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INTRODUCTION
Nearly 16 million girls between the ages of 15 and 19 give birth each year.
70,000 adolescent girls die each year from complications of pregnancy and
childbirth. This early pregnancy has become a scourge among young girls that
has reached a critical state with serious consequences. This is defined as the fact
that young people, especially girls, engage in sexual practices for the sake of
pleasure without thinking about the consequences that would ensue.

BODY OF WORK

The big precocity is a scourge that today affects many girls in the world.
The fact is that many young people, especially the young, give themselves to
sexual practice without having to know the harm and the consequences that
could ensue. This plague is due to many causes:

 Lack of information and sexual education - Due to lack of resources

and taboos related to sex, children and young girls do not receive sexual
and reproductive education. They have little or no knowledge of
contraception and are unaware of the risks associated with early
pregnancy. The absence of free family planning in some developing
countries reinforces this lack of knowledge and access to care.
 Forced and early marriages - 9 out of 10 early pregnancies occur within
marriage or cohabitation. Once married, girls are forced to have sex with
their husbands and become pregnant.
 Sexual violence and abuse - On the way to school, in schools, in
emergencies, within the family... girls are vulnerable to unprotected sexual
violence and abuse.
 Cultural taboos - In some developing countries, talking about sex is
taboo. Girls who fall
 pregnant as a result of sexual intercourse or sexual abuse are ashamed
to talk about it and therefore do nothing to stop it.
 The Law - In most developing countries, abortion and sometimes even
contraception are considered a crime and are punishable.
  Access to contraception - Access to contraception can be hampered by
poverty, taboos and/or long distances to a health center or store.
 The insusceptibility of the young people, who have a lack of respect
towards the school rules limiting all forms of relationships, towards their
parents, towards the values prescribed by the morals and towards the rules
and foundations of the society, which creates a lack of awareness on the
acts they cause, the consequences that could arise from them, and the
inability to manage the problem.
 Juvenile delinquency: which is increasing all the time, leading to the
depravation of the dead with a lack of parental control, which means that
young people indulge in sexual practices without control.
 The parents are partly responsible for this scourge due to the bad
supervision and education they give to their children.
THE CONSEQUENCES OF SEVERE PRECOCIOUSNESS

This scourge has very unpleasant consequences which are of social, political,
and sanitary order and I go on for the girl. We have:
 In terms of health
These early pregnancies are very dangerous for both the mother and the child:
every day, 194 girls die as a result of early pregnancy. Yet 90% of the causes of
these deaths are preventable. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the
second leading cause of death for girls aged 15 to 19 worldwide. These deaths
are usually caused by a lack of health facilities to monitor these high-risk
pregnancies, or the money to access them.
 On the academic level
According to a study we conducted, 58% of girls never or rarely return to school
after having a child. This figure increases when girls are also married.
 On the social level we have : Marginalization
In many societies, the honor of the family is based on the virginity of the girls.
Girls who become pregnant out of wedlock are therefore discriminated against
and marginalized. They may be rejected by their families and thus become
vulnerable to violence and abuse, domestic slavery and sexual exploitation.
 On the political level
Perpetuating Women's Inferior Status and PovertyEarly marriages and
pregnancies keep girls in their inferior status to men and do not allow them to
escape poverty. This is an unfair situation and a huge lost potential for the
development of communities and countries.Every year, nearly 3 million girls
between the ages of 15 and 19 undergo unsafe abortions." Because of my young
age, my pregnancy was very dangerous. Even though my belly was growing, I
was losing weight. I was so skinny that I looked like a twig with a big belly and
the delivery was very painful. Rabeya, pregnant at 13 in Bangladesh.
SOLUTION TO FIGHT AGAINST EARLY FAT

Every problem has a solution because nothing is impossible in today's world:

I- REDUCE THE NUMBER OF MARRIAGES BEFORE THE AGE

OF 18
More than 30 percent of girls in developing countries marry before age 18;
about 14 percent marry before age 15. Early marriage is a risk factor for early
pregnancy and has adverse reproductive health effects. In addition, marrying
young prolongs the cycle of undereducation and poverty. WHO's
recommendations for reducing early marriage are based on 21 studies and
project reports and the findings of an expert panel. The studies were conducted
in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Nepal, Senegal, and
Yemen, among others. The main outcome of some of these projects and studies
was that the age of marriage should be raised. For others, this outcome was
secondary to other factors, such as school retention rates, which influence
knowledge and attitudes, or sexual behavior change. The results of these studies
and projects support policy, individual, family, and community initiatives to
prevent early marriage.
What can politicians do?
PROHIBIT EARLY MARRIAGE.
In many countries, the laws do not prohibit marriage before the age of 18. Even
in countries where such laws exist, they are not enforced. Politicians must pass
and enforce laws that prohibit marriage before the age of 18.
What can individuals, families and communities do?
KEEP GIRLS IN SCHOOL.
Around the world, girls' school attendance is higher than ever. Girls' education
has a positive impact on their health, their children's health, and their
communities' health. Girls who are educated are also less likely to be married
too young. Unfortunately, enrollment rates drop after five or six years of school.
Policymakers must provide more formal and non-formal educational
opportunities for girls at both the primary and secondary levels.
INFLUENCE THE CULTURAL NORMS THAT SUPPORT EARLY MARRIAGE.
In some parts of the world, girls are expected to marry and have children in their
early to mid-teens, long before they are physically or mentally ready. Parents
feel compelled by prevailing norms, traditions, and economic constraints to
marry off their daughters at an early age. Community leaders must work with all
stakeholders to challenge and change these norms regarding early marriage.
What can researchers do?
- Demonstrate what types of interventions can lead to the development of laws
and policies that protect adolescent girls from early marriage (e.g., awareness
campaigns).
- Better understand how economic incentives and alternative livelihood
programs can delay the age of marriage.
- Develop better methods for measuring the impact of education and schooling
on age at marriage.
- Assess the feasibility of interventions already in place to inform and empower
adolescent girls, their families, and their communities to delay the age of
marriage, and explore the feasibility of taking such interventions to scale.

II- SUSCITULATING UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORTING

REDUCTION OF PREGNANCY BY AGE 20

Globally, one in five women has a child before the age of 18. In the
poorest regions of the world, this figure is more than one in three. Early
teenage pregnancy is more common in poor, less educated and rural
populations. The WHO recommendations for reducing early pregnancy
are based on two GRADE-assessed systematic reviews, three non-
GRADE-assessed studies, and the conclusions of an expert panel. Studies
in the systematic reviews included those from developing countries
(Mexico and Nigeria) and those from poor socioeconomic groups in
developed countries. Overall, these studies show that teen pregnancy
decreases among those who participated in sex education, financial
support, preschool education, and youth development programs as well as
life skills programs. One study showed that repeat pregnancies decreased
following an intervention that offered, among other things, home visits
from social services.

What can politicians do?

SUPPORT TEEN PREGNANCY PREVENTION PROGRAMS.

A combination of social norms, traditions, and economic constraints

account for early pregnancy. At the same time, reluctance to provide sex
education persists. Policymakers must strongly and publicly support
efforts to prevent early pregnancy. In particular, they must ensure that sex
education programs are in place.

What can individuals, families and communities do?

EDUCATE ADOLESCENTS ABOUT THEIR SEXUALITY.

Many teens start having sex before they even know how to avoid
pregnancy
or sexually transmitted infections. The group effect and the desire to
conform to stereotypes increase the likelihood of early and unprotected
sex. In order to prevent early pregnancy, sex education in school curricula
must be widely implemented. These programs should
develop life skills, provide support for understanding and managing
thoughts, feelings and emotions that accompany sexual maturity. These
programs will be linked to
contraceptive counseling and dispensing facilities.

OBTAINING COMMUNITY SUPPORT FOR THE PREVENTION OF

EARLY PREGNANCY.

In some regions, communities refuse to recognize that young people have

premarital sex
and they reject any attempt to seriously discuss how they might respond
to this situation. A dialogue with families and communities must be
initiated to involve them in efforts to prevent early pregnancy and
sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
 What can researchers do?

- Demonstrate evidence of the impact of interventions to prevent early

pregnancy, including programs
to increase employment opportunities and school retention, strengthen
educational offerings, and enhance
social services.

- Conduct research in different socio-cultural contexts to determine what

interventions are feasible and
generalizable can be done to reduce the number of early pregnancies
among adolescents.

III- INCREASE CONTRACEPTIVE USE

Sexually active adolescents are less likely than adults to use

contraception, even in settings where it is widely available. WHO's
recommendations for increasing contraceptive use are based on seven
WHO GRADE-assessed studies, 26 non-GRADE-assessed studies from
17 countries, and the findings of an expert panel. The studies were
conducted in the Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Cameroon, Chile, China, India,
Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Mexico, Nepal, Nicaragua, Sierra Leone, South
Africa, Tanzania, and Thailand. Some studies looked exclusively at
increased condom use, while others looked at increased use of hormonal
contraceptives and emergency contraception. In some studies, the primary
outcome was an increase in contraceptive use, and in others, this outcome
appeared to be secondary. Some studies focused exclusively on health
systems activities (such as over-the-counter sales or clinic supply of
contraceptives), and others looked at community and stakeholder
engagement to encourage contraceptive use. Overall, these studies show
that it is possible to increase contraceptive use by acting at different
levels-policy, family, community, and health system levels.

What can politicians do?

PASS LAWS THAT ALLOW ACCESS TO CONTRACEPTIVE

INFORMATION AND SERVICES.
 In many countries, laws and policies prevent the distribution of
contraceptives to young or unmarried adolescents. Policymakers must
intervene to reform policies to allow access to contraception for all
adolescents.

LOWER THE PRICE OF CONTRACEPTIVES FOR ADOLESCENTS.

Financial constraints may reduce contraceptive use among the poorest

adolescents. Policymakers should consider intervention to reduce the cost
of contraceptives for adolescents.

What can individuals, families and communities do?

EDUCATE ADOLESCENTS ABOUT CONTRACEPTIVE USE.

Adolescents may not know where to obtain contraceptives and how to

use them appropriately. Efforts to provide accurate contraceptive
information and sex education should be conducted concurrently.

ENSURE THAT COMMUNITIES SUPPORT THE DISTRIBUTION OF

CONTRACEPTIVES TO ADOLESCENTS.

Communities continue to resist initiatives to distribute contraceptives to

adolescents, especially those who are unmarried. There is a need to
engage community members in dialogue and build support for
contraceptive distribution.

What can health systems do?

PROVIDE ADOLESCENTS WITH ACCESS TO CONTRACEPTIVE

SERVICES.

Adolescents often do not seek contraceptive services because they are

afraid of social stigma or being judged by medical staff. Health systems
need to be more responsive and welcoming to the needs of adolescents.

What can researchers do?

- Demonstrate the effectiveness of various interventions to increase

contraceptive use through the adoption of supportive laws and policies,
 lower contraceptive prices, community support for adolescent access to
contraceptives, and over-the-counter sales of hormonal contraceptives.

- Understand how gender norms impact contraceptive use and how to

transform these norms to increase acceptance of contraceptive use.

IV- REDUCE THE NUMBER OF FORCED SEXUAL ENCOUNTERS

In many countries, girls are under great pressure to have sex, often from
family members. In some countries, more than one-third of girls report
that their first sexual encounter was forced. WHO's recommendations for
reducing forced sex are based on two studies evaluated by the WHO
GRADE system, six reviews of legislation not evaluated by the same
system, and the collective experience and opinion of a panel of experts.
The studies and legislative reviews were conducted in Botswana, India,
Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Overall, these studies
show that actions to influence communities and change gender norms can
have a positive impact in empowering girls to oppose forced sex and in
changing men's and boys' attitudes about sex
forced.

What can politicians do?

PROHIBIT FORCED SEX.

In many countries, law enforcement officials do not actively prosecute
those who have forced another person into a position of vulnerability.
It is often difficult for victims to prosecute them. The perpetrators
politicians must develop and enforce laws that prohibit forced sex and
punish the perpetrators. The
Victims and their families need to feel safe and supported by the
authorities in their efforts to obtain justice.

What can individuals, families and communities do?

EMPOWERING GIRLS TO RESIST FORCED SEX.

Girls may feel unable to say no to sex they do not want. They must have
the means to
to protect themselves and be able to ask for and get effective help.
Programs to build confidence
 in themselves, develop life skills, and strengthen established ties to social
and support networks,
can help girls refuse sex they don't want.

CHANGE THE SOCIAL NORMS THAT CONDONE FORCED SEX.

Existing social norms tolerate violence and forced sex in many countries.
regions of the world. Efforts to empower adolescent girls must be
accompanied by efforts to challenge and change norms that condone
forced sex, particularly gender norms.

ESTABLISH A DIALOGUE WITH MEN AND BOYS TO CHALLENGE

ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT THE
STANDARDS AND PRACTICES.
Men and boys may think that gender-based violence and forced sex is
something that is not a problem.
normal. They should be encouraged to focus on the harmful effect of these
practices on girls, women, families and communities. This may lead them
to change their attitudes and refrain from violent or coercive behavior.

What can researchers do?

- Demonstrate the effectiveness of laws and policies to prevent forced sex.

- Examine how laws and policies are developed, implemented and

followed to understand what the
best way to prevent coercion of adolescent girls.

V- INCREASE THE USE OF SKILLED CARE DURING

PREGNANCY, CHILDBIRTH AND THE POSTNATAL PERIOD

In some countries, adolescent girls are less likely than adults to access
skilled care during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. The
WHO recommendations for increasing the use of skilled care during
pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period are based on a WHO
GRADE-assessed study, a non-GRADE-assessed study, current WHO
guidelines, and the collective experience and opinion of an expert panel.
The studies were conducted in Chile and India. The first project consisted
of home visits to adolescent mothers. The second project involved a
program of financial support to mothers on the condition that they used a
health center for delivery. Overall, studies show that efforts to increase the
use of skilled prenatal, obstetric, and postnatal care improve health
outcomes for adolescent mothers and infants.

What can politicians do?

EXPAND ACCESS TO SKILLED PRENATAL, OBSTETRIC AND

POSTNATAL CARE.

Policymakers should develop and implement laws to expand access to

skilled prenatal, obstetric, and delivery care.
postpartum, especially for adolescents.

EXPAND ACCESS TO EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CARE.

Emergency obstetric care can save lives. Policymakers must take action to
expand access to these emergency services, especially for pregnant
adolescents.

What can individuals, families and communities do?

INFORM ADOLESCENTS AND MEMBERS OF THEIR COMMUNITIES

ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF SKILLED CARE DURING
PREGNANCY, CHILDBIRTH AND THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD.

It is difficult to access these services when you do not have information

about them. It is important to disseminate
accurate information about the risks of not having access to skilled care
for both mother and baby, and where such care can be obtained.

What can health systems do?

ENSURE THAT ADOLESCENTS, THEIR FAMILIES, AND THEIR

COMMUNITIES ARE WELL PREPARED FOR CHILDBIRTH AND
OBSTETRIC EMERGENCIES.

Pregnant teens need the support they need to be well prepared for birth
and in
Obstetrical emergencies, including having a birth plan. Preparation for
birth and emergency risks
 obstetrical care should be an integral part of prenatal care.

BE SENSITIVE AND RESPONSIVE TO THE NEEDS OF YOUNG

MOTHERS AND MOTHERS-TO-BE.

Adolescents should receive skilled prenatal and obstetric care - delivered

with sensitivity - and, in the event of complications, they should have
access to emergency obstetric care.

What can researchers do?

- Demonstrate how to identify and remove barriers to accessing and using

skilled prenatal, obstetric and
postpartum for adolescents.

- Develop and evaluate interventions to educate adolescent girls and

stakeholders about the importance of care
qualified prenatal and obstetricians.

- Determine which interventions can tailor prenatal, obstetric, and

postnatal services to meet the needs of
adolescent girls; expand access to emergency obstetric care; and better
prepare adolescent girls for birth and risk
obstetrical emergency.

CONCLUSION
Teenage pregnancy is an issue of concern in many countries. However, it is
treated in a simplistic and reductionist manner, with a one-sided link made
between teenage pregnancy and young people's lack of knowledge about
contraceptive methods. As demonstrated above, young people have never been
so well informed about contraceptives. They are exposed to a veritable
bombardment of information on a daily basis through all of the communications
media available today. Therefore, in trying to grasp the complexity of this issue,
our focus was on pregnant teens and privileged their discourses on their
condition.As the home highlighted the young mother, the teen's desire to have a
child was able to reveal itself. It was from this point that it was possible to
formulate another hypothesis in an attempt to understand the main mechanisms
at play in this situation, which led us to privilege the study of the bio-
psychosocial aspects Adolescent pregnancy is an issue that concerns many
countries. However, it is treated in a simplistic and reductionist way, with a one-
way link being established between teenage pregnancy and young people's lack
of knowledge about contraceptive methods. The historical perspective has
helped us to situate the issue, showing the influence of culture in the evolution
of the perception of this issue over time. Thus, teenage pregnancy may have
appeared as the result of both a biological imperative - that is, the impulse
toward reproductive capacity (at the level of the species) - and the teenager's
own desire to have a child (at the individual level)...