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AMATEKA Y’ITORERO MU BINYEJANA (I-XXI)

PLAN Y’ISOMO

IGICE CYA MBERE: IBINYEJANA (I-V)

I. Inyigisho zabanjirije itorero

II. Kuvuka kwaYesu
III. Ubusobanuro bw’ijambo ‘’ Itorero’’
1. Ubusobanuro bw’ijambo n’inkomoko
2. Itoreron’itorero
a. Itorero
b. Iterero ,amatorero
IV. Kuvuka kw’itorero
1. Ibanze
2. Izina Pentekote
3. Antiyokiya n’itorero’’
V. Ubutegetsi n’itorero ry’ ikinyejana (1, 2,3,)
VI. Akarengane mu itorero( tableau)

1. Ibanze{( mbere yo kugirango turebe iby’akarengane mu itorero, turabanza kureba

intambwe 7 z’ itorero ryanyuzemo dukurikije ubuhanuzi ku matorero 7 yo muri asiya)
Tableau}

GERERANYA AMATEKA YA ISIRAYELI NAY’ITORERO

2. Akarengana kava kuri ba kayisari

VII. GAHUNDA MU ITORERO MU KINYEJANA CYA (2,3)

VIII. KONSITANTINO N’ITORERO
IX. INAMA NKURU ZO KURWANYA INYIGISHO Z’IBINYOMA ( 4,5 siecle)
X. IMINSI MIKURU MU ITORERO
- Pasika
- Impanda
- Ingando
- Purimu
- Noel
- Pentekote

AMATEKA Y’ITORERO MU BINYEJANA ( I-XXI)

. IGICE CYA MBERE : IBINYEJANA ( I-V)

IGICE CYA KABIRI

AMATEKA Y’ITORERO (VI-X)

I. ITORERO RY’ IBURASIRAZUBA

1.1. Abanzi b’Itorero

- Abayisilamu
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1.2. Gutsinda gukomeye kw’Idini rya islamu

a) Inyigisho nshingiro za islamu

b) Isano hagati ya korowani na Bibiliya

1. 3. Ingorane zikomeye z’abakisto

II. IMIBEREHO Y’IMBERE MU ITORERO

- Ubuyobe: Amashusho

I. ITORERO RIKOMEZA
Gukwizaubutumwa
II. ITORERO RYIVANZE NA POLITIKI
2.1. Ububasha bwa papa bwiyongera
2.2. Integenke za papa
2.3. Ibiranga icyo gihe
2.3.1. Politike mbi mu gutora aba papa
2.3.2. Imibereho yanduye y’aba papa
III. Kugabanywa ku Itorero ry’ iburengerazuba n’iburasirazuba (kwigabamo ibice)
3.1. Impamvu zateye Itorero kwiremamo ibice
a. Imishyikirano mike
b. Indimi zitandukanye
c. Amakimbirane y’ubutegetsi
d. Imyumvire itandukanye
e. Kudahuza imyemerere n’amahame y’ijambo ry’IMANA
3.2. Ubuzima bw’Itorero ry’u Bugiriki

INDUNDURO

IGICE CYA 3.
AMATEKA Y’ITORERO (XT-XV)

I. IJAMBO RY’IBANZE

II. AMAVUKO Y’ITORERO RY’UBURUSIYA

III. INDUNDURO Y’UBUSHOBOZI BWA PAPA

1. Papa n’ubutegetsi

2. Intege nke zaranze Papa

3. Intambara ikomeye yo kurwanya abatizera( Ibitero byera)

IV. IMITWE INYURANYE Y’ABIHAYE IMANA.

1. Abamonaki
2. Imitwe y’ubutabazi
3. Abasabirizi( Franciscains et Dominicains)
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V. TEWOLOGIYA MU ITORERO
1. Anselme
2. Abelard Petero

VII. INTAMBWE YA MBERE YO KURWANYA KILIZIYA GATULIKA Y’I ROMA

1. Abarwanya ubuyobozi

2. Abakatari(Cathares)

VIII. ITEGEKO RIHANA ABIGISHA B’IBINYOMA

IX. UBUTEGETSI BWA KILIZIYA GATORIKA BUTANGIRA GUKENDERA

1. Ubusobanuro
2. Ubushobozi bwa Papa bugabanka
3. Ibihe byo kumenya ubwiru bw’Imana

X. IMYITEGURO Y’IVUGURURA RIKOMEYE MU ITORERO

1. Abariteguye

a. Yohana Wycliffe

b. Yohana Hus

c. Valdo

2. Imibereho ya Martin Luther mbere y’amavugura

XI. INDUNDURO.

IGICE CYA KANE(XVI-XXI)

AMATEKA Y’ITORERO MU BINYEJANA (XVI-XXI)

1. Amavugurura nyayo y’itorerero

a. Ubuzima bwa Martin Luther
b. Abatangiye amavugurura
 Martin Luther(1483-1531)

 Jean Calvin(1509-1564)

 Ulrich Zwingli(1484-1531)

c. Kwitandukanya kugaragara hagati y’abagatolika n’abaporotestanti.

d. Ibihugu byagize uruhare muri ayo mavugurura
e. Intambara yo kurwanya amavugurura
f. Umurimo w’abamisiyoneri
g. Ububyutse bw’aba Pentecote
h. Urugaga mpuzamatorero (Oeccumenisme)

2. Kuvuka kw’itorero mu Rwanda,

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INDUNDURO RUSANGE

IGICE CYA MBERE(IKINYEJANA CYA I-V).

I. INYIGISHO ZABANJRIJE ITORERO:

Abayisirayeli muri rusange, bari baribagiwe ibyasezeranijwe n’Imana. Itang 49: 9-10; Yesaya 9; 5 mika 5:1-
5 n’ahandi……..)
Ahubwo bari bategereje ubwami bw’isi n’ ukuvuga kugarurirwa ubutegetsi bwabo bwari bwarigabijwe
n’andi mahanga kuva mu binyejana birenze umunani 854 mbere ya Yesu. Ayo mahanga ni: Ashuri,
Egiputa ,Babuloni, Medo-perse, Ubugriki, Filistiya, Roma n’andi.Intambara y’abaye hagati y’abagriki
n’abayuda hagati ya( 167- 163 mbere ya Yesu) yatumye abayuda bigabanyamo ibice bitandukanye
bidahuhuje imyizerere.

IBICE MU BAYUDA

1. Abafarisayo: ni umutwe wagiraga ishyaka ryo guskaka Imana mu masengesho arambanije,

baratinywaga, bakubahwa n’ indi mitwe. Bari barahinduye amategeko ya Mose akamenyero,
akenshi bakigisha n’ibyo badakora. Ayo mategeko ni yo bakoreshaga kurwanya inyigisho za Yesu.
Bari indyarya, kandi baratsinzwe n’ akamera.
Kuba umufarisayo biza guhinduka kuba indyarya( matayo 23: 13-23)
Nibo bavuze bati tuzarwana n’abagriki dukoresha intwaro yo gusenga.

2. Abasadukayo:
Umutwe wa kabiri wari ugizwe n’abanyapolitike ariko bafite imyizerere itemera ko abantu abantu
bashobora kuzuka (mat 22: 23)
Abasadukayo bagenzuraga inzego. Z’ubutegetsi kuruta idini: kubera ubugome bakundanaga
n’abatambyi bakuru bagafatanya kurwanya Itorero( ibyakozwe 4:1-3). Na bo bifashisha inzego za
politike ngo barwanye abagriki.

3. Abanditsi
Bari bashinzwe kwandika amategeko no kugenzura inzandiko z’amabanga zagombaga gusomerwa mu
materaniro yabo. Bari abahanga mu kugenzura ibyanditswe byose biboneka mu mategeko. ( mat23: 13-25)
bafata umwanzuro wo kurwanya abagiriki bifashishije amategeko.

4. Abazelote:
Aba nabo wari umutwe mu idini y’abayuda, ariko bifuza gukemuza amakimbirane inkota intumwa Petero
yabaye cyane mu gice cy’abazetote, ndetse no mu ntumwa 12 za yesu, harimo simoni w’undi
wakomokaga mu muryago w’abazelote (mat 10:4) n’abakurankota.

5. Abayeseniya(esseniens).
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Na ryo ryari ishyaka ry’ abayuda, ryari rifite imyizerere itandukanye n’iyabagenzi babo b’indi mitwe. Bahata
abantu kunyura mu nzira zo kwibabaza ngo bagere ku byo Imana ishaka
- Kwiyiriza ubusa kenshi
- Kutarya umunyu
- Kwanga kubaka amazu( bakaba mu mbeho)
- Bakigisha abantu kwambara ibigunira, kwitera ivu n’ibindi…..
Abayeseniya bafitanye isano n’abasitoyiko ( stoἲciens) ibyakozwe 17:18).

II. KUVUKA KWA YESU:

1. IJAMBO RY’IBANZE
Yesu n’izina ryahawe umukiza wacu , nkuko amabwiriza yatanzwe na marayika , ayageza kuri yosefu
(mat.1 :21)
Yesu risobanurwa ngo: uzakiza abantu be ibyaha byabo IESOLIS = mu rugikiriki, ariryo YOSHUA
muruheburayo naho CHRISTO risobanurwa ngo: uwasizwe, abayuda bamwita Mesiya (Yohana 1:41- 42;
4:25)
2. IGIHE CYO KUVUKA KWA YESU
Kumenya igihe Yesu yavukiye twafatira urwibutso kuri Herode Mukuru bitaga (HERODE LE GRAND).
herode le grand yimitswe n’abaroma kuba umwami w’iyudaya mu mwaka wa 40 mbere ya Yesu amaze
imyaka 37 ku ngoma nibwo habaye gushakisha abana bamaze imyaka 2 no gusubiza hasi (2-0)
b’abahungu ngo bicwe I Betelehemu na bugufi bwaho, Herode akurikije igihe yasobanuriwe nabo
banyabwenge (mat 2:16).
Herode amaze imyaka 37 ku ngoma, hari muri 3
C
Itegeko ryo kwica abana b’imyaka (2-0) rimaze gusohoka, marayika w’Imana yaburiye yosefu na mariya
mu nzozi guhunga ngo barokore umwana bahungire muri Egiputa. Icyo gihe yesu yari amaze hagati
y’imyaka 2-0 niyompamvu yahunze. Niba yesu yarihagati y’iyo myaka yaba yaravutse muri 4 mbere yuko
ikinyejana cyamabere gitangira cya nyuma ya yesu. Nizo mpamvu bibiriya itubwira ko yesu yatangiye
1/2
umurimo amaze imyaka 30 (luke 3:23) akorana n’abigishwa imyaka (3 ) itatu n’igice. Hanyuma
arababwa arazuka ku munsi wa (3) ubwo yabambwe afite imyaka 33 ariko arimu wa 29- 30 nyuma ya zero
= A.D kubera ya myaka 4 yabanje mbere ya zero.
Ese n’uwuhe Herode wahigaga Yesu? Ni
- Herode mukuru (herpde le grand) wahize Yesu akica abana b’imyaka (2-0) (MAT 2:8-16)
- Herode wa kabiri ni herode antipas wategetse ku ngoma ya kayisari Tiberiyo, yategetse na
galilaya niwe wafatanije na Pilato gucira yesu urubanza .(luka 23:12).
- Herode wa gatatu ni herode Agrippa I ( agippa ) niwe wishe yakobo aliyongeza afata Petero
Imana iramurokora ibyako 12:1-5
- Herode wa 4 ni herode AGRIPPAII . Pawulo YIreguriye imbere ye ibyako 25:13 – 26:1-32

III. UBUSOBANURO BW’IZINA ‘’ ITORERO’’

1. Ubusobanuro: ururimi rw’ikigiriki EKKLESIA umubumbe w’abantu cyangwa agatsiko k’abantu

bahamagawe. EK= hanze, Kalewo= guhamagaraiteraniro ry’abantu bahamagawe n’IMANA kuva
mub’isi, kwitandukanya n’isi bagafata imibereho mishya ( ibyak 20:28)
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Amateka y’itorero n’amakuru y’ibyabaye mu itorero kuva ku munsi wa Pentekote rivuka , kugez’ubu. (ibya
2:1-13).

2. Itorero n’amatorero:

. Itorero n’imitima y’abantu bemerwa n’Imana . Imana ikaba ibazi yonyine idakurikije aho buri wese
asengera.
. amatorero n’amadenominations afite address iranga abantu
Urugero: methodiste, ADEPR, Anglicane, Baptiste, Adventiste n’andi …… cyangwa gaturika, ashobora
kuzabonekamo umugeni Yesu agarutse. Muyandi twavugako amatorero nink’amadini aho kenshi
abahimbyi b’ayo madini biyita abahuza b’abayoboke babo n’IMANA .
. Abahamya ba yehova bibwirako Charles Taze Russell abahuza n’Imana
. Abamormons bibwirako Joseph Smith ariwe ubahuza n’IMANA
. Abadivantitse b’umunsi wa karindwi bibwirako Ellen Gould Madame white ariwe ubahuza n’Imana.
. ABA Freres bibwirako William Marrion Branham ariwe ubahuza n’Imana n’abandi…..
Abanyamadini bose bemera abanda bahuza (abantu bahuza n’Imana) uretse Yesu baba barataye
umurongo, bameze nk’itorero ryari mubutayu riyobowe na Mose (ibyak 7:38) itorero munyuguti nto
n’itorero rirangwa n’inyubako: itorero ry’akarere ka gicumbi, itorero rya Rubavu. Ayo tuvuze siyo TORERO
Yesu yacunguye ariryo ryubatswe kuriwe (mat16:13-18).

IV. KUVUKA KW’ITORERO

1. Umusogongero
Itorero ryahozeho mu Isezerano rya kera ari nk’igicucu cy’ukuri kwari kugiye kuzahishurwa ( ibyakozwe 7:
38)
Ni yo mpamvu inkuge yashushanyaga Itorero, n’ihema ry’ibonaniro rigashushanya Itorero. Mbere yo
kuvuka kw’Itorero ku munsi wa pantekote, Yesu yabanje kwigisha, akorana n’intumwa yatoranije, kuva
kumwaka yabatijwe hagati ya (26-27), yakoze umurimo mugihe cy’imyaka hafi 31\2 kuko yatangije afite
imyaka 30 ( luka 3:23). Abigishwa ba Yesu bari batarahinduka. Bakoraga ibitangaza bitwa abizera kuko
Yesu yabanaga nabo igihe cyose akabaha ubushobozi. Yesu agiye kuzamurwa kujya mu ijuru
abateraniriza mu murwa abategeka kutava i Yerusalemu ati: ngiye kuboherereza icyo Data yabateguriye
kugeza igihe muzambikwa imbaraga zivuye mu ijuru (luka 24:49) abibabwiye amaze kubabonekera muri
ya minsi 40, yigisha iby’ubwami bw’Imana . Nyuma yahoo arazamurwa, nyuma y’iminsi icumi atandukanye
na bo, Umwuka Wera arabamanukira , ariwo munsi wa mirongo itanu nyuma yo kuzuka kwe. Uwo munsi
ni wo munsi ukomeye baje kwita umunsi wa Pentekote. Bahabwa imbaraga zo kwamamaza ubutumwa
bwiza bw’Imana (Ibyakozwe 2:1- 4,8). Ni ko kuvuka kw’Itorero.

2. IZINA PENTEKOTE:

Mu isezerano rya kera uwo munsi wari umunsi w’umuganura cyangwa ibisarurwa kuva 23:16,34:22
kubara 28:26.
Umunsi w’umuganura werezwaaga Uwiteka, ukurikiye amasabato 7 ubwo 7*7= 49. Pentekote rero wari
umunsi wa 50 kuva ku munsi mukuru wa Pasika. Ni yo mpamvu Pentekote mu rurimi rw’ikigiriki
Pentekonte risobanura 50. Mu isezerano rishya Pentekote n’ubundi ni umunsi wa 50 kuva ku munsi wo
kuzuka kugeza ku Kumanuka k’Umwuka Wera, kwari ugosohora k’ubuhanuzi bwa Yoweli 2:28, Imana
yasezeranye ko izasuka Umwuka wayo ku bantu bose.

3. UBUZIMA BW’ITORERO

a. Mu buryo bw’umwuka: iminsi yose bakomezaga kujya mu rusengero n’umutima uhuye,

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bahimbaza Imana uko bukeye Imana ikabongerera abakizwa (Ibyak 2:43-47)

b. Mu buryo bw’umubiri: nta mukene wababagamo abari bafite amasambu cyangwa amazu
barabigurishaga, bakazana ibiguzi, bakabishyira intumwa na zo zigabanya abantu uko buri wese
akennye (Ibyak4:32-35). Icyo gihe cyose ab’itorero bari batarahabwa izina ryo kwitwa abakristo.
Ubutumwa bwatangiye i Yerusaremu, i Yudaya n’i Samariya kugera ku mpera y’isi. Abihannye
bariyongera, ubutumwa bugera muri Antiyokiya. Ababonye imibanire y’abizera bababonamo
ishusho ya Yesu Kristo. Ni bwo bwabaye ubwa mbere abigishwa babita abakristo muri Antiyokiya
(Ibyak 11:26). Kuva icyo gihe, Yerusalemu iba ihuriro ry’ubutumwa bwiza ku Bayuda. Petero
intumwa arabuhagararira. Pawulo na we ahagararira ubutumwa bwiza mu banyamahanga ihuriro
ari Antiyokiya.

V. UBUTEGETSI N’ITORERO RY’IBINYEJANA BINE (1,2,3,4 siecle)

Ubutegetsi bw’i Roma kuva mu mwaka wa 27 mbere ya Yesu kugeza muri 325 nyuma ya Yesu turareba
uko ba Kayisari bakurikiranye.
1. Kayisari Awugusto (Auguste) = Luc2:1 27 BC- 14 AD
2. Kayisari Tiberiyo (Tibere)= Luc 3:1 15-37 AD
3. Kayisari Kaligula (Calgoula)= 37AD- 41AD
4. Kayisari Kilawudiyo (Claude)= 41AD-54AD
5. Kayisari Neroni (Néron) = 54AD- 68. Ibyak11: 28
6. Kayisari Galba (68-69) AD
7. Kayisari Oto Viteliyusi (Othon Vitellius) 69
8. Kayisari Vezipasiye (vespasien) 69-79 AD
9. Kayisari Titusi (Titus) 79-81, AD
10. Kayisari Domitien 81 AD- 96 AD Domisiyani
11. Kayisari Nerva (96 AD- 98 AD = Nerva
12. Kayisari Trajan (98-117) Taraja
13. Kayisari Hadiriyani (Hadrien 117-138 AD.
14. Kayisari Antani = Antonin le pieux 138-161 AD
15. Kayisari Mariko Awurele= Marc-Aurèle 161-180 AD
16. Kayisari Seputime Servi= Septime sevère= 180-193 AD 193-211 Nta kayisari uzwi
17. Kayisari Alekizanderi Severi (Alexandre sevère) 212-235A
18. Kayisari Desiyusi= Décius 250-253 AD
19. Kayisari Valeriye= valérien= 250-253 AD
20. Kayisari Woreliye (Aurélien)= 272-275AD
21. Kayisari Diyokeletiye( Dioclétien )303-305 AD
22. Kayisari Konsitantino(constantin)= 306-337 AD
Aba Kayisari bakurikiranye ku ngoma y’i Roma bari benshi cyane ariko twavuzemo ab’ingenzi bagize
uruhare mu karengane kabaye mu itorero.

VI. AKARENGANE MU ITORERO

1. Mbere yo kugira ngo turebe iby’akarengane mu Itorero turabanza kwiga intambwe z’itorero
ryaciyemo dukurikije ubuhanuzi ku matorero 7 yo muri Aziya.

Reba imbonerahamwe.
AD= Apres jesus Christ= nyuma ya Yesu.

GERARANYA AMATEKA YA ISIRAYELI NAYI TORERO

ISARAYELI B.C AMATORERO 7 YO MURI ASIYA

ITORERO A.D
1. Efeso: guhaguruka bava mu Egiputa 1. Efeso: Ibyah2:1-7 abakristo bashishikariye
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abayisrayeli bafite umurava bakunda urukundo rwambere ibya Yesu mu

Imana Kuva 19:8, Yeremiya 2:2, Hoseya kinyejana AD 29-100 cyambere abayefeso
2:17 hanyuma bareka ururkundo rwa 3:18-19, hanyuma baracogora.
mbere.
2. Simuruna:I sirayeli mubigeragezo byo 2.. Simuruna: ibyah 2:8-11.
mubutaka yu imyaka 40. Gutegeka 8:2-3 Akarenganegakomeye 100- 312
bari mubutayu Itorero rya kristo bihisha mubuvumo imyaka
irenze 200

3. Perugamo: inyigisho za Balamu 3.. Perugamo: ibyah2:12-17 v.2:14 AD

mubibaya intandora yo gusenga akadubi itorero rya Constantin 306-337 AD.
ibigirwamana by’IMOWABU no 313-463
kwiyonona . (kubara22-25)
4. Tuwatira: isirayeli ihindukira 4..Tuwatira:ibyah2:18-29: ubukristo bwo mu
ibigirwamana bagera kundunduro myaka yo hagati (moyen age) yezebeli
y’ubuhakanyi abacamanza umugore mushya aba inkomoko ya Kiliziya gatolika
Yezebeli 1abam19_21 n’abami v.20
Inyigisho zishingiye ku mihango
5. Sarudi: ibyah3:1-6 I sirayeli yibagirwa 5..Sarudi: ibyah3:1-6 Abaporotesitanti
isezerano ry’Imana , bava mu ijambo bihimbaza ryuma y’amavugurura (reforme),
ry’ukuri bahanwa kujyanwa bava mukuri kw’ijambo ry’Imana
mubunyage bwa Nebukadinezari Gusinzira muburyo bw’umwuka (152-1700)
Kwigaba 2 kwa isirayeli kugeza
kujyanwa mubunyage bwa Baburoni
930-586
6. Filadelifia: ibyah3:7-13 Isirayeli bavuye 6.. Filadelifia : ibyah 3:7-13 Itorero
mu bunyage bwa babuloni bayobowe rigarura urukundo, Abamisiyoneri
na: Zerubabeli : Ezira ziz batangira gukwirakwiza ubutumwa
Ezira :ezira 7:1 mu binyejana (19-20) bitandukanije
Nehemiya : nehemiya 2:2 n’iby’isi batumbiriye ibyo mu ijuru
Kugendera mu ijambo ry’Imana no
kwizera (1750-1900)
7. Lawodikiya : mat25:1-3,23; 1-23 7.. Lawodikiya: ibyah 3:14-22
I sarayeli ikomeza idini rishingiye ku Ubuhakanyi. Urugaga mpuzamatorero
mategeko y’imihango Abafarisayo babamba (Oecumerique) itorero ry’iteguye gukorana na
yesu bifashishije amategeko antichristo.

UBUSOBANURO BW’AMAZINA Y’AMATORERO 7 YO MURI ASIYA A.D

1. Efeso = kureka = baretse urukundo rwa mbere (29-100)

2. Simuruna = ishangi = kwihanganira imibabaro ntibacogora (100-312)
3. Perugamo= uruvange rw’amadini adahuje imyizere (313-463) Akadubi
4. Tuwatira= umukobwa ushinze ijosi=agasuzuguro =urufatiro ku mihango =gatolika
463-1798
5. Sarudi = ibuye ry’igiciro= kwihimbaza kw’abapotesitanti nyuma ya reforme 1521-
1700
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6. Filadelifiya= urukundo rwa kivandimwe = ububyutse bw’abametodisti 1703-1791 AD

7. Lawodikiya= urubanza = Imyizerere ihuye n’ubutegetsi bw’isi , ikayoborwa nabwo.
Mu mahanga (1900-2021)
Muri afrika ( 1960-2021)

Icyitonderwa: imyaka twanditse n’imyaka yagaragaje imbaraga za buri Itorero ariko nta Torero
na rimwe ryigeze risibangana.

2. Akarengane kava kuri ba kayisari

Akarengane katangiye kuva mugihe cya yesu abantu benshi bishwe bazira guhamya kwa Yesu .
Uretse Yohana umubatiza wishwe mbere ya yesu azira ubutumwa yabwirizaga, hanyuma aza
kwicwa kubwa kayisari Tiberiyo amaze kubatiza yesu 26AD (mat14:1-12) Sitefano yishwe nawe
kubwa Tiberiyo (ibyak 7:54-60)
Mbere yo gutegeka kwa Neron mu mwaka wa 44 nyuma ya Yesu ,Yakobo intumwa yarishwe
(Ibyak 12:2)
Muri ba Kayisari abarushije abandi gukora ubwicanyi ni aba bakurikira.

- Claude ( kilawudiyo ) 41-54 AD yategetse ko abayuda babaga i Roma bazubira iwabo

benshi muri bo baricwa ( Ibyak 18:2)
- Néron= ni bwo Petero yapfuye na Pawulo n’igice gito cy’umurwa w’i Roma kiratwikwa
( 54-68) AD
- Vespasien= wemeranije n’umuhungu Titus gutwika umurwa w’i Yerusalemu mu wa 70
nyuma ya Yesu ( Titus yari umukuru w’ingabo za Roma)
- Titus na we amaze kwicara ku mwanya wa Kayisari yifashe nabi (79-81) AD
- Domitien (81-96) AD
- Traja (98-117) mbere ya Yesu
- Marc Aurele ( 161-180 )AD
- Septime Severe (193-211) AD
- Alexandre severe ( 212-235) AD
- Diocletien ( 303-305) AD
Abakristo bababarijwe kwigisha ko Yesu ari
- Umwana w’Imana
- Umwami
- Yazutse
Ababaga bameze kwizera ntibongeraga kuramya ibishushanyo by’abami.

3. Uburyo bunyuranye bwo kubabazwa bw’abakristo

- Abakristo bakubiswe inkoni
- Baterewe mu umuriro
- Bagabijwe inyamaswa z’inkazi
- Batekeshejwe amavuta
- Bakerjwe innkero
Ibyo byose kugirango bahakane kwizera

4. Akarengane kuva kuri Titus (70)

Icyo gihe yari umukuru w’Ingabo z’ubutegetsi bw’i Roma . ntiyagiraga icyo yitaho, kuri we
yabonye ko Kayisari Nero ntacyo yakoze. Icyo gihe hari muri (70) nyuma ya Yesu se witwaga
Vesipasia ni we wari Kayisari afata igitekerezo cyo gukoraho itorero burundu, yigira inama yo
 10

gusenya ikigega cy’ubutumwa , asenya Yerusalemu yose n’urusengero, kuko yibwiragako ko ari
cyo cyonyine cyamara abakristo
Abayuda baratatana ahahindura amatongo, ibitabo by’Imana biratwikwa n’ibindi…..

5. Akarengane kava kuri Taraja (98-117)

Habaye akarengane gakomeye igihe cya Taraja, muri Asiya ntoya, kugeza igihe cya Mariko-
Awulere. Yavugako abakristo batubahiriza amategeko yo kumupfukamira. Indamutso
yifuzaga .<< uraho Mwami utagira umugayo imbere y’Imana>> abakristo ntibabashaga no
kubahiriza iminsi mikuru y’abami, ni zo mpamvu bakomeje kucwa cyane.
Mu kinyejana cya kabiri (100-200). Abakongeje akarengane ni :
- Taraja
-Mariko awurele
Akarengane karushijeho kwiyongera byabaye ngobwa ngo baterane mu ibanga kugirango
babone uko basenga Imana. Bateraniraga ahantu hitwa catacomb ( ubuvumo). Kuri ubwo
buvumo, bashiragaho ibimenyetso bakoreshaga kugirango bajyebamenyana.
Ibyo bimenyetso ngibi:
- Inkoni y’umushumba
- Inshusho y’inuma
- Inshusho y’ifi
- Ikimenyetso cy’umusaraba
Mbere yo kwicwa k’umukristo bashushanyaga ishusho yo kwerekana ifi(IKTUS)
I= Yesu
K= Kristo
T= Imana
U= umwana
S= Umukiza
Iyesusi= Yesu
Kristosi= Kristo
Tewosi = Imana
Hwiyosi= umwana
Swoteri=umukiza
Uwashushanyaga Ifi, ybaga yihannye << Ayi Yesu Kristo umwana w’Imana umukiza wacu>>
Itegeko rishya riturutse kwa mariko Awurele rirasohoka ngo: inzu z’abakristo basengeramo zose
zisenywe ibitabo byabo bitwikwe Biblia, indirimbo n’ibindi akaga karushaho kwiyongera, ariko
abakristo berekana kwizera kwabo.
Nicyo gihe umugabo umwe witwa Teritilia (Tertullien) yavuze ati:<< amaraso y’abera ameneka
n’imbuto nziza kuzana abizera bashya>>

Mu bantu benshi bagiriwe nabi twavuga nka:

 Polikaripe ( Polycarpe): yabaye n’umwe Piskopi wi Simuruna (Smyrne) (69-167) AD=98
 Felisita (Felicité)= muri afrika y’amajaruguru , yapfiriye I karitage = 203 nyuma ya Yesu.
 Perepetuwa ( Pérpetue) bali kumwe mu nzu y’ imbohe ahitwa carthage (Tunisia)
soma Abah. (11:32-40)
 Inyasi (Ignace) wo muri Antiokiya yishwe urupfu rubi.

VII. GAHUNDA MU ITORERO MU KINYAJANA CYA KABARI N’ICYA GATATU.

1. Kuva mbere na mbere, habayeho abakozi b’Imana baharaniye:

 11

Kurwanirira Itorero kuko inyigisho z’ibinyoma zarizigwiriye.

Abarengeye Itorero twavuga nka:

- Yusitino Maritire (Justin martyr)
- Tewofiko wo muri Antiyokiya (Theophile)
- Klemantino wo muri Alekizandriya , abo bantu barwanije inyigisho z’ibinyoma cyane.
Mwizo nyigisho z’ibinyoma , habaga izitwa
* Gunosi :bigishaga ko agakiza gaturuka mu ubumenyi no mubwenge bwa kimuntu.
* Abamontanusi= bigishaga kwibabaza cyane bidadurutse mu ibyanditswe
* Abasabeliyusi: bangaga ubumana butatu nka Pawulo Samosati

2. Abantu bize iby’iyobokamana mu butegetsi bw’ Iroma kugirango batange umucyo mu

byanditswe:

a) Iburengerazuba
- Irene (Irenée)
- Hipolite ( Hypolite)
- Teritulia ( Tertullien)
- Cipriani ( Cyprien)
b) abo iburasirazuba
- orijene (origène)
- Klemantino (Clement) wo muri Alekizandiriya abo bose tuvuze bara bakoze b’Imana bo
guhugura abandi mu byanditswe byera.

VIII. ITORERO NA KONSITANTINO ( Ikinyejana cya kane 313)

Ku ngoma y’ umwami Kayisari CONSTANTINO ( 306-337)

Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Maximien (Makisimiye) wayoboye kuva mu ( 286-305), abami benshi
bahagurukira gufata umwanya w’ubutegetsi. Haba intambara hagati yabo muri bo twavuga
Makisanse watsinzwe na Konsitantino mu intambara yabereye I MILVIUS (Miliviyusi) muri 312.
Ariko mbere y’Intambara Konsitantino yabaje kwibukwa ikimenyetso cy’umusaraba kwerekwa
ikimenyetso cy’umusaraba utukuru, umusaraba warabagiraniraga. Uwo musaraba wari
wanditsweho amagambo akurikira<<n’ukurikira icyo kimenyetso uzanisha>>, mu Kilatini<<IN
HOC SIGNO VINCES>>.

Bukeye akoranya ingabo ze, agaba igitero, hanyuma aratsinda ibyo bituma atanga itangazo.
Avugako Imana y’abakristo ari yo yatumye atsinda ahita yizera amaze kwemera ko ari yo y’ukuri
yonyone. Abivuga mu itegeko ryabereye ahitwa Milano (milan) mu wa 313 nyuma ya Yesu.
Muri ryo tegeko avuga ko idini rya gikristo ari ryo ryemewe mu butegetsi bwe bwose, kandi ko
rigomba kwemerwa n’abantu bose, biba nk’agahato. Abakristo bamwe batekereza ko ari inzira
yo kubafata. Bamwe bahitamo guhungira mu mashyamba yo mu gihugu cy’Ubutaliyana. Aho ni
ho habaye inkomoko y’ijambo “ Paganus risobanura ngo : umunyacyaro”. Abizera baje
guhindura iryo jambo “paganus”=abatizera kubera abanze idini rya Konsitantino na bo babise
abatizera.

1. ISHUSHO Y’IKIMENYETSO CY’UMUSARABA UTUKURA:

 12

IN HOC SIGNO
VINCES
KU BW’ICYO KIMENYETSO UZANESHA

2. INDAHIRO YA CONSTANTINO

Twe Konstantino na Lukiniyusi Auguste twatekereje guha Itorero ubwisanzure. Abakristo bose
n’aboyoke b’andi madini bakurikire imyizererere iyo ariyo yose bihitiyemo kugirango Imana yo
mu ijuru itunezererwe kandi itwishimire, uretse twe gusa ahubwo n’abari munsi y’ubutegetsi
bwacu bose. Twabonyeko ari byiza kutabuza umuntu wese kwakira imyambarize imunogeye.
Muri ubwo buryo Imana y’abakristo iturutira izindi Mana ni yo tuzaha icyubahiro ariko mu
bwisanzure kandi izatugirira ubuntu no kutumenyereza kugubwa neza. Iyo Mana niyo mutware
w’ibihe byose.
Edit= risabanura itegeko Constantin (Konstitantino )abatizwa mu wa 321AD. Mu wa 325
habaye inama ya Nicee muri Asiya ntoya (bithnie) kugira ngo bashire kwizera kw’intumwe mu
magambo ahinnye bita ‘’Credo’’ ikimenyetso cy’intumwa gifite ibihamya shingiro byo kwizera
kwabo.

Twibuke ko uwo mwaka wa 321 ni wo mwaka wo gutoranya Dimanche kuba umunsi wo

kuruhuka imirimo kubari bafite akazi ka Leta abayuda bo baribasanzwe bateranira mu
masinagoge ku isabato Dimanche yahawe agaciro kubera yahuje n’umunsi wo kuzuka
k’Umwami Yesu, ikaba n’umunsi wo kuvuka k’itorero baje kwita Pentekote= umunsi wa mbere
w’icyumweru cyangwa umunsi wa 50 nyuma ya Pasika. Umwaka wa 313 watumye abakristo
biyongera ku mubare ariko baba babi ku gaciro. Itorero rihinduka akadubi cyangwa uruvange rw’
imyizerere itandukanye. Abenshi bavugako ari multitudiniste= akadubi k’amadini
 13

IX. INAMA NKURU ZO KURWANYA INYIGISHO Z’IBINYOMA (4;5 siecle)

Inama nkuru zabaye enye kugirango bakristo babashe gusobanukurwa inyigisho shingiro
z’itorero wongeyeho iya nicee ziba eshanu.
1. Inama ya Nicee: yize kukibazo cyo kwemera ubutatu bwera (sainte trinite)= kwemera
k’umukristo <<ndemera Imana data ishobora byose umuremyi w’ijuru n’isi>>ndemera
umwana wayo yesu kristo w’ikinege niwe mwami wacu, wabyawe na mariya kubushobozi
bw’umwuka wera’’ wababajwe kubwa Pontiyo Pilato akabambwa , agapfa, akamanuka I
kuzimu, ku munsi wa gatatu akazuka mubapfuye, ajya mu ijuru yicaye iburyo bwa se.
azagaruka aje gucira imanza abazima n’abapfuye ‘’. Ndemera Umwuka Wera n’itorero rya
gikristo ritagira inenge, guterana kw’abera, kubabarirwa ibyaha , kuzuka mu bapfuye
n’ubugingo bw’iteka ryose amen. ( Nicee= ni Asiya yo hagati mu 325 ny. Yesu)
2. Inama ya chalcedoine: (451 AD Yesu) Yesu n’Imana yuzuye n’umuntu wuzuye afite
ubumuntu kimwe n’ubumana Imana Data n’umwana wayo Yesu Kristo ntibatandukanywa,
ariko ntibitiranywa. Yesu ni umwe na Se iteka ryose.

3. Inama ya Constantinople (381 ny. Yesu)

Kumvikanisha ubumuntu bwa kristo n’ubumana bwe n’ubumana bw’Umwuka Wera
4. Inama ya Efeso (431 ny Yesu)
Impaka zabaye hagati y’ubumana n’ubuntu bwa Kristo

5. Concile ya Carthage (397 ny yesu)

Gutangaza ku mugaragaro urutonde rudasubirwaho rw’ ibitabo by’ Isezerano rishya uko ari 27,
Athanase yari yarabyanditse ku rupapuro uko ari 27 ariko atarasohora urutonde ku mugaragaro.

JEROME(345-420) ny. Yesu, yahinduye Bibliya mu Kilatini) ayikuye muri Bibliya y’ikigiriki la LXX ,
yifashishije iya Origene bita HEXAPLA D’ORIGENE iyo Bibliya bayita VULGATE mu mwaka 405.
Ni yoBibliya yari izwi ku bakristo yakoreshejwe mu gihe cy’imyaka 1000 mbere y’uko
abaprotestanti bavuka (1517-1521 nyuma ya Yesu.) Iyo Bibiliya yakoreshejwe kuva mu mwaka
wa 476 ny. Yesu kugera mu gihe cy’amavugurura.1521AD. Ni bwo ubutegetsi
bw’iburengerazuba bw’i Roma bwahangutse.

Umwami w’abami Romulus Augustile ni we waherutse kuyobora Roma y’uburengerazuba (475-

476) ny, Yesu.

X. IMINSI MIKURU MU ITORERO

- Pasika ( paque, paques) iba tariki 14/01 ku Bayuda, ku Baroma ikaba hagati ya 22/03-
25/04
- Impanda (trompette)= 01/07 ku Bayuda
- Ingando (tabernacle)= 15-22/07 ku Bayuda
- Purimu (puri)= inzuzi = 14-15/ 12 ku Bayuda
- Nowell (Noel)= 24-25/09 ku Bayuda, ku Baroma 24-25/12
- Pentekote (umuganura) hagati ya 11/03-14/04 ku Bayuda, ku Baroma,11/05-14/06
- Kweza urusengero( dedicace)= 25/09 ku Bayuda.

1. Pasika: izina Paque na Paques

- Paque= pesah (hebrew) inshinga pasah= gukikira gusimbuka mu mugambi wo
 14

kurengera cyangwa kunyuraho. Abayuda bubikiraga umwana w’intama (kuva 12:1-13).

Abakristo bawuziriza bibuka gucungurwa ku bwa yesu wabambwe akazuka (1kor 5:7).
- Paques = iminsi y’ikiruhuko cya pasika (paques) pasika nziza= joyeuses paques
Pasika= kwibuka uko Imana yakuye abayisirayeli mububata bwa farawo , bakubikira umwana
w’intama washushanyaga kristo. Bakawurishya imitsima idasembuwe (ukuri no kutaryarya)
bakawurishya imboga zishariye = kwibuka umubabaro bagriye mu egiputa.
Uwo munsi uba mukwezi kwambere kuri kalindari y’abayuda kuwa 14 Abihu (kuva 23:15), ni ko
kwezi bita Nisani nyuma yo kuva mu bunyage (Babuloni) Neh 2:1, Est 3:7

Iminsi mikuru y’itorero ihuje na kalindari y’abayuda ali yo yanditswe muri Bibliya. Na ho kalindari
itorero rigenderaho uyu munsi, niy’abaroma yamamajwe na Kayisari Konstantino mu wa 321
AD.amaze gushiraho icyumweru nk’umunsi wo kuruhuka ku bakozi bose bo mu bwami bwe.
Imirimo yose igahagarara bawita ku cyumweru kandi ari umunsi wa mbere w’icyumweru,
kalindari y’abaroma rero yaje kuvugurwa neza na Papa Gregoire XIII hagati ya (1572-1585 AD)
nyuma ya yesu.

UKO AMATARIKI AGERERANYWA DUKURIKIJE AMEZI

AMEZI Y’ABAYUDA AMEZI Y’ABAROMA

Ukwezi kwa mbere 1 Ukwezi kwa kane 4

Ukwezi kwa kabiri 2 Ukwezi kwa gatanu 5
Ukwezi kwa gatatu 3 Ukwezi kwa gatandatu 6
Ukwezi kwa kane 4 Ukwezi kwa karindwi 7
Ukwezi kwa gatanu 5 Ukwezi kwa munane 8
Ukwezi kwa gatandatu 6 Ukwezi kwa cyenda 9
Ukwezi kwa karindwi 7 Ukwezi kwa cumi 10
Ukwezi kwa munane 8 Ukwezi kwa cumi na kumwe 11
Ukwezi kwa cyenda 9 Ukwezi kwa cumi na kabiri 12
Ukwezi kwa cumi10 Ukwezi kwa mbere 1
Ukwezi kwa cumi na kumwe 11 Ukwezi kwa kabiri 2
Ukwezi kwa cumi n’akabiri 12 Ukwezi kwa kwa gatatu 3

NI YO MPAMVU:
 Pasika iba mu kwezi kwa mbere ku Bayuda ikaba mu kwezi kwa kane ku Baroma
 Kuvuka kwa Yesu mu kwezi kwa cyenda ku Bayuda ikaba mu kwa cumi n’abiri ku
Baroma
 Pentekote (umuganura) iba mu kwezi kwa gatatu ku Bayuda igahura n’ukwa gatandatu
ku Baroma

AMAZINA Y’AMEZI NK’UKO BYANDITSWE MURI BIBLIYA KUVA KU KWA MBERE KUGEZA MU
KWA CUMI N’AKABIRI
 Ukwa mbere= Abibu, Nisani (Kuv 23:15, Neh2:1 ; Est3:7)
 Ukwa kabiri= Zivu (1 Abam 6:1;37)
 Ukwa gatatu = Sivani (Esth8:9)
 Ukwa kane = Tamuzi (Antiquites juis 3:8)
 15

 Ukwa gatanu= Aba antiquites juives 4:4;7

 Ukwa gatandatu= Eluli (Neh 6:15)
 Ukwa karindwi= Etanimu (1 Abam8:2)
 Ukwa munani = Bula (1 Abam 6:38)
 Ukwa cenda= Kisilevu (Zak 7:1)
 Ukwa cumi = Tebeti (esth 2:16)
 Ukwa cumi na kumwe = Shebati (Zaka1:7)
 Ukwa cumi na kabiri= Adari (Esth9:21)

2. Umunsi mukuru w’impanda: ( Abalew 23: 3,24, 27 ) Abayuda wawutangazaga ku

mugaragaro mu gihe cyo kwamamaza impinduka z’umwaka ( nka bonne annee)

3. Umunsi mukuru w’ingando: kubara 28:27, 33,34,-36,39 abayisiraheri bibuka uko batuye
mu mahema bari murugendo bava mu Egiputa (no 29;12-38; neh8:15)

4. Purimu: (Esth 9:20-32)

Abayuda barokotse akaga ko kurimburwa kateguwe na Hamani. Bituma kuwa 14-15/12 iyo
minsi yombi bayita mikuru uko umwaka utashye.

5. Noel (Noheli)

Mu rurimi rw’iki Gaulois, amajya ruguru ya Italie

No= kuvuka
El= Imana
Mu kinyejana cya 6 mbere ya yesu umunsi mukuru ufite inkomoko muri Medo-perse mu gace
ka’igihugu cya IRAN.
Ikigirwamana cyitwa Mithra= imana y’izuba.izuba rikaboneka nyuma y’amezi y’imbeho.mu kwezi
kwa 12 bakishimira kubona izuba. KonsitantIno (Kayisari)amaze kwemera idini rya gikristo
muwa 313 ku. Itegeko rya sohokeye I Milano (Edit de milan). Hari nyuma yo kwerekwa
ikimenyetso cy’umusaraba utukura, nibwo yategetse gusimbuza imana-izuba Mithra kuvuka kwa
yesu.
Ariko kuva muwa 312 nyuma ya yesu NOEL(Noheri) yahinduranya amatariki. Habanje * Tariki
06/01 buri mwaka kalindari ya Epiphane hakurikiraho.
 Tariki 18/11 za buri mwaka (kalindari ya Clément d’Alexandrie)
 Karindari ya Julien le 07/01 buri mwaka
 Kalindari yaherutse niya Papa Gregoire w’ i Roma (1572-1585) nyuma ya Yesu, ni we
wemeje neza le 25/12 za buri mwaka ko bubahiriza kuvuka kwa Yesu.
6. Pentekote: umunsi w’umuganura wakurikiraga amasabato arindwi 7*7= 49 ukaza ari
umunsi wa 50 uturutse ku munsi wa Pasika mu isrzereno rishya n’umunsi wa 50 kuva ku
munsi wo kuzuka k’umwami yesu. Yesu yazutse ku wa mbere w’icyumweru n’Umwuka
Wera amanuka ku munsi wa mbere w’icyumweru. Amaze kuzuka yiyeretse abigishwa be
akomeza kubabonekera mu minsi (40) abakurwamo bamureba nyuma y’iminsi (10)
yoherereza abigishwa Umwuka Wera.

7. Dedicace : umunsi mukuru wo kweza urusengero rwari rwahumanijwe na Antiochus

Epiphane IV. Mu w’i 165 mbere ya Yesu, yategetse ko batamba ingurube mu cyimbo
cy’inka n’intama n’ihene.
 16

Umunsi wakomejwe na Yuda Makabe (Judas Machabee) nyuma y’intambara yabaye hagati
y’abayuda n’abagiriki mu mwaka wa 167 mbere ya Yesu kugeza mu wa 163. Antiochus Epiphane
yari yakuyeho imihango yose y’abayuda:
- gukebwa
- isabato
- Gutwika Ibyanditswe Byera (AT)
- Gusimbuza igitambo cy’ingurube icy’inka n’ihene n’intama 4:52-59 ; 54-59
Umunsi mukuru wo kweza urusengero bawitaga umunsi w’imicyo (Ant. 12:77)= jour des
lumières uwatangije intambara yo kubohoza urusengero n’umutambyi witwa Mattathias wabaye
intandaro y’intambara y’abamakabe (Macchabées). Macchabée Yuda yari umwana wa
Mattathias. Urusengero rwahumanuwe neza mu w’ 135 mbere ya Yesu.

Ni yo mpamvu kuva ku butegetsi bw’umwami Salomo 970 mbere ya Yesu, habaye insengero
eshatu:
 Urusengero rwa Salomo: rwasenywe na Nebukadinezari mu wa 586 mbere ya Yesu.
Urusengero rwubatswe imyaka irindwi n’igice 7,5 kuva mu (966-959) mbere ya Yesu
(1Abam6:1,38)
 Urusengero rwa kabiriri: rwubatswe na Zerubabeli, Yeshuwa na Ezira. Nehemiya yaje
gusoza asana inkike za Yerusalemu. Uru rwo rwubatswe imyaka 22 kuva mu wa (537-
515) mbere ya Yesu, na rwo rwasenywe na Antiochus Epiphane IV. Niyompamvu habaye
umuhango wo kweza urusengero, bawugira umunsi mukuru (Ezira 6:3)
 Urusengero rwa gatatu bita urusengero rwa Herode rwubatswe imyaka 46. Kuva 19
mbere ya Yesu kugeza mu wa 27 nyuma ya Yesu (19 av.JC- 27 ap. jc) ni rwo TITUS
umukuru w’ingabo z’abaroma yaje gusenya mu mwaka wa le 29/08/70. Titus yari
umuhungu wa Vesparien Kayisari kuva (69-79 ap. jc) Titus aza kuba Kayisari asimbuye
se mu wa (79-81ap.jc)
1. Antiquites juies= n’igitabo kivuga amateka y’inkomoko y’ abayuda n’imihango yabo.

IGICE CYA KABIRI

 17

AMATEKA Y’ITORERO (VI-X)

IJAMBO Y’IBANZE

Uhereye Itorero ritangiye, kugeza mu kinyejana cya V, Itorero ryakomeje guhura n’ibihe biruhije ( bya
politiki), ku buryo ritigeze rirenga imbibi z’ ubutegetsi bw’ I Roma. Ikinyejana cya gatanu cyaranzwe n’
ukwigabanya kabiri k’ubutegetsi bwa politiki bw’i Roma, bwatangiye kubaho ubwo umwami TEWODOZE
yapfuye amaze kugabanya ubutware bwe abahungu be babiri umwe agafata iburasirazuba undi agafata
iburengerazuba.

Amoko atandukanye yitwa aba BAREBARE ( barbares) ni amoko yorohereje, agayitse yibasiye izo ntara
cyane cyane iy’i burengerazuba ku buryo umuryango wa JEREMANI ( les germains) wari ugizwe n’ abizera
b’abariani ( les Ariens) barwanije ubutegetsi mu rwego rwa politiki n’urwa kidini. Ariko Itorero ryaje
kubasumbya imbaraga rirabanesha. Abayisilamu baboneyeho muri izo ntamabara z’imyizerere
itandukanye y’abanyetorero nabo barwanya Itorero.

N’ubwo ubutegetsi bwa politiki bwasaga n’ubunaniwe, Itorero ryarahagaze mu mwanya waryo cyane
cyane mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Justinien [ ( 527)wibandaga cyane ku bibazo n’imyizerere y’Itorero. Mu
kinyejana cya 7, Itorero ryaje guhura n’intambara y’ abayisilamu na none imeneye mu ntege nke z’Itorero,
izo ntege nke zakomokaga mu itorero ubwaryo. Kuko abanyetorero ntibavugaga rumwe mu kwemera
Yesu no gusenga bakoresheje ibishushanyo. Izi ntambara zose z’imyizerere n’izapolitiki zatumye itorero
riseba mu b’isi kugera aho ribamo ibice nk’uko ibice by’ubutegetsi bwa politiki byari biri.

I. ITORERO RY’IBURASIRAZUBA

Amateka y’ itorero twize ubushize (I-V) s aho idini gaturika ryari rimaze kuba irya bose kubera impamvu
twize kandi ni na cyo gihe ubutegetsi bwa politiki bwagabwe mo kabiri. Ibi bice bya politiki byageze no mu
Itorero n’ubwo umuyobozi waryo yari umwe (Papa w’I Roma). Agenzura iburengerazuba n’iburasirazuba.
Papa uwo abonye abategetsi ba politiki bananiwe kubera intamabara zo hanze, yaboneyeho kwiha
umwanya w’ubuyobozi bw’idini n’ubwa politiki. N’ubwo ubwami bw’iburengerazuba bwari bushizeho (476)
bufashwe n’abavuye hanze (abajerimani) Papa we yabahinduye abakristo, ahereye ku mwami wabo
Kalovis (Clovis) n’umugore we Kolotilida (Clotilde).

Dianone Justinien I watwaraga iburasirazuba yahagaze neza afashaI kurwana intambara yo kwizera.
Yagize ubutwari bwa politiki n’ubw’idini ku buryo yinjiraga no mu bibazo bwite by’Itorero agashyiraho no
gukuraho abayobozi b’idini kugezaho atumiza inama nkuru z’Itorero. Ibyo yabifashijwemo n’umugore we
Tewodore kuko yari umwizera ku buryo bubakishije insengero nka Catederari ya Mutagatitifu SOFIYA.
Asenya amazu y’ibigirwamana bya Filozofiya, arwanya abanzi b’ Itorero b’ ingeri zose.

I. 1. ABANZI B’IBITORERO RY’IBURASIRAZUBA

- Abayisilamu

Abanzi b’Itorero bakunze kugaragara n’abizera ubwabo batari bafite ukwemera Yesu kimwe, bitewe
n’inyigisho bakuye hirya no hino cyane cyane bakongezwagamo rwihishwa n’abayisilamu bo muri Asiya
y’amajepfo( les arabes, les normandes). Abo bizera ni aba Ariani bizera koYesu atari IMANA ngo abe
n’umuntu( les monophysites). Mu nama nkuru yahuje abanyetorero bose Ikonsitantinopule( 553na 680)
yemeje ko Yesu ari IMANA akaba n’umuntu yatumye Itorero copte ryo mu Misiri no muri Etipiya ni ryo
muri siriya asohoka.
Tewodora yifatanya n’abamonophysites birakomera kugezaho papa VIJILE wari IRoma ashatse
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kubirwanya birananirana we abyemarera ubwoba ku buryo Itorero ryahungabanye.

Abayisilamu bakomeje kwifashisha amakimbirane y’ imyizerere babinyujije na none mu bamonothelites:

ni abakristo bemera ko Yesu ari IMANA akaba n’umuntu ariko ubushakeari bumwe (ubumana).
Iby’imyizerere ntiyahuraga n’ukwemera kw’ itorero ryizera ko Yesu arimo ubumana n’ubuntu ni ukuvuga
ubushake bubiri. Iyi ntambara na yo yatumye itorero MARONITE ryaYohani, Maron risobanuramuri
Antiyokiyacyane ko iyo myizerere bari bayihuje na Papa HONORIUSI I w’Umwami HERACLIUS (611-641)
wasimbuye Justinien.
Aayisilamu rero bakomerejeho bigarurira Damasiko I Yerusalemu, no mu Misiri. Ikindi ni byo twita
PARTICULARISME .( kwima amatorero umudendezo, abapapa bifuza ko amateraniro akorwa mu rurimi
rw’ikilatini gusa ) ibi byatumye abizera badasonukirwa ibyanditswe byera.

I. 2. GUTSINDA GUKOMEYE KW’IDINI RYA ISLAMU.

Nk’uko tumaze kubigaragaza, gutsinda kwa abayisilamu kwahereye ku makimbirane y’ imyizerere y’

Itorero bwite irangwa n’ubuswa mu Byanditswe Byera n’ubwikanyize bw’abayobozi. Ibyo bituma
abayisilamu babona inzira batanga inyigisho shingiro za Isilamu, bagaragaza n’isano Korowani
yabaifitanye na Bibliya bituma batsinda cyane abo bakristo ndetse bigarurira benshi.

a) Inyigisho shingiro za Isilamu

- Abayisilamu bemera Imana imwe rukumbi( Allah ) n’umuhanuzi wayo Muhamedi.

- Bemera ko idini ryabo ryahishuwe n’Imana kandi ko ari iry’isezerano uhereye kuri Aburahamu
n’umwana we wa mbere ISIMAELI yabyawe na Hagari( inshoreke y’Aburahamu) Itang 16, 25:12.
- Ntibemera Yesu nk’Imana, bemera ko ari umuhanuzi nk’abandi
- Bizera ko bafite inshingano yo guhindura amahanga yose kandi ko andi madini asenga
ibigirwamana.
- Bemera kugendera mu rukundo rw’Imana( allah) kandi babihamisha imfashanyo zitandukanye
bagendera ku ijambo ry’Imana tubona muri mt 7:12.
- Bemera ko Muhamedi ari umuhanuzi usumba Mose naYesu
- Bavuga isengesho ryo kwizera kwabo gatanu k umunsi bapfukamye berekeye Imaka
- Batanga ituro ry’abakene( zakat) nk’umusoro
- Biyiriza ubusa igihe cy’ukwezi kwa RAMAZANI
- Gusura nibura rimwe mu buzima igituro cya Muhamedi ( IMAKA)
- Bemera kugendera mu mahame ya korowani ,haba mu by’isuku ,imyambarire, imirire n’ibindi.
- Kwitanga kurwana intambara yera ( guerre sainte contre les infideles) DjiahDjihad barwanya
abatizera.

b) Isano ya korowani na Bibiriya

Korowani igitabo gitagatifu cya isilamu gifite isano na Bibliya cyane cyane isezerano rya kera. Kandi
abayisilamu ubwabo bemera Bibliya usibye ko inzandiko za Pawulo kuko we atari mu ntumwa 12.
Korowani ntikorwaho na buri muntu usibye uwejejwe .

Ugutsinda kw isilamu gushingiye:

- kwemera no gushira mu bikorwa ibyo korowani ibategeka

- ubutumwa bwabo bwo guhindura n’urugamba rw’uburyo bwose kandi rwa bose.
Uguye kuri urwo rugamba bizera ko azajya mu ijuru.
- Abayisilamu bashira hamwe n’urukundo n’ ubwitange ,ari na yo mpamvu , iyo dusoma amateka
yabo n’ayitorero usanga hagatiya 630-650 bari bamaze k wigarurira ubwarabu, Palestina, Siriya,
Ubuperesi na Misiri muri 697, bigaruriye amajaruguru ya Afrika, mu wa 715 bafata agace ka
Esipagne. Hamwe na hamwe nko mu Misiri, abakirisito bahungabanijwe n’impaka z’imyizerere
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yabo, bajyag abatumira abayisilamu bagashikirana.

Itorero gutsindwa ahanini, byaribishingiye ku buswa mu byanditswe byera.

1. 3. INGORANE ZIKOMEYE Z’ABAKIRISTO

Abayisilamu aho bageraga, bageragezaga guhindura abakristo. Aho bafite ingufu nyinshi, bakabahindura
ku gahato ku buryo nko mu Misiri, abakristo basigaranye uburenganzira bwo guterana ariko batagomba
kwamamaza ubutumwa bwiza. Kandi basabwaga imisoro ibavunnye, kugeza ubwo Itorero ryagikirisitu
ryasubiye inyuma cyane.
Nk’urugero muri libani abakristo ni mbarwa, Antiyokiya n’iYerusalemu, kugeza ubu hataye agaciro kabo
nk’imirwa yari ikomeye y’abakristo. Abakristo barasuzugurwaga cyane. Imibereho yabo y’imbere
mw’itorero ikomeza gukendera no kumungwa impande zose.

II. IMIBEREHO Y’IMBERE MU ITORERO

Itorero rimaze kugaragaza intege nke, ryabaye munsi y’ubuyobozi bw’umwami cyane cyane mu
burengerazuba ni bo abakalorenjiani(les carolingiens) babonye umurava w’abayisilimu bafashe iya mbere
kubarwanya Karoli Mariteli ( Charles martel) arabatsinda ntibabona uko binjira iburengerazuba Pepin le
bref umuhungu we na we abaye umwami na we arabarwanya cyane.Charlemagne ni we wabashije
kugarura mu gihe kitari gito icyubahirocy’Itorero, atuma habaho ububyutse kubera ko yahinduraga abantu
abakristo ku gahato.
Ariko imyifatire y’abakristo haba ibwami, haba mu itorero no mu bandi baturage,iba mibi cyane nta
buzima,
Amateraniro yari ay’umuhango impaka z’imyizerere zirakomeza n’indi mihango yinjizwa mu itorero
,ubuyobe buriyongera.

UBUYOBE N’ AMASHUSHO
Geregore Mukuru wahoze ari umukuru w’abadiyakoni yagize ububyutse ahindura amoko menshi cyane
cyane ayinjiye aturutse hanze nk’aba Anglo-saxons, ni ku bw’imirimo ye yaje kuba Papa yishyiriweho
n’abaturage, ariko yaje kwinjiza ibintu bishyashya mu myizerere-INYIGISHO za purigatori , ibishushanyo
bibajwe, yemeza ko Papa w’Ubutariyani asumba uw’Ubugiriki. N’ubwo yahinduye aba barbares benshi
kuba abakristu ubuyobe na none bwatumye abanzi b’Itorero bakaza umurego. Izo mpanka z’ amashusho
zarakomeje uhereye mu wa 590 ari wo mwaka Geregori yabaye Papa kugeza mu kinyejana cya 8. Abize
amateka y’Itorero bemeza ko amateraniro arimo ibishushanyo akomoka hanze y’Itorero cyane cyane ku
bategetsi b’isi binjiraga mu itorero n’ imihango yabo ya gipagani. Kuko batemeraga ko IMANA iba hafi
bagashaka kuyisenga bakoresheje ibishushanya Imana.

Dore abami barwanije ibishushyanyo

-Leon III ( 717-745), CONSTANTINO V( 741-775)

-LEON IV (775-780), CONSTANTINO VI , waje kwicwa na nyina Irene umutwarekazi amukuyemo amaso
kuko asenga ibishushanyo. Papa Geregoire wa 1,2,3 na musenyeri JERMANOS barwanije abo bami
usibye Musenyeri ANASITAZI wabashyigikiye na we arwanya ibishushanyo. Mu wa 787 ni bwo IRENE
umutwarekazi yatumiye Inama nkuru ya Nicee ihuriyemo abasenyeri bose bemeza ko ibishushanyo ari
ngobwa mu materaniro kubera iyi mpamvu: iyo URAMYA IGISHUSHANYO CY’UMUNTU , UMUNTIMA
URUSHAHO KUJYA EJURU UMWEGERA BIKAMUTERA KUMWENYURA. Uba wibuka uwo bishushyanya
ibyo byagombye gukorwa babisoma kandi babyunamira.
Indi mpamvu itorero gGaturika ivuga ishyigikira ibishushanyo ngo ni UGUSHAKA KWITANDUKANYA
N’ABAPAGANI NA BO BASENGA BAKORESHEJE IBISHUSHANYO. NI NGOMBWA RERO KO HABAHO
IBISHUSANYO BY’ABAKIRISTU BITANDUKANYE N’IBYABAPAGANI.
 20

Abakirisito babirwanya bifashisha bibliya nko kuva 20:4-5; guteg 5:8-9; 4:14-19; abal 26; kuva 40:18
yoh4:23 ;
2abak 5:16 etc………….

III. ITORERO RIKOMEZA GUKWIRAKWIZA UBUTUMWA.

N’ubwo itorero ryari muri ubwo buyobe ubutumwa bwakomeje kuvugwa cyane cyane igihe cy’umwami
CHARLEMAGNE kuko yibandaga cyane kuby’IMANA kandi atemera ibishushanyo. Mu kinyejana cya 8 na 9
ni bwo ubutumwa bwageze muri AZIA y’epfo mu ntambara y’itorero n’abayisilamu. Ubutumwa bugera mu
Bushinwa no mu burayi hose. Ibyo byashobowe n’uko HABAYEHO GUHINDURA BIBLIYA MU ZINDI
NDIMI, N’ISHIRWAHO RY’AMASHURI AHAGARARIWE N’ AMATORERO, HASHIRWAHO N’IBIGO BYA
TEWOLOJIA. KANDI IBITARI MURI BIBLIYA NTIBYEMERWAGA MUGIHE CYA CHARLEMAGNE.
Itorero ryaje kugira ingufu cyane kubera ko ubutegetsi bw’idini bwari bwifatanije n’ ubwapolitiki. Ni ko
umwami yahaga papa ingufu na papa agaha umwami . Ariko ntabwo ibyo byafashije itorero mu buryo
bw’Umwuka.
Charlemagne apfuye ubutegetsi bwaranzwe n’ingufu nke abahungu be aribo LOUIS le Pieux na KAROLI Le
Chauve bagerageje kwiha ingufu igihe gito bafatanya na papa NIKOLAS 1.

Ubutegetsi bw’abadage ni bwo bwaje gufata ubuyobozi ku ngufu ububasha bwa ba Papa bwiyongereye
kugezaho bagirira ijambo ritavuguruzwa mu byapolitiki. Ubutumwa burakwizwa mu burayi hose kugera
muri pologne no muri sikandinave muri ukogushyirwa hejuru kw’aba papa no kubera icyubahiro
bahabwaga byatumye bifata nk’abatware b’isi.

IV. ITORERO RYIVANZE NA POLITIKI.

IV. !. Ububasha Bwa Ba Papa Bw’iyongera

Nk’uko tumaze kubivuga, abayoboke b’idini( abapapa) kuba abatware bagomba kugenga iby’isi. Begurirwa
amasambu n’uturere tunini ku buryo na bo babaga bashaka no gutuza abantu bakajya bahabwa imisaruro
n’inyungu nk’abami. Ni uko ubwami bwari umurage na ho bo iyo Papa yapfaga yasimburwaga n’uwo
umwami ashimye ariko ibyo ntibyahiriye Itorero.

IV.2. INTEGENKE Z’ABA PAPA

Itorero rimaze kwivanga mu bya politike amaze kwemera kugengwa na leta muri byose ku buryo babuze
umudendezo n’ubuyobozi bw’itorero kugeza aho mu macumbi y’aba Episikopi yababwagmo
n’abatabikwiriye, bafite imyifatire mibi. Mu kinyejana cya 9 ni bwo ubupapa bwagiye mu ntege nke bukora
amahano n’amarorerwa menshi. Ku buryo uhereye kuri NICOLAS 1 kugeza kuri GREGOIRE VII , hatangiye
kubaho ibihe by’umwijima by’ubu papa (870-1050); ari na yo mpamvu abanyamateka bita icyo gihe ‘’
igicuku cy’umwaka w’umwijima cyangwa cy’ubuhenebere.

IV.3 IBIRANGA ICYO GIHE

Muri rusange integer nke za papa zaranzwe na RUSWA, Kwiyandarika gushaka ubukungu bw’isi mu buryo
bwa magendu, kumena amaraso , gupingana, gushaka ubupapa ku ngufu, kwifatanya n’ ubutegetsi bw’isi
kugirango babone ubupapa. Ariko muri ibi byose twabishyira mo ibintu bibiri.

IV.3.1 Politiki mbi yo gutora abapapa

- Ubupapa bweguriwe imiryango ikomeye n’ubwo babaga barangwa n’imyifatire mibi.

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- Abapapa bagiye batanga ruswa kugirango babuhabwe ari byo twita la SIMONIE.

URUGERO: Papa Boniface VII (984-985) yishe Papa Yohani XIV abayinyujije mu gutanga amafaranga yari
yibye.

- BENOIT VIII ( 1012-1024) yaguze ubupapa atanze ruswa ku mugaragaro.

- YOHANI XIX (1024-1033) yaguze ubupapa,umunsi umwe ava ku bupadiri aba musenyeri aba
Karidinari agera k’Ubupapa.

IV.3.2 IMIBEREHO YANDUYE Y’ABAPAPA

Abapapa bagiye birengagiza inshingano zabo z’iby’umwuka bishakira indamu z’ iby’isi; ubusambanyi
bukabije nka Papa Yohani XIX ( 956-964) yari umusambanyi kandi abo asambana na bo ari abo mu
muryango we.
Ikindi aba Papa ubwabo bagendaga basebanya bitana abadayimoni n’ibindi by’ubwicanyi kumena
amaraso na ruswa,ibizira byinjira ahera h’Imana.

BENOIT IX yari umwicanyi ku buryo amateka yemeza ko yari mubi gusumba abandi.We yajyaga akoresha
abacancuro ngo bice abandi. Kubera ibyo ubudage bwagize ( Clément III) (1046-1047) kuba Papa kuko
umwami HENRI w’umudage yabonaga nta Papa n’umwe utaranduye .

Ibyo byatumye abizera bose bahagurukira kurwanya ba papa bafite imigayo ni yo mpamvu hifuzwaga
ivugurura.
Iryo vugurura ryayobowe na HILDEBRAND, hashyirwaho za monastere nyinshi mu budage. Mu Bufaransa
na ho hari Monastere, ni nay o yari ikomeye kurusha izindi. Iryo vugurura ryakomeje mu kinyejana cya 11
na 12 .Hagati aho iburasirazuba batacyemerera abizera b’ iburengerazuba n’abandi ari uko, ibyo byose
bituma Itorero ryigabanyamo ibice bibiri.

V. KUGABANYWA KW’ITORERO RY’IBURENGERAZUBA N’IBURASIRAZUBA ( Kwicamo ibice)

Ibice byabayeho mu rwego rwa politiki bitandukanya uburengerazuba n’uburasirazuba by’ubutegetsi bw’ I
ROMA mu wa 395, byateye buhoro buhoro ibice mu rwegorw’idini . kubera ibihe biruhije by’imidugararo
byabayeho mu kinyejana cya 9 n’icya 10 , ubutegetsi bw’iburasirazuba kimwe n’ubw’iburengerazuba,
byatumye ubuyobozi bw’idini (abapapa) buhungabana mu buryo bwose , kugeza aho byaje kuvamo
kugabanywa ku itorero gatorika mo ibice 2. Kimwe kiba itorero ry’iburengerazuba, ikindi kiba
iry’iburasirazuba.

V.1. IMPAMVU ZATEJE ITORERO KWICAMO IBICE

a. Imishyikirano Mike :
Mu buryo bw’imibereho n’imico, iburengerazuba n’iburasirazuba ntabwo byongeye gushyikirana
cyane kubera ko ubwami bwari bwigabanijemo kabiri. Ibyo na byo ntibyabuze mu matorero. Buri
gice cyagiye kirangwa n’intambara zacyo n’ubwo rimwe na rimwe babashaga gutabarana. Imico
y’abagiriki ntiyahuzaga n’ iyabalatini bigera no mu matorero.

b. Indimi zitandukanye: kuba utwo turere twombi tudahuje uririmi, n’ubwo iburengerazuba bifuzaga
ko ururimi rw’ikilatini ari rwo rukoreshwa mu itorero hose abagiriki ntibabyemeye na bo
bakoresha urwabo.
c. Amakimbirane y’ubutegetsi
Yafashe intera ndende no mu Itorero, amatorero y’iburasirazuba ntiyemera gukomeza kuyoborwa
na Papa w’i Roma, ahubwo bifuje na bo ko Papa wabo yakomoka i Konsitantinople cg muri
Antiyokiya y’i Siriya, cg i Yerusalemu, cg Alegizanderiya yo mu Misiri.
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d. IMYUMVIRE ITANDUKANYE
Abagiriki bari abanyabwenge kurushya abalatini, ndetse babarusha no kujya impaka no kumva
ibintu vuba bakarusha abalatini gushyira mu bikorwa ibyabo, ibyo na byo bigatuma bagayana.

e. KUDAHUZA IMYEMERERE Y’ IJAMBO RY’IMANA N’AMAHAME Y’ITORERO

Itorero ry’ Iburasirazuba ntiryemeraga:
- Amasengesho y’abapfuye n’abatagatifu
- Gukoresha umutsima udasembuye mu igaburo ryera
- Ibihe birebire byo kwiyiriza ubusa
- Kubuza abapadiri kurongora.
- Umubatizo wo ku gahangana.
- Ibishushanyo bibajwe, ndetse ntibemere ko Umwuka Wera ugera mu itorero uvuye ku Mana Data
unyuze mu Mwana Yesu, ahubwo bakizera ko uva ku Mana Data ujya mu Itorero. Ariko impamvu
ikomeye muri izo zose n’ugushaka gusumbisha Papa w’Iroma abandi basenyeri bose
b’iburasirazuba; biturutse kuri NICOLAS I umwami wakuyeho Papa Inyasi w’IKONSITANTINOPLE
amusimbuza Pontiyusi 858 kuko we yemeraga kuyoborwa na Papa w’i Roma. Ibyo bituma
harangwa ibice bibiri bigaragara. Ubwa bwa mbere haje kubaho itandukana burundu mu 1054
ubwo Musenyeri Micheli KERUTARIUSI yimitswe (1054-1058) ahangana Papa Leo IX (1049-1054).
Ubwo bandikaga amabarwa batumanaho n’intumwa ko umwe aciye n’undi agaca undi impaka
zibura gica. Baratandukana mu kinyejana cya 11 kugeza mu cya 15, bagerageje kwiyunga ngo
babe Itorero rimwe ariko ntibyashoboka, ahubwo baha inzira abayisiramu, bafata amatorero yabo
i KONSITANTINOPLE na ho harafatwa.

V.2. Ubuzima bw’itorero ry’Ubugiriki

N’ubwo bagaragara nk’abashaka kuwugurura Itorero nta kintu gisha bagaragaje. Nabo baranzwe n’ibintu
by’umuhango n’umugenzo byica kandi bimunga ubugingo bwa benshi. Itorero ry’ubugiriki naryo
ryemeraga purigatoria mubundi buryo ndetse bagahakana ibyo twita ‘’ TRANSSUBSTANTIATION’’ .
kwemera igikombe n’umutsima ko ari amaraso n’inyama za Yesu , ariko bahamanyako iyo bimaze
gusengerwa bihita bihinduka amaraso n’inyama za yesu. N’ubwo batemeraga ibishushanyo bibajwe nabo
bakoraga ibishushanyo bishushanyije ku muryango no kubisika by’amazu n’insengero no kuri ALTARI.
Bagiye babatiza abana inshuro eshatu bamaze iminsi 40 bavutse bagakomeza bagatanga igaburo ryera
(umutsima usembuye na Divayi) kubantu bose n’abana bakemera gushingirwa no kurongora kw aba
padiri, basiga amavuta barwayi ngo bakire n’ibindi.

INDUNDURO:
Amateka y’itorero hagati y’ikinyejena cya VI-X yaranzwe n’ubutegetsi bukomeye bwateraga ubutegetsi
bw’Iroma cyane cyane uburengerazuba ariko itorero rikabuhindura. Ndetse muri ibyo bitero bitandukanye
harimo n’iby’imyizerere ariko aba MONOPHYSITE twavuze n’aba MONOTHEISTE anaribyo byatumye
abayisilamu banaboneraho inzira. Intambara yo gusenga hakoreshejwe ibishushanyo nayo yashegeshe
Itorero hakubitiraho kwimika aba papa hakoreshejwe ibiguzi, n’akazu k’abakomeye iby’Umukwa
birakendera. Habaho ukwifatanya k’ubuyobozi bw’idini n’ibya politiki kuburyo abategetsi b’ibya politiki
basigaye bagenga itorero hanyuma ribura umudendezo waryo. Muri izo ntambara zitandukanye icyavuye
mu idini kinariho n’uyu munsi n’inyigisho za purigatori, aba papa kwivanga mu bya politiki,
kudasobanukirwa Ibyanditswe Byera, imigenzo n’imihango yariyongereye, ubuzima bw’Umwuka Wera
bwarakendereye ugereranyije n’Itorero ry’ Intumwa. Ubutumwa nta mbaraga bwagize cyane kubera
imyifatire mibi y’ayabayobozi b’idini.
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IGICE CYA GATATU.

I. IJAMBO RY’IBANZE

Iyo dusomye ibitabo by’amateka y’isi, hagati y’ibinyejana(XI-XV), ntidushobora kubonamo neza imiterere
y’itorero n’imyifatire y’ubuyobozi bwaryo. Ariko hari ibindi bitabo bigenewe kutumenyesha uko itorero
ryagiye rihindura imiyoborere biturutse no kungwiririzi z’ibihe.
 957-1448 : Itorero ry’uburusiya

 1050-1100: Geregori wa VII(karindwi)

 1100-1150: Imitwe y’abihaye Imana

 1150-1200: Gutora ibihano bigenewe abahemukiye idini Gaturika

 1200-1250:Abami basabwa kwicisha bugufi imbere ya Papa. Haba ibitero (intambara zera) byo
kurwanya abatavugarumwe n.amahame ya Kiliziya gaturika

 1250-1300: Ingaruka yo kumva nabi umuhango w’Igaburo Ryeara(1096-1270).

 1302-1300: Itorero ryicamo ibice(Avignon na Roma)

 1400-1450: Inama zitegura amavugurura

Aba-Isilamu bafata uturere twinshi tw’iburasirazuba

 1450-1500: Inyubako ya bazilika ya Petero Mutagatifu( inzu nini abagatulika basengeragamo I
Roma. Imibereho ya Martin Luther mbere y’ivugurura ry’itorero( 1483+1517)

II. KUVUKA KW’ITORERO RY’UBURUSIYA.

1. Amavuko y’Itorero:

Mu itangiriro ry’ikinyejana cya cumi ntabwo itorero ryari ryakageze mu Burusiya. Amateka atubwira ko
 24

umugore witwaga OLUGA(Olga), umugabo we yari igikomangoma Igori ni we wabashije gukora urugendo
agera mu Karere ka Konsitantinopule. Uwo mugore hamwe na Vuladmiri(Vladimir) amaze kwihana, bombi
ni bo bafatanije kugeza itorero mu Burusiya. Uyu Vuladimiri yabatizanywe n’abaturage bo mu Karere ka
chelson yayoboraga. Itorero rya Gikristo iburasirazuba, riba icyamamare mu Burusiya. Itorero rigitangira
ryabanje gusurwa n’Itorero ry’ubugiriki ku mudugudu wa Kiev, ni bwo Bibliya y’ikigiriki yaje guhindurwa mu
rurimi rw’igisilavo. Umumonaki(moine) umwe witwa Theodose atangiza uburezi bw’abihaye Imana (abari
muri Kuva=Couvent).

2. Gutera imbere ku Itorero hagati y’ibinyejana( XI-XV).

Itorero ry’uburusiya, ryari rifitanye ubumwe n’itorero ry’iburengrezuba. Hanyuma, ibitero by’abarwana
intambara yera(croisés), bayobowe n’inama iturutse kuri Papa mu mugambi wo kubohoza uturere
tw’abakristo, byatumye abayoboke b’itorero ry’uburusiya bazinukwa. Mu kinyejana cya XIV, ni bwo
Moscou yabaye umurwa mukuru w’uburusiya. Ikicaro kirahinduka, aho gukorera I Kiev nk’uko bisanzwe,
bahitamo gukorera Moscou. Mu mwaka wa 1448, abaturike (turcs)bari batakigenzura konsitantinopule.
Abarusiya bagumana ubwigenge, bayobora bagenzi babo bahoze mu buhake bw’abayisilamu.
(1) Manasse N., Amateka y’itorero 28-1400 syllabus, urup.13.i

III. INDUNDURO Y’UBUSHOBOZI BWA PAPA

Ibikingi by’amasambu byateye ikibazo ngorabahizi hagati (XI-XIII). Imiryango yatoneshejwe n’ubutegetsi
bwa Papa(nobles) yari yarikubiye umutungo, ni bwo abami bakomeye uw’ubufaransa n’ubwongereza
bagerageje guhiranya no gucyaha ubwibone bw’abari baratoneshejwe. Muri icyo gihe cy’akaduruvayo
kabaye mu burayi, igice kitashegeshwe n’icy’itorero. Ni zo mpamvu ryagize imbaraga zo guhagarika indi
mirimo yose(politike, imyuga, ubumenyi)byose munsi y’ubushobozi bwa Papa.

1. Papa n’ubutegetsi

Mbere yo kugira ngo Gregoire VII(1073-1084) yicare ku ntebe y’ubupapa, mu izina ryumumonaki
Hildebrand yari yarabaye umujyanama kuzana ivugurura ryabaye mu itorero rya cluny(France).
<< Itorero ryari ryarandujwe no kwigira icyigenge ku bwa Leta>>. Haba kwiyegurira Imana bidasanzwe(XI-
XII). Kuva kuri Leon IX( 1049-1054). Itorero ryagiranye ubusabane na Leta kuko ni ryo ryafataga
umwanzuro ku bintu byose.
2. Intege nke zaranze Papa.

Igihe cy’umwepisikopi witwa Nicolas II (1058-1061 ny.k), umumonaki Hilderbrand ni bwo yaguye
icyubahiro n’ubushobozi bw’abapapa, kuko bo bagomba gutorwa n’abakaridinali, bituma bakomera, kuko
na we yari muri bakaridinali kuva mu mwaka wa 1049.

3. Kurwanya abatizera.

Mahomet ari we aba islamu bavuga ko ari umuhanuzi, amaze gupfa nyuma ya 632, abayoboke be bakajije
umurego, ku buryo mu mwaka wa 685 bari bamaze kwigarurira uturere dukukira:
Ubwarabu, Palestina, siriya, ubuperesi na Misiri. Mu wa 697 bigaruriye Afurika y’amajyaruguru, mu wa 715
bari bamaze gufata akarere ka sipaniya. Abakristo babonekaga muri utwo turere, bahungabanijwe
 25

n’impaka z’abayislamu.
Ikibazo cyahagurukije ibitero(bitaga croisades) biyobowe ku nama z’abapapa ku kibazo cya Palestina,
bavugaga ko ari ubutaka bwera, ku bubohoza ngo buve mu maboko y’abayislamu byari ingenzi,
bakaboneraho no kuzana amagufwa y’abera(reliques) byose hamwe, habaye ingendo z’ibitero munani(8
croisades).

Gahunda y’ibitero :
 “Icyambere: Cyabohowe na Papa UrbainII(1096-1099).

 Icya kabili: Cyayobowe n’Umwami w’ubufaransa , Louis VII, (1147-1149), ariko cyarabanje
kwamamazwa na Bernard Mtagatifu,

 Icya 3: (1189-1192), cyayobowe na Frederic Barberouse nyuma y’ifatwa rya Yerusalemu.

 Icya 4: Cyayobowe na Papa Boniface wa Mont ferrat (1202-1204)

 Icya 5: (1217-1221), cyagiye ubusa

 Icya 6: Cyayobowe na Kayisari Frederic wa II(1228-1229), yashakaga kubohoza Yerusalemu na

Betlehemu, na Nazareti

 Icya 7: (1248-1254) cyateguwe cyerekeza muri Misiri kiyobowe n’Uwera Louis

 Icya 8(1270) Cyayobowe n’Uwitwa Louis Wera, apfira muri Tuniziya.

ii
collectFreyry-les Aubrais ;Dictioonnaire usual; P. 242,1986

IV. IMITWE Y’ABIHAYE IMANA

1. Abamonaki : Abihaye Imana bari batuye I Kilini –I Burugonye( mu bufaransa), bivuruguse cyane
mu by’isi, ni bwo umwe muri bo witwaga Bruno w’I Kolonye, atangiza I Grenoble umutwe
w’abakartri(chatreux). Abamonaki bategekwa kwicara (gutura) mu rwiherero, kandi bacecetse.

Kwitandukanya n’abantu byagize akamaro mu kwandika ibitabo muri bo, hari nabasito(citeaux).
Batandukanywaga n’abandi ku bw’imyenda y’umweru, babitaga” abamonaki bera”.
Kwitandukanya n’iby;isi byagaragajwe cyane n’umuyobozi wabo “Bernard Clairvaux”.

2. Imitwe y’ubutabazi:

a) Abagira neza: Bari barihaye inshingano yo gufasha abarwayi, abari mu mazu y’’imbohe
n’abanyamahanga.

b) Abagendera ku mafarashi: Aba ni bo bagabaga ibitero kujya kurwanya abatizera ni bo

batabaraga bakura abantu mu mabako ya kiyislamu.

c) Abigenga(imiryango): Na bo bakoraga imirimo y.ubutabazi ariko mu murimo w’ubumonaki,

 26

ntabwo bashyiragaho indahiro.

3. Abasabirizi:

a) Abafaransisike(Franciscains): Francois d’Assise(1182-1226), yaretse ubutunzi bwe

yiyegurira Imana. Uyu yavuze ubutumwa mu gihugu cye, mbere yo gupfa, yeretswe imibyimba
Yesu yagiriye ku musaraba” Hanyuma apfa yubamye hasi yambaye ubusa”. Nyuma y’urupfu
rw’umuyobozi wabo bacitsemo 2, bamwe babivamo abandi bake muri bo barakomeza ari bo
twita “|abavandimwe”. Bahamagariwe kwirinda, bayoborwaga na “Antoine de Padoue”.

b) Abadominike(Dominicains): Ni bo biyitaga” imbwa z’Umwami Yesu”, ikintu kinini

baharaniraga ni ukurwanya inyigisho z’ibinyoma.

V. TEWOLOGIYA MU ITORERO

Amajyambere yatumye abantu bo mu myaka yo hagati( Moyen age), bagira inyota yo kumenya
Ibyanditswe Byera, bahagurukira kubaka amashuri na za kaminuza z’iyoboka-Mana.
Abatewolojiya bavugaga ko ukuri atari uko guhishurirwa ahubwo ko kwanditse mu “Byanditswe Byera”.
VI. GAHUNDA MU NSENGERO:

1. Ubwicaro

Inzu basengeragamo yarangwaga n’amashusho ariko cyane cyane, amashusho y’abera bapfuye.
Insengero z’ibiti zagiye zisimburwa n’amatafari. Uko n’ibihe byagiye bisimburana ni ko n’ubwiza
bw’insengero bwarushagaho gutera imbere.
Mu nsengero nziza twavuga:
 Katedrali ya Reins(cathedrale de Reims) I Sipaniya.

 Katederali ya Tournai(catedrale de Tournai) Ububiligi.

Insengero zagaragazaga ubwiza buhebuje ku bwo ibirabo n’amashusho.

3 J.M NICOLE ,PRECIS DEL’HISTOIRE DE L’Eglise, Zeeil, p107,1972

2. Gahunda y’amateraniro n’ubuyobozi

Muri gahunda z’amateraniro turavugamo”Amasakaramentu”, umuntu ukunzwe kuvugwa ni Gregoire wa

VII( Karindwi).
Gahunda ye yari igizwe n’ingingo 3 zisa n’amategeko:
a) Umupadiri agomba kuba ingaragu byanze bikunze, uwashakanye n’umugore ariko akiyumvamo
umuhamagaro nyuma, agomba kumwirukana, kimwe n’uko umuselibateri wumva umuhamagaro
umushizemo, agomba kureka umurimo agashaka umugore.

b) Gukuraho, guca burundu icuruzwa ry’udukoresho twejejwe(objets sacrets), n’inshingano mu

murimo w’Imana.
 27

c) Kugabanya uburenganzira kubadahagarariye imirimo mu itorero ku buryo batagomba no kugira

uruhare mu gutora ababakuriye. Uko gutandukanya abapadiri n’abayoboke babo byagize ingaruka
mbi:

Ijambo ry’Imana ryabuze umwanya waryo, ahubwo baha ikuzo inyigisho:

 Zo kuramya abera.

 Gusengera abapfuye ngo ubugingo bwabo bucungurwe, kuko bizera purigatori(2 Mak
12:42,46)

 Kwifashisha abamalayika n’abatagatifu mu masengesho(Tob 12:;2 Mak 15:14, Baruki 3:4)

 Isengesho rya Bikiramariya rihabwa intebe.

3. Amasakaramento

Amaskaramento azwi ni 7, akurikira:

 Umubatizo

 Gukomezwa

 Ukarisitiya

 Kwicuza

 Gusigwa kw’abarwayi

 Gushyingirwa

 Kwimikwa

a) Umubatizo: Ijambo risobanura umubatizo mu Kigiriki ni βatizein, muri iryo jambo harimo
kwibiza mu, hakabamo na baignoire=icyuma kibika amazi ashyushye n’akonje yo kwiyuhagira.

Itorero gaturika, ntiribatiza ahubwo rikora ikimenyetso mu gahanga. Kuminjagira (aspercion )

cg gusuka(infusion). Umubatizo wemewe muri Biblia ni uwo kwibiza(immersion) kuko ari wo
ushushanya mu buryo bw’Umwuka gupfa no kuzuka(Rom6:3-4).
b) Gukomezwa(confirmation): Umuhango ukorwa na Padiri wenyine, bisobanura gusohoza
umuhango wo gutangira ubuhamya uwabatijwe.

c) Ekarisitiya:Mu muhango wa Ekaristiya haje kuvukamo ikibazo cyo kudasobanukirwa neza

umuhango w’igaburo ryera. Hari amagambo 2 yitugatugira kuri Ekaristiya:

-Transsubstantiation
-Consubstantiation
 Mu ijambo rya mbere: Transsubstantiation, bigishako umutsima umanyagurwa ari
inyama y’umubiri wa Yezu, na divayi ikaba amaraso ya Yesu, ngo iyo turi ku igaburo
tuba turi kurya Yesu by’ukuri.

 Mu ijambo rya kabili: Consubstantiation: Igihe cy’umuhango w’igaburo ryera

 28

ntibihinduka ku bizigira ahubwo bigira imbaraga mu buryo bw’Umwuka kuko ari

urwibutso rw’urupfu rwa Yesu.

d. Kwicuza: Kwicuza imbere ya Padiri cyari ikintu cy’ingenzi, ni yo mpamvu n’igaburo ryera
ryagombaga guhabwa umuntu witunganije.

Inama yabereye I Latrani (Italie) mu mwaka wa 1215, yemeye ko: Umuyoboke wese agomba
kwihana yicuza ibyaha bye byibuze rimwe mu mwaka, kugira ngo azakire neza umutsima
n’igikombe ku munsi wa Pasika.

Ingorane zaje kuzanwa n’ibihano byo kubacisha bugufi(gukora ingendo, intambara zera
n’ibindi) byaje gusimburwa n’akayabo k’amafaranga. Uko gucishwa bugufi k’umuntu wakoze
icyaha ni nk’uko umukristo agomba gushyirwa hanze y’Itorero kugira ngo agenzurwe. Aho
kugira ngo umuntu anyure mu gihano, ahubwo bo(abapapa) bagize ikiguzi cyo guhanagura
ibyaha no kugira ngo batunganye imitima iri muri purigatori.

e. Gusigwa kw’abarwayi: Igihe umurwayi atagifite ibyiringiro byo gukira, Padiri amusiga
amavuta nko kumutegurira bwami bw’ijuru.

f. Ugushyingirwa : Gushyingirwa na ryo ni isakarmentu rikomeye kandi uwarikorewe

ntashobora kwimikwa ku mulimo w’ubutambyi(ubusaseridoti).Umuntu uwo ari we wese
gutandukana n’uwo bashakanye ntibyemewe na kiliziya Gatorika, uretse impamvu zihuje
n’inyigisho zabo.

Ariko tumenye ko impamvu zemewe kugirango umuntu atandukane n’uwo bashakanye

zidahuye n’izo mu baporotestanti, cg n’izo mu matorero y’ububyutse.

Muri Gatolika ukwiye gutandukana n’uwo bashakanye ni uyu:

 Iyo agize umuhamagaro wo kwiyegurira Imana(kuba Padiri cg umubikira)

Icyo gihe Itorero rirabyemera kandi rikabohora umugore cg umugabo.

 Iyo icyaha yakoze kinyuze mu nama ya Vatikani, Papa akigenzuye akagishyiraho
indumane, Kiliziya irabatanya.

 Urupfu.

Mu baporoso:
 Ubusambanyi butandukanya abashakanye

 Utizera muri bo ashatse gutandukana

 Urupfu

Mu matorero y’Umwuka:

 Urupfu gusa ni rwo rutandukanya abashakanye.

g. Kwimikwa: Uwimikwa na we, ntakorerwa umuhango wo gushyingirwa, akorerwa gusa uwo

 29

gusohoza umuhamagaro.Iyo ashatse gukora ubukwe asezera ku murimo

w’ubutambyi(sacerdoce).

Ku byerekeye amasakaramentu umuyoboke wese wa Kiriziya Gaturika akorerwa atandatu

muri 7.

VII. INTAMBWE YA MBERE YO KURWANYA KILIZIYA GATURIKA Y’I ROMA.

Amahame y’itorero rya mbere hamwe n’itorero ry’iburasirazuba yose yari afite umugambi 1, wo kurwanya
inyigisho z’ibinyoma ku bantu bose, mu mpande zose, hari abajyanama b’itorero.(Pères de l’Eglise).

Urugero: -Iburasirazuba twavuga: Origene, Tertuliya(Tertulien)…..

-Iburengerazuba: Ambroise, Sipuriyani(Cyprien)….

Babanje gukorera hamwe nyuma baza gutandukana mu mwaka wa1054. Kuva mu kinyejana cya V kugeza
mu cya XI, nta macakubiri yari yaranzwemo. Itorero rimaze gukomera, ni bwo imitwe ikomeye irwanya
Kiliziya Gatulika yahagurutse.
1. Abarwanya ubuyobozi

Umugambi wabo wari uwo kurwanya inyungu z’umubiri ku bavuga ko bihaye Imana, no kurwanya
ubutegetsi bwa Papa nk’umunyepolitiki. Hari bamwe mu barwanya ubuyobozi twavuga nka : Arnauld de
Brescia, ariko mbere ye habayeho Petero w’ I Bruys(Pierre de Bruys) wari utuye mu majyepfo y.ubufaransa.
Uwo ni we warwanije cyane imibereho y’ubuselibateri ku bapadiri, ibyo gusabira abapfuye, umubatizo
w’abana, aza gupfa bamutwitse nk’umuhanuzi w;ibinyoma.
Mugenzi we na we witwa Henri de Lausane (Hari w’I Lozane)we ntiyagiraga ubukaka cyane,
yashyigikiraga kuba ingaragu, uretse gusa ko yaregaga abapadiri kuba abanyamubiri, na we yaguye mu
nzu y;imbohe.
2. Abakatari: (Cathares): Abakatari bari bafitanye isano n’abapawulisia, abagomiles, batuye mu
majyepfo y’Ubufaransa. Bari bafite kwirinda kwinshi: Inyama, abagore, ntibemeraga
n’igisirikare.

VIII. ITEGEKO RIHANA ABIGISHA B’IBINYOMA(Inquisitions)

Itorero Gatulika ry’I Roma ribonyeko hahagurutse imitwe myinshi rifata umwanzuro wo kubaka inkiko zo
kugenera ibihano abantu bose batavuga rumwe na ryo(inquisitions).
Ababonekwagaho icyaha bicwaga urubozo, abandi bagatotezwa kugeza ubwo bahunze. Abemeraga ko
bagize amafuti, barababarirwaga ariko baciwe amafaranga atubutse.<< Abangaga kuva ku izima
batwikishwaga umuriro ari bazima. Amarorerwa arakomeza kugeza ubwo nko mu murwa umwe w’I
sevili(Seville) mu Busipaniya, abantu ibihumbi bine(4000) batwitswe mu myaka 40. Kuva inkiko zashingwa
na Papa Innocent III, (1199-1783), babaruye abantu 31.000 bamaze gutwikwa n’ubutegetsi bwa Papa>>.
Agahenge kaje kuboneka ari uko Umwami Berthier w’Ubufaransa yari n’Umukuru w’ingabo, amaze
kwigabiza I Roma tariki 20/02/1798 afata Papa Pie VI, amushyira mu nzu y’imbohe I Toscane Frolence,
urupfu rwe ntirwamenyekana. Muri uwo mwaka ni bwo ubugome bwa Kiliziya y’I Roma bwacitse.

Ubwo buryo bwo guhana bwababaje abami b’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, kuko byagaragaraga ko abapadiri
bafashe umwanya utabagenewe, basaga n’abarengera. Abami bavugaga ko igihano cyo kwica
kidategurwa n’Itorero,ahubwo ko gitegurwa n’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu. Ubwicanyi nk’ubwo bwakunze kubera
mu majyepfo y’ubufaransa n’ubutaliyani. Ni yo mpamvu na n’uyu munsi ari byo bihugu bifite abakirisitu
gaturika kuruta ibindi: Ubufaransa, Ubutaliyani, Isipaniya nububiligi. N’ahandi barahari, ariko ni bake.

IX. UBUTEGETSI BWA KILIZIYA GATURIKA BUTANGIRA GUKENDERA.

 30

1. UBUSOBANURO

Hagati y’ibinyejana( XIV-XV), ibihugu byinshi by’uburaya byari bimaze gutera imbere nka:
Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza, ubusipaniya, ubupolonyi, n’ibihugu by’imisozi miremire nka
Suwede, Norvège, Danemarike… byari bimaze kugera ku majyambere asesuye, uretse
ubudage, n’Ubutaliyana byari bisa nk’aho bikigendera ku matwara yo kwikubira.Uko
abantu barushagaho gutera imbere, mu bugenzuzi bw’ibyuma, ni ko n’ubushakashatsi
bwarushijeho kwiyongera, bakomeza no guhishura izindi si zitaraturwa.

Imitwe myinshi yo kurwanya idini Gatulika irahaguruka, iba myinshi kandi imwe muri yo
ishingiye ku butumwa buva mu ijambo ry’Imana, ariko budashingiye ku mihango.
Imbaraga z;itorero ryabaye icyamamare mu isi zirashenjagurika.

2. Ubushobozi Bwa Papa bugabanuka.

Umurava w’abatwaraga ubutumwa urashira, imbaraga zo kurwanya idini rya Kiyislamu

zirabura, Papa yongeye gukoranya ibitero biramunanira. Ni bwo abaturuke(Turcs
musumans)baboneyeho gufata uturere twinshi.kugeza n’ubwo bigaruriye
Constantinopule(1453).

3. Ibihe byo kumenya ubwiru bw’Imana.

Abantu bararikiye kumenya Imana babiheshejwe n’ubufindo(mystiques) ariko bibagirwa

gusabana na yo mu buryo bw’Umwuka. Iyo myizerere bayitaga mysticisme, abantu
benshi barimo abagabo n’abagore batambagira imijyi n’ibirorero, bagenda bikubita kugira
ngo bahanagure ibyaha byabo, umukuru w;aba-mystiques yari umwigisha EKKART.
Jerome Savonarole, umwe mu bantu barwanije ruswa n’imyitwarire mibi y’abapadiri, na
we yapfuye yishwe kuko yashakaga kubaha Imana kuruta kubaha abantu.
Amagam bo y’umubabaro Savonarole yavuze agiye gupfa<< Umuco mubi n’ibihe
by’ibyago tugezemo, bidusaba guha amashyi abantu bashaka guhindura ubusa ukuri>>;
arakomeza ati:<< Mwa bana b’inshira mwe nk’uk Umwami Yesu yabivuze, musa n’ibituro
bisize ingwa ntimuzakorwa n’isoni kubera amashyari yanyu? Mureba abo mufatanya na
bo, ababashyigikiye, abanzi b’ukuri n’ab’imbwa ikiranukira Kristu. Muri abibonemwifuza
iby’abandi, muri abanyabugugu, abasambanyi, murarya mukanywa, mukagwa ivutu.
Umwuga wanyu urariganya, , ubushukanyi bwanyu, buhishe nk’uwiteye agahu k’intama.
Mwishwe no kurarikira, ntimunyurwa, Mwisubiremo mwihane, mu gihe ijwi ryanjye
rigishobora guhinguranya amatwi yanyu azibye kurusha ay’inshira, namwe mwiyita
abatambyi, mukunda idini kandi muragwiriye ndabihamya, musabe nyir’ibisarurwa
yohereze abakozi bakwiye mu mulima we, mumusabe ashungure, atandukanye ingano
n’umurama, ajugunye urukumgu mu muriro>>(10).

X. IMYITEGURO Y’IVUGURURA MU ITORERO

1. ABARITEGUYE:

Twabonye ukuntu imitwe myinshi n’amadini byahagurukiye kurwanya Kiliziya Gaturika, ariko
umwe muri yo wabyukije abantu ngo gategure ivugurura n’umutwe w’abavodwa(vaudois),
Akarere k’Ubusuwisi, ariko kari munsi y’ubutegetsi bw’abafaransa, kuko na bo bavugaga
igifaransa.
Mu binyejana(XIV-XV)turabonamo abarwanashyaka twavuga nka:
a) Yohana Wycliffe(1330-1384)

N’Umutewologiya w’Umwongereza yarwanije yivuye inyuma amahano y’abamonaki no

 31

gukunda impiya kw’abapapa.Yirukanwa mu kazi aho yari umwalimu muri Kaminuza ya

OKOSIFORI(Oxford) kuko yashidikanyaga ubuyobozi bwa Papa, yigisha ko Bibliya aliyo
mutware w’ukuri gusumba byose, akarwanya imihango y’idini Gatolika. Urupfu rwe
rwabaye mu mahoro (1384). Abayoboke be baratotejwe cyane kugeza igihe
cy’amavugurura ndetse bamwe barishwe.
b) Yohana Hus(1369-1415) wo muri Tchecoslavaquie. Uyu na we yabaye umwigisha
muriKaminuza ariko aba n’umuvugabutumwa.

Akurikije ibyanditswe byera yarwanije gusenga ibishushanyo, ubucuruzi bw’ibyete byo

kubabarira ibyaha(indulgensia); ruswa mu itorero.
Aho yari mu nzu y’imbohe, bamukuyemo bamutwika mu mwaka wa (1415). Mugenzi we
bari kumwe witwa Jerome ashatse kwisubiramo, na we baramutwika.
c) Valdo: Umufaransa utuye mu Busuwisi akaba n’umutunzi w’umucuruzi yakoreraga I Lyon.
Uyu yagurishije ubutunzi bwe bwose kugira ngo abe umuvugabutumwa.

Mu buzima bwe ntiyashakaga kumva ijambo purigatori no gutura amasengesho abera

bapfuye.
Abayoboke be bakwira mu Burayi hose, benshi muri bo bakomeza kugwa mu karengane
kugeza ku iherezo ry’ikinyejana cya XII.

IGICE CYA KANE(XVI-XXI)

AMATEKA Y’ITORERO MU BINYEJANA (XVI-XXI)

1. AMAVUGURURA NYAYO Y’ITORERO

2)IMIBEREHO YA MARTIN LUTHER MBERE YO KUVUGURURA ITORERO

Yavutse tariki 10/11/1483 i EISLEBEN, mu muryango wa gikene ku buryo yarezwe ku buryo buruhije.
Amaze imyaka 14, ababyeyi be bamwohereje I Magadebourg. Amaze imyaka15 ni bwo yari mu ishuli i
Eisenach aho yakuye ubumenyi bukomeye bw’ikilatini. Kubw’ubukene yari afite, yasabirizaga akoresheje
kuririmba, uwo aririmbiye akagira icyo amuha. Amaze imyaka 17, ku bwo kumenya gucuranga Nebelu
n’inanga umugore witwa Cotta aramufata amushyira iwe, uwo mwana Luther akamuririmbira, na we
akamufata neza. Mu mwaka wa 1501 ajya gukurikira Filozofiya muri kaminuza ya Elfurt. Aho ni ho
yaboneye impamyabushobizi ya Basheliye mu 1502. Mu mwaka wa 1505, yigisha igihe gito
ikoranabuhanga n’ibyerekeye umuco mu miryango (Ethics) uko yabisomye mu nyandiko ya Aristote
w’Umugiriki(384=322 mbere ya Yesu).

Mu kwezi kwa karindwi 1505 yinjira mu kuva y’abirinda ba Awugusti Mutagatifu. Asabirwa kuba Padiri mu
1507, amaze kwiga imyaka 2 ya Tewologiya kongera ku mashuli ye. Mu mwaka wa 1508, ahamagarwa
kuba umwigisha muri kaminuza ya Wittenberg, afata impamyabushobizi ya licence mu 1512. Mu mwaka
wa 1513 akora ubushakashatsi mu ndirimbo ya zaburi ayiga neza ayisesenguye. Mu mwaka wa 1515
atanga ubusobanuro buhanitse ku rwandiko rw’abaroma n’uw’abagalatiya, amaze kwiga ururimi
rw’ikigiriki n’urw’igiheburayo.
Mu mwaka wa 1517, le 31/10, ni bwo yagaragaje ingingo zibumbiyemo(zerekana) amafuti yakorwaga
n’ubuyobozi bwa Kiliziya Gatulika, uko ari 95 azimanika ku muryango w’urusengero avuga amarorerwa
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aturuka kuri indulgensiya.

Muri izo ngingo 95, twavugamo nka 12.

1→(1)Kwicuza bavuga muri (Mat4:17)Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo yashatse kuvuga ko,Ubugingo
bw’umuntu bwose bwicuza.
2→(3)Kwicuza na byo, ntibigira umumaro. Iyo nta mbuto zigaragara mu mirimo ikozwe n’umubiri.
3→(8)Amategeko agenga kwicuza agenewe abakiliho, nta ruhare afite ku bantu bamaze gupfa.
4→(10)Gutekereza ko nyuma y’urupfu hari amategeko ahana cg’ababarira, ni ukubura ubwenge
mu bayobozi ba kiliziya.
5→(28)Barabeshya abavuga ko iyo ifaranga rijegera ryumvikanisha ijwi mu gasanduku k’amaturo ko
ritunganya umuntu ahubwo aho kugira ngo ribohore imitima yo muri purigatori byongera ubusambo no
gukunda impiya na ho ibyo gukiranuka mu itorero, bizwi n’Imana.
6→(49)Tugomba kumenyesha abakristo ko amabaruwa ya Papa yo kubababrira ibyaha bigira umumaro
iyo batabisobanukiwe bigahinduka amakuba iyo bibakuyemo gutinya’Imana.
7→(53)Abanzi b’umusaraba n’abanzi b’itorero, n’abashobora guhitamo ikibwiriza gishingiye ku’nzandiko
zo kubabarira ibyaha kubirutisha ijambo ry’Imana.
8→(63)Ubutumwa bwiza bushingiye kuri Kristo n’imbarutso y’inzika mu itorero kuko bwigisha ko
uw’imbere azaba uw’inyuma.
9→(82)Niba Papa ashobora kubabarira imitima iri muri purigatori ku bw’imbabazi, kuki atabikorera rimwe
ngo babohorwe aho kugira ngo bibe urwitwazo rwo guhora basaba amafaranga ngo bubake urusengero
rwa Petero Mutagatifu?
10→(86)NIba Papa yifuza kubaka urusengero rwa Petero Mutagatifu kandi akagira ubutunzi buruta
ubw’abandi, kuki atakoresha aye ngo arwuzuze, cg ngo yubake nyinshi, aho gukoresha uruhare
rw’abakirisito b’Itorero kandi ari abakene?
11→(95)Iyo umuntu afashije abakene n’abandi batishoboye, aba akoze neza kuruta uwandika inzandiko
zo kubabarirarwa ibyaha (indulgensia).

XI. INDUNDURO.

Tumaze kubona uko itorero ryifashe hagati (XI-XV), tugenzuye neza, twasanze nta kintu cy’amajyambere
cyagaragaye mu buryo bw’Umwuka, uretse’intambara. Kuva mu mwaka wa 476, aho ubutegetsi
bw’abakayisari b’iRoma bwari bumaze gukendera.
Nyuma yaho Umwami w’abami Yusitiniya (Justinien) yeguriye papa ubushobozi buheruka ku bintu byose
(suprematie du pouvoir). Mu gatabo bita ’’intambara ikomeye’’urup.39, ni byo Martin Luther yeruye avuga
ati:<<Ni ikintu kibabaje cyane kubona umuntu yiyita intumwa iri mu cyimbo cya Kristo, yiha cyubahiro,
kitagira umutegetsi uwo ari we wese. None se uko ni ko gusa n’umukene Yesu, cg na Petero wicishaga
bugufi? Bavuga y’uko ari umutware w’isi? Nyamara Kristo ari Papa avuga ko ari we ntumwa ye, yarivugiye
ati: Ubwami bwanjye si ubw’iyi si? None se ubutware bw’intumwa buruta ubwa Shebuja?>>
Mu itorero habaye intambara:-Intambara zera (croissades);-Intambara hagati y’abadahuje
(guerres’de’religion). Kugeza ubwo abaharaniye ukuri ku’ijambo ry’Imana bamaze gusohoka mu mihango
ya Kiliziya Gaturika benshi muri bo barishwe. Twavuga nka Pierre de Bruys, Arnaud de
brescia,Savonorole(Umuvugabutumwa’w’umutaliyani.1452-1498) bose bishwe bazize ukuri ku’ijambo
ry’Imana. Amahano yo kwica urubozo yarangiye mu mwaka wa 1798 nyuma yo gushimutwa kwa Papa
PieVI, yigabijwe n’umwami Berthier Tariki ya 20/02/1798. Papa Pie VI bamunyujije I Tosane n’iSienne
bamutsinda I’Florence. Yohana intumwa yahanuye by’iryo torero. Abakristo bo mu myaka yo hagati
(moyen-age) batojwe gusenga ibigirwamana kandi ni bwo Kiliziya Gaturika yatangiye kwigisha ijambo
ry’Imana bigisha imihango y’idini, Itorero rigereranywa na Tuatira,muri ryo Yezebeli yiciye’abahanuzi
(1Abami18:4;Ibyah.2:20).

Imana ni yo yohereje Martin Luther(1517), kugira ngo akure Itorero mu kangaratete ryari rimazemo hafi
ibinyejana 10.(538-1521}. Ubudahangarwa bwa Papa bwamaze hafi ibinyejana 13(538-1798)nyuma ya
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Yesu.

C) Abatangije amavugurura:

 Marthin Luther(1483-1546) AD, ni we wagize uruhare kuzana impinduka mu Itorero, ari yo

ntandaro yo kuvuka kw’abaposotestanti.

 Philippe Melenchton: Umudage(1497-1560)AD, uyu yagize uruhare rukomeye rwo gutanga

umurongo ngenderwaho mu matorero y’abaporotestanti.

 Jean Calvin(Yohana Kavuye)(1509-1564)AD, uyu ni umufaransa, ni we washyizeho umurongo

nyobozi w’uburyo bw’abapuresibuteriye(Presptérien). Mu ntege nke yagize, ni uko yanditse ko
Imana yaremeye abantu bamwe ubugingo buhoraho, abandi ikabaremera
kurimbuka(Prédestination absolue).

 Zwingli Ulrich(1484-1531)AD, umusuwisi wagize uruhare rukomeye mu murimo wo kuvugurura

itorero. Avuga ko umubatizo udatsindishiriza umuntu ni yo mpamvu yemera kwibiza no gusuka
ku gahanga. Zwingli yashimangiye byimazeyo uruhare rw’Igaburo ryera mu buzima bwa Gikristo.

Muri icyo gihe hariho umuPapa witwaga Leon X, ni we wafashe umwanzuro wo kwirukana Luther Martin
mu Itorero Gatulika(1521)AD.

Ingingo 2 zikomeye abakoze amavugurura bakoze kandi zirwanya Gatolika ni:

 “Sola Scriptura”: Ubutware bushingiye kuri Bibiliya.

 “Sola Fide”: Agakiza kava mu kwizera gusa.

ITANDUKANIRO RY’INYIGISHO:

GATULIKA ABAPOROSO
 Gukizwa biturutse mu  Gukizwa mu kwizera Yesu gusa.
masakaramentu y’itorero

 Ubutware mu itorero buva ku  Ubutware ni Bibliya gusa

muyobozi mukuru w’Itorero

 Ubuzima bw’itorero ni gahunda  Itorero ni inzu y’Umwuka

yashyizweho n’ubuyobozi bw’itorero

 Umukristo abeshejweo n’imirimo  Umukristo abeshejweho no kwizera

biturutse mu mbaraga ze mu mbaraga z’Umwuka.

 Uwizera agera ku Mana binyuze ku  Uwizera yigerera ku Mana wenyine.

Musaserdoti
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Kugira ngo amatorero yose yaturutse ku m,avugurura yemerwe, ni uko habaye inama yo guhosha
intambara hagati y’itorero Gatulika n’abandi bantu bakoze amavugurura. Intambara yamaze imyaka
30(1618-1648)AD”la guerre de trente ans”. Abagatulika n’abaporoso baje kumvikana ko amatorero yose
akomoka mu nzira y’amavugurura yemerwa ku mugaragaro, agakora mu mudendezo nk’uko Gatulika
ikora. Iyo nama yabyemeje bayise “Paix de Westphalie”(1648) mu gihugu cy’Ubudage.

c. Ukwitandukanya kugaragara hagati y’Itorero Gatulika n”Abaporoso

Bamaze gusinya amasezerano y’amahoro y’i Westphalie ni bwo abaporoso babonye umudendezo wose
wo gukorera aho bashatse. Nyuma yo kwitandukanya kw’abaporoso n’abagatulika, ni bwo abaporoso
bubatse inzira z’imiyoborere mu nzira enye.
 Ubuyobozi bw’aba Presteriens

 Ubuyobozi bwita Episcopal

 Ubuyobozi bwa Congregationalisme

 Ubuyobozi bw’aba congregationalisme bitandukanya(separatistes).

1. Prespterienne: Itorero rigomba kuyoborwa n’intumwa z’abapastoro n’abalayikebivuye mu

nama y;abakuru b’Itorero(anciens de l’Eglise), bagatanga amabwiriza yose agizwe n’ingingo
ngenderwaho.

2. Episikopale: Ubuyobozi buva ku ba eveke bo hejuru bukamanuka bukagera ku bayoboke

b’Itorero bohasi.

3. Kongeregasiyo: Ubuyobozi buva mu bagize itorero bo hasi, igitekerezo kigatora nyobozi.

4. Separatisiti: Bitandukanya n’abandi baporoso ku bwo gushaka kwiyeza cyane kuruta abandi.

e. Ibihugu byagize uruhare rukomeye mu mavugurura ya Giporoso

 Ubudage- Martin Luther

 Ubwongereza nka –Yohana Wikilifu(John Wyclif)

 Ubusuwisi nka –Zuwingili(Zwingli)

 Ubufaransa nka-Kaluve(calvin)

 Ubuholandi nka-Arminius

Habayeho n’ibindi bihugu byaje kunganira ibyo twavuze haruguru nka Tchecoslavakie na Autriche.

f. Intamabara zo kurwanya amavugurura.

 Kwirukana Martin Luther bamufata nk’umwigisha w’ibinyoma(Hérétique), Janvier 1521

 Ububyutse bw’abajesuites mu itorero Gatulika bayobowe na Ignace de Loyola

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 Umutwe wavutse winjiza abagatulika mu gusoma Bibiliya mu buryo bwimbitse

 Urwanya inyigisho z’ubuyobe

 Ujyana ubutumwa mu mahanga.

Izo ngingo zose zari ukugira ngo abashaka gusohoka mu idini Gatulika barigirire icyizere bagumemo.
 Umwamikazi w’Ubwongereza witwa Marie Tudor yashatse kugwiza imbaraga za Papa n’ubutware
bwe mu Bwongereza, ashyigikiwe n’imbaraga z’inteko y’Ubwongereza(parlement), bituma yica
abaporoso benshi.

Mu magambo make ibintu bitatu byafashije idini Gatulika gucogoza abaporoso ni:
 Kwamagana Martin Luther nk’umunyabinyoma

 Umutwe w’ububyutse b’aba Jesuites bihaye Imana.

 Umwamikazi w’Ubwongereza wishe abaporoso benshi.

g.Umurimo w’abamisiyoneri(missionnaires).
Nyuma y’ububyutse bw’abetodisti bwayobowe na WesleyJohn hagati ya 1703-1791)AD mu gihugu
cy’Ubwongereza, habaye n’indi mirimo y’aba missionnaires batandukanye kandi bakomoka no mu bihugu
bitandukanye.
Twavuga nka:
 William Carey(1761-1834)AD, w’umwongereza ni we wavuze ko gutoranya ari umurimo w’Imana.
Ariko ivugabutumwa n’umurimo w’abantu. Uyu yazengurutse ibihugu asozereza mu Buhinde.

 Robert Morrison(1782-1834)AD, yagejeje ubutumwa mu bushinwa.(1807)

 Hudson Taylor(1832-1905)AD,Yavuze ubutumwa mu bihugu by’umugabane wa Aziya.

 David Livingstone: yabwirije ubutumwa muri Afurika yo hagati (1813-1873). Livingstone ni we

washyize imbaraga nyinshi mu kurwanya ubucuruzi bw’abirabura bakorerwa ubucakara
bw’abarabu.

 Robert Moffatt(1795-1883)AD, wo muri Yekose (missionnaire écossais), yakoreye muri Africa

y’amajyepfo, (Afrique du sud). Yakoze n’umurimo wo guhindura Bibliya mu ndimi nyinshi.

 Allexandres Mackay: Yagejeje ubutumwa muri Uganda(1849-1890)AD

 Christiana na François Willard(1875-1965)AD, yageze muri Zambeze(ni abafaransa)

 Albert Schwetzer(1875-196)AD, wumufaransa yagejeje ubutumwa mu Gihugu cya Gabon

 Adoniran Judson(1788-1850)AD, Umwongereza yagejeje ubutumwa muri Birmanie

 William John(1760-1816), muri Afurika y’amajyepfo.

Uretse abamisiyoneri bagejeje ubutmwa mu bihugu byinshi mu migabane itandukanye y’isi, hari
n’amatorero twita amasegite(sects).
Urugero:
 Abamorumo bita “abera b’iminsi y’imperuka “ batangijwe n’uwitwa Joseph Smith wavutse(1805-
1844)AD, atangiza uwo muryango mu wa (1830)AD.
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 Abantu babatirizwa abapfuye<< ni ko Joseph Smith avuga>>.

 Baha umuryango agaciro kurusha ivugabutumwa

 Kuri bo Yesu ntabwo ari Imana yuzuye.

 Abadiventiste b’umunsi wa karindwi:

Bemera:
 Kugaruka kwa Yesu

 Isabato nk’umunsi wo guterana no kuruhuka

 Ababi bazacirwaho iteka

h.Ububyutse bw’abapentecote:
Ububyutse bw’abapentecote bwaturutse muri America, Abapasitoro 2 babili bari mu masengesho bavuga
bati Mana uzane ububyutse muri twe, buri wese akavuga asaba ati”Mana wohezere ububyutse kandi
utangirire kuri njye”, amazina yabo bapastori ni Charles Fox Parham na William Joseph Seymour.
Umwuka Wera yabamanukiye tariki ya 31/12/1900-01/01/1901. Ububyutse burakomeza bufata ibihugu
bya Scandinavie: Suède, Norvège, Danemark na Finlande. Ibihugu biboneka mu majyaruguru
y’Umugabane w’Uburayi.
Umugambi wo kugarura ububyutse bw’abapentecote ni ukwibuka ibyabaye ku munsi wa Pentecote mu
kinjejana cya mbere.
 Kugarura ishusho y’itorero ryo ku munsi wa Pentecote: Kuvuga indimi, ubutware bwo gukiza
indwara, impano y’ubuhanuzi n’ijambo ry’ubwenge nk’uko biboneka mu 1Kor 12:8-11)

 Umuriro w’Umwuka Wera

 Umubatizo w’Umwuka Wera bitandukanye n’umuriro wo kwihana ibyaha.

 Amateraniro akarangwa no guhimbaza bihoraho.

N.B: Bamwe mu matorero ya Pentecote, bavuga ko nta gakiza kadaherekejwe nno kuvuga indimi
nk’impano y’Umwuka Wera.

i.Urugaga mpuzamatorero(Oecumenisme)
Ni ubumwe bw’amatorero ya gikristo bita COE(Conseil oecumenisique des Esglises) ku bufatanye
bw’amatorero.
Hari:
 John Mott w’umu méthodiste (1921)AD

 Charles Brent ukomoka muri Canada ni um (Anglican)

 Karl Barth w’umudage(Baptiste)

 Nathan Soderblom w’umu suweduwa mu itorero (Lutherienne)

Aba bafatanije n’itorero Gatulika, nib o bahinduye Bibiliya TOB(Traduction Oecuménique de la Bible).
Ubumwe bw’amatorero bwatangiye neza ariko uko iminsi ihita, baza gucogora binjira mu iyobokamana
ryigenga, (Théologie libérale )=binjira muri politique n’imimiryango yigenga, bibagirwa urufatiro rukomeye
rw’ivugabutumwa, ahubwo bashyira imbaraga mu iterambere ry’isi. Mu matorero arindwi yo muri Asiya,
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ubumwe bw’amatorero bushushanya gusohora itorero ry’I Lawodokiya(ibyah.3:14-22).

11. KUVUKA KU ITORERO MU RWANDA
1900AD: Abagatulika batangiye I Save n’I Zaza, Paruwasi igira icyicaro I Nyanza.
1903: Umubatizo wa mbere
1906: Gutangira kwa Kabwayi
1907: Abprespteriens(Puresibuteriyene)1920: Abadivantisti b’umunsi wa 7 bagera mu Rwanda,
batangirira mu Rwankeri 1921, Bwana H.Moumier(Bwana Munyeri)
1930: Aba Anglicane mu Rwanda I Gahini(|Est)
194: ADEPR Gihundwe I Cyangugu
1994: Abametodiste bigenga
1962: AEBR( Association des Eglises Baptistes mu |Rwanda)
1976: Abahamya ba Yehova I Kigali
Amatorero yose yinjiye mu Rwanda kuva mu 1994, yose ni amatorero y’ububyutse. Imiyoborere yayo ni
cngregasiyo(congregation), ubuyobozi butuka hasi butora inzego ziyobora itorero.. Twavuga nka Eglise
Vivante, Assemblée de Dieu, Maranatha, Siloam church….
Uretse Bon Belger, Zion Temple na Restauration church, ni imvange ya Episcopal na Congrégation.

INDUNDURO RUSANGE
Amateka y’itorero :
 Ni ukwigisha abayobozi b’amatorero ibyabaye mu bihe bitandukanye kandi byagiye Bizana
impinduka mu Itorero.

 Kumenyesha abapastori abantu b’ingenzi bagiye bakora amavugurura mu itorero.

 Kubamenyesha amahame mazima itorero ribasha kubakiraho kandi ahamywa n’ibyanditswe

byera

 Kwereka abapastori intege nke no kunesha byaranze itorero kuva ku munsi wa Pentekote kugeza
ubu.

 Mu mateka y’Itorero abapastori bunguka ubwenge bw’uko bakwifata mu gihe habonetse Ibiza
byatuma abantu bahagarika imitima.

 Abapastoro bize amateka y’itorero bashobora kuyungurura inyigisho nzima mu

nyigishoz’ibinyoma zatambutse(hérésies)kugira ngo babashe kugorora Itorero.

 Amateka y’iitorero yatuma abapastori bashobora guhuza imyemerere n’impinduka z’ubutegetsi

bw’isi buriho.
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ii
3 J.M NICOLE ,PRECIS DEL’HISTOIRE DE L’Eglise, Zeeil, p107,1972