APPC Mock Exam Student

AP® Precalculus
Mock Exam: Section I

Multiple-Choice Questions
Section I, Part A
Time: 1 hour, 20 minutes

Number of questions: 28
NO CALCULATOR IS ALLOWED FOR THIS PART OF THE EXAM.
Directions: Solve each of the following problems, using the available space for
scratch work. After examining the choices, decide which is the best
of the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the
answer sheet. No credit will be given for anything written in this
exam booklet. Do not spend too much time on any one problem.
In this exam:
(1) Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function 𝑓𝑓 is assumed to be the
set of all real numbers 𝑥𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 is a real number.
(2) Angle measures for trigonometric functions are assumed to be in radians.

Name ________________________________________________________ Date _________________________ Period __________
AP Precalculus Mock Exam
Multiple Choice (No Calculator)
1. A B C D 15. A B C D
2. A B C D 16. A B C D
3. A B C D 17. A B C D
4. A B C D 18. A B C D
5. A B C D 19. A B C D
6. A B C D 20. A B C D
7. A B C D 21. A B C D
8. A B C D 22. A B C D
9. A B C D 23. A B C D
10. A B C D 24. A B C D
11. A B C D 25. A B C D
12. A B C D 26. A B C D
13. A B C D 27. A B C D
14. A B C D 28. A B C D
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1. The polynomial function 𝑝𝑝 is given by 𝑝𝑝 𝑥𝑥 = −3𝑥𝑥 7 + 4𝑥𝑥 3 − 2𝑥𝑥 + 1. Which of the following
statements about the end behavior of 𝑝𝑝 is true?
The sign of the leading term of 𝑝𝑝 is positive, and the degree of the leading term of 𝑝𝑝 is even;
(A)
therefore, lim 𝑝𝑝 𝑥𝑥 = ∞ and lim 𝑝𝑝 𝑥𝑥 = ∞
𝑥𝑥→−∞ 𝑥𝑥→∞
The sign of the leading term of 𝑝𝑝 is negative, and the degree of the leading term of 𝑝𝑝 is odd;
(B)
therefore, lim 𝑝𝑝 𝑥𝑥 = −∞ and lim 𝑝𝑝 𝑥𝑥 = ∞
The sign of the leading term of 𝑝𝑝 is positive, and the degree of the leading term of 𝑝𝑝 is odd;
(C)
therefore, lim 𝑝𝑝 𝑥𝑥 = −∞ and lim 𝑝𝑝 𝑥𝑥 = ∞
The sign of the leading term of 𝑝𝑝 is negative, and the degree of the leading term of 𝑝𝑝 is odd;
(D)
therefore, lim 𝑝𝑝 𝑥𝑥 = ∞ and lim 𝑝𝑝 𝑥𝑥 = −∞
2. The depth of water, in feet, at a water hazard on a local golf course is modeled by a function 𝐷𝐷.
The graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝐷𝐷(𝑡𝑡) is shown for 0 ≤ 𝑡𝑡 ≤ 30, where 𝑡𝑡 is the number of days since the first day
of a month. What are all intervals of 𝑡𝑡 on which the depth of water is increasing at a decreasing
rate?
(A) (0, 9) only (B) (9, 21)
(C) (3,9) and (21, 30) only (D) (0, 9) and (21, 30)
© 2023 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com

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3. Let 𝑓𝑓 be a function with the domain −6 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 12. The function 𝑔𝑔 is defined by

𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = 4𝑓𝑓 2 𝑥𝑥 + 3 − 1.
Which of the following gives the domain of the function 𝑔𝑔?
(A) [−11, 35] (B) [−8, 10]
(C) [−6,3] (D) [0, 21]
𝒙𝒙 −1 1 3 4 5 7
𝒉𝒉(𝒙𝒙) −4 −2 1 3 −1 5
4. The table above gives values for the function ℎ at selected values of 𝑥𝑥. What is the average rate
of change of ℎ over the interval −1 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 7 ?
1 1
(A) (B)
6 8
9 9
(C) (D)
8 6
5. The function 𝑓𝑓 is given by 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 8𝑥𝑥, and the function 𝑔𝑔 is given by

𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥
𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 7𝑥𝑥 + 10. Let ℎ be the function given by ℎ 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥
. What are all the intervals
on which ℎ 𝑥𝑥 > 0?
(A) −∞, −4 ∪ (2, 5) (B) −4, 0 ∪ (5, ∞)
(C) −∞, −4 ∪ (0, 2) ∪ (2, 5) (D) −4, 0 ∪ 2, 5 ∪ (5, ∞)

6. Which of the following functions has a graph in the 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 −plane with a zero at 𝑥𝑥 = 4 , a vertical
asymptote at 𝑥𝑥 = −1 ,and a hole at 𝑥𝑥 = 3.
𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥 − 3
(A) 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 =
𝑥𝑥 2 − 7𝑥𝑥 + 12
𝑥𝑥 2 − 7𝑥𝑥 + 12
(B) ℎ 𝑥𝑥 = 2
𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑥 − 3
𝑥𝑥 − 4
(C) 𝑗𝑗 𝑥𝑥 =
𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 − 3
𝑥𝑥 − 4
(D) 𝑘𝑘 𝑥𝑥 =
𝑥𝑥 2 − 7𝑥𝑥 + 12
𝒙𝒙 −9 −6 −3 −2 0 3 4 6
𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) 52 31 8 4 −7 5 9 18
7. The table above gives values for a polynomial function 𝑓𝑓 at selected values of 𝑥𝑥.
Let 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶, where 𝐴𝐴, 𝐵𝐵, and 𝐶𝐶 are positive constants. In the 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 −plane, the graph
of 𝑔𝑔 is constructed by applying three transformations to the graph of 𝑓𝑓 in this order: a horizontal
dilation by a factor of 3, a vertical dilation by a factor of 2, and vertical translation by 7 units.
What is the value of 𝑔𝑔(−6) ?
(A) 246 (B) 29
(C) 193 (D) 15

8. Values of the terms of a geometric sequence 𝑔𝑔(𝑛𝑛) are graphed in the figure above. Which of
the following is an expression for the 𝑛𝑛th term of the geometric sequence?
𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛−1
1 1
(A) 𝑔𝑔 𝑛𝑛 = 12 (B) 𝑔𝑔 𝑛𝑛 = 6
2 2
𝑛𝑛−2 𝑛𝑛+1
1 1
(C) 𝑔𝑔 𝑛𝑛 = 12 (D) 𝑔𝑔 𝑛𝑛 = 12
2 2
9. The value of a new AI technology stock is modeled by the function 𝑇𝑇. The value of the stock is
expected to increase by 16% each year. At time 𝑡𝑡 = 0 years, the value of the stock was $382.
Which of the following expressions gives the value of the AI Stock after 𝑚𝑚 months. [Note: There
are 12 months in a year.]
12𝑚𝑚
(A) 382 1.16 𝑚𝑚/12 (B) 382 0.16
12𝑚𝑚
(C) 382 1.16 (D) 382 0.16 𝑚𝑚/12

𝑥𝑥 −2 0 1 3 6
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 5 −5 3 6 4
𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) −6 −3 0 −2 1
10. The table above gives values for the functions 𝑓𝑓 and 𝑔𝑔 at selected values of 𝑥𝑥. Functions 𝑓𝑓 and
𝑔𝑔 are defined for all real numbers. Let ℎ be the function defined by ℎ 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑓𝑓 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 . What is
the value for ℎ(3)?
(A) 5 (B) 4
(C) 1 (D) −6
11. The figure shown is the graph of a polynomial function 𝑔𝑔. Which of the following could
be an expression for 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) ?
(A) 0.15 𝑥𝑥 + 3 2 (𝑥𝑥 + 5)(𝑥𝑥 − 6)
(B) 0.15 𝑥𝑥 − 3 2 (𝑥𝑥 − 5)(𝑥𝑥 + 6)
(C) 0.15(𝑥𝑥 + 3)(𝑥𝑥 + 5)(𝑥𝑥 − 6)
(D) 0.15(𝑥𝑥 − 3)(𝑥𝑥 − 5)(𝑥𝑥 + 6)

12. Let 𝑘𝑘, 𝑤𝑤, and 𝑧𝑧 be positive constants. Which of the following is equivalent to
𝑘𝑘𝑤𝑤 3
log 2
𝑧𝑧 2
1
(A) log 2 𝑘𝑘 + 3 log 2 𝑤𝑤 − log 2 𝑧𝑧
2
(B) log 2 𝑘𝑘 + 3 log 2 𝑤𝑤 − 2 log 2 𝑧𝑧
(C) log 2 𝑘𝑘 − 3 log 2 𝑤𝑤 + 2 log 2 𝑧𝑧
(D) log 2 (𝑘𝑘 + 3𝑤𝑤) − log 2 (2𝑧𝑧)
13. A polynomial function 𝑝𝑝 is given by 𝑝𝑝 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 + 5𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥 − 2, where 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑛𝑛 are constants
and 𝑛𝑛 > 2. Which of the following could be the values of 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑛𝑛, if the end behavior of 𝑝𝑝 is
known to be
lim 𝑝𝑝 𝑥𝑥 = −∞ lim 𝑝𝑝 𝑥𝑥 = −∞
(A) 𝑎𝑎 = 4; 𝑛𝑛 = 3 (B) 𝑎𝑎 = 5; 𝑛𝑛 = 2
(C) 𝑎𝑎 = −3; 𝑛𝑛 = 5 (D) 𝑎𝑎 = −3; 𝑛𝑛 = 4
1 𝑥𝑥
14. Let 𝑘𝑘 𝑥𝑥 = 4 . Which of the following statements about 𝑘𝑘 is true?
3
(A) 𝑘𝑘 is decreasing and the graph of 𝑘𝑘 is concave up.
(B) 𝑘𝑘 is decreasing and the graph of 𝑘𝑘 is concave down.
(C) 𝑘𝑘 is increasing and the graph of 𝑘𝑘 is concave up.
(D) 𝑘𝑘 is increasing and the graph of 𝑘𝑘 is concave down.

𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
15. The function ℎ is given by ℎ 𝑥𝑥 = sin 𝛽𝛽 + 3 , where 0 < 𝛽𝛽 < 2
. Which of the following is
an equivalent form for ℎ(𝑥𝑥)?
1 3
(A) sin 𝛽𝛽 + cos 𝛽𝛽
2 2
1 3
(B) sin 𝛽𝛽 − cos 𝛽𝛽
2 2
3 1
(C) sin 𝛽𝛽 + cos 𝛽𝛽
2 2
3
(D) sin 𝛽𝛽 +
2
16. A polar function is given by 𝑟𝑟 = 𝑓𝑓 𝜃𝜃 = cos 𝜃𝜃 − 1. As 𝜃𝜃 increases on the interval 0 < 𝜃𝜃 < 𝜋𝜋,
which of the following is true about the points on the graph of 𝑟𝑟 = 𝑓𝑓 𝜃𝜃 in the 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 −plane?
(A) The points on the graph are above the x-axis and are getting farther from the origin.
(B) The points on the graph are above the x-axis and are getting closer to the origin.
(C) The points on the graph are below the x-axis and are getting farther from the origin.
(D) The points on the graph are below the x-axis and are getting closer to the origin.
17. What are all values of 𝑥𝑥 for which ln 𝑥𝑥 − 5 = 2
(A) 𝑥𝑥 = 9 and 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑒𝑒 2 + 5 (B) 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑒𝑒 4 + 5 only
(C) 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑒𝑒 2 + 5 and 𝑥𝑥 = −𝑒𝑒 2 + 5 (D) 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑒𝑒 4

The sales department of a fishing supply company is estimating projected sales data for a new
18.
saltwater fishing reel under development. The sales analysts used a linear regression to create a
model for the sales over time. The figure above shows a graph of the residuals of the linear
regression. Which of the following statements about the linear regression model is true?
The linear model is not appropriate, because there is a clear pattern in the graph
A.
of the residuals.
B. The linear model is not appropriate, because the graph of the residuals is not a linear pattern.
C. The linear model is appropriate, because there is a clear pattern in the graph of the residuals.
D. The linear model is appropriate, because all of the residuals are of relatively small size.
Let 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 1 + 4 csc 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = −7. In the xy-plane, what are the x-coordinates of the points
19.
of intersection of the graphs of 𝑓𝑓 and 𝑔𝑔 for 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 < 2𝜋𝜋?
𝜋𝜋 5π
(A) 𝑥𝑥 = and 𝑥𝑥 =
3 3
2𝜋𝜋 4π
(B) 𝑥𝑥 = and 𝑥𝑥 =
3 3
𝜋𝜋 5π
(C) 𝑥𝑥 = and 𝑥𝑥 =
6 6
7𝜋𝜋 11π
(D) 𝑥𝑥 = and 𝑥𝑥 =
6 6

20. Which is the graph of 𝑓𝑓 𝜃𝜃 = 2 + 4 sin(𝜃𝜃)
A. B.
C. D.
21. The number of people standing in line to cast their vote during the lunch hour can be modeled by
𝜋𝜋
the function 𝑉𝑉 given by 𝑉𝑉 𝑡𝑡 = 49 − 23 cos 30 𝑡𝑡 , where 𝑡𝑡 is the time since lunch began, in
minutes, for 0 ≤ 𝑡𝑡 ≤ 60. Which of the following is the maximum number of people waiting in
line to cast their vote?
(A) 95 (B) 72
(C) 49 (D) 23

22. The point 𝑃𝑃 has the polar coordinates −4,

2𝜋𝜋
. Which of the following polar coordinates is an
3
equivalent representation of the point 𝑃𝑃?
A. 5𝜋𝜋 B. 4𝜋𝜋
−4, 4,
3 3
C. 5𝜋𝜋 D. 4𝜋𝜋
4, −4,
3 3
23. The function 𝑓𝑓 is given by 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 + 3. The graph of which of the following functions
is the image of the graph of 𝑓𝑓 after a vertical dilation of the graph of 𝑓𝑓 by a factor of 3?
ℎ 𝑥𝑥 = 6𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 + 9 , because this is a multiplicative transformation of 𝑓𝑓 that results from

(A)
multiplying 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 by 3.
𝑘𝑘 𝑥𝑥 = 18𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 + 3, because this is a multiplicative transformation of 𝑓𝑓 that results from

(B)
multiplying each input value 𝑥𝑥 by 3.
𝑝𝑝 𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 + 6, because this is an additive transformation of 𝑓𝑓 that results from adding
(C)
3 to 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)
𝑤𝑤 𝑥𝑥 = 2 𝑥𝑥 + 3 2 − 4 𝑥𝑥 + 3 + 3, because this is an additive transformation of 𝑓𝑓 that results

(D)
from adding 3 to each input value 𝑥𝑥.

A complex number is represented by a point in the complex plane. The complex number has
24.
the rectangular coordinates (−5, 5). Which of the following is an equivalent expression of the
complex number using its polar coordinates 𝑟𝑟, 𝜃𝜃 ?
3𝜋𝜋 3𝜋𝜋
(A) 5 cos + 𝑖𝑖 5 sin
4 4
3𝜋𝜋 3𝜋𝜋
(B) 5 2 cos + 𝑖𝑖 5 2 sin
4 4
5𝜋𝜋 5𝜋𝜋
(C) 5 cos + 𝑖𝑖 5 sin
4 4
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
(D) 5 2 cos − + 𝑖𝑖 5 2 sin −
4 4
𝒙𝒙 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙)
5 1
15 2
45 3
135 3
405 5
The table shows values for a function 𝑓𝑓 at selected values of 𝑥𝑥. Which of the following claim and
25.
explanation statements best fit these data?
𝑓𝑓 is best modeled by an exponential function, because the outputs over consecutive equal-
(A)
length input-value intervals are proportional.
𝑓𝑓 is best modeled by an exponential function, because the inputs over consecutive equal-length
(B)
output-value intervals are proportional.
𝑓𝑓 is best modeled by a logarithmic function, because the inputs over consecutive equal-length
(C)
output-value intervals are proportional.
𝑓𝑓 is best modeled by a logarithmic function, because the outputs over consecutive equal-length
(D)
input-value intervals are proportional.

𝒙𝒙 𝒉𝒉(𝒙𝒙)
0 64
1 85
2 102
3 115
4 124
The table shows values for a function ℎ at selected values of 𝑥𝑥. Which of the following claim
26.
and explanation statements best fit these data?
ℎ is best modeled by a linear function, because the rate of change over consecutive
(A)
equal-length input-value intervals is constant.
ℎ is best modeled by a linear function, because the change in the average rates of change over
(B)
consecutive equal-length input-value intervals is constant.
ℎ is best modeled by a quadratic function, because the rate of change over consecutive
(C)
equal-length input-value intervals is constant.
ℎ is best modeled by a quadratic function, because the change in the average rates of change
(D)
over consecutive equal-length input-value intervals is constant.

Let 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥𝑥 cos(𝑥𝑥) and 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = cos 𝑥𝑥 . In the xy-plane, what are the x-coordinates
27.
of the points of intersection of the graphs of 𝑓𝑓 and 𝑔𝑔 on the interval 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 < 2𝜋𝜋
𝜋𝜋 2𝜋𝜋
𝑥𝑥 = and 𝑥𝑥 = only
(A) 3 3
𝜋𝜋 3𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 5𝜋𝜋
(B) 𝑥𝑥 = , 𝑥𝑥 = , 𝑥𝑥 = , and 𝑥𝑥 =
2 2 6 6
𝜋𝜋 2𝜋𝜋
𝑥𝑥 = 0, 𝑥𝑥 = 𝜋𝜋, 𝑥𝑥 = , and 𝑥𝑥 =
(C) 3 3
7𝜋𝜋 11𝜋𝜋
𝑥𝑥 = 0, 𝑥𝑥 = 𝜋𝜋, 𝑥𝑥 = , and 𝑥𝑥 =
(D) 6 6
2𝑥𝑥 3 −5𝑥𝑥 2 +3
28. The rational function 𝑅𝑅 is defined by 𝑅𝑅 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 2 +2𝑥𝑥−1
. Which of the following claim and
explanation statements about the graph of 𝑅𝑅 is true?
The graph of 𝑅𝑅 has a slant asymptote because the polynomial in the numerator dominates the
(A) polynomial in the denominator for input values of large magnitude, and the quotient of the two
polynomials is a linear function.
The graph of 𝑅𝑅 has a horizontal asymptote because the polynomial in the numerator dominates
(B)
the polynomial in the denominator for input values of large magnitude.
The graph of 𝑅𝑅 has a horizontal asymptote because the leading coefficient of the numerator is
(C)
greater than the leading coefficient of the denominator.
The graph of 𝑅𝑅 does not have a horizontal asymptote because the denominator does not have
(D)
any rational zeros.

AP® Precalculus
Semester Exam: Section I

Multiple-Choice Questions
Section I, Part B
Time: 40 minutes
GRAPHING CALCULATOR IS REQUIRED FOR THIS PART OF THE EXAM.
Directions: Solve each of the following problems, using the available space for scratch work.
After examining the choices, decide which is the best of the choices given and fill
in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. No credit will be given for
anything written in this exam booklet. Do not spend too much time on any one
problem.
BE SURE YOU FILL IN THE CIRCLES ON THE ANSWER SHEET THAT CORRESPOND TO
QUESTIONS NUMBERED 76-87.
YOU MAY NOT RETURN TO QUESTIONS NUMBERED 1-28.
In this exam:
(1) The exact numerical value of the correct answer does not always appear among the
choices given. When this happens, select from among the choices the number that best
approximates the exact numerical value.
(2) Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function 𝑓𝑓 is assumed to be the set of all real
numbers 𝑥𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) is a real number.
(3) Angle measures for trigonometric functions are assumed to be in radians. Make sure
your calculator is in radian mode.
Name ________________________________________________________ Date _________________________ Period __________
AP Precalculus Mock Exam
Multiple Choice (Calculator)
76. A B C D
77. A B C D
78. A B C D
79. A B C D
80. A B C D
81. A B C D
82. A B C D
83. A B C D
84. A B C D
85. A B C D
86. A B C D
87. A B C D
B B B B B B B B B
𝒙𝒙 1 3 5 7 8
𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) 1.423 23.472 121.859 362.144 547.235
76. The table presents values for 𝑓𝑓 at selected values of 𝑥𝑥. A cubic regression
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑑 is used to model these data. What is the value of 𝑓𝑓(5) predicted by the
cubic function model?
(A) 82.731 (B) 121.859
(C) 123.404 (D) 126.100
77. The rate of people entering a country music concert at a large arena is modeled by the function
𝑅𝑅, where 𝑅𝑅 𝑡𝑡 = 0.04𝑡𝑡 3 − 0.853𝑡𝑡 2 + 4.234𝑡𝑡 + 1.234 for 0 ≤ 𝑡𝑡 ≤ 5. 𝑅𝑅 𝑡𝑡 is measured in people
per hour, and 𝑡𝑡 is measured in hours since the arena began allowing ticket holders to enter.
Based on the model, at what value of 𝑡𝑡 does the rate of people entering the arena change from
increasing to decreasing?
A. 𝑡𝑡 = 5 B. 𝑡𝑡 = 3.204
C. 𝑡𝑡 = 7.108 D. 𝑡𝑡 = 2.871
78. A geometric sequence 𝑔𝑔𝑛𝑛 has known terms 𝑔𝑔5 = 18 and 𝑔𝑔8 = 60.75. What us the value of 𝑔𝑔12 ?
(A) 176.922 (B) 205.031
(C) 283.073 (D) 307.547

B B B B B B B B B
79. The height of the tide, in feet, on an intercoastal waterway, is modeled by the function ℎ, defined
𝜋𝜋
by ℎ 𝑡𝑡 = 4.3 cos 6 𝑡𝑡 + 7.8 for 0 ≤ 𝑡𝑡 ≤ 12 hours. Based on the model, which of the following
is true?
(A) The minimum height of the tide is 3.5 feet.
(B) The minimum height of the time occurs at 𝑡𝑡 = 12 hours.
(C) The maximum height of the tide is 12.4 feet
(D) The maximum height of the tide occurs at 𝑡𝑡 = 6 hours.
80. The graph of 𝑔𝑔 is shown above. Which of the following intervals gives the domain of 𝑔𝑔−1 , the
inverse of 𝑔𝑔 ?
(A) [2, 8] (B) [3, 9]
1 1
(C) [−8, −2] (D) ,
9 3

B B B B B B B B B
81. The graph of 𝑦𝑦 = ℎ(𝑥𝑥) shown above, is the graph of a logarithmic function. Which equation
below represents the inverse function?
A. ℎ−1 𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 3 B. ℎ−1 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥+3 − 2
C. ℎ−1 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥−3 + 2 D. ℎ−1 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥−2 − 3
82. A complex number is represented by a point in the complex plane. The complex number has the
rectangular coordinates (−2, 5). Which of the following is one way to express the complex
number using its polar coordinates (𝑟𝑟, 𝜃𝜃) ?
(A) 29 cos(1.951) + 𝑖𝑖 29 sin(1.951)
(B) 29 cos(4.332) + 𝑖𝑖 29 sin(4.332)
(C) 29 cos(1.190 + 𝑖𝑖 29 sin(1.190)
(D) 29 cos(−1.190 + 𝑖𝑖 29 sin(−1.190)

B B B B B B B B B
83. An alien from the Pleiades star system was found alive, in a crashed space vehicle. A medical
team is monitoring the alien’s body temperature, using the function 𝐵𝐵 given by
1
𝐵𝐵 𝑡𝑡 = 115 + 9 cos (𝑡𝑡 + 12𝜋𝜋)
20
Where 𝑡𝑡 is the time, in minutes, since they started monitoring the alien for 0 ≤ 𝑡𝑡 ≤ 120. Which
of the following best describes the behavior of 𝐵𝐵(𝑡𝑡) when 𝑡𝑡 = 60 minutes ?
(A) The alien’s body temperature is increasing at an increasing rate.
(B) The alien’s body temperature is increasing at a decreasing rate.
(C) The alien’s body temperature is decreasing at an increasing rate.
(D) The alien’s body temperature is decreasing at a decreasing rate.
84. Let 𝑘𝑘 be a polynomial function whose rate of change can be modeled by the function R
given by 𝑅𝑅 𝑥𝑥 = 1.7𝑥𝑥 3 − 1.8𝑥𝑥 2 − 3.2𝑥𝑥 + 1.4 . Based on this model, how many points of inflection
does the graph of 𝑘𝑘 have?
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4

B B B B B B B B B
𝒙𝒙 1 2 3 4 5
𝒌𝒌(𝒕𝒕) 28 50 85 140 230
85. The table above gives selected values for the function 𝑘𝑘 at selected values of 𝑡𝑡. Which of the
following graphs could represent these data in a semi-log plot, where the vertical axis is
logarithmically scaled?
A. B.
C. D.

B B B B B B B B B
𝒙𝒙 𝒈𝒈(𝒙𝒙)
0 12
1 8
3 5
4 3
6 0.7
86. The table above presents values for a function 𝑔𝑔 at selected values of 𝑥𝑥. An exponential
regression 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏 𝑥𝑥 is used to model these data. The residual in the model when 𝑥𝑥 = 5 is 0.627.
What is 𝑔𝑔(5) ?
A. 1.490 B. 1.535
C. 1.894 D. 2.117
87. Let 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = 2.8 + 4.5 sin 𝑥𝑥 and ℎ 𝑥𝑥 = csc(1.75𝑥𝑥). In the xy-plane, what are the x-coordinates
of the points of intersection of the graphs of 𝑔𝑔 and ℎ for 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 𝜋𝜋 ?
A. 𝑥𝑥 = 0.164 and 𝑥𝑥 = 1.716 B. 𝑥𝑥 = 0.257 and 𝑥𝑥 = 2.885
C. 𝑥𝑥 = 0.374 only D. 𝑥𝑥 = 2.68 only

B B B B B B B B B
END OF SECTION I
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED,

YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON PART B ONLY.
DO NOT GO ON TO SECTION II UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

AP® Precalculus
Semester Exam: Section II

Free-Response Questions
Section II, Part A
Time: 30 minutes
GRAPHING CALCULATOR IS REQUIRED FOR THIS PART OF THE EXAM.
Directions: The following page contains one free response question. While you
may write on the following page, the only work and answers that will
be graded are what you write in the appropriate spaces of the free
reasons answer booklet. When completing the free response
problem, consider the following:
(1) Show all of your work. Your work will be scored on the correctness and
completeness of your responses, including your supporting work and
answers. Answers without supporting work may not receive credit in cases
where supporting work is required.
(2) For the following question, you are expected to use your graphing calculator
for tasks such as producing graphs and tables, evaluating functions, solving
equations, and performing computations.
(3) Avoid rounding intermediate computations on the way to the final result.
Unless otherwise specified, any decimal approximations reported in your
work should be accurate to three places after the decimal point.
(4) It may be helpful to use your graphing calculator to store information such as
computed values for constants, functions you are working with solutions to
equations, and any intermediate values. Computations with the graphing
calculator that use the stored information help to maintain as much precision
as possible and ensure the desired accuracy in final answers.
Free Response Question-1
Calculator Required
𝑥𝑥 1 2 3 4 5
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) −6 −3 4 15 30
1. Let 𝑓𝑓 be an increasing function defined for 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 0. The table gives values of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) at selected
𝑥𝑥 3 +11𝑥𝑥+23
values of 𝑥𝑥. The function 𝑔𝑔 is given by 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥−2
.
A. (i.) The function ℎ is defined by ℎ 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑔𝑔 ∘ 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑔𝑔 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 . Find ℎ(5) as a decimal

approximation.
(ii.) Find the value of 𝑓𝑓 −1 (4), or indicate that it is not defined.
B. (i.) Find all values of x, as decimal approximations, for which 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = 4.

(ii.) Determine the end behavior of 𝑔𝑔 as 𝑥𝑥 decreases without bound. Express your answer
using the mathematical notation of a limit.
C. (i.) Use the table of values of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) to determine if 𝑓𝑓 is best modeled by a linear, quadratic,
exponential, or logarithmic function.
(ii.) Give a reason for your answer based on the relationship between the change in the
output values of 𝑓𝑓 and the change in the input values of 𝑓𝑓.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Answer QUESTION 1 Parts (A) and (B) on this page
𝑥𝑥 1 2 3 4 5
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) −6 −3 4 15 30
Part (A):
(i.)
(ii.)
Part (B):
(i.)
(ii.)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Answer QUESTION 1 Parts (C) on this page
Part (C):
(i.)
(ii.)
Calculator Required
Time, hours 1 2 3 4 5 6
𝑩𝑩(𝒕𝒕) 76 98 120 154 196 248
2. The table above shows the population of a bacteria 𝐵𝐵 𝑡𝑡 present in the blood sample of a patient
prior to prescribing any medication for infection. The number of bacteria present in the sample
was observed over a six-hour period is recorded in the table.
The level of bacteria in the blood sample can be modeled by the function 𝐵𝐵 𝑡𝑡 = 𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏 𝑡𝑡 ,
where 𝐵𝐵(𝑡𝑡) is the population of the bacteria in the blood sample, for any hour, 𝑡𝑡, since the initial
sample reading.
A. (i.) Use the data points 1, 76 and 2, 98 , given in the table, to write two equations that
can be used to find the values for constants 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏 in the expression for 𝐵𝐵(𝑡𝑡).
(ii.) Find the values for 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏.
B. (i.) Use the given data to find the average rate of change of the bacteria in the blood sample
for the time from 𝑡𝑡 = 1 to 𝑡𝑡 = 4 hours. Express your answer as a decimal approximation.
Show the computations that lead to your answer.
(ii.) Interpret the meaning of your answer from (i) in the context of the problem.
(iii.) Consider the average rates of change of 𝐵𝐵 from 𝑡𝑡 = 6 to 𝑡𝑡 = ℎ hours, where ℎ > 6. Are
these average rates of change less than or greater than the average rate of change from
𝑡𝑡 = 1 to 𝑡𝑡 = 4 hours found in (i)? Explain your reasoning.
C. (i.) For which 𝑡𝑡-value, 𝑡𝑡 = 4 hours or 𝑡𝑡 = 12 hours, should medical staff have more confidence
in when using the model 𝐵𝐵(𝑡𝑡)? Give a reason for your answer based on the context of the
problem.

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Answer QUESTION 2 (Parts A) on this page
Time, hours 1 2 3 4 5 6
𝑩𝑩(𝒕𝒕) 76 98 120 154 196 248
Part A:
(i.)
(ii.)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Answer QUESTION 2 Parts (B) and (C) on this page
Part (B):
(i.)
(ii.)
(iii.)
Part (C):
Calculator NOT Allowed
3. The Mu Alpha Theta Spring Break 24 Retreat was

held at Blue Springs State Park in Deland, Florida.
Students took turns splashing into cold spring water
from a rope swing hanging in a large oak tree near
the water’s edge. Becca Braveheart is the first to swing.
At 𝑡𝑡 = 0 , Becca is over the land and is 18 feet from the
water’s edge. Then at 𝑡𝑡 = 4 seconds, Becca is 22 feet
away from the bank and is swinging over the water.
As Becca swings her position from the bank periodically
decreases and increases.
The sinusoidal function 𝑆𝑆 models Becca’s position, in feet,
where a negative position represents how far she is to
the left of the bank , and a positive position represents
how far she is to the right of the bank. The periodic
behavior is marked in the diagram at right.
The graph of 𝑆𝑆(𝑡𝑡) and its dashed midlines for two full cycles is shown. Five points, F, G, H, J, and K
are labeled on the graph. No scale is indicated, and no axes are presented.
A. Determine possible coordinates 𝑡𝑡, 𝑆𝑆 𝑡𝑡 for the five points F, G, H, J, and K .
B. The function 𝑆𝑆 can be written in the form 𝑆𝑆 𝑡𝑡 = 𝑎𝑎 cos 𝑏𝑏 𝑡𝑡 + 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑑 . Find values of the
constants a, b, c, and d.
C. Refer to the graph of S in part (A). The t-coordinate of G is 𝑡𝑡1 , and the t-coordinate of H is 𝑡𝑡2 .
(i.) On the interval (𝑡𝑡1 , 𝑡𝑡2 ), which of the following is true about S?
a. S is positive and increasing.
b. S is positive and decreasing.
c. S is negative and increasing.
d. S is negative and decreasing.
(ii.) Describe how the rate of change of S is changing on the interval (𝑡𝑡1 , 𝑡𝑡2 ).

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Answer QUESTION 3 (Parts A) on this page
Part A:
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Answer QUESTION 3 Parts (B) and (C) on this page
Part (B):
Part (C):
(i.)
(ii.)
Calculator NOT Allowed
• Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function 𝑓𝑓 is assumed to be the set of all real
numbers 𝑥𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) is a real number. Angle measures for trigonometric functions are
assumed to be in radians.
• Solutions to equations must be real numbers. Determine the exact value of any expression that
𝜋𝜋
can be obtained without a calculator. For example, log 2 8 , cos 2 , and sin−1 (1) can be
evaluated without a calculator.
• Unless otherwise specified, combine terms using algebraic methods and rules for exponents
𝑥𝑥 5
and logarithms, where applicable. For example, 2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑥𝑥, 52 � 53 , 𝑥𝑥2 , and ln 3 + ln 5 should be
rewritten in equivalent forms.
• For each part of the question, show the work that leads to your answers.
4. The functions 𝑔𝑔 and ℎ are given by

𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = log 3 (4𝑥𝑥 − 7)
ℎ 𝑥𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥𝑥
A. (i.) Solve 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = 2 for values of x in the domain of 𝑔𝑔.

(ii.) Solve ℎ 𝑥𝑥 = −1 for values of x in the interval [0, 2𝜋𝜋].
B. The functions 𝑗𝑗 and 𝑘𝑘 are given by

𝑗𝑗 𝑥𝑥 = cos 𝑥𝑥 + (sin 𝑥𝑥)(tan 𝑥𝑥)
𝑘𝑘 𝑥𝑥 = ln 𝑥𝑥 − 5 − 2 ln 3 − 3 ln(𝑥𝑥 + 1)
(i.) Rewrite 𝑗𝑗(𝑥𝑥) as an expression in which sec 𝑥𝑥 appears once and no other trigonometric
functions are involved.
(ii.) Rewrite 𝑘𝑘(𝑥𝑥) as a single natural logarithm without negative exponents in any part of the
expression. Your result should be of the form ln(expression) .
C. The function 𝑚𝑚 is given by

𝑚𝑚 𝑥𝑥 = sin 2𝑥𝑥 − 3 cos(𝑥𝑥).
Find all input values in the domain of 𝑚𝑚 that yield an output value of 0.

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Answer QUESTION 4 Parts (A) and (B) on this page
Part A:
(i.)
(ii.)
Part B:
(i.)
(ii.)
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Answer QUESTION 4 Parts (C) on this page
Part (C):
AP Precalculus 2023 Practice Exam 1 (Flamingo Math)
Scoring Worksheet
Section I: Multiple Choice
Part A Number Correct (out of 28 questions) = ____________________

Part B Number Correct (out of 12 questions) = ____________________
Sum = ________________ (out of 40)
Section II: Free Response
Question 1 _______________________ (out of 6 points)
Sum = ______________________ (out of 24)
Composite Score
___________________ + ___________________ = ___________________________

Section I Score Section II Score Composite Score (out of 24)
AP Score Conversion Chart (Predicted)
Composite
AP Score
Score Range
44-64 5
34-43 4
26-33 3
17-25 2
0-16 1

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AP® Precalculus

Mock Exam: Section I

Time: 1 hour, 20 minutes

NO CALCULATOR IS ALLOWED FOR THIS PART OF THE EXAM.

(2) Angle measures for trigonometric functions are assumed to be in radians.

AP Precalculus Mock Exam

Multiple Choice (No Calculator)

(A) (0, 9) only (B) (9, 21)

© 2023 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com

3. Let 𝑓𝑓 be a function with the domain −6 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 12. The function 𝑔𝑔 is defined by

(A) [−11, 35] (B) [−8, 10]

(C) [−6,3] (D) [0, 21]

5. The function 𝑓𝑓 is given by 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 8𝑥𝑥, and the function 𝑔𝑔 is given by

(A) −∞, −4 ∪ (2, 5) (B) −4, 0 ∪ (5, ∞)

(C) −∞, −4 ∪ (0, 2) ∪ (2, 5) (D) −4, 0 ∪ 2, 5 ∪ (5, ∞)

© 2023 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com

(A) 246 (B) 29

(C) 193 (D) 15

© 2023 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com

© 2023 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com

(A) 0.15 𝑥𝑥 + 3 2 (𝑥𝑥 + 5)(𝑥𝑥 − 6)

(B) 0.15 𝑥𝑥 − 3 2 (𝑥𝑥 − 5)(𝑥𝑥 + 6)

(C) 0.15(𝑥𝑥 + 3)(𝑥𝑥 + 5)(𝑥𝑥 − 6)

(D) 0.15(𝑥𝑥 − 3)(𝑥𝑥 − 5)(𝑥𝑥 + 6)

© 2023 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com

(C) log 2 𝑘𝑘 − 3 log 2 𝑤𝑤 + 2 log 2 𝑧𝑧

(D) log 2 (𝑘𝑘 + 3𝑤𝑤) − log 2 (2𝑧𝑧)

(C) 𝑎𝑎 = −3; 𝑛𝑛 = 5 (D) 𝑎𝑎 = −3; 𝑛𝑛 = 4

(A) 𝑘𝑘 is decreasing and the graph of 𝑘𝑘 is concave up.

(B) 𝑘𝑘 is decreasing and the graph of 𝑘𝑘 is concave down.

(C) 𝑘𝑘 is increasing and the graph of 𝑘𝑘 is concave up.

(D) 𝑘𝑘 is increasing and the graph of 𝑘𝑘 is concave down.

© 2023 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com

17. What are all values of 𝑥𝑥 for which ln 𝑥𝑥 − 5 = 2

(A) 𝑥𝑥 = 9 and 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑒𝑒 2 + 5 (B) 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑒𝑒 4 + 5 only

(C) 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑒𝑒 2 + 5 and 𝑥𝑥 = −𝑒𝑒 2 + 5 (D) 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑒𝑒 4

© 2023 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com

© 2023 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com

20. Which is the graph of 𝑓𝑓 𝜃𝜃 = 2 + 4 sin(𝜃𝜃)

© 2023 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com

22. The point 𝑃𝑃 has the polar coordinates −4,

ℎ 𝑥𝑥 = 6𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 + 9 , because this is a multiplicative transformation of 𝑓𝑓 that results from

𝑘𝑘 𝑥𝑥 = 18𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 + 3, because this is a multiplicative transformation of 𝑓𝑓 that results from

𝑤𝑤 𝑥𝑥 = 2 𝑥𝑥 + 3 2 − 4 𝑥𝑥 + 3 + 3, because this is an additive transformation of 𝑓𝑓 that results

© 2023 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com

© 2023 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com

© 2023 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com

explanation statements about the graph of 𝑅𝑅 is true?

© 2023 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com

Semester Exam: Section I

GRAPHING CALCULATOR IS REQUIRED FOR THIS PART OF THE EXAM.

YOU MAY NOT RETURN TO QUESTIONS NUMBERED 1-28.

AP Precalculus Mock Exam

Multiple Choice (Calculator)

𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) 1.423 23.472 121.859 362.144 547.235

(A) 82.731 (B) 121.859

(C) 123.404 (D) 126.100

(A) 176.922 (B) 205.031

(C) 283.073 (D) 307.547

© 2023 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com

(A) The minimum height of the tide is 3.5 feet.

(B) The minimum height of the time occurs at 𝑡𝑡 = 12 hours.

(C) The maximum height of the tide is 12.4 feet

_________ + _ = ___________________