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of the struggle, and was foremost in support of the Government. He
was not, however, a speaker only, but a worker as well. In a little time
he had gathered about him an effective regiment. Men from all States
rushed to fill up the ranks. Refusing to resign his position in the
Senate and be promoted to a Major-Generalship, he retained his
simple title of Colonel, and died with no higher rank.
He was killed at the head of his brigade, and with his life’s blood
sealed the vow he had made to see America a free and united people
or die in the struggle. Courageous, upright, earnest, indomitable
spirits like his can never be forgotten; they are the jewels of a nation,
which brighten as they pass into eternity. In his own words, the
words that from his eloquent lips rung over the grave of Broderick,
let us give him to immortality.
“True friend and hero, hail and farewell!”
 BATTLE AT CAMP WILD CAT, KY.

October 21, 1861.

On the same day that the disastrous battle at Ball’s Bluff, Va., was
fought, and also the successful engagement of Colonel Plummer’s
command at Frederickton, Mo., a spirited fight was maintained by a
small force of Federal troops in Kentucky. They were successful in
resisting the attack of a large body of the enemy under General
Zollicoffer, who had made advances into that State from Tennessee,
by the Cumberland Gap. The engagement was unimportant when
viewed in reference to the numbers engaged, or the loss of life, but its
moral effects were significant. It was the first battle thus far that had
taken place upon the soil of Kentucky, and it was bravely fought by
her own loyal sons.
To oppose the advance of the rebels, a single Kentucky regiment,
under Colonel Garrard, was stationed at Rock-castle creek, at an
encampment known by the name of “Wild Cat.” General Zollicoffer
conceived the design of cutting off this isolated regiment, and for
that purpose was moving rapidly forward with six regiments of
infantry and one of cavalry, sacking the towns of Barboursville and
Loudon in his progress. General Albin Schoepf, who commanded the
Federal troops in this district, hearing of the advance of the rebel
forces, dispatched the Thirty-third Indiana, Colonel J. Coburn, from
the camp at Big Hill, nineteen miles south of Richmond, with
instructions to occupy an eminence half a mile to the east of Camp
Wild Cat, while directions were also given to the Fourteenth Ohio to
proceed to the same place; and two regiments of Tennessee
Federalists, then at Camp Dick Robinson, forty-four miles from the
scene of action, hastened to participate in the expected fight, and
marched the whole distance on the day of the 21st, arriving just after
the last feint by the enemy. Colonel Woolford’s Kentucky cavalry had
also arrived, and General Schoepf and staff reached the scene of
action in the course of the day.
At eight o’clock on the morning of the 21st, before the arrival of
Colonel Coburn’s forces at the point designated, the advance of the
enemy, with wild and exultant shouts, attacked Colonel Garrard’s
camp, and anticipated an easy victory over an inferior force, much
reduced by sickness. But the brave Kentuckians met them with an
undaunted front, and poured into their ranks a deadly fire. Having
been taught to despise the little band they were now attacking, the
rebels advanced again gallantly to the assault, but the cool and
determined resistance they met with soon put them to flight, and
they retired discomfited, to await the arrival of the main body of their
forces.
Meantime Colonel Coburn, with four companies of the Thirty-
third Indiana, had started at seven o’clock, to reach the hill
designated. The command consisted of Company D, Captain McCrea;
Company I, Captain Hauser; Company E, Captain Hendricks; and
Company G, Captain Dille—in all about three hundred and fifty men.
Their arrival was most opportune, as the rebel forces were on the
point of seizing the same position. The companies were immediately
deployed as skirmishers. In about twenty minutes, the rebels, who
were concealed in the woods, commenced firing. Soon after they
appeared in front, half a mile to the south, and below in the valley.
They were in large numbers, and formed in line, near an open space,
and then approached the Federal force under cover of a wood which
concealed them from view, and opened fire. At this moment the
Kentucky cavalry (Colonel Garrard,) came up, and reinforced the
Thirty-third. The enemy charged, but were repulsed under a galling
fire. The front of the rebels approached within a few rods of Colonel
Coburn, with their caps on their bayonets, saying that they were
“Union men,” and were “all right;” and having thus attempted to
disarm the suspicion of the loyal troops, suddenly poured a
murderous fire upon them. After an hour of severe struggle, the
enemy were compelled to retreat, leaving part of their dead and
wounded behind them.
At about the close of this attack, another detachment of the forces
under General Schoepf came upon the ground. It consisted of four
companies of the Seventeenth Ohio. Company E, Captain Fox;
company C, Captain Haines; company K, Captain Rea; and company
H, Captain Whisson, all of whom, under Major Ward, promptly
formed in line ready for their part in the contest. But the enemy had
retreated only to return with an increased force. At about two o’clock,
P. M., the attack was renewed, and at the same time, company C,
Fourteenth Ohio, Captain J. W. Brown, appeared on the field. The
position was fiercely contested, the Federal troops rendering the
most gallant and effective service in the face of the largely superior
force brought against them. A few discharges of cannon, three pieces
of which were in use, aided by the well-directed infantry fire, resulted
in the total rout and dispersion of the enemy, who again retreated,
and during the night were finally removed by General Zollicoffer.
Captain Stannard’s Ohio battery earned for itself high
commendations in this contest.
The Federal loss was four killed and twenty-one wounded. We
have no record of Zollicoffer’s loss.
While the battle was raging, General Schoepf, who had just
arrived, and had tied his horse to a tree at a short distance, desired a
soldier to go and get him. The man hesitating, the General went
himself, and just as he was unfastening the reins he was greeted with
a storm of bullets. One of them passed through his boot-top, and
several struck the tree to which the horse was tied. With the most
perfect coolness the General mounted his horse, and rode off to his
post, as leisurely as if he were an unconcerned spectator of the scene.
Zollicoffer subsequently had large reinforcements, which he put
into a condition for the best possible service, and commenced
fortifying the strong positions at Cumberland Gap.
 BATTLE AT ROMNEY, VA.

October 26, 1861.

The town of Romney is located in Hampshire county, Virginia, on

the south branch of the Potomac, one hundred and ninety miles
north-west from Richmond. It had been the theatre of previous
military adventures between the loyal troops and their enemies, who
were on several occasions compelled to retire from the place, but
afterwards took advantage of the absence of the Federal forces to
return. Brigadier-General B. F. Kelley, who commanded a portion of
the forces in the encounter at Phillipi, where he was wounded, was
encamped with part of his command at New Creek. He resolved to
dislodge the rebels from Romney, and ordered his forces to unite in a
march on the town on the morning of the 26th of October. The
Fourth and Eighth Ohio, and Seventh Virginia, were in the brigade,
with the addition of the Ringgold Cavalry.
The forces, after a march along their various routes of from twenty
to twenty-five miles, united, and about half-past two o’clock in the
afternoon, encountered the outposts of the enemy at Mill Creek, five
miles from Romney. These they drove in, and advanced to the Indian
Mound Cemetery, west of the town, where the rebels made a stand,
and opened fire with a twelve-pound rifled gun, placed in a
commanding position in the cemetery, and with a mountain howitzer
from the high grounds on the east bank of the river, at a point which
commanded the road for half a mile. At the east end of the bridge the
enemy had thrown up intrenchments, from which they kept up a
constant fire of musketry upon the head of the column. They were
responded to by a twelve-pounder and two six-pounders, until in
about half an hour the General understood the position, when he
gave the command to charge upon the enemy’s entrenchments. The
cavalry, led by Captains Keys and McGhee, dashed across the river at
the ford, with enthusiastic shouts, while the infantry, under the
command of Colonels Mason and De Puy, Lieutenant-Colonel Kelley,
and Major Swearingen, rushed over the bridge to encounter the
enemy at the mouth of his guns. As soon as they saw this movement,
they immediately abandoned their positions, and retreated
precipitately through the town, flying in the direction of Winchester.
General Kelley captured a considerable number of the enemy,
among whom was Colonel Angus McDonald; two hundred horses,
three wagon loads of new rifles, three cannon, a large quantity of
corn, wagons, tents, and, in fact, everything they had.
Colonel Johns, with seven hundred men of the Second Potomac
Home Brigade, under orders from General Kelley, started from
North Branch bridge early in the morning, passing through
Frankfort, having been instructed to make a diversion with his force
toward Springfield to withdraw the attention of a portion of the
enemy stationed there from General Kelley’s movements. When
within a mile and a half of Springfield the rear of his column was
fired upon by the rebels, occasioning a delay of nearly an hour. The
march was then renewed through Springfield, disclosing evidences of
the retreat of the enemy on the way. On arriving at the bridge
crossing the south branch of the Potomac, they were discovered on
the opposite side of the river, when a brisk fire was commenced.
After skirmishing half an hour, Colonel Johns determined to cross
the bridge, but found that a portion of the planking had been torn up
and removed. The enemy at the same time kept up a sharp fire,
killing one, and wounding six of his men. The passage of the bridge
being impracticable, and the firing having ceased in the direction of
Romney, Colonel Johns inferred that General Kelley was in
possession of the town. His own purpose having been accomplished
in producing a diversion of the rebel forces, and the necessity of
joining Kelley no longer existing, he withdrew his command to
Oldtown, in Maryland, about nine P. M., after a march of twenty-five
miles.
 BATTLE OF FREDERICKTON, MO.

October 21, 1861.

Brigadier-General U. S. Grant commanding at Cairo, Illinois, being

informed that the rebel recruits under Colonel Jeff. Thompson and
Colonel Lowe, were congregating in Madison county, Missouri,
ordered Colonel J. B. Plummer, of the Eleventh Missouri Volunteers,
to proceed to Frederickton. Colonel Plummer was in command at
Cape Girardeau, and on the 18th, the day following the receipt of the
order, he marched with about fifteen hundred men, composed of the
Seventeenth and Twentieth Illinois Volunteers, Colonels Ross and
Marsh, the Eleventh Missouri, under the immediate command of
Lieutenant-Colonel Pennabaker, Lieutenant White’s section of
Taylor’s battery, and Captains Steward and Lansden’s companies of
cavalry.
On arriving at Frederickton, Colonel Plummer found that the
rebels had evacuated the town the evening before, and that Colonel
Carlin, with about three thousand Federals from Pilot Knob, had
occupied the place a few hours before him. The enemy had retired in
the direction of Greenville, and Colonel Carlin having reinforced
Colonel Plummer with the Twenty-first and Thirty-third Illinois
Volunteers, under Colonels Alexander and Hovey, six companies of
the First Indiana Cavalry, Colonel Baker, and one section of Major
Schofield’s battery, under Lieutenant Hascock, they started in
pursuit. The column, thus reinforced, was put in motion at about one
o’clock, P. M., but had not proceeded more than three-quarters of a
mile when the enemy was discovered a short distance in advance.
Colonel Ross, whose regiment was the leading one of the column,
immediately deployed it to the left into a lane, and threw forward
two companies as skirmishers, to feel the enemy, whose exact
position and strength it was difficult to determine. Colonel Plummer
directed Colonel Ross to move forward his regiment into the
cornfield in support of his skirmishers, and ordered up Lieutenant
White’s section of Taylor’s battery, which immediately opened fire,
and by its effectiveness soon caused the enemy to respond. Their
artillery consisted of four pieces, masked, upon the slope of a hill
about six hundred yards distant. The principal body of their infantry,
under Colonel Lowe, was posted in the cornfield to the left of the
road. With them the Seventeenth Illinois was soon engaged. The
other regiments of the column were deployed to the right and left of
the road as they came up. Colonel Plummer then ordered forward
the Thirty-eighth Illinois from the town, which promptly came upon
the field under one of its field officers, leaving there the Eighth
Wisconsin, under Colonel Murphy, and one section of Major
Schofield’s battery in reserve—a post of honor, though one
disagreeable to them, as all were eager to participate in the
engagement.
As soon as it was practicable, Major Schofield, of the First Missouri
Volunteer Light Artillery, brought upon the field two sections of his
battery under Captain Matter and Lieutenant Hascock, which were
placed in position, and did efficient service. Major Schofield
rendered valuable aid in bringing the regiments on the right of the
road into line of battle, and in directing their movements.
In the mean time the enemy were falling back before the steady
advance and deadly fire of the Seventeenth and Twentieth Illinois,
and a portion of the Eleventh Missouri. Their retreat soon became a
rout, and they fled in every direction, pursued by the Union troops.
 At this time the enemy’s infantry on the right, where Thompson
commanded in person, being in retreat, the Indiana Cavalry charged
and pursued them. Thompson, however, had rallied a portion of his
troops, about half a mile in the rear of his first position, and brought
one gun into battery on the road, supported by infantry on either
side. The cavalry charged and took the gun, being exposed at the
same time to a deadly fire from the enemy’s infantry; but as the
column that had been ordered forward to their support did not reach
the point in time, the enemy were enabled to carry the piece from the
field. It was here that Major Gavitt and Captain Highman fell.
The rout now became general, and the enemy were pursued by the
Union troops several miles, until the approach of night induced
Colonel Plummer to recall them to town. Captain Stewart, however,
with his squadron of cavalry followed them until late in the night,
and brought in several prisoners.
 Jeff. Thompson had left Frederickton on the previous evening,
marching ten miles on the Greenville road, and then turning to meet
Colonel Plummer at a point where he had intended to make the
attack in the morning. On learning that the national troops had taken
a different road, he led his force back to the point near Frederickton
where the encounter took place. The rebel force was about two
thousand five hundred. Colonel Lowe, his colleague, was killed, and
one hundred and twenty-five dead were left on the field; the number
of their wounded is not definitely known. Four of their guns and
eighty prisoners were taken. The loss of the Federal army was seven
killed, and sixty wounded.
 CHARGE OF FREMONT’S BODY-GUARD AT
SPRINGFIELD, MO.

October 25, 1861.

Subsequent to the death of General Lyon, Springfield had been

made a rebel stronghold, and General Price, when the advancing
army of General Fremont compelled him to retreat from the central
part of the State, had established his headquarters there. During the
month of October, however, being warned by approaching columns
of the Federal troops, he had commenced the withdrawal of his
forces and the immense train and supplies he had accumulated in
case he should be compelled to retreat to Arkansas.
On the 20th of October, General Sigel, who commanded the
Federal advance, was near Bolivar, and General Sturgis’ command
was one day behind. General Lane was at Osceola; Hunter’s and
McKinstry’s divisions, as well as General Ashboth, were at or near
Warsaw; General Pope was near Louisville; while General Fremont
and his staff were at Pomme de Terre river, en route for Quincy.
Having obtained information from his scouts that only about three
hundred of the enemy were at Springfield, General Fremont
dispatched Major Zagonyi, with 150 of his Body-guard, and also an
equal force of Prairie Scouts under Major F. J. White, who was then
attached to Sigel’s command, to combine their forces before reaching
Springfield, and attack the rebel camp by surprise.
The distance from the camp on the Pomme de Terre river to
Springfield was fifty-one miles. The Body-guard started on Thursday,
the 24th, at 8½ P. M., and reached the neighborhood of Springfield,
at 3 P. M. on the 25th, having overtaken the command of Major
White, dispatched from the camp of General Sigel to take part in this
enterprise. Major White, who was suffering from severe illness, was
obliged to stop for an hour or two to rest, and when he again started
to join his command, expecting to find them in the direct road from
Bolivar to Springfield, he was captured by the rebel scouts, who had
been informed of the approach of the Federal cavalry. Zagonyi had
deemed it necessary to change his plan of attack, and to approach the
rear of the rebel camp, of which fact Major White had not been
informed. The change was occasioned by unexpectedly meeting a
small body of the enemy, who thus became aware of the designed
attack.
Major Zagonyi, on approaching within about eight miles of
Springfield, came upon a small foraging party, five of whom he
captured, and the remainder returned to the city and gave the alarm.
Proceeding further on, the Major gained additional information from
Union citizens and learned that the place was held by a force at least
five or six times as large as was supposed. Notwithstanding this he
resolved to press on and examine for himself, but the farther he
proceeded the more positive was the information that the town was
held by a large force.
The first that was seen of the enemy was a short distance from the
town, where the advance discovered a full regiment drawn up on
selected ground, near the road, and prepared to receive them. The
ground being unfavorable for offensive operations, Major Zagonyi
resolved not to attack them, but to cross the prairie to the westward
and approach the city by the Mount Vernon road.
This was successfully accomplished, and upon arriving within
about a mile, the citizens notified him that the enemy, two thousand
strong, were awaiting his coming a quarter of a mile distant. Major
Zagonyi was entreated not to risk his little band in the encounter; but
he had not made a forced march of fifty miles to gain possession of a
town without at least making an attempt to fulfil his instructions;
and placing the Body-guard in front, and himself leading, he gave the
order to advance.
As the Major was to approach from the west, the rebels had
scattered skirmishers throughout the dense woods or chaparral on
either side, who greeted his approach with a scathing fire which
emptied several saddles. The woods and rough bushy ground to the
south of the road, was also full of their skirmishers, hidden in the
branches and behind bushes and trees. The main body of the force,
however, was drawn up in the form of a hollow square, in a large
open field to the north of the road, the infantry bordering along a
high Virginia rail fence, nearly to the brook, and also at the head of
the field bordering on the woods, and the cavalry on the other side of
the field also supported by the forest.

DESPERATE CHARGE OF FREMONT’S BODY-GUARD.

Upon reaching the vicinity of this place, Major Zagonyi ordered an

advance at a trot, and when fairly in the woods, the pace was
increased to a gallop. When the fire opened, the two companies of
the First Missouri Cavalry, and the Irish Dragoons, composing Major
White’s battalion, countermarched to the left. Major Zagonyi’s
command alone proceeded down the road through the fire of the
enemy. Upon reaching the open field, an attempt was made to tear
down the fence and charge upon the enemy. It was soon discovered,
however, that this would be impossible without a heavy loss, and
they immediately made a rush down the road, over a brook, where,
in a measure shielded from the enemy’s fire, they levelled the rails
and effected an entrance. Here, in the midst of the briars and stubble
bordering the brook, he succeeded in forming his men, and with the
Major at their head, they gallantly charged up the hill of the open
field, right into the midst of their foes. As they charged, the
command spread out fan-like, some to the right, some to the left, and
others straight up to the woods in front.
The cavalry to the right were scattered almost instantaneously; the
infantry made a somewhat firmer stand, but it was only for a
moment. The charge was so furious, so well directed, and so
compact, that the rebel ranks were quickly scattered. Under the well-
directed fire of the enemy’s sharpshooters, the little band of one
hundred and sixty-two rank and file, contending against one
thousand eight hundred, necessarily suffered severely.
Pursuing a portion of the rebels into town, the Major here
assembled his command, or such portions of it as were at hand,
raised the stars and stripes upon the court-house, detailed a guard to
attend to his wounded, and then fearful that the enemy might
become cognizant of his small force, and rally, determined to retrace
his steps toward Bolivar, where he could meet reinforcements, the
more especially as they had ridden over eighty miles and been over
twenty-four hours without food.
In the mean time Major White’s command had made a detour
through the cornfield, and after making a successful charge and
defeating the rebel forces stationed there, he reached the town a little
while after Zagonyi had left, and took possession of it.
The loss of the enemy, as nearly as could be ascertained, was one
hundred and six killed, wounded not known; that of the Federals but
fifteen killed, twenty-seven wounded and ten missing.
 THE DEPARTMENT OF MISSOURI.

The death of General Lyon and the defeat of the Federal army at
Wilson’s Creek, on the 10th of August, and the disastrous
consequences—followed on the 20th of September by the loss of
Lexington and its noble band of defenders, filled the whole land with
discontent. The commanding officer of the Department at this time
was Major-General Fremont. The public, asking for success, and
confident that it could be achieved, were impatient of the delays and
heavy expenditure of money that seemed at least to fetter the
Missouri Department. From General Fremont the public had
expected the most vigorous and brilliant campaign. The difficulties
and obstacles with which a commander must contend in organizing a
military force sufficient to encounter a large army of dashing and
lawless insurgents, are not always properly understood and
considered by the public; and their expectations, no doubt, led far in
advance of the possibilities of the situation. Occupying a field which
had just been made the scene of open hostilities, and where the
Governor and the Legislature, as a body, were hostile to the General
Government, the entire work was to be done after General Fremont
had entered upon it. The difficulty of supplying reinforcements
where needed, with no reserves upon which he could draw, left no
alternative to Lyon and Mulligan but that of retreat or collision with
an overpowering enemy. In these reverses they suffered a cruel
defeat, but won imperishable fame.
 SECTION OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.

SHOWING THE DISTANCES FROM

NEW ORLEANS.

The loss of General Lyon, and the reverses to the national army,
afforded cause for great exultation to the secessionists of St. Louis
and its vicinity, and their demonstrations of hostility became so
marked that General Fremont, on the 14th of August, was compelled
to resort to the extreme measure of declaring martial law in that city.
This had the effect of restraining the rebel sympathizers in
immediate proximity with the headquarters of the Commander, but
was not regarded in the State at large. Under these circumstances
General Fremont followed this proclamation with another on the
30th of August, establishing martial law in the State, and fixing the
lines of the army of occupation as extending from Leavenworth by
way of the posts of Jefferson City, Rolla and Ironton, to Cape
Girardeau, on the Mississippi river. All persons taken with arms in
their hands were to be tried by courts-martial, and if found guilty,
shot. The property of persons taking up arms against the United
States was declared confiscated to public use, “and their slaves, if any
they have, are hereby declared free men.”
This proclamation produced a profound excitement throughout
the country, and was received by the people with varied emotions—
enthusiastically applauded by some, and bitterly condemned by
others.
The President, on the 2d of September, addressed a letter to
General Fremont, recommending him to modify his proclamation.
General Fremont desired the President to make an order for the
modification in his own name, a request with which the Chief
Magistrate complied, and under date of September 11th,
communicated to General Fremont, that the proclamation in
question should be made to conform to the act of Congress of August
6th, which confiscated only property used in rebellion; and referred
the question regarding slaves to the determination of the courts, or
to subsequent legislation.
While in St. Louis, General Fremont was actively engaged in the
organization of his forces, and making preparations for his
approaching campaign. To protect the city he had extensive
fortifications constructed. He also projected and ordered the
building of the gunboats, which have since rendered such signal
service. The necessity of massing a large army near Washington,
after the defeat at Bull Run, compelled the withdrawal of many
regiments which had been assigned to the Missouri Department. It
was not until the 27th of September that Fremont was prepared to
enter upon an offensive campaign. Accordingly on that day he left St.
Louis, and with fifteen steamers and fifteen thousand men, sailed up
the Missouri to Jefferson City. Here he halted several days to collect
additional material necessary for his march into the interior.
On the 29th, two days after General Fremont’s departure from St.
Louis, General Price commenced the evacuation of Lexington,
leaving a small force as a guard. On the 7th of October, General
Fremont left Jefferson City, marching in the direction of Sedalia, for
the purpose of attacking the rebel commander at the earliest
opportunity.
On the 16th, two hundred and twenty men of the First Missouri
Scouts, under Major F. J. White, surprised the rebel garrison at
Lexington, and recaptured the place, with the Federal sick and
wounded there, together with two pieces of cannon, a quantity of
guns, pistols and other articles which the rebels threw away in their
flight. The garrison numbered three hundred men. The victorious
troops found the inhabitants in a deplorable condition. Some
portions of the town had been plundered of everything that could be
appropriated, and many persons were suffering for the necessaries of
life. It was a painful scene, and formed one of those early pictures of
the war which have since been multiplied so fearfully in the border
States.
On the 1st of November, General Fremont, then at Springfield,
entered into an arrangement with General Price, to facilitate the
exchange of prisoners, agreeing to release any who had been made
prisoners “for the mere expression of political opinions;” and
providing also that “the war in future be confined exclusively to the
armies in the field.” Armed bodies, unauthorized by the
commanders, were to be disbanded, and persons guilty of violence
and lawless acts were to be subject to trial by courts-martial. This
agreement was signed by Major Henry W. Williams and D. Robert
Barclay, Esq., for General Price, and J. H. Eaton, Assistant-Adjutant-
General, for General Fremont. A proclamation, announcing this
negotiation, was accordingly published on the first of November.
The next day, General Fremont received from the Department at
Washington, an order relieving him from his command. General
David Hunter was appointed to the Department of Missouri,
temporarily as his successor. General Fremont returned to St. Louis,
and soon afterwards reached New York city, where he awaited the
orders of the Government.
The Federal army was now withdrawn from the south-western
portion of the State, and the whole of that vast field was reoccupied
by the insurgent forces, and thousands of recruits were gathered into
their ranks.
On the 4th of November, the antagonist forces were commanded
as follows:—General Hunter, 5,000; General Sigel, 4,000; General
Ashboth, 4,500; General McKinstry, 5,500; General Pope, 4,000;
General Lane, 2,500; General Sturgis, 1,000. The rebels under
General Price numbered 15,000; under General McCulloch, 7,000.
The disloyal members of the Legislature held a session at Neosho,
Newton county, in the extreme south-western portion of the State,
and on the 19th of November passed an ordinance of secession, and
sent their Commissioners to the Confederate Congress at Richmond.
Missouri, as represented by them, was admitted to the Confederacy
on the 27th of November.
On the 30th of November, General Price, then at Neosho, issued a
proclamation to the people of Missouri, calling upon them in the
most earnest manner for recruits to the rebel army. He called for fifty
thousand men, who might rendezvous at headquarters with anything
in the shape of arms that they could find; and if unarmed, to enroll
themselves, and they would be supplied. He represented the
hopelessness of the cause, and the certain defeat of the rebel army
unless immediately reinforced. His appeals had some effect in
promoting sedition, and in securing enlistments, but they fell far
short of the number he demanded.
On the 1st of December, Gen. Price was at Osceola, with 18,000
men.
On the 6th of December, Independence was entered by a band of
rebels, who seized several citizens and compelled them to take an
oath not to bear arms against the Southern Confederacy.
On the 13th of the same month, Governor Jackson, at New Madrid,
issued a proclamation to the insurgent army, in which he attempted
a defence of the rebellion, and asserted that the people of Missouri
were in favor of secession. Unfortunately for the veracity or the
knowledge of Governor Jackson, wherever the people of the State
were delivered from the terrorism of the rebels and marauders, they
adhered to the Union, as was verified by the fact, that up to the 20th
of January, 1862, no less than 33,882 Missourians had entered the
Federal service for three years, and 6,000 had volunteered for three
months.
Major-General Henry W. Halleck was now in command of the
Department. He was compelled to adopt rigorous measures in some
cases in consequence of the pertinacious conduct of the secessionists.
A memorable event of the month of January was the annual election
for officers of the Mercantile Library Association, in which loyalty
and secession were antagonistic elements. General Halleck officially
announced that each officer of the Association would be expected to
take the oath of allegiance within ten days from the date of his order,
and in default thereof the officers failing should be deemed to have
resigned their offices. Any officer refusing to take the oath of
allegiance, who should exercise or attempt to exercise the functions
of his office, should be arrested and dealt with under the laws of war.
He also ordered that all carriages bearing the enemy’s flag should
be seized and confiscated; and that women resorting to the
neighborhood of the military prison and insulting the Federal troops,
or communicating with prisoners by exhibiting and waving secession
flags, should be imprisoned. Disloyal persons who, under the
military rules, were liable to assessment for the support of loyal
fugitives from their homes, should be compelled to pay their
assessment. All persons of every rank or position, violating the laws,
or interfering with their execution, should be dealt with under strict
penalties.
This energetic administration had the desired effect; and the
violent minority who were determined, at every hazard, to plunge the
State into war, were restrained, and order and peace assured and
restored.