THE NORTH

60
AMERICAN
BLACK NOVEL:
D. HAMMETT,
R. CHANDLER.
THE ENGLISH
DETECTIVE
NOVEL:
P.D JAMES.
OPOSICIONES 2025
THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL GUIDE
This topic explores the intriguing world of crime fiction, tracing its evolution across
different cultures and literary traditions. We begin with an Introduction to crime
fiction, establishing its roots and the fundamental appeal of its dark, suspenseful
narratives. From there, we delve into the Classical Detective Novel, which sets the
stage with its structured mysteries and intellectual challenges. The discussion then
shifts to the American Black Novel, where we spotlight the contributions of seminal
figures like S. D. Hammett and R. Chandler, whose hard-boiled styles revolutionized
the portrayal of crime in literature. Transitioning across the Atlantic, the English
Detective Novel is examined, with a particular focus on P. D. James, who masterfully
blends psychological depth with intricate plotting. The conclusion will reflect on the
enduring impact of these narratives and their relevance in contemporary literature.
Finally, the bibliography will provide a comprehensive list of works and critical
studies that have been referenced, offering readers avenues for further exploration
into the captivating realm of crime fiction.

1.INTRODUCTION
Crime fiction, an integral genre within the cultural landscapes of both North America and
England, holds significant value beyond entertainment as it dives deep into the moral
complexities of society, exploring themes of good versus evil and providing a lens through
which to examine human nature and societal norms. This genre also engages readers on a
profound level, compelling them to turn each page eagerly, while subtly encouraging
reflection on larger truths and insights that resonate with their own experiences and
observations of the world.
In North America, the black novel revolutionized crime writing with its gritty, unsentimental
realism. Originated by authors like Dashiell Hammett and Raymond Chandler, it exposes
readers to the darker, often overlooked aspects of urban life, using stark portrayals of
violence and moral ambiguity to reflect on broader societal issues. Through iconic works such
as "The Postman Always Rings Twice" and "Little Caesar," this style has not only influenced
literature but also cinema, shaping public perceptions of crime and justice and highlighting
the complexities of human behavior within the confines of a corrupt society.
Across the Atlantic, the English detective novel provides a contrasting approach. Prominent
authors like P.D. James crafted stories that are more structured and cerebral, often involving
intricate puzzles that challenge the intellect of both the detective and the reader. This
subgenre emphasizes the power of reason and the importance of scrutinizing appearances,
promoting critical thinking and the diligent quest for truth. By engaging readers in the puzzle-
solving process, these novels underscore the value of observation and deductive reasoning in
achieving justice.
The exploration of moral questions and human behavior through crime fiction serves as a vital
tool for societal reflection. Through its gripping narratives and complex characters, crime
fiction not only entertains but also enriches our understanding of the human condition,
making it a vital topic of study and appreciation.
2. THE CLASSICAL DETECTIVE NOVEL
Based on Hart (1983), the detective genre was born in the mid-19th century, a period marked
by rapid urbanization and the emergence of police forces in major cities like London and
New York. This era, ripe with societal shifts, provided the perfect backdrop for stories
centered around crime and its resolution. The first widely acknowledged detective story,
Edgar Allan Poe’s "The Murders in the Rue Morgue", not only launched the genre but also set
a template for future detective stories, emphasizing the intellectual prowess of the
detective.
Detective stories are characterized by a specific set of elements: a mysterious and often
violent crime, a central detective character, a collection of suspects, and a series of clues
that lead to a resolution. The narrative is typically driven by the detective’s process of
deduction, where logical reasoning is applied to solve the crime. The structure of these
stories often involves presenting a puzzle to the reader, who is invited to solve the mystery
alongside the protagonist. This interactive aspect of detective fiction is one of its most
appealing features.
The writing techniques in detective fiction often include red herrings to mislead the reader,
plot twists to maintain suspense, and the eventual revelation of the culprit, which usually
occurs in a dramatic fashion. The genre relies heavily on dialogue and descriptive passages
that create vivid scenes for the reader, allowing them to immerse themselves in the world of
the detective.
Edgar Allan Poe and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle are two pillars of the detective genre. Poe’s
creation of Dupin laid the groundwork for the analytical detective, while Doyle’s Sherlock
Holmes became the archetype for the brilliant detective whose observations and deductions
set the standard for detective stories. Agatha Christie further developed the genre by
introducing characters like Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple, who became icons in their own
right. Christie’s novels, such as "Murder on the Orient Express," are known for their ingenious
plots and the surprising yet logical solutions to the mysteries at their hearts.
As detective fiction evolved, it branched into various sub-genres, each reflecting different
aspects of society. The North American Black Novel, with its roots in the hard-boiled tradition
of Hammett and Chandler, brought a gritty, realistic perspective to the genre, depicting a
morally ambiguous world where the detective often grapples with personal demons. In
contrast, the English Detective Novel, particularly those written by P.D. James, continued to
focus on the puzzle aspect of crime but with greater psychological depth and complexity in
character development. Hence, let’s dive into the aforementioned subgenres in the following
sections.
3. THE AMERICAN BLACK NOVEL
According to Symons (1992), Edgar Allan
Poe's early detective stories set the
stage for a genre that would grow and
morph in response to changing American
realities. The roaring twenties, marked by
economic boom and the controversial
Volstead Act, painted a picture of a
society rife with contradictions. The
subsequent stock market crash of 1929
and the Great Depression of the 1930s
fostered a sense of disillusionment and
mistrust, fueling the gritty realism that
would characterize American detective
fiction. This era saw the rise of the hard-
boiled detective novel, mirroring the
disarray and corruption perceived in
everyday life, depicted vividly through
the morally ambiguous worlds of
Hammett and Chandler.
In literary terms, the American detective
novel of the 1930s was significantly
influenced by modernist currents and
writers who brought a new depth to the
portrayal of societal disillusionment,
which naturally extended into the realms
of detective fiction. The detective novel
evolved into complex narratives that not
only sought to solve a crime but also to
expose the underbelly of American
society: its gangsters, corrupt officials,
and fractured social classes.
The character of the detective changed as well; no
longer just a rational solver of puzzles, the
detective became a reflection of the modern
American lonely man, battling against a corrupt
system, and using violence as a means to an end.
This was a stark departure from the genteel
detectives of golden age British detective stories,
who operated in a more static and orderly society.
The American detective novel, particularly the
hard-boiled subgenre, embraced a tough,
unsentimental style characterized by graphic
depictions of sex and violence, set against urban
backdrops that were as much a character in the
stories as the detectives themselves.
The detectives in these stories were often depicted
as gray characters navigating a world lacking
clear moral boundaries. Unlike their British
counterparts, these detectives were deeply
embedded in the society they critiqued, often
finding themselves grappling with their own moral
ambiguities.
The hard-boiled detective novel found a natural
ally in Hollywood, which during the 1940s and
1950s, turned many of these stories into films. This
partnership not only enhanced the genre's
popularity but also established a visual style (film
noir) that remains influential to this day. Novels like
"The Maltese Falcon" and "The Big Sleep" were
adapted into films that captured the essence of
the hard-boiled perspective, highlighting themes
of existential angst and moral ambiguity.
As the genre evolved, it continually reflected the
changing American landscape, capturing the
complexities of a society in transition.
3.1 Samuel Dashiell Hammett
Born in 1894, in Maryland, Samuel Dashiell Hammett
embarked on a life that would leave a profound
imprint on American literature. Hammett's journey into
writing was preceded by a series of diverse jobs, from
being a paperboy to working as a detective for the
Pinkerton's National Detective Agency. This latter role
provided not only the backdrop to his literary pursuits
but also the authenticity that would later define his
narrative style. After serving in World War I, where he
was struck by tuberculosis, Hammett returned to the
states, eventually resigning from Pinkerton's to delve
into the burgeoning field of detective fiction.
As seen in Ward (1981), Hammett is heralded as the pioneer of hard-boiled detective fiction,
since he introduced readers to iconic detectives such as Sam Spade in "The Maltese Falcon"
and Nick and Nora Charles in "The Thin Man." These characters were a departure from the
infallible detectives of earlier novels, presenting instead protagonists who were as deeply
flawed and morally complex as the worlds they navigated. Hammett's sharp, sparse prose
and dialogue mirrored the colloquial speech of the time, enhancing the realism of his stories
and setting a new standard in crime fiction.
For example, in "The Maltese Falcon," Sam Spade, the protagonist, navigates a labyrinth of
greed and deceit in search of a coveted artifact, embodying the genre's theme of navigating
a corrupt society. Next, the novel "The Thin Man” has a lighter tone through the witty banter
of Nick and Nora Charles, showcasing Hammett's versatility and his ability to blend sharp
dialogue with intricate plotting. Finally, in both "Red Harvest" and "The Dain Curse, “ he
featured the Continental Op and explored the themes of corruption within a town consumed
by crime, setting the template for the morally complex universe that Hammett's characters
would inhabit.
Hammett's personal life was as colorful and tumultuous as his novels. His marriage to
Josephine Dolan ended as he became increasingly involved with playwright Lillian Hellman, a
relationship that would last until his death. After that, Hammett shifted his focus towards
political activism, becoming a vocal advocate for civil liberties and aligning himself with the
Communist Party. His political affiliations, particularly during the McCarthy era, led to a
prison term for his refusal to testify in the trial of four communists.
Despite his relatively brief writing career, Hammett's impact on detective fiction is indelible.
He transformed the genre from genteel puzzles to stories rich in psychological depth and
realism. His works not only influenced countless writers but also found success in Hollywood,
with adaptations like John Huston’s film version of "The Maltese Falcon," starring Humphrey
Bogart. Dashiell Hammett's narratives and character archetypes have transcended their pulp
fiction origins to become part of the literary canon, offering a window into the interplay
between America's golden age of fiction and its darker societal undercurrents.
3.2 Raymond Thornton Chandler
According to Shane (1976), Raymond Chandler was
born in 1888 in Chicago, but his early life and
education were predominantly shaped in England
following his parents' divorce. He studied in London,
where he received a robust education in both classical
and modern subjects. Afterwards, Chandler furthered
his studies in France and Germany and became a
naturalized British citizen to work in the civil service.
However, his tenure at the Admiralty was short-lived,
and he soon ventured into journalism and teaching
before moving back to the United States. Upon his
return to the U.S., Chandler pursued various jobs, from
banking to bookkeeping, and eventually worked as an
auditor in an oil company, a role he lost due to his
struggles with alcoholism. He then married Cissy
Hurlburt, a significant supporter in his life, and under
her encouragement, he turned to writing full-time at
the age of forty-five.
Chandler's first short story, "Blackmailers Don't Shoot," marked the beginning of his prolific
writing career. His work soon distinguished itself from typical pulp fiction by injecting greater
depth and humanity into the hard-boiled genre. Chandler's most celebrated creation, Philip
Marlowe, debuted in “The Big Sleep”, where Marlowe, an idealistic yet cynical private
investigator, became synonymous with the genre, known for his moral integrity and literary
sophistication. Chandler's portrayal of Los Angeles as a city riddled with corruption and
glamor became a defining feature of his work, influencing the noir tradition in both literature
and cinema.
Importantly, Chandler's foray into Hollywood began when he co-wrote the screenplay for
“Double Indemnity” with Billy Wilder. His screenwriting not only provided financial stability but
also expanded his influence in the portrayal of crime and morality in popular culture.
Despite his professional successes, Chandler's personal life was fraught with challenges,
notably his wife Cissy's long illness and his own battles with alcoholism. After Cissy's death,
Chandler's health and writing suffered significantly, culminating in a suicide attempt. He
continued to engage in political activism and served as the president of the Mystery Writers
of America towards the end of his life. Chandler passed away in 1959, in California, leaving
behind a legacy that is celebrated for elevating hard-boiled detective fiction to new literary
heights. His complex plots, characterized by a cynical view of society and a deep exploration
of moral ambiguity, set a new standard for realism in the genre. Chandler's contribution to
detective fiction is not merely in his creation of Philip Marlowe or his stylistic innovations but
in how he portrayed the struggle between personal honor and societal corruption. This legacy
continues to influence not only literature but also the broader realms of film and popular
culture, cementing his status as a pivotal figure in 20th-century American literature.
4. THE ENGLISH DETECTIVE NOVEL
The English detective novel has
experienced a significant transformation
since its inception, reflecting broader
societal shifts over the centuries. In the
late 19th century, as Britain transitioned
from the Victorian era into a period
marked by rapid industrialization and
societal upheaval, the detective genre
began to evolve. The emergence of
universal suffrage, labor strikes, and the
decline of the British Empire set the
stage for a literary revolution, where the
detective story morphed from simple
entertainment into a reflection of
contemporary social issues.
During the 1920s, known as the Golden
Age of detective fiction, authors like
Agatha Christie captivated readers with
complex puzzle mysteries. These
narratives were grounded in logical
deduction and featured erudite
detectives such as Hercule Poirot and
Lord Peter Wimsey, who solved crimes
within the upper echelons of society. This
era celebrated the intellectual rigor of
detective work, contrasting sharply with
the hard-boiled realism that would
emerge in American fiction.
The mid-20th century brought significant changes
with the rise of modernism in literature, which
influenced the detective genre deeply. In recent
years, the English detective novel has embraced
diversity and explored complex social issues,
reflecting contemporary concerns such as class
dynamics, political intrigue, and the impact of
technology on society. Authors like P.D. James
have pushed the genre into new territories,
incorporating psychological depth and detailed
character development into their narratives. The
genre has also seen a rise in psychological thrillers,
with writers like Gillian Flynn and Tana French
blurring the lines between detective fiction and
psychological suspense.
Modern English detective fiction often emphasizes
strong local settings, which play a crucial role in
shaping the narrative. This trend is evident in works
set in specific locales, such as Ian Rankin's
Edinburgh-based novels and Colin Dexter's
Oxford-set Inspector Morse series. The importance
of setting reflects a broader trend towards realism
and authenticity in contemporary detective fiction.
The evolution of the English detective novel from
its Victorian roots to its current form illustrates the
genre's remarkable adaptability and enduring
appeal. As it continues to evolve, the detective
novel remains a mirror to societal changes and a
platform for exploring complex human behaviors.
Whether through the intellectual puzzles of the
Golden Age or the gritty realism of modern
narratives, the English detective novel continues to
captivate and challenge readers, proving its
significance in the literary landscape.
4.1 P. D. James
Phyllis Dorothy James, known widely as P.D. James, was
born on August 3, 1920, in Oxford, England. Growing
up in Cambridge from the age of eleven, she attended
the Cambridge High School for Girls. Despite her
formal education ending prematurely at sixteen due to
financial constraints, James was self-educated and
possessed a voracious appetite for literature. Her early
experiences in the university town deeply influenced
her literary career.
After a stint in various jobs to support her family following World War II, James entered the
British civil service in 1949, working initially in the National Health Service and later in the
Criminal Law Department at the Home Office. These roles exposed her to the intricacies of
the criminal justice system, providing rich material for her future novels. James began writing
in the mid-1950s, publishing her first detective novel, "Cover Her Face," in 1962. This book
introduced the world to Adam Dalgliesh, a poet and detective chief inspector at Scotland
Yard, who would become one of the most enduring characters in the crime fiction genre.
James's novels are celebrated for their deep psychological insight, complex plots, and keen
moral sensibilities. Her writing often explored the nature of human evil and morality, set
against the backdrop of the British class system. James did not shy away from tackling hard
social issues such as the politics of the public sector and the complexities of personal
morality. Her narrative style is noted for its eloquent prose, intricate character development,
and detailed depictions of the social settings that frame her characters' lives.
Throughout her career, James wrote a series of novels featuring Dalgliesh that delved deep
into the personal and professional lives of law enforcement officers. Titles such as "A Taste
for Death," "Devices and Desires," and "Death in Holy Orders" reflect her ability to weave
complex narratives that combine elements of the traditional detective story with insightful
explorations of human psychology and society. Additionally, James wrote novels featuring
private detective Cordelia Gray and ventured outside the mystery genre with "The Children of
Men," a dystopian novel that examines a world unable to produce children.
James's work earned her numerous awards and honors, including the Mystery Writers of
America Grandmaster Award and the British Book Awards Crime Thriller of the Year. She was
appointed a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and the Royal Society of Arts, reflecting
her contributions not just to genre fiction but to British literature as a whole.
P.D. James passed away in 2014, but her legacy endures through her profound impact on the
crime fiction genre. Her work not only entertained but also provided sharp commentary on the
human condition, making her one of the 20th century's most important and respected crime
novelists. James's influence is evident in the works of contemporary authors who seek to
transcend the boundaries of genre to offer commentary on morality and society. Her novels
continue to be read and cherished, offering timeless insights into the complexities of both the
criminal mind and the human heart.
4. CONCLUSION
In this chapter, we have examined the evolution of the detective novel, highlighting two
main lines in its history. The Victorian Tradition, popularized by A. Conan Doyle and
succeeded by A. Christie, featured linear mystery plots, amateur detectives, and deductive
solutions to crimes committed in upper-class society. Over time, this tradition gave way to a
more scientific form of investigation, portrayed by professionals such as doctors, lawyers,
and scientists.
On the other hand, the romantic Victorian setting of a well-adjusted society transitioned to
morally ambiguous urban environments in hard-boiled crime fiction, notably exemplified by
writers like Hammett and Chandler. These novels reflected the changing social and political
landscape of the thirties and forties, with the cinema industry and TV series further
popularizing the genre and exploiting new storytelling possibilities.
The modern detective novel, represented by P. D. James, emerges as a model for the new
generation of detective writing, consolidating modern crime fiction. James's works embody a
shift in the portrayal of society and morality, showcasing a profound impact on the crime
fiction genre.
As the detective novel continues to evolve, it is evident that the legacy of both the Victorian
Tradition and the hard-boiled crime fiction will continue to influence and inspire
contemporary authors, shaping the future of detective writing. P. D. James's contributions
solidify her as a pivotal figure in modern crime fiction, leaving a lasting imprint on the genre.
5. DIDACTIC IMPLICATIONS
nder the framework of LOMLOE, which is Spain's latest educational reform aimed at
modernizing and adapting educational practices to contemporary needs, integrating
detective fiction into the secondary English classroom aligns well with its directives since it
emphasizes competency-based learning, inclusivity, and the development of critical thinking
and digital competence.
Detective novels provide a rich resource for enhancing language skills through exposure to
diverse vocabulary and complex narrative structures. This helps students build their linguistic
competencies in real-world contexts, an essential aspect of LOMLOE’s approach. Analyzing
detective fiction helps develop students' ability to interpret texts and understand broader
literary devices and themes, fostering a deeper appreciation for literature as outlined in
LOMLOE’s curriculum.
Moreover, these novels inherently require deduction and critical analysis, aligning with
LOMLOE’s focus on teaching students to think critically and solve problems efficiently. Many
detective stories involve moral dilemmas and ethical decision-making, reflecting LOMLOE’s
emphasis on teaching values and civic responsibility.
By incorporating adaptations of detective stories through films or digital media, students
can engage with interactive platforms or digital storytelling tools that enhance their
understanding and make learning more dynamic.
Bedides, detective novels from different cultures and times provide insights into societal
norms and human behaviors, promoting cultural awareness and empathy, a key aspect of
the inclusivity promoted by LOMLOE. Hence, exploring detective fiction from around the
world can help include diverse voices and perspectives in the classroom.
In terms of intersidciplinarity, detective fiction can be connected with subjects like history,
social sciences, and ethics, helping students understand complex, multifaceted issues.
In order to implement these strategies, teachers could encourage students to become
detectives themselves through project-based learning where they solve mysteries using clues
from the texts. Also, group discussions and collaborative projects on detective stories can
promote social and civic competences by teaching students to work together and respect
diverse opinions.
For assessing, we can use formative assessment strategies to gauge students' understanding
as they analyze detective fiction such as story writing or multimedia presentations that allow
students to demonstrate their learning in various formats. These can be done by using
digital tools for creating interactive timelines, virtual crime scenes, or collaborative boards
where students can post theories and evidence, aligning with LOMLOE’s push for integrating
technology into education.
By aligning the use of detective fiction with LOMLOE’s educational reforms, teachers can
not only enhance the language skills of their students but also foster a holistic educational
experience that builds critical competencies needed for their future academic and personal
success.
Lesson 1: Introduction to Detective Fiction
1. Interactive Presentation: Introduce detective fiction through a teacher-led presentation that covers its history,
notable authors, and key characteristics of sub-genres (e.g., classic, hard-boiled, noir, procedural).
2. Group Discussion: Students discuss in groups their previous experiences with detective stories, either as
books, movies, or television series. Each group presents a brief summary of a detective story they are familiar
with and classifies it into one of the introduced sub-genres.
3. Homework Assignment: Students choose a detective novel from a curated list and read the first chapter as
preparation for the next class.
Lesson 2: The Art of Deduction
1. Reading Comprehension Exercise: Students answer comprehension questions based on the first chapter read
as homework to ensure understanding and recall.
2. Clue Analysis Workshop: In groups, students identify potential clues from the text and discuss their possible
meanings and implications for the story's outcome.
3. Deductive Reasoning Challenge: Each group uses the clues to make predictions about the story's
development and presents their hypotheses to the class.
Lesson 3: Characters and Context
1. Character Mapping: Students create character maps that detail relationships, traits, and development
throughout the novel. This activity includes a focus on the detective's character and how they embody certain
societal values or issues.
2. Cultural Context Presentation: Students research and present on the historical and cultural background of
the novel's setting, discussing how these elements influence the narrative and characters.
3. Interactive Discussion: Facilitate a class discussion on how different cultural settings might alter the style and
substance of detective fiction.
Lesson 4: Digital Storytelling and Final Assessment
1. Digital Storytelling Workshop: Students use digital tools (like Adobe Spark or Microsoft Sway) to create
interactive presentations that summarize their novel, analyze key characters, present their deductive process,
and predict the story's resolution.
2. Peer Review: Students present their digital stories to the class and receive feedback from peers based on a
rubric that includes narrative clarity, analytical depth, and creativity.
3. Reflection and Feedback: Conclude the project with a reflective session where students discuss what they
learned about detective fiction and how it applies to understanding human behavior and societal structures.
Lesson 5: Vocabulary Building through Escape Room
1. Briefing: Introduce students to the escape room scenario. Provide background information and explain the
rules. Distribute detective notebooks containing clues and glossaries of terms they might encounter.
2. Escape Room Challenges:
Riddle Decoding: Use riddles that involve synonyms, antonyms, and definitions of new vocabulary. Solving
these riddles will give students parts of keys to unlock boxes or digital files.
Cipher Puzzles: Include ciphers where students need to decode messages using vocabulary terms. For
instance, a cipher puzzle where each number corresponds to a letter in specific vocabulary words they've
learned.
Word Search with a Twist: Incorporate a giant word search that includes red herrings. Each correct term
they find and highlight will help them piece together a hidden message or clue leading to the next step.
Lock Boxes: Use lock boxes that can only be opened by solving vocabulary quizzes or matching words
with their correct definitions or uses in context.
3. Group Collaboration: Encourage students to work in teams to solve each challenge, promoting not only
language use but also teamwork and communication skills.
4. Debriefing Session: After the escape room, conduct a debriefing session where students discuss the
vocabulary learned, strategies used to solve the puzzles, and how the activity helped them understand the
language better.
Lección
**Lección 1: Introducción a la
Ficción Detectivesca**
**Lección 2: El Arte de la
Deducción**
**Lección 3: Personajes y
Contexto**
**Lección 4: Narrativa Digital y
Evaluación Final**
**Lección 5: Desarrollo de
Vocabulario a través de Sala de
Escape**
Descripción de la Actividad
**CCL2:** Presentación interactiva sobre la historia, autores
destacados y características clave de los subgéneros de la
ficción detectivesca. **CCL5:** Discusión grupal sobre
experiencias previas con historias detectivescas, seguida de la
presentación de resúmenes clasificando una historia
detectivesca familiar en un subgénero. **CD1:** Asignación de
lectura de un capítulo de una novela detectivesca como tarea.
**CCL2:** Ejercicio de comprensión de lectura basado en el
capítulo leído como tarea para asegurar entendimiento y
recuerdo. **CCL3:** Trabajo en grupos para identificar pistas
potenciales en el texto, discutiendo sus posibles significados e
implicaciones. **CCL4:** Desafío de razonamiento deductivo,
donde cada grupo presenta sus hipótesis sobre el desarrollo de
la historia basadas en las pistas identificadas.
**CCL1:** Creación de mapas de personajes para visualizar
relaciones, rasgos y desarrollo a lo largo de la novela.
**CCL2:** Presentación sobre el contexto histórico y cultural
de la novela, explorando su influencia en la narrativa y los
personajes. **CCL5:** Discusión interactiva sobre cómo los
ajustes culturales pueden alterar el estilo y contenido de la
ficción detectivesca.
**CD2:** Talleres de narrativa digital, donde los estudiantes
crean presentaciones interactivas que resumen la novela,
analizan personajes clave, presentan su proceso deductivo y
predicen el desenlace de la historia. **CCL1:** Presentación
de historias digitales con enfoque en claridad narrativa,
profundidad analítica y creatividad. **CCL3:** Revisión y
revisión de las presentaciones digitales con retroalimentación
de los compañeros.
**CCL1:** Introducción a un escenario de sala de escape con
desafíos de vocabulario que fomentan la fluidez y la precisión
en el uso del idioma. **CCL3:** Resolución de acertijos que
implican sinónimos, antónimos y definiciones de nuevas
palabras para desbloquear pistas y avanzar en la sala de
escape. **CCL5:** Fomento de la colaboración en grupo para
resolver los desafíos, promoviendo habilidades de trabajo en
equipo y comunicación efectiva.
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hart, J. D. (1983). The Oxford Companion to American Literature, V edition, Oxford University Press.
Symons, J. (1992). Bloody Murder, Pan Books Ltd., London.
A.C. Ward (1981). Longman Companion to Twentieth Century Literature, Third edition.
F. M Shane . (1976). The life of Raymond Chandler, N. York.

WEBSITES:
https://blocs.mesvilaweb.cat/subirats/the-northamerican-black-novel-d-hammlet-and-r-
chandler-the-english-detective-novel-pd-james/
https://www.oposinet.com/temario-de-ingles-secundaria/temario-2-ingles-secundaria/topic-60-
northamerican-hard-boiled-novels-dashiell-hammett-and-raymond-chandler-detective-english-
novel-p-d-james-2/
https://www.novelsuspects.com/articles/hardboiled-vs-classic-detective-fiction/
https://www.storyboardthat.com/articles/e/elements-of-detective-fiction#
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHMjtMjVGLc&ab_channel=AuthorDocumentaries
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MYY4CxG_GQ&ab_channel=AuthorDocumentaries

7. PRACTICAL EXAM
“Samuel Spade's jaw was long and bony, his chin a jutting v under the more flexible v of his mouth. His
nostrils curved back to make another, smaller, v. His yellow-grey eyes were horizontal. The v motif was picked
up again by thickish brows rising outward from twin creases above a hooked nose, and his pale brown hair
grew down-- from high flat temples--in a point on his forehead. He looked rather pleasantly like a blond
satan.
He said to Effie Perine: 'Yes, sweetheart?"
She was a lanky sunburned girl whose tan dress of thin woolen stuff clung to her with an effect of dampness.
Her eyes were brown and playful in a shiny boyish face. She finished shutting the door behind her, leaned
against it, and said: "There's a girl wants to see you. Her name's Wonderly."
"A customer?"
"I guess so. You'll want to see her anyway: she's a knockout."
"Shoo her in, darling," said Spade. "Shoo her in."
Effie Perine opened the door again, following it back into the outer office, standing with a hand on the knob
while saying: "Will you come in, Miss Wonderly?"
A voice said, "Thank you," so softly that only the purest articulation made the words intelligible, and a young
woman came through the doorway. She advanced slowly, with tentative steps, looking at Spade with
cobalt-blue eyes that were both shy and probing.”

Who is the author of the text?

What is the title of the book from which this excerpt is taken?

Identify the literary movement this book belongs to and describe its main characteristics.

Identify and explain two figures of speech used in this text.

Provide definitions for the following three words from the text:
Jutting
Knockout
Tentative
Find synonyms in the text for the following words:
Gaunt
Investigating
Reserved
Find antonyms in the text for the following words:
Vertical
Somber
Hastily
Explain the meaning of three expressions from the text:
"blond satan"
"effect of dampness"
"purest articulation"
Identify phrasal verbs in the text and provide their meanings:

Explain the word formation process of the following three words from the text:
Sunburned
Woolen
Horizontal
Translate the following lines into Spanish:
"He looked rather pleasantly like a blond satan."
"She was a lanky sunburned girl."
"You'll want to see her anyway: she's a knockout."
Transcribe phonetically the following words from the text:
Cobalt
Horizontal
Playful
Rewrite the following three sentences using the word provided in a way that retains the same meaning:
"He looked rather pleasantly like a blond satan." (RATHER)
"She finished shutting the door behind her." (CLOSED)
"A voice said, 'Thank you,' so softly that only the purest articulation made the words intelligible."
(SHOULD)
Analyse syntactically the sentence:
"She advanced slowly, with tentative steps, looking at Spade with cobalt-blue eyes that were both
shy and probing."
8. SOLUTIONS
Who is the author of the text?
The author of the text is Dashiell Hammett, an American writer famous for his hard-boiled detective novels.

What is the title of the book from which this excerpt is taken?
The excerpt is taken from "The Maltese Falcon," one of Hammett's most famous works.

Literary Context and Analysis

Identify the literary movement this book belongs to and describe its main characteristics.
"The Maltese Falcon" belongs to the literary movement known as hard-boiled detective fiction. This genre is
characterized by its focus on gritty, realistic settings, morally ambiguous characters, and complex, twisted
plots. The prose is often terse and the dialogue loaded with idiomatic expressions, reflecting the tough,
unsentimental tone of the narrative.

Identify and explain two figures of speech used in this text.

Metaphor: The term "blond satan" is a metaphor comparing Samuel Spade to Satan, not in an evil sense but to
highlight his cunning and perhaps morally ambiguous charm.
Alliteration: The use of the 'v' motif in describing Spade's facial features (e.g., "jutting v under the more flexible
v of his mouth") creates a rhythmic alliteration that emphasizes the sharpness and distinctiveness of his
features.

Provide definitions for the following three words from the text:
Jutting: Extending sharply outward or upward; projecting.
Knockout: Informal term used to describe someone as stunning or strikingly attractive.
Tentative: Not certain or fixed; done without confidence; hesitant.

Find synonyms in the text for the following words:

Bony: "Long and bony" could be synonymous with gaunt or lean.
Probing: The look described as "both shy and probing" can be synonymous with investigating or examining.
Shy: In the context given, "shy" can be synonymous with reserved or reticent.

Find antonyms in the text for the following words:

Horizontal: The opposite could be vertical, given the context of describing eyes.
Playful: Serious or somber would be antonyms, considering the playful nature of Effie's demeanor.
Slowly: Quickly or hastily would serve as antonyms for the manner of Miss Wonderly’s movements.

Explain the meaning of three expressions from the text:

"blond satan": This expression suggests that Samuel Spade has an appearance that is charming yet
potentially deceitful or dangerous.
"effect of dampness": This implies that the dress sticks to her as if it were slightly wet, highlighting the effect
of her sunburned skin and perhaps the heat of the environment.
"purest articulation": This indicates that the words were spoken so clearly and precisely that they could be
understood despite being spoken softly.

Identify phrasal verbs in the text and provide their meanings:

Shoo in: This phrasal verb means to invite or allow someone to enter in a casual or informal manner. In the
text, Spade uses it to instruct Effie Perine to let Miss Wonderly come into the office.
Following back: In the context of the text, this phrasal verb describes the action of Effie Perine as she moves in
a backward direction to re-enter the outer office, suggesting a physical movement that retraces or reverses
her initial steps.
Came through: This phrasal verb is used when describing Miss Wonderly entering the room. It means to pass
from one side to the other, particularly through a doorway or barrier, indicating her physical movement from
the outer office to where Spade is located.
Leaned against: To incline one's body against a support structure like a wall or door.
 Explain the word formation process of the following three words from the text:
Sunburned: This word is a compound formed by merging "sun" and "burned." The process used here is
compounding, where two distinct words are combined to form a new word with its own meaning. "Sun" acts as
the cause, and "burned" describes the effect, resulting in a term that refers to skin that has been burned by
exposure to the sun. This combination indicates a specific type of burn, distinguishing it from other burns that
might be caused by different sources, such as fire or chemicals.
"Woolen" is formed from the base word "wool," referring to the fiber obtained from sheep and other animals.
The suffix "-en" is added to create an adjective, which is often used in English to form adjectives indicating the
material something is made from. In this case, "woolen" means made of or resembling wool. This type of
morphological process is known as derivation, where a suffix is added to a base or root word to change its
form and create a new word.
Horizontal: The suffix "-al" is added to "horizon" to form an adjective meaning pertaining to or resembling the
horizon. This addition of "-al" to a noun to form an adjective is another example of derivation. The word
"horizontal" specifically describes something that is parallel to the horizon, emphasizing orientation or
alignment that is perpendicular to the vertical.

Translate the following lines into Spanish:

"He looked rather pleasantly like a blond satan." - "Parecía bastante agradable como un satán rubio."
"She was a lanky sunburned girl." - "Era una chica alta y quemada por el sol."
"You'll want to see her anyway: she's a knockout." - "De todos modos querrás verla: es impactante."
Transcribe phonetically the following words from the text:
Cobalt: /ˈkoʊ.bɑːlt/
Horizontal: /ˌhɔːrɪˈzɒntəl/
Playful: /ˈpleɪfʊl/

Rewrite the following three sentences using the word provided in a way that retains the same meaning:
"Rather pleasantly like a blond devil did he appear."
"The door behind her was completely closed by her."
"Should the words be articulated clearly, 'Thank you' might still be uttered so softly that only the most
precise enunciation would render them intelligible."

Analyse syntactically the sentence:

"She advanced slowly, with tentative steps, looking at Spade with cobalt-blue eyes that were both shy and
probing."
Subject: She
Verb: advanced
Adverb: slowly (modifying how she advanced)
Prepositional Phrase: with tentative steps (describing the manner of her advancement)
Participial Phrase: looking at Spade (describes her action while advancing)
With cobalt-blue eyes: Prepositional phrase modifying "looking"
That were both shy and probing: Relative clause modifying "eyes" describing their appearance and manner.