A MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

ON
“ONLINE MOVIE TICKET BOOKING
SYSTEM”
Submitted by

SURAJ SINGH (2001298200)

Under the guidance of

Prof. Mohaptra Girashree Sahu

In partial fulfilment for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

CSE

GANDHI INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGY (GIFT)

BHUBANESWAR
Affiliated to :

BIJU PATNAIK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

ROURKELA, ODISHA

BATCH 2020-2024
 GANDHI INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGY (GIFT)

BHUBANESWAR

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Major project report entitled “ONLINE MOVIE

TICKET BOOKING SYSTEM” submitted by SURAJ

SINGH(2001298200) in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of

the Degree Bachelor of Technology in “Computer Science & Engineering”

is a bonafide record of the work carried out under our guidance and supervision

at Gandhi Institute for Technology (GIFT).

Mrs. Mohapatra Girashree Sahu Mrs. Sasmita Tripathy Dr. Sujit Kumar
Panda
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Head of Dept.
CSE CSE CSE

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Gandhi Institute for Technology (GIFT), Bhubaneswar

Affiliated to(BIJU PATNAIK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, ODISHA)

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express my deep sense of gratitude and appreciation to Mrs.

Mohapatra Girashree Sahu, Project guide for her constant and
valuable guidance and help in implementing our project topic. She
devoted her invaluable time in proving us the guidance at every step
in our project.

We would like to express gratitude to Dr. Sujit Kumar Panda, Head

of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Gandhi Institute for Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha for
providing us with this opportunity and for his great help and
cooperation.

We are also very thankful to other faculty members of the

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, for their
constant advice, inspiration, guidance and contributing their valuable
time to giving us encouragement.

Again, we are thankful to their valuable suggestion and with whom I

shared many ideas through the problem.

Suraj Singh (2001298200)

Contents
1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................4

1.1 Problem Statement...........................................................................................................5

1.2 Objective..........................................................................................................................5

1.3 Aim...................................................................................................................................5

1.4 Scope................................................................................................................................6

2. Literature Review...............................................................................................................7

2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................7

2.2 Proposed System..............................................................................................................8

2.3 Existing System................................................................................................................9

2.4 Feasibility Study.............................................................................................................10

3. Design...............................................................................................................................12

3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................12

3.2 E-R Diagram..................................................................................................................12

3.3 Data-Flow Diagram........................................................................................................13

3.4 Use Case Diagram..........................................................................................................15

3.5 Activity Diagram............................................................................................................16

4. System Analysis................................................................................................................17

4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................17

4.2 Functional Requirements...............................................................................................17

4.3 Non-Functional Requirements.......................................................................................18

4.4 Software and Hardware Requirements...........................................................................20

Software Requirements........................................................................................................20

4.5 Programming Language Description.............................................................................21

5. Testing and Screenshots....................................................................................................25

5.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................27

5.2 Software Testing............................................................................................................27

 5.3 Software Method Testing...............................................................................................29

5.4 Software Testing Approach............................................................................................31

5.5 Software Testing Levels.................................................................................................34

5.6 Screenshots.....................................................................................................................37

6. Conclusion........................................................................................................................41

7. References.........................................................................................................................42
 ABSTRACT

The online movie ticket system provides a website for a cinema hall where any internet user
can access it. User is required to login to the system and needs booking the tickets. Watching
movies with family and friends in theatres is one of the best medium of entertainment after
having a hectic schedule. But all this excitement vanishes after standing in hours in long
queues to get tickets booked.

The customer will need to enter the information related to film after which the system will
provide complete information regarding currently running movies with details of show
timings and available seats. The user can order his favorite snacks in app which will be
served to them in the cinema hall. If seats are available, the customer can change the position
of the seats while they will get an option to cancel of tickets .If cancellation request is before
three hours of their movie timing then refund facility is also provided to that user. Our online
movie ticket system is one of the best opportunities for those who cannot afford enough time
to get their tickets reserved standing in long queue.

In this system, the staff of the cinema hall won’t have to do anything for the ticket booking as
the process will be done by the customer through the app which will reduce the amount of
staff required in the booking counter.
 CHAPTER-01

1. Introduction

Movie ticket booking in web system is basically made for providing the customers an
anytime and anywhere service for booking cinema tickets and providing information
regarding movies and their online schedule. Due to increase in technology and digitalization
online movie system has become much more popular. Instead of wasting time in queues of
movie counter, it provides easy and efficient way to book the tickets online. It is quite
fascination to sit at home browse the movies which have been released, read the review and
then book the tickets according to our feasibility. Online cinema ticket booking system is
actually in action for the last 15 years but it gained its popularity after 2004 and its reach
increased several folds in the past 6-10 years because of increasing net accessibility. The
main aim of the system is to provide complete information of the movie and schedule to the
customer, according to which he/she can book the tickets. The primary purpose of making the
online cinema ticket booking system is to create an automatic online based System which will
provide an easy and an alternate way to book a ticket for a movie. The customer will need to
Enter the information related to film after which the system will provide options to book the
ticket. In this Online Cinema Ticket Booking System, the staff of the cinema hall won’t have
to do anything for the ticket Booking as the process will be done by the customer through the
web which will reduce the amount of staff Required in the booking counter. Booking System
will provide detailed information so that a customer can know about the movie and based on
The information customer will book the ticket. The customer can be presented with a booking
page, which allows them to add more of the same items or remove items from the combo
items. The booking page also shows the seat type to be booked, no of seats to be booked,
service charges to be applied, ticketing cost and net payable amount to the customer.

With the development of technologies, increasing digitalization, and increasing social

networking, information sharing on internet has become quite. As a result of that all the
online system has become very popular in the last 6-10 years. According to the largest online
purchase happened in Asia Pacific. Discussions and use of online system has become much
more frequent than the offline one. Movie booking system is one such trending system now a
day. It provides the user to online browse and book movie tickets. With the increase in
technology there has been lots of advancement in online booking system. Users are now able
to see the seating plan and they can also book refreshments online. There are also systems
through which users can confirm their ticket and pay while entering to the hall. Digitalization
is one of the most amazing outcomes of technology. It has given easy accessibly of all the
resources available. Wasting time in the queues of movie theatre has been ruled out due to
online system. Also, reviews can be easily read online so that user can get a clearcut picture
about the movie. Online payment has also increased E-Banking which is helpful for the
sound development of countries economy.

1.1 Problem Statement

The traditional way of booking the ticket for the movie is the customer need to go to the
specific theatre where the desired movie was playing and need to stand in queue and buy the
ticket for the movie this will become more difficult for a person in order to overcome this
problem The project gives real life understanding of online movie ticket booking system and
activities performed by various roles in the supply chain.

Here we provide automation for movie ticket booking system through internet. Online movie
ticket booking system project captures activities performed by different roles in real life
ticket booking which provides enhanced techniques for maintaining the required information
up to date, which results in efficiency. The project gives real life understanding of online
movie ticket booking system and activities performed by various roles in the supply chain.

1.2 Objective
The main purpose of Online Movie Ticket Booking system project is to provide an automated
system of buying movie ticket. Now customer can get to know movie show timing and buy
tickets online via internet 24×7. Admin has full control over all modules of this application.
Admin can add new movie details and poster. After that he enters movie schedule and
booking opening date. Customer can view this schedule and book ticket in his desired show
time. Customer should register themselves on the web portal for buying ticket.
1.3 Aim
 The main aim of our online ticket booking system is to provide another way for the
user to buy cinema ticket. It is an automatic system.
 After inserting the data to database, staff need not to due with the order receive
through the system. In fact, there is similar system on the internet, but there is no
refund method found in the existing system.
 This system is basically aimed to provide the user the complete information of the
movie, according to which the user can book the tickets and along with can order
snacks and the refund facility provides more flexibility to the system.
 The goals of our system are:
1. To provide an anytime anyplace service for the user.
2. To minimize the number of staff at the ticket box.
3. To promote the film on the internet.
4. To increase the profit to obtain statistic information from the booking
record.

1.4 Scope
The scope of project “Online Movie Ticket Booking” is to enable the User to select theatre
and then book the desired seat numbers in available seats.
The scope for an online movie ticket booking system is quite extensive, as it caters to a wide
range of users, including moviegoers, theater owners, and administrators. Motive of this is to
booking tickets online. By incorporating these features, an online movie ticket booking
system can offer a comprehensive and user-friendly experience, catering to the needs of both
movie enthusiasts and theater operators.
 CHAPTER-02

2. Literature Review
We did research of various available movie booking web sites and application. While
surveying we mainly focused on the online systems of countries like USA, England, Dubai,
Singapore and India. While searching and researching we focused basically on the platform
and framework in which the application has been developed. Also the various features related
to other systems were analyzed to get an idea of what are the features which has already been
implemented and what are the features that can be added to the system. From the past 18
years in South Africa a seed of an idea of book my show was planted. The site was started in
1999, and since then it is one of the most famous online movie booking system. The web site
mostly gained its popularity between the years 2006-2010. Book My Show was awarded 'The
Hottest Company of the Year2011-12 and “'The Company to watch out for at the prestigious
CNBC Young Turks Award.In May 2016 BookMyShow awarded ‘Best Omni-channel
Customer Experience Brand’ at the One Direct Quest Customer Experience (QuestCX)
Awards. The web site provides detailed information regarding movies.

2.1 Introduction
There are columns in which reviews can be added and published on the web page. These
sorts of features are almost common in all the web sites available. User login and sign up are
the other features with the help of which user can have authorized access to the web site. Seat
confirmation and payment can easily be done using online payment portal which is further
connected to banking system. There is also division in the web site for different cities so that
it becomes quite easy to search theatre in a particular area. With the increasing online system
one more thing has also become popular that is offers and discounts. The web site also
provides various offers applied through coupon code. To increase the traffic of application
mobile coupon codes has been added much more. Trailer videos, games, offers and events are
the other additional modules of the web site to increase the functionality. The site has 34
million apps downloaded till date, 10 million ticket sold per month, and 3billion page view
per month. Golden Village Pictures (GVP) has established in 1993.
It is Singapore's leading independent film distributor. It has been seen for long that
entertainment is very much popular in some of the smaller countries like Singapore and
Dubai. GV is considered as the backbone of movie system in Singapore. It holds 11
multiplexes housing 92 screens with locations at different locations. Golden Village was
established to develop and operate modern, luxurious multiplex cinemas and is the first local
cinema to personalize the movie-going experience through its Movie Club program. In the
year of 2016, GVP brought SULLY and PASSENGERS, both produced by Village
Roadshow Pictures, and Jackie Chan’s RAILROAD TIGERS. When we look at the software
part it uses responsive web designing with Bootstrap. Back end is supported by Python and
Django database connectivity. Quick Buy Check Booking and Check buy are other options
for ticket booking. Shop merchandise, movie voucher code & cards, corporate are the other
modules and functionalities of the web site. Posters and the trailer of the upcoming movies
have also been shown on the web site. Cinema Online is the outcome of two enterprising
individuals who have an ambition of revolutionizing the Singapore movie scene. The website
www.cinema.com.my first saw the light of a screen in October 1998. Since then it has grown
to include thousands of pages worth of content. You can browse and find all the latest
happenings of movies, be they local or international. News, reviews, previews, and contests
are amongst its highlights. All this from the humble beginnings of Cinema Show times, now
encompassing almost ALL Malaysian cinemas, and as always, updated daily for your
convenience. It includes home, movies, charts, features, trailers and show times.

2.2 Proposed System

The online cinema ticket booking system will provide facility to book tickets for a movie
online. A user can book tickets anytime and anywhere as the system will be online based. The
Online Cinema Ticket Booking System will provide detailed information so that a customer
can know about the movie and based on the information customer will book the ticket. The
user can search for the movies which will be going to release in the future, so they will have
an option to book the ticket in advance. The Online Cinema Ticket Booking System will
make the user experience much better than the present system. The Online Cinema Ticket
Booking System will provide a much better experience for booking of movie tickets. If seats
are available, the customer can change the position of the seats while they will get an option
to cancel of tickets.
If we consider software part, it has already been mentioned that apart from Python back end
support we used Django DB connectivity. As speed is the main issue with online system it,
the first thing is to sort out this issue and for this use of the stated framework is best
alternative. As a matter of fact python django used application is almost thirty times faster
than the one which is built with Python and responsive designing. To get the idea of our
system we enacted UML Diagrams as a part of the structure of the whole Movie management
system. UML diagrams are used to show the exact architecture and behaviors of the
system. UML stands for Unified Modelling Language and it is used in object-oriented
software engineering. Although typically used in software engineering it is a rich language
that can be used to model an application structures, behaviour and even business
processes. These are usually known to be the Structural Diagrams while there are behavioural
Diagrams too. There are lots of UML diagrams which help to get the idea of the existing
system like Use Case Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Activity Diagram, and State Chart
Diagram.

After understanding the existing system and understanding the need for developing a new
system different people involved in the related activities have been consulted. The data
needed for the study has been collected from company records.

The computerization of this system would avoid the wrong interpretation and bad calculation
of data .The system help the user to see any documents, source code, tasks, activities, team
information with details at the click of a button. The record data is maintained and backed up
such a way that data is not loss. The speed of the system could also increase.

2.3 Existing System

Today, there are many web-based systems are available which provides the online booking of
a movie ticket, but the refund is not an easy process while in the present system once
someone has chosen the seats they can’t change it. The user who has booked the ticket needs
to go to the booking counter because there is no electronic ticket system, so the customers
have to wait in the queue.
2.4 Feasibility Study
Feasibility study is done so that an ill-conceived system is recognized early in definition
phase. During system engineering, however, we concentrate our attention on four primary
areas of interest. This phase is really important as before starting with the real work of
building the system it was very important to find out whether the idea thought is possible or
not.

 Economic Feasibility: An evaluation of development cost weighted against the

ultimate income or benefit derived from the developed system.
 Technical Feasibility: A study of function, performance and constraints that may
affect the ability to achieve an acceptable system.
 Operational Feasibility: A study about the operational aspects of the system.

ECONOMIC FEASIBLITY : Among the most important information contained in feasibility

study is Cost Benefit Analysis and assessment of the economic justification for a computer
based system project. Cost Benefit Analysis delineates costs for the project development and
weighs them against tangible and intangible benefits of a system. Cost Benefits Analysis is
complicated by the criteria that vary with the characteristics of the system to be developed,
the relative size of the project and the expected return on investment desired as part of
company’s strategic plan. In addition, many benefits derived from a computer-based system
are intangible (e.g. better design quality through iterative optimization, increased customer
satisfaction through programmable control etc.)As this is an in-house project for the
company, to be used for its own convenience and also it is not that big a project. So neither it
requires a huge amount of money nor any costly tools or infrastructure need to be set up for
it. According to the computerized system we propose, the costs can be broken down to two
categories.

1. Costs associated with the development of the system.

2. Costs associated with operating the system.

TECHNICAL ANALYSIS : During technical analysis, the technical merits of the system are
studied and at the same time collecting additional information about performance, reliability,
maintainability and predictability. Technical analysis begins with an assessment of the
technical viability of the proposed system.

What technologies are required to accomplished system function and performance?

What new materials, methods, algorithms or processes are required and what is their
development risk?
How will these obtained from technical analysis form the basis for another go/no-go decision
on the test system. As the software is vary much economically feasible, then it is really
important for it to be technically sound. The software will be build among:

Django as Back End

Python as Front End

OPERATIONAL FEASIBLITY : The project is operationally feasible. This project is being

made for the convenience of the patients and doctors only. This system will greatly reduce a
huge burden of doctors. So because of the above stated advantages the users of the system
will not be reluctant at all. A proposed system is beneficial only if it can be turned into an
information system that will meet the operational requirements of an organization. A system
often fails if it does not fit within existing operations and if users resist the change
 CHAPTER-03

3. Design

3.1 Introduction
Systems design is the process of defining elements of a system like modules, architecture,
components and their interfaces and data for a system based on the specified requirements. It
is the process of defining, developing and designing systems which satisfies the specific
needs and requirements of a business or organization.

3.2 E-R Diagram

An Entity Relationship (ER) Diagram is a type of flowchart that illustrates how “entities”
such as people, objects or concepts relate to each other within a system. ER Diagrams are
most often used to design or debug relational databases in the fields of software engineering,
business information systems, education and research. Also known as ERDs or ER Models,
they use a defined set of symbols such as rectangles, diamonds, ovals and connecting lines to
depict the interconnectedness of entities, relationships and their attributes. They mirror
grammatical structure, with entities as nouns and relationships as verbs.
Figure 3.2.1: E-R diagram
3.3 Data-Flow Diagram
A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical or visual representation using a standardized set of
symbols and notations to describe a business's operations through data movement. They are
often elements of a formal methodology such as Structured Systems Analysis and Design
Method (SSADM). Superficially, DFDs can resemble flow charts or Unified Modeling
Language (UML), but they are not meant to represent details of software logic.

Figure 3.3.1: Data Flow Diagram

3.4 Use Case Diagram

3.1 Activity Diagram

3.2 Sequence Diagram

3.5 Activity Diagram

Activity diagram is basically a flowchart to represent the flow from one activity to another
activity. The activity can be described as an operation of the system. The control flow is
drawn from one operation to another. This flow can be sequential, branched, or concurrent.
 4. System Analysis
4.1 Introduction
System analysis is the process of studying the business processors and procedures, generally
referred to as business systems, to see how they can operate and whether improvement is
needed. This may involve examining data movement and storage, machines and technology
used in the system, programs that control the machines, people providing inputs, doing the
processing and receiving the outputs.

4.2 Functional Requirements

Functional requirements are product features or functions that developers must implement to
enable users to accomplish their tasks. So, it's important to make them clear both for the
development team and the stakeholders. Generally, functional requirements describe system
behavior under specific conditions.

1. Registration –

If a customer wants to book the ticket then he/she must be registered, an unregistered user
can’t book the ticket.

2. Login –

Customer logins to the system by entering valid user id and password for booking the ticket.

3. Search Movie –

The system shall have a search function. Customer or visitor can search movies based
on movie name, date, time and venue

4. Seat Viewing –

The customer shall be shown a 2D image of the seats from which the desired seats are
selected.

5.Ticket canceling –

The customer shall be given an option to cancel ticket one hour before the movie with some
fine.

6. Payment –

For the customer there are many types of secure billing will be prepaid by debit or credit
card. The security will provide by the third party like Pay-Pal etc.

7. Logout –

After the payment or browse the movie, the customer will log out.

8. Generate ticket –
After booking, the system can generate the portable document file (.pdf) and then sent one
copy to the customer’s Email-address and another one as an SMS to customer’s phone.

9. Add movies –

The system shall have a feature for admin to add movies and their details.

10. Remove movies –

The system shall have a feature for admin to remove movies.

4.3 Non-Functional Requirements

1. Security –

The system uses SSL (secured socket layer) in all transactions that include any confidential
customer information.

The system must automatically log out all customers after a period of inactivity.

The system should not leave any cookies on the customer’s computer containing the user’s
password.

The system’s back-end servers shall only be accessible to authenticated administrators.

Sensitive data will be encrypted before being sent over insecure connections like the internet.

2. Reliability –

The system provides storage of all databases on redundant computers with automatic
switchover.

The reliability of the overall program depends on the reliability of the separate components.
The main pillar of the reliability of the system is the backup of the database which is
continuously maintained and updated to reflect the most recent changes.

Thus the overall stability of the system depends on the stability of container and its
underlying operating system.

3. Availability –
The system should be available at all times, meaning the user can access it using a web
browser, only restricted by the downtime of the server on which the system runs. In case of
an of a hardware failure or database corruption, a replacement page will be shown. Also in
case of a hardware failure or database corruption, backups of the database should be retrieved
from the server and saved by the administrator. Then the service will be restarted. It means 24
X 7 availability.

4. Maintainability –

A commercial database is used for maintaining the database and the application server takes
care of the site. In case of a failure, a re-initialization of the program will be done. Also, the
software design is being done with modularity in mind so that maintainability can be done
efficiently.

5. Portability –

The application is HTML and scripting language based. So The end-user part is fully portable
and any system using any web browser should be able to use the features of the system,
including any hardware platform that is available or will be available in the future.

An end-user is using this system on any OS; either it is Windows or Linux.

The system shall run on PC, Laptops, and PDA etc.

6. Accessibility –

The system will be a web-based application it is going to be accessible on the web browser.

7. Back up –

We will take a backup in our system database. In order to enable the administrator and the
user to access the data from our system!

8. Performance –

The product shall be based on web and has to be run from a web server.

The product shall take initial load time depending on internet connection strength which also
depends on the media from which the product is run.

The performance shall depend upon hardware components of the client/customer

9. Accessibility –
The system shall provide handicap access.

The system shall provide multi-language support.

10. Supportability –

The source code developed for this system shall be maintained in configuration management
tool.

4.4 Software and Hardware Requirements

Software Requirements

• Client on Internet: Web Browser, Operating System (any)

• Web Server: Operating System (any), Apache 2

• Database: Django

• Scripting Language: Python Pychrm, JQuery

Hardware Requirements

User Interface

• python has been used for developing the User Layout for the system

• CSS has been used for designing the web pages of the system

• Processor : Intel Pentium IV or more

• Ram : 512 MB or more

• Cache : 1 MB

• Hard Disk : 10 GB recommended

4.5 Programming Language Description

PYTHON
Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language with dynamic
semantics. Its high-level built in data structures, combined with dynamic typing and dynamic
binding, make it very attractive for Rapid Application Development, as well as for use as a
scripting or glue language to connect existing components together. Python's simple, easy to
learn syntax emphasizes readability and therefore reduces the cost of program maintenance.
Python supports modules and packages, which encourages program modularity and code
reuse. The Python interpreter and the extensive standard library are available in source or
binary form without charge for all major platforms, and can be freely distributed.

Often, programmers fall in love with Python because of the increased productivity it
provides. Since there is no compilation step, the edit-test-debug cycle is incredibly fast.
Debugging Python programs is easy: a bug or bad input will never cause a segmentation
fault. Instead, when the interpreter discovers an error, it raises an exception. When the
program doesn't catch the exception, the interpreter prints a stack trace. A source level
debugger allows inspection of local and global variables, evaluation of arbitrary expressions,
setting breakpoints, stepping through the code a line at a time, and so on. The debugger is
written in Python itself, testifying to Python's introspective power. On the other hand, often
the quickest way to debug a program is to add a few print statements to the source: the fast
edit-test-debug cycle makes this simple approach very effective.

HTML

HTML, in full hypertext markup language, a formatting system for displaying material
retrieved over the Internet. Each retrieval unit is known as a Web page (from World Wide
Web), and such pages frequently contain hypertext links that allow related pages to be
retrieved.
HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages.

 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

 HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
 HTML describes the structure of a Web page
 HTML consists of a series of elements
 HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
 HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a
paragraph", "this is a link", etc.

CSS

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a
document written in HTML or XML (including XML dialects such
as SVG, MathML or XHTML). CSS describes how elements should be rendered on screen,
on paper, in speech, or on other media.

CSS is among the core languages of the open web and is standardized across Web browsers
according to W3C specifications. Previously, development of various parts of CSS
specification was done synchronously, which allowed versioning of the latest
recommendations. You might have heard about CSS1, CSS2.1, CSS3. However, CSS4 has
never become an official version.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style and layout web pages — for example, to alter
the font, color, size, and spacing of your content, split it into multiple columns, or add
animations and other decorative features. This module provides a gentle beginning to your
path towards CSS mastery with the basics of how it works, what the syntax looks like, and
how you can start using it to add styling to HTML.

With the basics of the CSS language covered, the next CSS topic for you to concentrate on is
styling text — one of the most common things you'll do with CSS. Here we look at text
styling fundamentals, including setting font, boldness, italics, line and letter spacing, drop
shadows, and other text features. We round off the module by looking at applying custom
fonts to your page, and styling lists and links.

At this point we've already looked at CSS fundamentals, how to style text, and how to style
and manipulate the boxes that your content sits inside. Now it's time to look at how to place
your boxes in the right place in relation to the viewport, and to each other. We have covered
the necessary prerequisites so we can now dive deep into CSS layout, looking at different
display settings, modern layout tools like flexbox, CSS grid, and positioning, and some of the
legacy techniques you might still want to know about.

JAVA

Java is a widely used object-oriented programming language and software platform that runs
on billions of devices, including notebook computers, mobile devices, gaming consoles,
medical devices and many others. The rules and syntax of Java are based on the C and C++
languages.
One major advantage of developing software with Java is its portability. Once you have
written code for a Java program on a notebook computer, it is very easy to move the code to a
mobile device. When the language was invented in 1991 by James Gosling of Sun
Microsystems (later acquired by Oracle), the primary goal was to be able to "write once, run
anywhere."

It's also important to understand that Java is much different from JavaScript. Javascript does
not need to be compiled, while Java code does need to be compiled. Also, Javascript only
runs on web browsers while Java can be run anywhere.

New and improved software development tools are coming to market at a remarkable pace,
displacing incumbent products once thought to be indispensable. In light of this continual
turnover, Java’s longevity is impressive; more than two decades after its creation, Java is still
the most popular language for application software development—developers continue to
choose it over languages such as Python, Ruby, PHP, Swift, C++, and others. As a result,
Java remains an important requirement for competing in the job market.

5. Testing and Screenshots

In this chapter, I will discuss a practical example of electronic marking through the use of the
Generic Interface System.
As defined by the ANSI/IEEE 1059 standard,“Testing is the process of analyzing a software
item to detect the differences between existing and required conditions (that is,
defects/errors/bugs) and to evaluate the features of the software item.”
Software Testing is a way to ensure that the end product matches the expected standards. The
aim of software testing is:
 To evaluate functionality.

 To identify bugs & defects.

 To identify gaps between existing and expected conditions.

Here, we have listed and explained five advantages of software testing.

1. Saves Money

2. High Quality

3. User Experience

4. Brings Profits

5. Business Optimization

 Saves Money
There are many ways you can make the process of software development a little cost-
 effective. One way is to test the software properly. You can save a lot of money by
testing software before implementing it. Executing faulty software will cost you
numerous investments, users, and clients. Also, testing ensures that your software
does not need continuous fixing – thus saving money in the long run.

 High Quality
Software testing aims to remove bugs and defects in your software to ensure smooth
functioning. Hence, you can guarantee high-quality software to your clients.
Delivering good quality software also plays a significant role in building a brand
image. High-quality software attracts more customers and higher payments.
 User Experience
User Experience plays an essential role in deciding the successful launch of the
software. A user will only use software continuously if it is basic and straightforward.
If the user experience is terrible, it will be complicated or challenging to use the
software. The software needs to be simple, direct, easy to use, and ensure a good user
experience. It is essential to test software rigorously for this purpose.
Flawless user experience leads to recommendations and a boost in your business.

 Brings Profits
Software testing plays an essential role in bringing profits. It heightens the Return on
Investment by ensuring good quality. Rigorous Software Testing leads to high-quality
and efficient software, resulting in good user experience, client satisfaction, and good
word-of-mouth. It will help you to retain old clients as well as gain new ones. Hence,
it leads to profits. Also, since software testing enables you to remove as many bugs as
possible in the early stages of development, long-run investments in debugging are
reduced.

 Business Optimization
Business optimization implies happy users, client retention, low servicing costs,
increased profits, better quality, and a superior brand image. All this depends on the
quality of the software you offer to your users, which can be ensured only with careful
and continuous Software Testing. Faulty software can also lead to disturbed
 communication within your company, causing unnecessary problems and
inefficiency. The implications of faulty software can be avoided with the help of
Software Testing.

5.1 Introduction
The most important implication of this system is the student ability to access the system and
see the courses and all pertinent assignments with respect to each course as well as the ability
of the students to submit the assignments before deadline.

Django comes with a test suite of its own, in the tests directory of the code base. It’s our
policy to make sure all tests pass at all times.

We appreciate any and all contributions to the test suite!

The Django tests all use the testing infrastructure that ships with Django for testing
applications. See Writing and running tests for an explanation of how to write new tests.

5.2 Software Testing

Software testing is of two types:
1. Manual Testing

2. Automation Testing
Manual Testing

Testing software only by human intervention is known as manual testing. Verification of

existing conditions with requirements is done. Manual testing may include detailed step-by-
step test cases for testing periods.

Some advantages of Manual Testing are:

 Cost-Effective
Manual Testing can save you the costs of using automatic tools to test software.
 Nothing can beat the human eye
There are many instances when the human eye catches something which goes unseen
by an automated tool. If something looks “off,” it can immediately be rectified by the
tester.
 User Experience modification –
You cannot rely entirely on an automated tool to provide you with the best user
experience. Some things, like visual or design bugs, can be identified more effectively
by the human eye.

 Flexibility – With manual testing, the advantage of flexibly rectifying bugs is added.

Automation Testing

Testing software by using automation tools is known as automation testing. There are various
tools accessible that can assist you in automatically testing your software, which will be
discussed later in this article.

Some advantages of Automation Testing are:

 Test execution can be scheduled
With automation testing, you can schedule the software testing anytime from
anywhere. It provides this flexibility as you don’t have to be physically present for the
testing. You have automated tools to assist you.
 Regression testing is easy
Regression testing refers to running functional and non-functional tests repeatedly to
ensure the smooth functioning of the software after a change has been made. It is the
pain spot for every software tester as it is tedious and time-consuming. Automation
testing eases this process as you can schedule and conduct the regression test to be
performed automatically at any time.
  It enables you to reuse your test scripts.

 Saves time
Automation testing increases the speed as you don’t have to overlook it manually. It
frees you from spending a lot of time on test scripts and repeated testing, hence
increasing your efficiency and offering you a chance to work on other aspects of the
software.

5.3 Software Method Testing

There are two methods for testing software –
1. Dynamic Testing

2. Static Testing

Static Testing

Static Testing refers to testing the software for bugs without running the code. It is usually
performed at the initial stages of development to debug the software easily. It is carried out
through both manual and automation testing.
Some of the things tested in static testing are mentioned below:
 Business Requirements Document

 Unit test cases

 Functional requirements
  Use cases

 Test data

 Prototype

 Prototype Specification Document

 Traceability Matrix Document

 User Manual

 Automation Scripts

Some benefits of Static Testing are mentioned below:

 It helps to identify defects in the code.

 It is a fast and easy way to identify and rectify errors.

 It is possible to find mistakes at initial stages with Static Testing.

Dynamic Testing

Dynamic Testing refers to testing the software for functionality, memory usage and overall
operation by running the code. Dynamic testing aims to assess software performance with
dynamic factors or non-constant variables.
For example, suppose you are testing a social media log-in platform.
There are two fields available – “Username” and “Password.”
If the “Password” field is restricted to alphabets only and you put “LH123”, the system will
show “error.” But, if you put “Leeway,” the system will accept it.
This shows that the code is functioning dynamically with different inputs.
Dynamic Testing aims to ensure the smooth functioning of the software after and while
installing it.
Some advantages of Dynamic Testing are:
 It supports the analysis of applications.

 It reveals errors missed out by Static Testing.

 It ensures the quality of the software by making it mostly bug-free.

 It validates the findings of Static Testing.

 It can be implemented with any application.

Some disadvantages of Dynamic Testing are:
 It is time-consuming.

 It is costly.

5.4 Software Testing Approach

There are mainly three approaches to Software Testing:
1. White Box Testing

2. Black Box Testing

3. Grey Box Testing

White Box Testing

White box testing is also known as clear box testing/glass box testing/structural testing/open
box testing.
Here, you know the design or code of the software. The purpose is to check the software’s
functioning based on the code.
White box testing analyses the inner functioning of the system. You need to have the
programming knowledge to perform it.
Some advantages of White Box Testing are:
 It can be performed at the initial stages.
  It is more thorough.

 It allows us to find hidden defects.

 It helps in code optimization.

 Maximum coverage is ensured due to knowledge of code.

Some disadvantages of White Box Testing are:

 It can be complicated.

 It requires highly skilled resources.

 Tools to perform white-box testing may not be readily available.

Black Box Testing

Black box testing is also known as Behavioral Testing.

Here, you are not aware of the internal design or code.
It aims to find bugs in the functions, interface, data structures, behavior, initialization and
termination.
Some advantages of Black Box Testing are:
 It exposes inconsistencies in specifications.

 There is no need to understand programming.

Some disadvantages of Black Box Testing are:

 Tests may be tough to design.

 Many bugs can go undetected.

Black Box Testing is further classified into two categories:

 Functional Testing

 Non Functional Testing

1. Functional Testing – Functional testing aims to verify that there are no gaps between
developed features/functions and required features/functions.
The QA team writes functional test cases. After providing the input, the outputs are verified
and the actual results are compared with the expected outcomes.
Functional testing is performed at various levels like
 Unit Testing
  Integration Testing

 System Testing

 Acceptance Testing

The levels of testing will be discussed later in this article.

2. Non-Functional Testing – Non-functional testing aims to focus on the non-functional
parts of the software like:
 memory leaks

 performance

 toughness

 load

 volume

 scalability

 usability

Non Functional Testing is performed at all levels.

Grey Box Testing

Grey box testing is a mixture of white-box testing and black-box testing. Detailed design
documents and requirements are accessible to you.
Some advantages of Grey Box Testing are:
 It provides combined benefits of white box testing and black-box testing.

 Grey box testers can develop more intelligent tests.

 Developers and testers have clear goals while testing.

 The overall quality of the software is enhanced.

5.5 Software Testing Levels

There are mainly four levels of software testing:
1. Unit Testing

2. Integration Testing
 3. System Testing

4. Acceptance Testing

Unit Testing

A unit is the tiniest testable component of the software. At this level, individual units of the
software are tested.
The aim is to ensure the proper functioning of each unit.
It usually has a few inputs and a single output. White Box Testing and Functional Testing are
applicable at this level.
Some advantages of unit testing are:
 For unit testing, easier codes are made.
  It increases the confidence to modify and maintain codes.

 It ensures faster development.

 It is cost-effective.

 The process is made agile.

 It improves the quality of code.

 It simplifies debugging.

Integration Testing

At this level, individual units are grouped for testing. This level aims to detect errors in the
integrated units’ interaction.
All three approaches to software testing are applicable at this level.
Some advantages of Integration Testing are:
 It ensures that units function together.

 It can be done at the initial stages.

 It can be done with individual modules of the software.

 It conveniently finds issues at the system-level (e.g., integration defects)

System Testing

At this level, the integrated software is tested wholly.

This level aims to assess the conformity of the software with the established requirements and
end-to-end testing. Black Box Testing is usually applicable at this level.
Some advantages of system testing are:
 It assesses the system against the user’s work, practical and technical requirements.

 It assists in identifying maximum bugs.

 It heightens the team’s confidence by ensuring that the software is functioning

smoothly as a whole.

 It detects bugs missed out by Unit Testing and Integration Testing.

Acceptance Testing
At this level, the software is assessed for acceptability. The software is verified against the
requirements to ensure it is adequate for delivery.
Some advantages of Acceptance Testing are:
 It ensures that the present conditions meet the expected needs.

 It reduces the risk of identifying major bugs during production.

 It identifies bugs left out during the earlier levels.

 It ensures the proper functioning of the end product.

5.6 Screenshots
 6. Conclusion
The entire project has been developed and deployed as per the requirements stated by the
user, it is found to be bug free as per the testing standards that is implemented. Any
specification-untraced errors will be concentrated in the coming versions, which are planned
to be developed in near future. The system at present does not take care off the money
payment methods, as the consolidated constructs need SSL standards and are critically to be
initiated in the first face, the application of the credit card transactions is applied as a
developmental phase in the coming days. The system needs more elaborative technicality for
its inception and evolution.

In our project: with this cinema ticketing system; cinema companies can satisfy comfortable
facilities to their customers. The relationship between cinema manager, employee, and
customer satisfy a good communication to complete ticketing process. With this platform we
developed, we are hoping to reduce time wasting, avoid misunderstandings, provide easy data
flow, customer pleasure, and less hard work. We believe that we have accomplished our
goals and satisfied with the code we developed.

We think that not a single project is ever considered as complete forever because our mind is
always thinking something new and our necessities also are growing day by day. We always
want something more than what we have. Our application also, if you see at the first glance
than you find it to be complete but we want to make it still mature and fully automatic. Some
of the expansions which we have thought of are:
 We want to improve our home page , as it is the main things which attracts all users.
 Payment facility for bank to user.
 7. References
1. www.google.com

2. www.flipcrop.com

3. www.bing.com

4. www.wikiepedia.org