L44 - IR and NMR

Spectroscopy
DP Chemistry 2016 Guide
 Infrared spectroscopy (IR)
This technique uses absorption of the IR
part of the EMS. Molecules will absorb IR
radiation if they can bend so that their
dipole moment is disrupted. This occurs
only with symmetric bends, and
asymmetric stretches, but not
symmetric stretches.
 Infrared spectroscopy (IR)
Based on Hooke’s Law, the
greater the stretch, the
more energy is required
F = -kx
Lighter atoms have a
higher frequency.
Stronger bond enthalpies
also give higher
IR spectrum of ethanol
Problem 1:
ANSWER:
 Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H
NMR)
This technique uses the radio wave part of the EMS along with its interactions with
magnetic fields.
The proton spins of the hydrogen atoms act as tiny magnets. When placed in a
magnetic field they use energy to line up with or against this field. The energy is
measured in the radio wave region of the EMS. The 1H NMR spectrum is the position
of this energy change, the chemical shift, relative to a standard (tetramethylsilane
TMS) measured in ppm of the proton, symbol δ.
 Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H
NMR)
The integration trace shows the
relative number of hydrogens
present (area under the graph 1:2:3).
The peaks also show H in different
environments determined by
looking up chemical shifts in your
data booklet.

Three different
H environments
Problem 1:
ANSWER: