Operating Software Group assignment -2

JINKA UNIVERSITY

BASKETO CENTER
Department - Computer Science
Corse Title - Operating Software
Corse Code - CoSc3023
Group - Three(3)
Academic Year - 2016 e.c
Group Assignment - Two
Group Member
Name ID No
1 .Habiteneh Endale ----------------------------------- 12776/13
2. Enbakom Bukashaw ------------------------------- 12750/13
3. Jonh Tiliku -------------------------------------12791/13
4. Israel Meto -------------------------------------- 12789/13
5. Libene Defaru-------------------------------------12800/13
6. Bekelech shibru --------------------------------------12748/13
7. Emush Terefe --------------------------------------12796/13
8. Filmon Lakew ------------------------------------- 12769/13
9. Gidaje Yisntare -------------------------------------12774/13
10. Eyasu Tamiru -----------------------------------12761/13
11 .Esayas Tariku-------------------------------------12753/13
12. Emnet Shibru ------------------------------------------12747/13
Instructor:- Senbetu. A
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 Operating Software Group assignment -2

Q1. What are the advantages of a multiprocessor system?

Multiprocessor
A Multiprocessor is a computer system with two or more central processing
units (CPUs) share full access to a common RAM. The main objective of using
a multiprocessor is to boost the system’s execution speed, with other objectives
being fault tolerance and application matching.

Benefits of using a Multiprocessor

 Enhanced performance

 Multiple applications.

 Multi-tasking inside an application.

 High throughput and responsiveness.

 Hardware sharing among CPUs.

Advantages:

 Improved performance:

Multiprocessor systems can execute tasks faster than single-processor systems,

as the workload can be distributed across multiple processors.

 Better scalability:

Multiprocessor systems can be scaled more easily than single-processor systems,

as additional processors can be added to the system to handle increased
workloads.

 Increased reliability:

Multiprocessor systems can continue to operate even if one processor fails, as

the remaining processors can continue to execute tasks.

 Reduced cost:

Multiprocessor systems can be more cost-effective than building multiple single-

processor systems to handle the same workload.
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 Enhanced parallelism:

Multiprocessor systems allow for greater parallelism, as different processors can

execute different tasks simultaneously.

Q. 2. What is SMP?

What is SMP (symmetric multiprocessing)?

SMP (symmetric multiprocessing) is computer processing done by multiple

processors that share a common operating system (OS) and memory.

In symmetric multiprocessing, the processors share the same input/output (I/O)

bus or data path. A single copy of the OS is in charge of all the processors.

SMP systems are better suited for online transaction processing than massively
parallel processing (MPP) systems in which many users access the same
database in a relatively simple set of transactions. Unlike MPP systems, SMP
systems can dynamically balance the workload among computers to serve more
users faster.

The SMP computer architecture is a multiprocessor hardware and software

architecture that has multiple identical processors. The processors equally share
main memory and have access to all I/O devices. Today, most modern OS
support SMP machines. In the past, users had to learn special programming
skills to use SMP.

Q.3 what is RR scheduling algorithm?

Round Robin Scheduling

Round Robin (RR) scheduling algorithm is mainly designed for time-sharing

systems. This algorithm is similar to FCFS scheduling, but in Round Robin (RR)
scheduling, preemption is added which enables the system to switch between
processes.

A fixed time is allotted to each process, called a quantum, for execution.

Once a process is executed for the given time period that process is preempted
and another process executes for the given time period.

Context switching is used to save states of preempted processes.

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This algorithm is simple and easy to implement and the most important is thing
is this algorithm is starvation-free as all processes get a fair share of CPU.

It is important to note here that the length of time quantum is generally from 10
to 100 milliseconds in length.

Some important characteristics of the Round Robin(RR) Algorithm are as follows:

1. Round Robin Scheduling algorithm resides under the category of Preemptive

Algorithms.

2. This algorithm is one of the oldest, easiest, and fairest algorithms

3. This Algorithm is a real-time algorithm because it responds to the event

within a specific time limit.

4. In this algorithm, the time slice should be the minimum that is assigned to a
specific task that needs to be processed.

5. This is a hybrid model and is clock-driven in nature.

Q.4 How does dynamic loading aid in better memory space utilization?

Dynamic loading aids in better memory space utilization by allowing a program

to load modules or libraries into memory only when they are required during
execution. This means that the program can start with a smaller memory
footprint and load additional modules as needed, rather than loading everything
into memory at once. As a result, dynamic loading helps reduce the amount of
memory required by a program, leading to more efficient memory space
utilization.

Q.5 what is a socket?

Sockets are vital endpoints for communication in computer networking. They

facilitate data exchange between devices and abstract the complexities of
network communication, allowing applications on different computers to
communicate.

Sockets are an essential component of network programming, enabling the

development of various networked applications.

Sockets are created, configured, and managed using various functions in

programming languages like Python, Java, and C. They are integral to web
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 Operating Software Group assignment -2

browsing, email, online gaming, and other networked services.

Q.6 what are device drivers?

A device drivers are software modules that can be plugged in to an os to

handle a particular device.

A driver provides a software interface to hardware devices, enabling operating

systems and other computer programs to access hardware functions without
needing to know precise details about the hardware being used.

A driver communicates with the device through the computer bus or

communications subsystem to which the hardware connects. When a calling
program invokes a routine in the driver, the driver issues commands to the
device (drives it). Once the device sends data back to the driver, the driver may
invoke routines in the original calling program.

Drivers are hardware dependent and operating-system-specific. They usually

provide the interrupt handling required for any necessary asynchronous time-
dependent hardware interface.

Q.7 What is caching?

Caching is the ability to store data, so that future requests for that data can be
quickly served.

a cache is a high-speed data storage layer which stores a subset of data,

typically transient in nature, so that future requests for that data are served up
faster than is possible by accessing the data’s primary storage location. Caching
allows you to efficiently reuse previously retrieved or computed data.

Caching is the process of storing copies of files or data in a cache, which is a

temporary storage area, so that future requests for that data can be served
faster. When a user or system requests data that has been cached previously,
the system can retrieve the data from the cache instead of having to re-fetch or
recomputed the original data, which can save time and resources. Caching is
commonly used in computing to improve performance and reduce latency.

Q.8 why partitioning and formatting is a prerequisite to installing an operating

system?
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 Operating Software Group assignment -2

Partitioning and formatting are necessary steps before installing an operating

system as they allow the operating system to organize data and prepare the
storage device for data storage and retrieval.

The partitioning and formatting of a storage device are essential prerequisites to

installing an operating system.

Partitioning involves dividing the storage device into separate sections, known as
partitions, which allow the operating system to organize and manage data
efficiently.

Formatting, on the other hand, involves preparing the partitioned sections by

creating a file system that the operating system can understand and use to
store and retrieve data.

Partitioning and formatting are prerequisites to installing an operating system for

several reasons:

1. Organizing Data: Partitioning allows the hard drive to be divided into separate
sections, which helps in organizing data and programs. It also allows for multiple
operating systems to be installed on the same drive.

2. File System: Formatting creates a file system on the partition, which is

necessary for the operating system to understand how to store and retrieve data
on the hard drive.

3. Operating System Requirements: Different operating systems have different

file system requirements. For example, Windows typically uses NTFS, while
macOS uses APFS or HFS+. Formatting ensures that the correct file system is
in place for the specific operating system being installed.

4. Data Clearing: Formatting also clears any existing data on the partition,
ensuring a clean slate for the new operating system installation.

Overall, partitioning and formatting are essential steps to prepare the hard drive
for the installation of an operating system, ensuring that it functions properly and
can store and retrieve data effectively

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Q.9 Explain why Ubuntu is safe and not affected by viruses?

Linux-based Operating System: Ubuntu is built on the Linux operating system,

which has a strong security foundation. Linux has a built-in security mechanism
that makes it less susceptible to viruses and malware compared to other
operating systems like Windows.

It used vulnerabilities which have long been patched. It cannot harm you. VIT is
another ELF virus, this time from 2000. Since Ubuntu didn't exist seven years
ago, you won't be running a system that old and won't be infected.

Ubuntu is generally considered to be more secure than some other operating

systems like Windows due to its Unix-based architecture, open-source nature,
and smaller user base; it is not immune to viruses or malware. Ubuntu can still
be affected by security vulnerabilities, especially if users do not keep their
system updated with the latest security patches or if they install software from
untrusted sources.

To help protect Ubuntu from viruses and malware, users should follow best
security practices such as keeping the system up to date, using strong
passwords, being cautious of the software they install, and using security tools
like firewalls and antivirus software when necessary. It's important to remember
that no operating system is completely immune to security threats, so users
should always remain vigilant and take steps to secure their systems regardless
of the platform they are using.