
[6] Subtitled By PTI. (2024, February 16). Sarwar Bari's Statement on Election
Rigging. Subtitled By PTI.
https://x.com/SubtitledByPTI/status/1758703636668953018
[7] United States Institute of Peace. (2024, February 13). Understanding

Pakistan's Election Results. United States Institute of Peace.
https://www.usip.org/publications/2024/02/understanding-pakistans-
election-results
[8] Financial Times. (2024, February 14). A flawed vote in Pakistan. Financial
Times. https://www.ft.com/content/e55c636e-1428-4eda-86d7-c3e78b4fd225

[9] The Economist. (2024, February 9). Confusion reigns in Pakistan's rigged
election. The Economist.
https://www.economist.com/asia/2024/02/09/confusion-reigns-in-pakistans-
rigged-election
[10] The Globe and Mail. (2024, February 12). Opinion: Pakistan's suspicious
election results could fracture the country. The Globe and Mail.
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-pakistans-suspicious-
election-results-could-fracture-the-country/
[11] Wilkins, B. (2024, February 14). US Progressives Decry Pakistani Military's

Election Meddling. Common Dreams.
https://www.commondreams.org/news/pakistan-elections-2667283186
[12] Mohmand, A., & The Friday Times. (2024, February 11). FAFEN Raises Question
Marks On Transparency Of Results Tabulation Process At RO Offices. The Friday
Times. https://thefridaytimes.com/11-Feb-2024/fafen-raises-question-marks-
on-transparency-of-results-tabulation-process-at-ro-offices
[13] Khan, I. A., & Dawn News. (2024, February 11). Election results delay casts
shadow over poll credibility: Fafen. Dawn News.
[14] Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency. (2024,

March 5). General Election 2024 records lowest fairness score since 2013: PILDAT.
PILDAT. https://pildat.org/electoral-reforms1/general-election-2024-records-
lowest-fairness-score-since-2013-pildat

President Dr. Arif Alvi made a significant decision to
summon the National Assembly on February 29th,
exercising his constitutional authority outlined in Article
54(1) of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
"Subject to some reservations, I have summoned to

convene the National Assembly on 29th February in
exercise of the powers conferred by Article 54(1) of the
Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan."
However, this decision is not without its caveats and

reservations, as expressed in a statement issued by the
President's office. The President's approval, while
acknowledging the urgency stipulated in Article 91(2), is
tempered by concerns regarding the unresolved issue of
reserved seats.
In response to a summary from the caretaker Prime

Minister, the President expressed disappointment in the
tone and content of the communication, deeming it
unfortunate for a Chief Executive to address the Head of
State in such a manner.
"Summaries are not usually addressed in this way. It is sad

that Chief Executive of the country addresses the Head of
the State in the first form and resorts to unacceptable
language and allegations without any substance".

One of the central issues is the allocation of reserved seats,
a matter that President Alvi expects to be resolved before
the 21st day. The President also highlighted the need for
adherence to constitutional provisions, particularly Article
51 and Article 91(2), regarding the formation of the
government and the role of the Election Commission of
Pakistan.
Furthermore, President Alvi raised concerns about the

electoral process, highlighting discrepancies and
challenges that have emerged. He called for the
implementation of the Constitution in letter and in spirit,
emphasizing the need for all stakeholders to respect the will
and the mandate of the people.
The President emphasized his commitment to objectivity

and neutrality in line with his constitutional duties,
underscoring the importance of national interest and
cohesion. He defended his decision to return the summary,
asserting it was in accordance with constitutional
provisions and aimed at upholding the people's mandate.
Despite the ongoing challenges within the electoral process,

the President reaffirmed his commitment to upholding the
Constitution and ensuring the timely functioning of
democratic institutions. Thus, the summoning of the
National Assembly on February 29th stands as a testament
to the President's dedication to constitutional principles
while awaiting the resolution of outstanding issues [1].
Statement from President of Pakistan, February 28th, 2024
References
[1] President of Pakistan. Statement of Arif Alvi President of Pakistan. President
of Pakistan. https://x.com/PresOfPakistan/status/1762933797103055185?s=20

“The entire nation is aware that General Asim Munir is
driving the state affairs. It was him, General Asim Munir,
who implicated me and my wife in the Tosha Khana
reference in an attempt to stifle my spirits. Let it be known
that if anything happens to me or my wife, it’ll be him who
will be responsible. The London Plan was plotted with the
nexus of General Asim Munir and Nawaz Sharif, and in
order to execute it, judges were on-boarded, and they
were appointed by the ISI.
When I was arrested in August, the police entered my

bedroom and took away my passport and cheque book.
Then the ISI forced Inam Shah & an employee of Tosha
Khana to become witnesses against me. To sentence me
in the Tosha Khana case, financial evaluation of the
jewellery set was obtained from a part-time salesman in
Dubai. I will sue Chairman NAB and Inam Shah for
propping up this bogus Tosha Khana reference against
me.
Fawad Chaudhry had held a press conference &

denounced PTI. However, he was still kept in detention in
an attempt to force him to become a witness against me.
If Pervez Elahi and Shah Mahmood Qureshi hold a press
conference today, all charges against them will be
dropped.

The CJP is prioritising Faizabad dharna and Bhutto cases,
but has turned a blind eye to the fact that the innocent
civilians are incarcerated in military prisons.
There was a plan to assassinate me in the Judicial Complex

on March 18, 2024. The charge of Judicial Complex was
taken over by men in plain clothes 24 hours before my
hearing. Why isn't the CCTV footage of the Judicial Complex
being brought forth?
What happened in East Pakistan is being replicated here.

Mujeeb ur Rehman's mandate was stolen and the country
was split into two. Mujeeb’s majority would have diminished
Yahya Khan's power. The Hamoodur Rahman Commission
report clearly states that Mujeeb ur Rehman had won the
elections. As had happened in East Pakistan, our mandate
is being stolen to control us.
Now, the “king” is covertly handling the affairs, while Mohsin

Naqvi is operating as a viceroy. Meanwhile, Shahbaz Sharif
commands no power. An economic catastrophe is
imminent. The Judges are revealing that intelligence
agency operatives are blatantly threatening them. Asif
Zardari and Sharif family have billions of dollars stashed
abroad.
Asif Zardari claimed that a political party is tarnishing the

military's image. When we were in power, the military was
held in high regard by the people of Pakistan. The image
was tarnished when they sided with the crooks. Zardari and
Sharif families' corruption was also exposed by ISI and
General Bajwa. Both of them took cars from Tosha Khana
[in a clear violation of the law]. Why isn't their case being
investigated? Before General Asim Munir's appointment, a
message was sent through Arif Alvi that we are not your
enemies.

I called Asim Munir through Arif Alvi to inquire about his
London Plan. Ali Zaidi was also in contact, and through him,
a message was sent to remain neutral and let the country
run. We were told not to worry; and that they would remain
neutral. I will not accept anyone's slavery and would prefer
death over it.
On a question from a journalist to Founder Chairman Imran

Khan, asking if he has any hope for justice from Chief
Justice Qazi Faiz Esa, Imran Khan remained silent for a while
and then said, "The nation is witnessing everything, I don't
want to comment on it."
The country has changed today, and people are cognisant.

We were deceived and through a false flag operation on 9th
May, there was an attempt to portray us as traitors, but the
nation clearly rejected the narrative and on February 8th,
showed where it stands. Several judges, Mohsin Naqvi, the
Chief Election Commissioner, and others from the caretaker
setup were part of the London Plan. I have never fought with
or maligned the army despite General Bajwa stabbing us in
the back.
I could have denotified General Bajwa, but I didn't. Despite

all this, we formed a committee to meet General Bajwa.
Army Chief alone is not the institution; he didn't come to
that position through elections. General Yahya also
destroyed the country for his lust of power. Had General
Yahya talked to Mujeeb ur Rehman, we wouldn't have to
surrender. The country fell apart in 1971, and today the
country's economic backbone is breaking. At present, PTI is
the strongest political force, and no other party even comes
close. I challenge to hold elections again today; and they
will prove the fact. If I can meet General Bajwa twice despite
the fact that he toppled my government, I can talk to
anyone, because I don’t have any personal issue, rather I
am fighting for the cause of Pakistan. For the sake of
Pakistan, I can speak to anyone.
In the current situation, the judiciary is not independent at

all. Until an endoscopy of Bushra Bibi is performed, how can
anything be known for certain? The tests must to be done at
Shaukat Khanum Hospital. The army chief targeted my wife
unnecessarily when she had nothing to do with politics.

A nation that is not willing to die for its freedom should be
ready to become a slave. If I step back from politics today,
my life will go back to being normal. The status quo forces
will continue with their loot and plunder. The ruling elite is
completely apathetic; all their money is stashed abroad.
PML-N will further get politically decimated when more
inflation hits the nation. At this time, the only hope is from
the judiciary. I commend and salute those six judges who
took a stand. All the judges know what is happening in the
country Judges should save the country's future because
investment can only hail if the rule of law is established. In a
country where judges are being threatened, who will invest?
At this time, the nation is looking up to the judges. The
judges have to establish the supremacy of law for political
and economic stability, and only then can we attract
investment into the country.
I want to send a message to General Asim Munir, "There's

one plan that a human makes, and then there’s a plan
made by Allah. And ultimately, only Allah’s plan prevails”
PTI founding chairman Imran Khan's conversation with

journalists at Adiala Jail, April 6th, 2024
References
Imran Khan’s Important message from jail:
https://x.com/PresOfPakistan/status/1762933797103055185?s=20

PTI’S DEMANDS
This whitepaper, backed by material evidence, bears witness to the manipulation

and rigging of the General Elections of 2024, spanning from the pre-poll phase to
the culmination in the Government Official Gazette Notification.
The statements of government officials and other officers involved in rigging and
massive manipulation corroborate the PTI's stance and assertion of corrupt
practices. These practices included the alteration of final results through fudging,
forgery, and the manipulation of Form-47 by the Returning Officers (ROs) in favor
of other political party contestants.
The surrender of constituencies by winning candidates in favor of PTI speaks

volumes about the scale of the massive rigging that took place post-elections.
Simultaneously, it casts a dark shadow over the unfortunate decay of our
institutions.
The mandate of the public at large and the people of Pakistan have been
subjected to blatant robbery in broad daylight, leaving them in a state of dismay
and helplessness against the hope of bringing about change through the strength
of the ballot.

PTI has put forward the following demands as a pathway towards true
democracy:
All institutions should align themselves with the dictates of the Constitution
of Pakistan to navigate through the impasse created by the General
Election - 2024, thereby reinstating the actual and true mandate bestowed
upon PTI by the public. This alignment will foster much-needed political
stability, which is crucial for the economic stability the nation desperately
requires at this juncture since its inception.
The Supreme Court of Pakistan must exercise the vital power vested in it by
the Constitution of Pakistan under Article 184(3), and act immediately to
guard the Constitution by exposing the systematic and countrywide
electoral fraud.
An independent judicial commission should be established to thoroughly
investigate the entire electoral process, identifying those involved in acts of
social injustice, corruption, and fraudulent practices that undermine the
public mandate. If the Election Commission of Pakistan is found culpable,
they should be held accountable under Article-6 of the Constitution of
Pakistan.
The commission should be granted access to reports compiled by
numerous independent observers, such as the EU Mission, PATTAN, PILDAT,
FAFEN, Commonwealth Observers Groups, and the US Institute of Peace.
Additionally, it should be vested with the authority to summon individuals
for the purpose of recording their statements.
The Judicial Commission should also be tasked with recommending
necessary electoral reforms aimed at enhancing transparency, promoting
fair play, and ensuring meritocracy within the electoral system. These
reforms should aim to minimize opportunities for manipulation, drawing
inspiration from the practices observed in developed democratic
countries.
Imran Khan should be released immediately, and all politically motivated
cases against him and other PTI leadership, and supporters should be
withdrawn. Those responsible for instigating these baseless cases should
be held accountable for undermining the integrity of justice.
The democracy-loving people of Pakistan appeal to the International

Community for support in their ongoing struggle to uphold democratic
processes, which have been undermined and abused for over five decades.
This request is founded on the principle of equality of rights for all, as
enshrined in the Constitution of Pakistan, irrespective of ethnicity, religion, or
gender.

References
[1] IMPORTANT CLARIFICATION BY PTI

https://insaf.pk/press-release/important-clarification-pti
[2] PTI PRESS RELEASE

https://insaf.pk/press-release/pti-press-release-1
[3] PTI DEMANDS TO RESPECT MANDATE

https://insaf.pk/press-release/pti-demands-respect-mandate
[4] PTI CORE COMMITTEE - PRESS RELEASE

https://insaf.pk/press-release/pti-core-committee-press-release-11
[5] PTI STATEMENT ON DELAYED ELECTION RESULTS

https://insaf.pk/press-release/pti-statement-delayed-election-results

APPENDIX
Form 45 - Election Result Manipulation Evidence

https://insaf.pk/news/form-45-election-result-manipulation-evidence
Glaring Discrepancies Between Original And Released Forms 45

https://insaf.pk/news/glaring-discrepancies-between-original-and-
released-forms-45
THE CASE OF NA238 Karachi - Mandate Stolen Overnight

https://insaf.pk/news/case-na-238
NA 130 - Anatomy Of The Robbery

https://insaf.pk/news/na-130-anatomy-robbery
Rigging Exposed In NA 54 - A Report

https://insaf.pk/news/rigging-exposed-na-54-report
NA 55 Form 45 Manipulation Report

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BT_KdNV6o98w-EcU_lHpKXRFojaqhLWi/view?
usp=drive_link
PK-79 A Targeted Operation

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1A6SfTIx4UZLWfTpJsITG_D4qGWGrKtpN/view?
usp=drive_link
Electoral Terrorism in NA – 232

https://drive.google.com/file/d/18Zr1lEqMMYvpabVEEHNqsAC9jvLtdm-b/view?
usp=drive_link

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GENERAL ELECTIONS

This whitepaper, compiled by Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, comprehensively details

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024

Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf pays tribute to its

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024

Free and fair elections require an environment illustrated by political diversity,

Article 218(3) of the Constitution of Pakistan assigns a crucial responsibility to

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 1

The purpose of this whitepaper is to carefully examine and document the

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 2

Most concerning instances are where substantial leads, sometimes as high as

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 3

To support its findings, the whitepaper references extensive documentary and

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 4

Role of Election Commission of Pakistan

Moreover, the Election Commission is tasked with appointing Election Tribunals

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 5

After the polling process concludes, the

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 6

While Form 45 serves as a vital tool in

Role of Presiding Officer

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 7

Election observers are individuals or organizations tasked with monitoring

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 8

National Assembly of Pakistan. (2012, February 28). The Constitution of

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 9

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 10

The Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) appointed Mohsin Raza Naqvi as

Fig. Responsibilities of a Caretaker Setup in Pakistan

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 11

The administration employed Section 144(13) strategically to prevent PTI from

Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) rejected the formation of these caretaker

Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf also alleged the caretaker government of giving

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 12

Fig.Taimur Jhagra’s tweet about the interim cabinet in KPK

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 13

Omar Ayub, Former Federal Minister and Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI)’s General

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 14

On July 26, 2023, during a joint session of Parliament, over 54 amendments to

The Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) approved the appointment of

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 15

Fig. Supreme Court hearing on Appointment of ROs.

However, PTI's concerns about the appointment of bureaucracy officers as ROs

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 16

[4] Dawn. (2023, August 8). The problematic precedence of caretaker

[5] Reuters. (2023, September 14). Pakistan caretaker government appears to

[10] Business Recorder. (2023, January 27). Naqvi's appointment as CM:

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 17

[16] Business Recorder. (2023, December 15). Bureaucrats’ appointment as

[17] Dawn. (2023, December 15). SC suspends LHC order against RO

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 18

His brother, Shehbaz Sharif, signed an undertaking stipulating that he would

While in London, Nawaz Sharif was observed to be orchestrating state affairs

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 19

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 20

The unfolding events following the regime change operation in Pakistan in

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 21

Fig: Assassination Attempt on Imran Khan in Wazirabad, Punjab in November 2022

These confessional video statements were released almost immediately

Despite having a government in the Punjab province, Pakistan Tehreek-e-

The mounting pressure on officials, from refraining from conducting thorough

PTI WHITEPAPER ON RIGGING IN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024 22

[1] Imran Khan talks about the London Plan