Class 12 - Applied Mathematics

Sample Paper - 04 (2022-23)

Maximum Marks: 80

Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

1. This question paper contains five sections A, B, C, D and E. Each section is compulsory.
2. Section - A carries 20 marks weightage, Section - B carries 10 marks weightage, Section - C carries 18 marks weightage,
Section - D carries 20 marks weightage and Section - E carries 3 case-based with total weightage of 12 marks.
3. Section – A: It comprises of 20 MCQs of 1 mark each.
4. Section – B: It comprises of 5 VSA type questions of 2 marks each.
5. Section – C: It comprises of 6 SA type of questions of 3 marks each.
6. Section – D: It comprises of 4 LA type of questions of 5 marks each.
7. Section – E: It has 3 case studies. Each case study comprises of 3 case-based questions, where 2 VSA type questions are of
1 mark each and 1 SA type question is of 2 marks. Internal choice is provided in 2 marks question in each case-study.
8. Internal choice is provided in 2 questions in Section - B, 2 questions in Section – C, 2 questions in Section - D. You have to
attempt only one of the alternatives in all such questions.

Section A
1. Which of the following is not true?
i. Every skew-symmetric matrix of odd order is non-singular
ii. If determinant of a square matrix is non-zero, then it is non singular
iii. Adjoint of symmetric matrix is symmetric
iv. Adjoint of a diagonal matrix is diagonal
a) Option (iv)
b) Option (i)
c) Option (ii)
d) Option (iii)
2. Inferential statistics is a process that involves all of the following except
a) test a hypothesis
b) analyse relationships
c) estimating a statistic
d) estimating a parameter
3. The present value of a sequence of payments of ₹ 800 made at the end of every 6 month and continuing forever if money
is worth 4% p.a. compounded semi-annually, is:
a) ₹80000
b) ₹60000
c) ₹40000
d) ₹20000
4. Linear programming of linear functions deals with:
a) Minimizing
b) Optimizing
c) Maximizing
 d) None of these
5. If A is a square matrix of order 3, such that A(adjA) = 10I, then |adj A| is equal to
a) 100
b) 1000
c) 10
d) 1
6. Let X denote the number of times heads occur in n tosses of a fair coin. If P (X = 4), P (X = 5) and P (X = 6) are in AP;
the value of n is
a) 7, 14
b) 10, 14
c) 12, 7
d) 14, 12
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7. If in a trial the probability of success is twice the probability of failure, the probability of at least four successes in six
trials is
a) 600

729

b) 400

729

c) 496

729

d) 500

729
dy
8. The integrating factor of the differential equation (x log x)   + y = 2 log x, is given by:
dx

a) x
b) log (log x)
c) x2
d) log x
9. In a 100 m race, A can give B a start of 10 m and C a start of 28 m. How much start can B give to C in the same race?
a) 27 m
b) 20 m
c) 9 m
d) 18 m
10. If A is a matrix of order 3 and |A| = 8, then |adj A| =
a) 1
b) 23
c) 26
d) 2
11. If x ≡ 4 (mod 7), then positive values of x are
a) {4, 8, 12, ...}
b) {4, 11, 18, ...}
c) {11, 18, 25, ...}
d) {1, 8, 15, ...}
12. If |x + 3| ≥  10, then
a) x ∈ (−∞, −13] ∪ [7, ∞)
b) x ∈  (-13, 7]
c) x ∈ (−∞, −13) ∪ (7, ∞)
 d) x ∈  (-13, 7)
13. In a 100 m race A and B are two participants. If A runs at 5 kilometer per hour and A gives B a start of 8 m and still
beats him by 8 seconds, then the speed of B is:
a) 5.15 km/hr
b) 4.4 km/hr
c) 4.14 km/hr
d) 4.25 km/hr
14. Which of the following statements is correct?
a) If a LPP admits two optimal solutions it has an infinite number of optimal solutions.
b) A LPP admits unique optimal solution.
c) The set of all feasible solutions of a LPP is not a converse set.
d) Every LPP admits an optimal solution.
15. The graph of the inequality 2x + 3y > 6 is
a) half plane that contains the origin
b) half plane that neither contains origin nor the points of the line 2x + 3y = 6
c) whole XOY-plane excluding the points on the line 2x + 3y = 6
d) entire XOY-plane.
16. A Type I error is also known as a ________.
a) Double negative
b) False negative
c) False positive
d) Positive negative
−−−−−
= a(1 + x2)3/2 + b√1 + x + C, then
3

17. ∫ x
dx
2

√1+x2

a) a = 1

3
, b = -1
b) a = −
1

3
, b = -1
c) a = −
1

3
,b=1
d) a = 1

3
,b=1
18. A set of observations recorded at an equal interval of time is called.
a) Time series data
b) Data
c) Array data
d) Geometric Series
5 −1 2 1 2 1 5 −1
19. Assertion (A): [ ][ ] = [ ][ ]
6 7 3 4 3 4 6 7

1 2 3 −1 1 0 −1 1 0 1 2 3
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤
Reason (R): ⎢ 0 1 0⎥⎢ 0 −1 1⎥ ≠ ⎢ 0 −1 1⎥⎢0 1 0⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
1 1 0 2 3 4 2 3 4 1 1 0

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
20. Assertion (A): The rate of change of area of a circle with respect to its radius r when r = 6 cm is 12π cm2/cm.
Reason (R): Rate of change of area of a circle with respect to its radius r is , where A is the area of the circle.
dA

dr

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
 d) A is false but R is true.
Section B
21. Define secular trend and seasonal variations.
22. Mr. Dinesh has two investment options either 10% per annum compounded semiannually or 9.8% per annum
compounded quarterly. Which option is better for Mr. Dinesh? Given (1.0245)4 - 1.1017.
b b

23. If ∫  x3 dx = 0 and if ∫  x2 dx =  , find a and b.

2

3
a a

24. Write the minors and cofactors of each element of the first column of the given matrix and hence evaluate the
1 −3 2
⎡ ⎤

determinant: A = ⎢4 −1 2⎥

⎣ ⎦
3 5 2

OR

A firm produces two products P1 and P2 passing through two machines M1 and M2 before completion, M1 can produce
either 8 units of P1 or 10 units of P2 per hour. M2 can produce 12 units of either product per hour. Using determinants,
determine: Production of P1 and P2 if time available on two machines is 33 hours and 25 hours respectively.
25. In what ratio must water be mixed with milk to gain 20% by selling the mixture at cost price?
Section C
26. Riya invested ₹ 20,000 in a mutual fund in year 2016. The value of mutual fund increased to ₹ 32,000 in year 2021.
Calculate the compound annual growth rate of her investment. [Given, log(1.6) = 0.2041, antilog (0.04082) = 1.098]
27. Suppose when x units of a commodity are produced, the demand is p = 45 - x2 rupees per unit, and the marginal cost is
MC = 6 + x , Assume there is no overhead i.e. C(0) = 0. Find:
1

4
2

i. the total revenue and the marginal revenue.

ii. the value of x (to the nearest unit) that maximizes profit.
iii. the consumer's surplus at the value of x where profit is maximized (use the exact value of x).
28. It is known that, if the interest is compounded continuously, the principal changes at the rate equal to the product of the
rate of bank interest per annum and the principal.
i. If the interest is compounded continuously at 5% per annum, in how many years will ₹ 100 double itself?
ii. At what interest rate will ₹ 100 double itself in 10 years ?(loge 2 = 0.6931)

iii. How much will ₹ 1000 be worth at 5% interest after 10 years? (e0.5 = 1.648)

OR

The rate at which radioactive substances decay is known to be proportional to the number of such nuclei that are present
at the time in a given sample. If 100 grams of a radioactive substance is present 1 year after the substance was produced
and 75 grams is present 2 years after the substance was produced, how much radioactive substance was produced?
29. Two numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from positive integers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Let X denote the
larger of the two numbers obtained. Find the mean and variance of the probability distribution of X.

OR

If the heights of 300 students are normally distributed with mean 68.0 inches and standard deviation 3.0 inches, how
many students have heights
i. greater than 72 inches
ii. less than equal to 64 inches
iii. between 65 and 71 inches inclusive.
30. Consider the following data:
Year: 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Production: 137 140 134 137 151 121 124 159 157 169 172 150
Calculate a suitable moving average and show on a graph against the original data.
31. A machinist is making engine parts with axle diameter of 0.7 inch. A random sample of 10 parts shows mean diameter
0.742 inch with a standard deviation of 0.04 inch. On the basis of this sample, would you say that the work is inferior?
(Given t9 (0.05) = 2.262)
Section D
32. A dealer wishes to purchase a number of fans and sewing machines. He has only ₹ 5760.00 to invest and has space for at
most 20 items. A fan costs him ₹ 360.00 and a sewing machine ₹ 240.00. His expectation is that he can sell a fan at a
profit of ₹ 22.00 and a sewing machine at a profit of ₹ 18.00. Assuming that he can sell all the items that he can buy,
how should he invest his money in order to maximize his profit? Translate this problem mathematically and then solve it.

OR

A small firm manufactures necklaces and bracelets that it can handle per day is at most 24. It takes one hour to make a
bracelet and half an hour to make necklace. The maximum number of hours available per day is 16. If the profit on a
necklace is ₹100 and that on a bracelet is ₹300. Formulate an LPP for finding how many of each should be produced
daily to maximize the profit? It is being given that at least one of each must be produced.
33. The lifetimes of certain kinds of electronic devices have a mean of 300 hours and a standard deviation of 25 hours.
Assuming that the distribution of these lifetimes, which are measured to the nearest hour, can be approximated closely
with a normal curve,
i. find the probability that any one of these electronic devices will have a lifetime of more than 350 hours.
ii. what percentage will have lifetime of 300 hours or less?
iii. what percentage will have lifetimes from 220 to 260 hours?

OR

If the diameters of ball bearings are normally distributed with mean 0.6140 inches and standard deviation of 0.0025
inches, determine the percentage of ball bearings with diameters
i. between 0.610 and 0.618 inches inclusive
ii. greater than 0.617 inches
iii. less than 0.608 inches
iv. equal to 0.615 inches.
34. Exhibit graphically the solution set of the linear inequations:
x + y ≤  5, 4x + y ≥  4, x + 5y ≥  5, x ≤  4, y ≤  3
35. Rohit buys a car for which he makes down payment of ₹150,000 and the balance is to be paid in 2 years by monthly
installment of ₹25,448 each. If the financer charges interest at the rate of 20% p.a, find the actual price of the car.
−24

(Given ( 61

60
)  = 0.6725335725)
Section E
36. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A piece of wire of length 25 cm is to be cut into pieces one of which is to bent into the form of a square and other into
 the form of a circle.

i. What is the total area of the square and circle?

ii. What is the relation between r and y?
iii. If we consider total length of wire then what is the relation between x and y?

OR

When dA

dy
= 0, then find the value of y.
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37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The nominal rate of return shows the yield of an investment over time without accounting for negative elements such as
inflation or taxes. By calculating the nominal rate of return, you can compare the performance of your assets easily,
regardless of the inflation rate or differing spans of time for each investment. By obtaining a bird’s-eye view of how your
assets are growing, you can make more prudent investment decisions in the future.
i. A man invests a sum of money in ₹100 shares paying 15% dividend quoted at 20% premium. If his annual
dividend is ₹540, calculate the rate of return on his investment.

OR

Mr. Satya holds 1500, ₹100 shares of a company paying 15% dividend annually quoted at 30% premium.
Calculate rate of return on his investment.
ii. ₹100 shares of a company are sold at a discount of ₹ 20. If the return on the investment is 15%, find the rate of
dividend declared.
iii. A company declared a dividend of 14%. Find the market value of ₹50 shares, if the return on the investment
was 10%.
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A trust fund has ₹ 35000 that must be invested in two different types of bonds, say X and Y. The first bond pays 10%
interest p.a. which will be given to an old age home and second one pays 8% interest p.a. which will be given to WWA
(Women Welfare Association). Let A be a 1 ×  2 matrix and B be a 2 ×  1 matrix, representing the investment and
interest rate on each bond respectively.
 i. If ₹ 15000 is invested in bond X, then find investment and interest rate in matrix form?
ii. If ₹ 15000 is invested in bond X, then find the total amount of interest received on both bonds?
iii. If the trust fund obtains an annual total interest of ₹ 3200, then find the investment in two bonds?

OR

What will be the total amount of interest received on both bonds? 

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Class 12 - Applied Mathematics

Sample Paper - 04 (2022-23)

Solution

Section A
1. (b) Option (i)

Explanation: Every skew-symmetric matrix of odd order is non-singular

2. (c) estimating a statistic

Explanation: estimating a statistic

3. (c) ₹40000

Explanation: ₹40000
4. (b) Optimizing

Explanation: Optimizing
5. (a) 100

Explanation: A(adjA) = |A|I

|A|I = 10I

|A| = 10

Now, |adj A| = |A|n−1

So, |adj A| = |A|3−1

|adj A| = 102 = 100

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6. (a) 7, 14

Explanation: Here, p = 1

2
and q =
1

Binomial distribution is given by

r n−r
P(X = r) =

n 1 1
Cr ( ) ( )
2 2

P(X = 4), P(X = 5), P(X = 6) are in A.P.

nC + nC6 = 2nC5

∴ 4
n(n−1)(n−2)(n−3) n(n−1)(n−2)(n−3)(n−4)(n−5) n(n−1)(n−2)(n−3)(n−4)
⇒ + =
5!

2(4!) 2(6!)

By simplifying, we get

(n−4)(n−5)

1 n−4
+ =
2 2(30) 5

Taking LCM as 60, we get

30 + n2 - 9q + 20 = 12n - 48

⇒ n2 - 21n + 98 = 0

⇒ (n - 7)(n - 14) = 0

⇒ n = 7, 14
7. (c)

496

729

Explanation: Let the probability of success and failure be p and q, respectively

Then, p = 2q and p + q = 1

⇒  3q = 1

⇒  q = 
1

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Therefore, p = 1 -  1

3
=
2

Required probability = P(Four success) + P(Five success) + P(Six success)

= 6C4 ( 2

3
) (
4 1

3
2
)  + 6C5( 2

3
) (
6 1

3
) + 6C6( 2

3
)
6

=  240

729
+
192

729
+
64

729

= 
496

729

8. (d) log x

dy y
Explanation: Given equation can be written as 

2
+ =
dx x log x x

 = elog (log x) = log x

∫ dx
Therefore, I.F. = e x log x

9. (b) 20 m

Explanation: A : B = 100 : 90

A : C = 100 : 72

B : C =  × = B A 90

100
×
100

72
=
90

72

A C

When B runs 90 m, C runs 72 m.

When B runs 100 m, C runs ( m = 80 m.

72
× 100)
90

∴  B can give C 20 m.
10. (c) 26

Explanation: |A| = d

|adj A| = |A|n - 1

Here, n = 3, |A| = 8

|adj A| = 82

|adj A| = (23)2 = 26
11. (b) {4, 11, 18, ...}

Explanation: {4, 11, 18, ...}

12. (a) x ∈ (−∞, −13] ∪ [7, ∞)

Explanation: |x + 3| ≥  10

x + 3 ≤  -10 and x + 3 ≥  10

⇒  x ≤  -13 and x ≥  7

 
⇒ x ∈ (−∞, −13][7, ∞)

13. (c) 4.14 km/hr

Explanation: A's Speed =   Distance 

 Time Travelled 

 A's Speed = 5 kmph = 

100 m
⇒
 Time Travelled 

⇒  Total time taken by A to complete 100m =  100

5×1000
seconds = 72 seconds

( )
3600

(100−8)

 Distance Travelled by B

⇒  B's Speed =   =  1000

(7+−8)
kmph =  92×36

800
kmph = 4.14 kmph
 Time T aken byB 

3600

14. (a) If a LPP admits two optimal solutions it has an infinite number of optimal solutions.

Explanation: It is known that the optimal solution of an LPP either exists uniquely, does not exist or exists infinitely.

So, If an LPP admits two optimal solution it has an infinite number of optimal solutions.
15. (b) half plane that neither contains origin nor the points of the line 2x + 3y = 6

Explanation: half plane that neither contains origin nor the points of the line 2x + 3y = 6
16. (c) False positive

Explanation: False positive

17. (a) a = , b = -1

3
3
2 −−−−−
Explanation: Given ∫ x dx

2
= a(1 + x )
2 2 2
+ b√1 + x + C ...(i)

√1+x

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Put 1 + x2 = t

⇒ 2xdx = dt

3 2

x dx x ⋅xdx
⇒ ∫ = ∫
2
√1+x √1+x2

(t−1)dt
=
1

2
∫

√t

(t−1)dt
=
1

2
∫

√t

1 tdt 1 dt
= ∫ − ∫
2 √t 2 √t

=
1

2
(∫ √tdt − ∫ (
1
) dt)

√t

=
1

2
(∫ √tdt − ∫ (
1
) dt)

√t
2

1 2
= ( t 3
− 2√t + C1 )
2 3

= (
1

3
t 3
− √t + C )

2
−−−−−
=
1

3
(1 + x )
2 3 2
− √1 + x + C ...(ii)

Comparing (i) and (ii)

a =
1

3
and b = -1
18. (a) Time series data

Explanation: A time series is a set of observations taken at specified times, usually at equal intervals.
19. (d) A is false but R is true.

5 −1 2 1 10 − 3 5− 4 7 1
Explanation: Assertion: [ ][ ] = [ ] = [ ]

6 7 3 4 12 + 21 6 + 28 33 34

2 1 5 −1 10 + 6 −2 + 7 16 5
[ ][ ] = [ ] = [ ]

3 4 6 7 15 + 24 −3 + 28 39 25

5 −1 2 1 2 1 5 −1
Hence, [ ][ ] ≠ [ ][ ]

6 7 3 4 3 4 6 7

1 2 3 −1 1 0
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤
Reason: Here, ⎢ 0 1 0⎥⎢ 0 −1 1⎥

⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
1 1 0 2 3 4

−1 + 0 + 6 1− 2+ 9 0 + 2 + 12
⎡ ⎤

= ⎢ 0+ 0+ 0 0 + (−1) + 0 0+ 1+ 0 ⎥

⎣ ⎦
−1 + 0 + 0 1− 1+ 0 0+ 1+ 0

5 8 14
⎡ ⎤

= ⎢ 0 −1 1 ⎥

⎣ ⎦
−1 0 1

−1 1 0 1 2 3
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤
and ⎢ 0 −1 1⎥⎢0 1 0⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
2 3 4 1 1 0

−1 + 0 + 0 −2 + 1 + 0 −3 + 0 + 0
⎡ ⎤

= ⎢ 0+ 0+ 1 0− 1+ 1 0+ 0+ 0 ⎥

⎣ ⎦
2+ 0+ 4 4+ 3+ 4 6+ 0+ 0

−1 −1 −3
⎡ ⎤

= ⎢ 1 0 0 ⎥

⎣ ⎦
6 11 6

1 2 3 −1 1 0 −1 1 0 1 2 3
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤
Hence, ⎢ 0 1 0⎥⎢ 0 −1 1⎥ ≠ ⎢ 0 −1 1⎥⎢0 1 0⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
1 1 0 2 3 4 2 3 4 1 1 0

20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

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Section B
21. Secular Trend: It is a general tendency, of time series to increase or decrease or stagnate during a long period of time.
An upward tendency is usually observed in the population of a country, production, sales, prices in industries, the income
of individuals, etc., A downward tendency is observed in deaths, epidemics, prices of electronic gadgets, water sources,
mortality rate etc.

Seasonal Variations: Seasonal variations refer to the changes that take place due to the rhythmic forces which operate in
a regular and periodic manner. These forces usually have the same or most similar pattern year after year. When we
record data weekly, monthly or quarterly, we can see and calculate seasonal variations. Thus, when a time series consists
of data only based on annual figures, there will be seen no seasonal variations. These variations may be due to seasons,
weather conditions, habits, customs or traditions. For example, selling of umbrellas and raincoats in the rainy season,
sales of cold drinks in the summer season, crackers in the Deepawali season, purchase of dresses in a festival season,
sugarcane in Pongal season.
22. First option: Given r = 10% p.a.

p = 2 half years.

So, effective rate (per rupee) = (1 +  - 1 = (1.05)2 - 1

10
)
200

= 1.1025 - 1 = 0.1025 or 10.25%

Thus, effective rate = (0.1025) ×  100% = 10.25%

Second option: Given r = 9.8 % p.a., p = 4 quarters

So, effective rate (per rupee) = (1 +  - 1 = (1.0245)4 - 1

9.8
)
400

= 1.1017 - 1 = 0.1017

Thus, effective rate = 0.1017 ×  100% = 10.17%

Hence, the first option is better for Mr. Dinesh.

23. We have,

∫  x3 dx = 0

a
b
4

⇒ [
x
]  = 0

4
a

 (b4 - a4) = 0

1
⇒
4

⇒  b4 - a4 = 0 ⇒ (b2 - a2) (b2 + a2) = 0 ⇒ b2 - a2 = 0 ⇒ b = - a [∵  b ≠  a]

Now, ∫  x2 dx = 
2

3
a

3
b

x 2
⇒ ( ) =
3 3
a

⇒
1

3
 (b3 - a3) = 
2

3 3
⇒  b  - a  = 2 ⇒ (-a)3 - a3 = 2

⇒  -2a3 = 2 ⇒ a3 = -1 ⇒ a = -1

∴ b = -a ⇒ b = 1

Hence, a = -1 and b = 1
24. Let Mij and Cij represents the minor and co-factor of an element, where i represents the row and j represents the column.

Then the minor of the matrix can be obtained for a particular element by removing the row and column where the
element is present. Then finding the absolute value of the matrix newly formed.

Also, Cij = (-1)i+j × Mij

1 −3 2
⎡ ⎤

Given: A = ⎢4 −1 2⎥

⎣ ⎦
3 5 2

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−1 2
⇒ M11 = [ ]

5 2

M11 = -1 × 2 - 5 × 2

M11 = -12

−3 2
⇒ M21 = [ ]

5 2

M21 = -3 × 2 - 5 × 2

M21 = -16

−3 2
⇒ M31 = [ ]

−1 2

M31 = -3 × 2 - (-1) × 2

M31 = -4

C11 = (-1)1+1 × M11 = 1 × -12 = -12

C21 = (-1)2+1 × M21 = -1 × -16 = 16

C31 = (-1)3+1 × M31 = 1 × -4 = -4

Now expanding along the first column we get

|A| = a11 × C11 + a21 × C21 + a31 × C31

= 1 × (-12) + 4 × 16 + 3 × (-4)

= -12 + 64 -12

= 40

OR

Suppose x units of product P1 and y units of product P2 are produced in the time available.

y
or, 5x + 4y = 1320

x
+ = 33
8 10
y
x

12
+
12
= 25 or, x + y = 300

For this system of equations, we obtain

∣5 4∣ ∣ 1320 4∣
D = ∣ ∣ = 5 - 4 = 1; D 1 = ∣ ∣ = 1320 - 1200 = 120

∣1 1∣ ∣ 300 1∣

∣5 1320 ∣
and, D 2
= ∣ ∣ = 1500 - 1320 = 180

∣1 300 ∣

Using Cramer's rule, we obtain

D1 D2
,y=

120 180
x = = = 120 = = 180
D 1 D 1

Hence, 120 units of product P1 and 180 units of product P2 are produced in the given time.
25. Let the C.P. of milk be ₹ x per litre. Then, S.P. of the mixture is also ₹ x per litre. It is given that: Gain = 20%

 S.P =  C.P.  (1 +

 Gain 
∴ )
100

 x =  C.P.  (1 +

20
⇒ )
100

⇒  x =  6

5
C. P

 C.P = 

5x
⇒
6

So, the C.P. of mixture is 

5x

The alligation grid is as given below.

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Using alligation rule, we obtain

 Quantity of milk  5x/6

5
= =
 Quantity of water  x/6 1

Hence, milk and water are in the ratio 5 : 1

Section C
26. Given beginning value of investment = ₹ 20,000

Final value of the investment = ₹ 32,000 No. of years = 5

So, CAGR = (  End Value 

) − 1

 Beginning Value 
1

=( 32000

) − 1
20000

= (1.6) 5
− 1

x = (1.6)
5

Let,

Taking log both sides, we get

log x =  log(1.6)
1

⇒  log x = 1
× 0.2041

⇒ log x = 0.04082

⇒ x = antilog (0.04802)

= 1.098

CAGR = 1.098 - 1 = 0.098

= 9.8%
27. i. Let R be the total revenue. Then,

R = px

⇒  R = (45 - x2)x

 R = 45x - x3 and   = 45 - 3x2

dR
⇒
dx

⇒  R = 45x - x2, and MR = 45 - 3x2

ii. Let P be the profit function. Then,

dP

dx
 = MR - MC

   = 45 - 3x2) - (6 +

dP 1 2
⇒ x )
dx 4
2

   = 39 -   and   = −

dP 13 2 d P 13
⇒ x x
dx 4 dx
2 2

For maximum profit, we must have

 = 0 ⇒ x2 = 12 ⇒ x = 2√3  = 3.46 ≃ 3.5

–
 = 0 ⇒ 39 - 
dP 13 2
x
dx 4
2

Clearly, (  = −  < 0

d P 13
) × 3.5
dx
2 2
x=35

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Hence, P is maximum when x = 3.5. Putting x = 2√3   in p = 45 - x2, we obtain p = 45 - 12 = 33. Thus, we obtain p0
–

–
= 33 and x0 = 2√3 .
–
iii. The consumer's surplus at x0 = 2√3 is given by

x0

CS =  ∫ pdx − p0 x0

2√3
–
⇒  CS =  ∫
2
(45 − x ) dx − 33 × 2√3

2√3
3
– – – – –
⇒  CS = [45x − x

3
] − 66√3  = (90√3 − 8√3 − 66√3)  = 16√3

0
– –
Hence, the consumer's surplus at x0 = 2√3  is ₹ 16√3 ≈  ₹ 28
28. If P denotes the principal at any time t and the rate of interest be r % per annum compounded continuously, then
according to the law given in the problem, we get

dP
=
Pr

dt 100

dP r
⇒ = dt
P 100

⇒ ∫
P
1
dP =
r

100
∫ dt

⇒  log P =  rt
 + C ...(i)

100

Let P0 be the initial principal i.e. at t = 0, P = P0

Putting P = P0 in (i), we get

log P0 = C

Putting C = log P0 in (i), we get

log P =  rt

100
 + log P0

 ...(ii)
P rt
⇒ log( ) =
P0 100

i. In this case, we have

r = 5, P0 = ₹ 100 and P = ₹ 200 = 2P0

Substituting these values in (ii), we have

log 2 =  100
5
t ⇒  t = 20 loge 2 = 20 ×  0.6931 years = 13.862 years.
ii. In this case, we have

P0 = ₹ 100, P = ₹ 200 = 2P0 and t = 10 years.

Substituting these values in (ii), we get

log 2 =  10r

100
t ⇒  r = 10 log 2 = 10 ×  0.6931 = 6.931

Hence, r = 6.931% per annum.

iii. In this case, we have

P0 = ₹ 1000, r = 5 and t = 10

Substituting these values in (ii), we get

log(  = e0.5 ⇒ P = 1000 ×  1.648 = 1648

P 5×10 1 P
) = = = 0.5 ⇒
1000 100 2 1000

P = ₹ 1648

OR

Let us assume that N0 grams of radioactive substance was produced and at any time t, N grams of substance is present.
Therefore, the rate of decay of the radioactive substance is given by  dN
.

dt

We are given  that 

dN
∝ N
dt

⇒
dN
= −λN , where, λ  > 0 is a constant 

dt

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dN
⇒ = −λdt
N

⇒ ∫
N
1
dN = −λ ∫ dt

⇒  log N = -λ t + C ...(i)

At t = 0, we have N = N0. Put t = 0 and N = N0 in (i), we get

log N0 = 0 + C ⇒ C = log N0

Put C = log N0 in (i), we get

log N = -λ t + log N0

⇒ log
N
= −λt  ...(ii)

Nθ

It is given that after 1 years 100 grams of radioactive substance was present, i.e. at t = 1. Putting t = 1 and N = 100 in (ii),
we get

 ...(iii)

100
log( ) = −λ
N0

After 2 years, 75 grams of radioactive substances was present i.e. at t = 2, N = 75 grams. Putting N = 75 grams and t = 2
in (ii), we get

 ...(iv)

75
log( ) = −2λ
N0

Eliminating λ  from (iii) and (iv), we have,

75 100
log( ) = 2 log( )
N0 N0

2 2 2

 = (

75 100 75 100 100 400

log( ) = log ( ) ⇒ ) ⇒ N0 = ⇒ N0 = grams
N0 N0 N0 N0 75 3

Therefore, 400

3
 grams of radioactive substance was produced.
29. Two numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from positive integers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Let X denote the
larger of the two numbers obtained. We have to find the mean and variance of the probability distribution of X.

Given, X denotes larger of the two numbers obtained.

Obviously, X can values 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.

Now,

P(X = 3) = P [getting 3 and a number is less than 3]

1 1
C1 × C1
=
6
=
1

15

C2

P(X = 4) = P [getting 4 and a number less than 4]

1 2
C1 × C1
=
6
=
2

C2 15

P(X = 5) = P [getting 5 and a number less than 5]

1 3
C1 × C1

3
= =
6
C2 15

P(X = 6) = P [getting 6 and a number less than 6]

1 4
C1 × C1
=
6
=
4

C2 15

P(X = 7) = P [gettig 7 and a number less than 7]

1 5
C1 × C1

5
= =
6
C2 15

Therefore, required probability distribution is as follows

X 3 4 5 6 7
P(X) 15
1 2

15
3

15
4

15
5

15

∴  Required mean = μ = ∑ Xi Pi

= 3×
1

15
+ 4×
15
2
+ 5×
3

15
+ 6×
15
4
+ 7×
5

15
 =  17

V ariance = ∑ x pi − μ
2
i
2

= (9 ×
1

15
+ 16 ×
2

15
+ 25 ×
3

15
+ 36 ×
4

15
+49 ×
5

15
) − (
17

3
)

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9 32 75 144 245 289

= ( + + + + ) −
15 15 15 15 15 9

505 289 101 289 303−289 14

= − = − = =
15 9 3 9 9 9

OR

Let X denote the height. It is given that X is a normal variate with mean μ  = 68.0 inches and standard deviation σ =
X−μ
3.0 inches. Let Z be the standard normal variate. Then, Z =  Z = 
X−68
⇒
σ 3

i. X = 72 ⇒ Z  = 1.33

72−68 4
= =
3 3

∴  P(X > 72)

= P(X > 1.33) = 0.5 - P(0 ≤ X ≤ 1.33) = 05 - 0.4082 = 0.0918

Thus, the number of students having heights greater than 72 inches

= 300 ×  P(X > 72)

= 300 × 0.0918

= 27.54

Hence, there are 27 students whose height is greater than 72 inches.

64−68
ii. X = 64 ⇒ Z  = -1.33

4
= = −
3 3

∴  P(X ≤ 64)

= P(Z ≤  -1.33)

= P(Z ≥ 1.33)

= 0.0918. [See (i)]

Thus, the number of students having heights less than or equal to 64 inches = 300 × 0.0918

= 2754.

Hence, there are 27 students whose height is less than or equal to 64 inches.
iii. X = 65 ⇒ Z  = -1 and, X = 71 ⇒ Z  = 1

65−68 71−68
= =
3 3

P(65 ≤ X ≤ 71)

= P(-1 ≤ Z ≤  1)

= 2 ×  P(0 ≤ Z ≤ 1)

= 2 ×  0.3413

= 0.6826

Thus, the number of students having heights between 65 and 71 inches

= 300 ×  P(65 ≤  X ≤  71) = 300 ×  0.6826 = 204.78

Hence, 205 students have their heights between 65 and 71 inches.

30. In order to find which moving average will be appropriate, we will have to estimate the length of the cycle of the above
data. We observe that the data has the pattern (137, 140, 134), (137, 151, 121), (124, 159, 157), (169, 172, 150). Thus,
we have cycle length of 3. So, we will calculate 3 yearly moving averages as shown in the following table.

Calculation of 3-yearly moving averages

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Year Production 3-yearly moving totals 3-yearly moving averages

2003 137 - -

2004 140 411 137.00

2005 134 411 137.00

2006 137 422 140.67

2007 151 409 136.33

2008 121 396 132.00

2009 124 404 134.67

2010 159 440 146.67

2011 157 485 161.67

2012 169 498 166.00

2013 172 491 163.67

2014 150 - -
These moving averages and the original data are plotted on the graph paper to obtain the following graph.

31. It is given that:

μ  = Population mean = 0.7, X

¯
 = Sample mean = 0.742

n = Sample size = 10 and, s = Sample standard deviation = 0.04

We define,

Null Hypothesis H0: There is no significant difference between the sample mean X

¯
and the population mean μ or, the
product is not inferior. Alternate hypothesis H1: The difference between the sample mean X
¯
 and the population mean μ
is. significant i.e. μ ≠ ¯
X  or the product is inferior.

Let t be the test statistic given by

¯ ¯
X −μ (X −μ)√n−1
t= s
or, t =  s

√n−1

(0.742−0.7) −−−−−
 = 3.15

0.042 126
⇒ t = √10 − 1 = × 3 =
0.04 0.04 40

The test statistic 't' follows Student's t -distribution with (10 - 1) = 9 degrees of freedom. We shall now compare this
calculated value with the tabulated value of t for 9 degrees of freedom and at a certain level of significance. It is given
that t9(0.05) = 2.262

We observe that

|t| = 3.15 > 2.262 = t9(0.05)

i.e. Calculated |t| > Tabulated t9(0.05)

So, the null hypothesis is rejected at 5% level of significance or the alternative hypothesis is accepted at 5% level of
significance. Hence, the sample mean X
¯
differs significantly from the population mean μ  i.e. the work is inferior.
Section D

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32. Suppose the dealer buys x fans and y sewing machines. Since the dealer has space for at most 20 items. Therefore,

x + y ≤  20

A fan costs ₹ 360 and a sewing machine costs ₹ 240. Therefore, total cost of x fans and y sewing machines is ₹ (360x +
240y). But the dealer has only ₹ 5760 to invest. Therefore,

360x + 240y ≤  5760

Since the dealer can sell all the items that he can buy and the profit on a fan is of ₹ 22 and on a sewing machine, the
profit is of ₹18. Therefore, total profit on selling x fans and y sewing machines is of ₹(22x + 18y).

Let Z denote the total profit. Then, Z = 22x + 18y.

Clearly, x, y ≥  0

Thus, the mathematical formulation of the given problem is

Maximize Z = 22x + 18y

Subject to

x + y ≤ 20

360x + 240y ≤  5760

and, x ≥  0, y ≥  0

To solve this LPP graphically, we first convert the inequations into equations and draw the corresponding lines. The
feasible region of the LPP is shaded in Figure. The corner points of the feasible region OA2 PB1 are O (0, 0), A2 (16, 0),
P (8,12) and B1 (0, 20)

These points have been obtained by solving the corresponding intersecting lines, simultaneously.

The values of the objective function Z at corner points of the feasible region are given in the following table.
Point (x, y) Value of the objective function Z = 22x + 18y
O(0, 0) Z =22 ×  0 + 18 × 0 = 0

A2(16, 0) Z = 22 × 16 + 18 × 0 = 352

P(8, 12) Z = 22 × 8 + 18 × 12 = 392

B1(0, 20) Z = 22 × 0 + 20 × 18 = 360

Clearly, Z is maximum at x = 8 and y = 12. The maximum value of Z is 392

Hence, the dealer should purchase 8 fans and 12 sewing machines to obtain the maximum profit under given conditions.

OR

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Let the number of necklaces manufactured be x and y be the number of bracelets manufactured.

As the total number of items are at most 24;

∴ x + y ≤ 24 ...(i)

Necklaces takes half an hour and Bracelets take 1 hour to manufacture.

 x items take hours and y items take y hours to manufacture and the total time available is 16 hours.

x
⇒
2

∴
x

2
 + y ≤  16

∴  x + 2y ≤  32 ...(ii)

The profit of one necklace is ₹100 and that of the bracelet is ₹300

Let the profit be z

∴  Z = 100x + 300y ...(iii)

Equations (i), (ii), and (iii) form the LPP.

(0, 0), (0, 16), (16, 8) and (24, 0) are the boundary points.

At (0, 0) Z = 0

At (0, 16) Z = 4800

At (16, 8) Z = 4000

At (24, 0) Z = 2400

Since at least one of each should be produced;

16 necklaces and 8 bracelets should be produced daily for maximum profit.

33. Let X denote the lifetimes of the given electronic devices. Then X is normally distributed with mean μ  = 300 and
standard deviation σ = 25.

Let Z be the standard normal variate. Then,

X−μ
Z =   Z = 
X−300
⇒
σ 25
350−300
i. When X = 350, we obtain: Z =  25
 = 2

∴  P(X > 350)

= P (Z > 2)

= 0.5 - P(0 ≤ Z ≤  2) = 0.5 - 0.4772 = 0.0228

ii. When X = 300, we obtain: Z =   = 0

300−300

25

∴  P (X ≤  300) = P (Z ≤  0) = P (Z ≥  0) = 0.5

Thus, 50 % of the electronic devices will have lifetimes of 300 hours or less.
220−300
iii. When X = 220, we obtain: Z =  25
 = -3.2

When X = 260, we obtain: Z =   = -1.6

260−300

25

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∴  P (220 ≤  X ≤  260)

= P (-3.2 ≤  Z ≤  -1.6)

= P (1.6 ≤  Z ≤  3.2)

= P (0 ≤  Z ≤  3.2) - P (0 ≤  Z ≤  1.6) = 0.4993 - 0.4452 = 0.0541

Thus, 5.41% of the electronic devices will have lifetimes from 200 to 260 hours.

OR

Let X denote the diameters of ball bearings. Then X is a normal variate with mean μ  = 0.6140 inches and standard
deviation σ = 0.0025 inches.

Let Z be the standard normal variate. Then,

X−μ
Z = 
X−0.6140
⇒ Z =
σ 0.0025
0.610−0.6140
i. When X = 0.610, we obtain: Z = 0.0025
 = -1.6

When X = 0.618, we obtain: Z =  = 1.6

0.618−0.6140

0.0025

∴ P(0.610 ≤ X ≤ 0.618)

= P(-1.6 ≤ Z ≤ 1.6) [By symmetry]

= 2P(0 ≤ Z ≤ 1.6)

= 2 × 0.4452

= 0.8904 [See Table]

Thus, the percentage of ball bearings with diameters between 0.610 and 0.618 inches is 0.8904 × 100 = 89.04
ii. When X = 0.617, we obtain: Z =  = 1.2

0.617−0.6140

0.0025

∴  P(X ≥ 0.617)

= P(Z > 1.2)

= P(Z ≥ 0) - P(0 ≤ Z ≤  1.2)

= 0.5 - 0.3849 = 0.1151

Thus, the percentage of ball bearings with diameters greater than 0.617 inches is 0.1151 × 100 = 11.51
0.608−0.6140
iii. When X = 0.608, we obtain: Z = 0.0025
 = -2.4.

∴  P (X < 0.608)

= P (Z < - 2.4)

= P (Z > 2.4)

= P (Z ≥  0) - P ( 0 ≤  Z ≤  2.4)

= 05 - 0.4918 = 0.0082

Thus, the percentage of ball bearings with diameters less than 0.608 inches = 0.0082 ×  100 = 0.82

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iv. When X = 0.615, we obtain: Z =   = 0.4

0.615−0.6140

0.0025

∴  P(X = 0.615)

= P(Z = 0.4)

= 0.1554

Thus, the percentage of ball bearings with diameter equal to 0.615 inches = 0.1554 ×  100 = 1554
34. Converting the inequations into equations, we obtain

x + y = 5, 4x + y = 4, x + 5y = 5, x = 4, y = 3

Region Represented by x + y ≤  5: The line x + y = 5 meets the coordinate axes at A(5, 0) and B(0, 5) respectively. Join
these points by a thick line. Clearly, (0, 0) satisfies the inequality x + y ≤  5. So, the portion containing the origin
represents the solution set of the inequation x + y ≤  5.

Region Represented by 4x + y ≥  4: The line 4x + y = 4 meets the coordinate axes at A1(1, 0) and B1(0, 4) respectively.
Join these points by a thick line. Clearly, (0, 0) does not satisfy the inequation 4x + y ≥  4. So, the portion not containing
the origin is represented by the inequation 4x + y ≥  4.

Region Represented by x + 5y ≥  5: The line x + 5y ≥  5 meets the coordinate axes at A(5, 0) and B2(0, 1) respectively.
Join these two points by a thick line. We find that (0, 0) does not satisfy the inequation x + 5y ≥  5. So, the portion not
containing the origin is represented by the given inequation.

Region Represented by x ≤  4: Clearly, x = 4 is a line parallel to y-axis at a distance of 4 units from the origin. Since (0,
0) satisfies the inequation x ≤  4. So, the portion lying on the left side of x = 4 is the region represented by x ≤  4.

Region Represented by y ≤  3: Clearly, y = 3 is a line parallel to x-axis at a distance 3 from it. Since (0, 0) satisfies y
≤  3. So, the portion containing the origin is represented by the given inequation.

The common region of the above five regions represents the solution set of the given linear constraints as shown in
Figure.

35. Let P be the amount finaced by the financer. Then, the actual price of the car is ₹(P + 150,000). In order to pay back the
amount financed by the financer Rohit is paying monthly installments of ₹25,448 for 2 years. The financer charges
interest at the rate of 20% p.a. Thus, we have

Principal = P, n = Number of installments = 2 × 12 = 24

i = rate of interest =   and, E = Monthly installment = ₹25,448

20 1
=
1200 60

 E = 
Pi
∴
−n
1−(1+i)
−n
E{1−(1+i ) }
⇒  P =  i

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)-24}

25,448
⇒  P = ₹ 1
 {1 - (1 +  1

60
60

−24

⇒  P = ₹1,526,880 {1 - {1 − ( 61

60
) }

⇒  P = ₹1,526,880 (1 - 0.6725335725) = ₹1,526,880 ×  0.3274664275 = ₹500,001.93 = ₹500,002

So, the financer paid ₹500,002 and hence the actual cost of the car is

₹(150,000 + 500,002) = ₹650,002

To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App. It provides complete study
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Section E
36. i. (
x 2 2
) + πr
2
y
ii. r =  2π

iii. x + y = 25

OR

25π

π+4

37. i. 12.5%

OR

11
7

13
%
ii. 12%
iii. ₹70
38. i. If ₹ 15000 is invested in bond X, then the amount invested in bond Y = ₹ (35000 - 15000) = ₹20000

X Y

A = Investment [ 15000 20000 ]

Invest rate Invest rate

X 10 percent X 0.1
and B =  [ ]  =  [ ]
Y 8 percent Y 0.08

ii. The amount of interest received on each bond is given by

0.1
AB = [15000  20000] × [ ]

0.08

= [15000 × 0.1 + 20000 × 0.08] = [1500 + 1600] = 3100

iii. Let ₹ x  be invested in bond X and then ₹ (35000 - x) will be invested in bond Y.

Now, total amount of interest is given by

0.1
[x 35000 - x] [ ]  = [0.1x + (35000 - x) 0.08]

0.08

But, it is given that total amount of interest = ₹ 3200

∴  0.1x + 2800 - 0.08x = 3200

⇒ 0.02 x = 400 ⇒ x = 20000

Thus, ₹ 20000 invested in bond X and ₹ 35000 - ₹ 20000

= ₹ 15000 invested in bond Y.

OR

AB will give the total amount of interest received on both bonds.

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