Section A: Legislation WHS

Answer the following questions.

1. Explain the five key principles of the Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004

 all people are given the highest level of health and safety protection that is
reasonably practicable;
Explanation: This statement means that everyone should be provided with the best
possible level of protection for their health and safety, within reasonable and practical
limits. This includes taking measures to prevent accidents and illness, as well as
addressing any potential hazards that may pose a risk to people's health and safety.

The term "reasonably practicable" means that while it's important to ensure the highest
level of protection, it's also important to consider the feasibility and practicality of the
measures taken to achieve this. In other words, measures that are too costly, time-
consuming, or difficult to implement may not be considered "reasonably practicable."

Overall, this statement emphasizes the importance of prioritizing people's health and
safety, while also being realistic and practical in the measures taken to achieve this goal.

 those who manage or control activities that give rise, or may give rise, to risks to
health or safety are responsible for eliminating or reducing health and safety risks,
so far as is reasonably practicable;
Explanation: This means that the people in charge of activities that can cause harm or
pose a risk to people's health and safety must take responsibility for minimizing those
risks as much as possible. They should eliminate the risks if possible, but if not, they
must reduce them to a level that is reasonably practical or achievable. This includes
taking necessary precautions, providing protective equipment, and ensuring that
employees are adequately trained and aware of potential hazards. Ultimately, the goal is
to create a safe working environment for all employees and prevent any harm or injury
from occurring.

 employers and self-employed people should be proactive and take reasonably

practicable measures to ensure health and safety in their business activities;
Explanation: This statement means that both employers and self-employed individuals
have a responsibility to take active steps and make reasonable efforts to ensure the
safety and well-being of themselves and others while conducting business activities. This
could involve implementing safety measures, providing appropriate training and
protective equipment, and maintaining a clean and secure work environment. By doing
so, they can prevent or minimize potential hazards or risks that could harm themselves,
their employees, customers, or the public.

 employers and employees should exchange information about risks to health or

safety and measures that can be taken to eliminate or reduce those risks; and
Explanation: This statement emphasizes the importance of communication and
collaboration between employers and employees to ensure the health and safety of
everyone in the workplace. It suggests that both parties should share any knowledge or
concerns they have about potential risks to health or safety and work together to identify
and implement measures to minimize or eliminate those risks. By exchanging
information, employers and employees can create a safer and healthier work
environment for everyone involved.

 employees are entitled, and should be encouraged, to be represented on health

and safety issues.
 Explanation: This means that employees have a right to have their voice heard and to
have someone speak on their behalf when it comes to matters related to health and
safety in the workplace. It is important for employers to encourage this representation so
that employees can feel supported and empowered to speak up about any concerns they
may have. By having a representative, employees can help to ensure that their workplace
is safe and healthy, which benefits everyone involved.

2. List important responsibilities of employees in relation to the WHS Act 2004 & Work Health
and Safety Regulations
 take reasonable care for their own health and safety
 take reasonable care for the health and safety of others who may affected by their acts or
omissions
 cooperate with anything the employer does to comply with WHS requirements
 not 'intentionally or recklessly interfere with or misuse' anything provided at the workplace for
WHS
3. List four key factors that employers must provide to meet their duty of care.
 provide a safe work environment
 ensure safe use, handling and storage of machinery, structures and substances
 make sure your facilities are well-maintained and at an acceptable standard
 give your workers any information, training, instruction or supervision needed for safety
 keep an eye on the health of workers and conditions at your place of work
 keep an injury register
 have a workers' compensation policy and a return to work plan.
4. Write a job description for a WHS representative / Safety officer (Ref: ANZSCO)

Job Title: WHS Representative/Safety Officer

Job Overview:

We are seeking a highly motivated and experienced WHS representative/Safety Officer to join our
team. The primary role of the WHS representative/Safety Officer is to ensure that the organization
is in compliance with all relevant workplace health and safety laws, regulations, and policies. This
position requires a strong focus on risk management and developing and implementing policies,
procedures, and training programs that promote a safe and healthy work environment.

Key Responsibilities:

 Develop, implement, and maintain effective WHS policies, procedures, and guidelines in
accordance with applicable laws, regulations, and organizational requirements.
 Identify and assess WHS risks in the workplace and develop strategies to eliminate or
mitigate them.
 Conduct regular audits and inspections of the workplace to identify hazards and non-
compliance issues and take corrective actions as required.
 Ensure that all employees receive adequate and appropriate training and resources to
carry out their work safely and in accordance with WHS policies and procedures.
 Investigate incidents and accidents in the workplace and provide reports and
recommendations to prevent future occurrences.
 Liaise with management, employees, and external organizations (e.g., regulators,
auditors) on WHS matters to ensure that the organization is meeting its obligations and
achieving best practices.
 Maintain accurate and up-to-date records of all WHS-related incidents, investigations,
training, and audits.
 Regularly review and update WHS policies, procedures, and guidelines to reflect
changes in legislation, best practices, and organizational requirements.
 Requirements:

 A degree or diploma in occupational health and safety, or a related field.

 Proven experience in a WHS/Safety Officer role, preferably in a similar industry or
organization.
 Excellent knowledge of WHS laws, regulations, and best practices.
 Strong analytical and problem-solving skills, with the ability to identify and manage WHS
risks effectively.
 Excellent communication and interpersonal skills, with the ability to communicate
complex WHS issues to a variety of stakeholders.
 Ability to work independently and collaboratively as part of a team.
 Strong attention to detail and excellent record-keeping skills.
 Proficient in the use of computer software programs (e.g., MS Office, WHS software).

This is a full-time position that may require some out-of-hours work, such as attending safety
committee meetings or responding to incidents. The successful candidate will be rewarded with a
competitive salary package, ongoing training, and development opportunities. If you are an
experienced WHS representative/Safety Officer looking for an exciting new challenge, we
encourage you to apply.

5. What are the main objectives of WHS Act 2004?

The Act aims to:

 secure the health, safety and welfare of employees and other people at work;
 protect the public from the health and safety risks of business activities;
 eliminate workplace risks at the source; and
 involve employers, employees and the organisations that represent them in the
formulation and implementation of health, safety and welfare standards.

Throughout the Act, the meaning of health includes psychological health as well as physical
health.

6. Explain the duties of;

a. Designers of buildings and structures

This means that designers of buildings or structures now have a legal responsibility to ensure
that any workplaces that they design are safe and do not pose a risk to the health of the
people who will be using them. This is an addition to the 1985 Act, where there was no
specific duty on designers to ensure workplace safety. The designers must take reasonable
measures to design the building or structure to be safe and healthy for the workers who will
be using it, to the extent that it is practical. This duty applies to designers who are aware, or
should be aware, that the building or structure will be used as a workplace.

b. Suppliers of plant and substances

This statement refers to a legal requirement for manufacturers of plant or substances that are
intended for use in a workplace. The law stipulates that these manufacturers have a
responsibility to ensure that their products are safe and do not pose a risk to the health of
those who use them.
 7. Outline the human resources and financial documentation required for the implementation
of the WHS

Financial and human resources:

No health and safety systems will operate without the resources to meet the goals. For example , training can be time
consuming and expensive. If your organisation does not have the funds available to ensure that training takes place.
Then inuries wil occur. In this case another viable alternative should be considered. Mentors and coaches with the
required skills, knowledge and experience working already within the organisation will ensure that the expected
outcomes are reached and maintained. when determining the resource needs of the organisation, it is important to
ensure that you not only operate within the budget, you should also ensure that vou understand the resources
available to you. .

Human resources can include the costs of:

 Contracting personnel as opposed to hiring a full time employee to maintain WHS

 Investigating incidents
 Non-compliance and the resultant impact they would have on the organisation
 Required risk and WHS personnel

Financial resources con include:

 Allocated budget, whether one budget for all or a separate budget for each department
 Cleaning
 Updating facilities and equipment
 Providing materials to minimise risk
 Training

8. Write a WHS policy and procedures for a horticultural /agricultural organisation.

WHS Policy:

The horticultural/agricultural organization is committed to providing a safe and healthy work environment
for all employees, contractors, and visitors. We aim to meet and exceed all legislative requirements
relating to workplace health and safety (WHS) and to continually improve our WHS management system.
The organization is committed to providing adequate resources and training to ensure that all workers
understand their WHS obligations and can perform their work safely. The organization recognizes that the
health and safety of our workers are of paramount importance and that all incidents, injuries, and near-
misses are to be reported, investigated, and addressed promptly.

Procedures:

1. Risk Management: The organization will conduct regular risk assessments to

identify hazards and implement controls to mitigate risks. This will involve
identifying potential hazards, assessing the level of risk associated with each
hazard, and implementing control measures to eliminate or reduce the risks to an
acceptable level.
2. Work Environment: The organization will ensure that the work environment is
safe and healthy for all workers. This includes ensuring that equipment,
machinery, and tools are well-maintained, that the workplace is well-lit and
ventilated, and that workers have access to adequate personal protective
equipment (PPE) where required.
3. Training and Supervision: The organization will provide all workers with the
necessary training and supervision to perform their work safely. This includes
providing induction training for new workers, regular refresher training, and
training on new equipment and procedures. The organization will ensure that
 workers are adequately supervised and that supervisors are trained in WHS
management.
4. Incident Management: The organization will have procedures in place to
manage all incidents, injuries, and near-misses. This includes reporting incidents
promptly, investigating incidents to determine their causes and implementing
corrective actions to prevent recurrence. The organization will maintain accurate
incident records and review incidents regularly to identify opportunities for
improvement.
5. Emergency Management: The organization will have emergency procedures in
place to manage emergencies such as fire, chemical spills, and other hazards.
This includes ensuring that workers are trained in emergency procedures and
that emergency equipment, such as fire extinguishers, is readily available and
regularly maintained.
6. Consultation and Communication: The organization will consult and
communicate with workers on all matters relating to WHS. This includes
consulting workers on the identification and management of hazards, providing
workers with information on their WHS obligations, and involving workers in the
development and review of WHS policies and procedures.
7. Continuous Improvement: The organization is committed to continuous
improvement of its WHS management system. This includes regularly reviewing
and updating policies and procedures, seeking feedback from workers and
stakeholders, and implementing improvements based on the outcomes of
incident investigations and risk assessments.

By implementing these policies and procedures, the horticultural/agricultural organization aims to create a
safe and healthy work environment for all workers, contractors, and visitors.
Scenario A: Application of occupational Health and Safety Law

It was 4pm and the supervisor had left earlier than usual that day for a dental appointment.

A pallet load of 20 litre drums of liquid fertilizer from an earlier delivery remained in the loading area and
the forklift driver decided to put it away. The forklift driver held a certificate of competency to operate the
forklift. He had worked as a forklift driver ever since he obtained his certificate of competency fifteen years
ago.

When the driver attempted to raise the load, the rear wheels lifted off the ground slightly. This had
happened with similar deliveries in the past and someone would help unload a number of drums onto a
separate pallet to lighten the load.

On this occasion, the driver asked another employee and a visitor to the nursery to sit on the rear of the
forklift. The extra weight of two people provided counterbalance for the forklift. This in turn allowed the
driver to lift the pallet.

When the forklift moved off, the employee sitting at the rear fell off and was run over by the rear wheel of
the forklift breaking his leg.

Discuss all the issues raised in the scenario with the person next to you and attempt to identify
who may have committed offences under the WHS Act.

After reviewing the scenario, it is clear that there are several issues related to workplace health and safety
(WHS). These include:

1. Lack of proper procedures: The scenario suggests that there were no proper
procedures in place for unloading pallets of fertilizer. This led to the forklift driver
seeking the help of others, which ultimately resulted in the injury.
2. Lack of supervision: The supervisor left earlier than usual, leaving the forklift
driver unsupervised. Without proper supervision, the driver made a decision that
resulted in an injury.
3. Improper use of equipment: The forklift driver attempted to lift a load that was
too heavy for the forklift. This led to him seeking the help of others and ultimately
resulted in an injury.
4. Lack of training: While the forklift driver held a certificate of competency to
operate the forklift, it is unclear if he had received proper training on how to
handle such situations.
5. Failure to report incidents: It is not clear from the scenario whether the incident
was reported promptly, as required by WHS laws.

Based on the scenario, the forklift driver and the organization may have committed offences under the
WHS Act. The forklift driver may have breached his duty of care by attempting to lift a load that was too
heavy for the forklift and seeking the help of others in an unsafe manner. The organization may have
breached its duty of care by failing to provide proper procedures for unloading pallets of fertilizer,
inadequate supervision, lack of training, and failure to report incidents.
Section B: Application in a workplace

Given a large horticultural production facility / Planting site (10 permanent workers with up to 50 casual
workers). Tasks undertaken on site are:

Machinery operations, chemical use, harvest, irrigation and fertilizer application.

1. For each of the operations listed above identify possible hazards associated with each task.

Machinery Operations:
 Contact with moving parts of machinery
 Being struck by machinery or objects ejected from machinery
 Falls from machinery or equipment
 Electrocution or other electrical hazards
 Carbon monoxide or other exhaust fumes
 Hearing damage from loud machinery
 Repetitive strain injuries from operating machinery for long periods

Chemical Use:
 Inhalation of toxic fumes or vapors
 Contact with skin or eyes resulting in chemical burns or irritation
 Ingestion of toxic chemicals
 Fire or explosion caused by improper storage or use of chemicals
 Poisoning from incorrect mixing or application of chemicals
 Long-term health effects from exposure to chemicals

Harvest:
 Slips, trips, and falls on uneven ground
 Being struck by falling branches or other objects
 Heat stroke or dehydration from working in hot weather
 Electrical hazards from overhead power lines
 Exposure to pesticides or other chemicals used in the harvesting process

Irrigation:
 Drowning or near-drowning from accidental immersion in water
 Electrocution from contact with electrical equipment near water
 Slip and fall hazards on wet surfaces
 Heat-related illness from working in hot weather
 Musculoskeletal injuries from lifting or moving irrigation equipment

Fertilizer Application:
 Inhalation of toxic fumes or vapors
 Contact with skin or eyes resulting in chemical burns or irritation
 Ingestion of toxic chemicals
 Fire or explosion caused by improper storage or use of chemicals
 Poisoning from incorrect mixing or application of chemicals
 Reproductive health hazards from exposure to certain chemicals in fertilizers.

2. Outline why you consider that they are hazards. (i.e., have the potential to cause harm)

1. Machinery operations: Operating machinery such as tractors, harvesters, and other agricultural
equipment can pose hazards to workers. These hazards include entanglement with moving parts,
crushing injuries, and overturning of vehicles.
 2. Chemical use: Agricultural workers are often exposed to chemicals such as pesticides,
herbicides, and fertilizers. These chemicals can cause harm if they come into contact with the
skin, eyes, or are ingested. Long-term exposure to chemicals can also lead to chronic health
problems.
3. Harvest: Harvesting crops involves working with sharp tools such as knives and machetes. This
can lead to cuts and puncture wounds. Additionally, workers may have to climb ladders or work at
heights to harvest crops, which can increase the risk of falls.
4. Irrigation: Irrigation systems can pose hazards to workers. These hazards include electrical
shock, drowning, and entanglement in moving parts.
5. Fertilizer application: Applying fertilizers involves working with chemicals that can pose hazards
to workers. These hazards include skin and eye irritation, respiratory problems, and burns.

All of these hazards have the potential to cause harm to workers if not managed properly. It is important
for agricultural organizations to have proper procedures in place to manage these hazards and to provide
workers with appropriate training and personal protective equipment (PPE). Failure to do so can result in
injuries, illnesses, and long-term health problems for workers.

3. Identify one of the hazards (from question 1) as the hazard with the most significant risk.

The hazard with the most significant risk is machinery operations associated with crush injuries from
being caught in or between machinery. These types of injuries can be severe, resulting in amputations,
fractures, or even death. Workers can become caught in machinery when trying to clear blockages, reach
into machines to adjust or repair them, or accidentally coming into contact with moving parts. To mitigate
this hazard, proper machine guarding, lockout/tagout procedures, and worker training are necessary.

4. Outline monitoring procedures for identified hazards.

Monitoring Procedures for Identified Hazards:

a) Machinery Operations: Regular inspection of machinery and equipment should be conducted to

ensure proper functioning and safety. Any defects or issues should be immediately reported and
addressed. Additionally, workers should receive regular training on proper machine operation and safety
protocols.

b) Chemical Use: All chemicals should be properly labeled, stored, and handled in accordance with
safety protocols. Workers should receive training on how to safely use and handle chemicals, including
proper protective equipment. Chemical storage areas should be regularly inspected to ensure that they
meet safety requirements.

c) Harvest: Workers should be provided with ergonomic tools and equipment to minimize the risk of
musculoskeletal injuries. Additionally, workers should receive training on proper lifting techniques and
other safety protocols. Regular breaks should be provided to reduce the risk of fatigue and ensure
workers are not overworked.

d) Irrigation: Irrigation systems should be regularly inspected to ensure proper functioning and safety.
Electrical components should be inspected and tested regularly to prevent the risk of electrocution.
Workers should also be trained on proper irrigation techniques to minimize the risk of over-watering and
soil erosion.

e) Fertilizer Application: Workers should receive training on how to safely handle and apply fertilizers,
including proper protective equipment. Fertilizer application areas should be regularly inspected to ensure
that they meet safety requirements. Additionally, any spills or leaks should be immediately reported and
addressed.

5. Develop procedures for identifying potential hazards when planning new operations in the
workplace.
Procedures for Identifying Potential Hazards When Planning New Operations:

a) Conduct a risk assessment: Before implementing any new operations, a risk assessment should be
conducted to identify potential hazards. This assessment should consider the type of operation, the
equipment and tools required, the environment, and the skills and experience of workers.

b) Consult with workers: Workers should be consulted when planning new operations, as they may
have valuable insights and experience that can help identify potential hazards.

c) Review safety regulations: It is important to review all relevant safety regulations and guidelines to
ensure that the new operation is compliant and safe.

d) Develop a safety plan: A safety plan should be developed that outlines all necessary safety
procedures and protocols. This plan should be communicated to all workers involved in the new
operation.

e) Implement regular safety audits: Regular safety audits should be conducted to ensure that the new
operation continues to be safe and compliant with regulations. Any issues or hazards should be
immediately addressed.
Section C: Risk Assessment

You have been appointed as manager of the chemical stores and application
As part of your responsibility you are to audit the chemical storage and use. You are to address the
following:

1. Conduct a risk assessment on the potential hazards with chemical application and storage
using the provided Risk level matrix & Nomograph templates.

Chemical Application Storage

Control Measures
Elimination: Switch to safer chemical N/A

Substitution: Use less chemical N/A

Isolation: Conducting a schedule of spraying Proper ventilation and storage of

of chemicals chemical

Engineering: Using spraying machines Use ventilation system to reduce

exposure

Administration: Train workers on safe handling N/A

procedures

PPE: overalls, aprons, footwear, gloves, overalls, aprons, footwear, gloves,

chemical resistant glasses, face chemical resistant glasses, face
shields and respirators shields and respirators
Chemical Application Storage
Hazard Chemical (Boom Spray) Chemical
Risk Chemical Poisoning Chemical Poisoning
Risk Assessment
Consequence: Major Major
Likelihood: Likely Possible
Risk Rate: High High
Control Measures
Elimination: Switch to safer chemical N/A

Substitution: Use less chemical N/A

Isolation: Conducting a schedule of spraying Proper ventilation and storage of

of chemicals chemical

Engineering: Using spraying machines Use ventilation system to reduce

exposure

Administration: Train workers on safe handling N/A

procedures

PPE: overalls, aprons, footwear, gloves, overalls, aprons, footwear, gloves,

Monitoring Program
chemical resistant glasses, face
shields and respirators
Always check the vicinity and the
weather before conducting the
chemical application
chemical resistant glasses, face
shields and respirators
Inventory in chemical storage and
accessible to authorized personnel
only
2. Outline a risk monitoring program.

Monitoring Program Application

Identify the hazards: Identify the specific chemicals used or stored, as well as the hazards
associated with their use or storage. This can include physical, health, and
environmental hazards.

Determine the exposure risks: Assess the likelihood and severity of the hazards occurring during the
application and storage of the chemicals. This includes identifying the
specific tasks or processes where exposure to chemicals is most likely to
occur.

Train workers: Provide training to workers on the safe handling of chemicals, including
storage, use, and disposal. Workers should also be trained on the
appropriate use of personal protective equipment and emergency response
procedures.

Document and evaluate: Keep records of the risk monitoring and management activities, including
inspections, sampling results, and any incidents or accidents. Evaluate the
effectiveness of the program on a regular basis to identify areas for
improvement.

3. For a risk identified (Q1), outline the control measures you would implement for that risk.

Chemical Application Storage

Control Measures
Elimination: Switch to safer chemical N/A

Substitution: Use less chemical N/A

Isolation: Conducting a schedule of spraying Proper ventilation and storage of

of chemicals chemical

Engineering: Using spraying machines Use ventilation system to reduce

exposure

Administration: Train workers on safe handling N/A

procedures

PPE: overalls, aprons, footwear, gloves, overalls, aprons, footwear, gloves,

chemical resistant glasses, face chemical resistant glasses, face
shields and respirators shields and respirators

4. Outline the monitoring program that you would implement to ensure that risk control
procedures are adopted fully.

Monitoring Program Application

Identify the hazards:
Determine the exposure risks:
Train workers:
Identify the specific chemicals used or stored, as well as the hazards
associated with their use or storage. This can include physical, health, and
environmental hazards.
Assess the likelihood and severity of the hazards occurring during the
application and storage of the chemicals. This includes identifying the
specific tasks or processes where exposure to chemicals is most likely to
occur.
Provide training to workers on the safe handling of chemicals, including
storage, use, and disposal. Workers should also be trained on the
appropriate use of personal protective equipment and emergency response

Document and evaluate:
5.Outline the administrative processes that you would implement to reduce risks.
Administrative Process
Risk Assessment:
Risk Management Plan:
Policy and Procedure Review:
Training and Awareness:
Incident Response Plan:
Continuous Monitoring:
6. Outline how you would manage the WHS risks when introducing a new boom spray.
Steps in Managing WHS risks
Identify hazards:
Assess risks:
Implement control measures:
Provide training and instruction:
procedures.
Keep records of the risk monitoring and management activities, including
inspections, sampling results, and any incidents or accidents. Evaluate the
effectiveness of the program on a regular basis to identify areas for
improvement.
Application
Conducting a thorough risk assessment is the first step to identifying
potential risks. This involves identifying potential threats to the organization,
evaluating the likelihood of these threats occurring, and assessing the
potential impact they could have. This information can be used to prioritize
risk mitigation efforts.
Once potential risks have been identified, a risk management plan can be
developed to help mitigate the impact of these risks. The plan should
outline the specific steps that will be taken to minimize the likelihood of a
risk occurring and the potential impact if it does occur.
Reviewing and updating organizational policies and procedures can help
reduce risks. Policies should be regularly reviewed to ensure they are up to
date and aligned with organizational goals and objectives. Procedures
should be reviewed to ensure they are effective in mitigating risks.
Ensuring that employees are properly trained and aware of potential risks is
critical in reducing risks. Employees should be trained on how to identify
potential risks and how to respond to them. This includes training on data
security, emergency response procedures, and other relevant topics.
An incident response plan should be developed to help respond to any risks
that do occur. This plan should outline the steps that will be taken in the
event of an incident, including who will be responsible for responding and
how communication will be handled.
Risks can evolve over time, so it is important to continuously monitor
potential risks and evaluate the effectiveness of risk management
strategies. This includes regularly reviewing risk assessments, incident
response plans, and policies and procedures.
Application
Conduct a risk assessment to identify potential hazards
associated with the new boom spray. This can include
identifying hazards associated with the equipment itself,
such as mechanical failure, as well as hazards
associated with the materials being sprayed, such as
chemical exposure.
Evaluate the risks associated with each identified hazard.
Determine the likelihood and potential consequences of
each hazard, and prioritize risks according to their
severity.
: Develop and implement control measures to eliminate
or reduce the identified risks. Control measures can
include engineering controls, such as modifying the
equipment or work environment, administrative controls,
such as developing work procedures and training
workers, and personal protective equipment (PPE).
Ensure all workers who will be using the new boom spray
receive appropriate training and instruction on how to
use the equipment safely. This should include training on
the safe use and maintenance of the boom spray, how to
properly use PPE, and emergency response procedures.
 Continuously monitor the use of the new boom spray and
Monitor and review: review the effectiveness of control measures. Make any
necessary adjustments to control measures and provide
additional training and instruction as needed.

Involve workers and other stakeholders in the risk

Consult with workers and other stakeholders: assessment process and ensure their input is considered
when developing control measures. This can help
identify potential hazards and improve the effectiveness
of control measures.

7. Enlist key points of Job safety analysis.

Job safety analysis is a process of identifying potential hazards and assessing the risks associated with
job tasks in order to prevent workplace accidents and injuries. The key points of Job Safety Analysis
include:

1. Job Identification: Identify the job or task that needs to be analyzed and identify the people
involved.
2. Breakdown the job into steps: Break down the job into smaller tasks or steps that can be
analyzed for safety risks.
3. Identify potential hazards: Identify all potential hazards associated with each task or step in the
job.
4. Assess the risk level: Determine the likelihood and severity of the identified hazards and assess
the overall risk level associated with the job.
5. Develop controls: Develop controls to eliminate or reduce the risks associated with the job.
These controls can include changes in procedures, training, personal protective equipment, or
engineering controls.
6. Implement the controls: Put the controls into practice and ensure that they are being followed
correctly.
7. Review and revise: Regularly review the JSA to ensure that it remains effective and relevant.
Revise the JSA if necessary to account for changes in the job or new hazards that arise.
8. Communication: Communicate the results of the JSA to all employees involved in the job, as
well as to management and other stakeholders.
9. Training: Ensure that all employees involved in the job are properly trained on the JSA and the
controls that have been put in place.

By following these key points, organizations can create a safer work environment and reduce the risk of
workplace accidents and injuries.

8. Outline the process for implementing an interim control measure prior to a permanent control.

Process Application
Identify the hazard: Identify the specific hazard that needs to be addressed
and determine the severity of the hazard.
Identify potential control measures: Determine the potential control measures that can be
implemented to address the hazard. This can include
changes to procedures, engineering controls, or personal
protective equipment.

Select interim control measure: Select the most appropriate interim control measure
based on the feasibility, effectiveness, and cost of
implementation.

Develop an implementation plan: Develop a detailed plan for implementing the interim
control measure, including timelines, responsibilities, and
resources required.
Communicate with employees: Communicate the plan and the reasons for implementing
the interim control measure to employees who will be
affected by the change.

Implement the interim control measure: Put the interim control measure into practice and ensure
that it is being followed correctly.

Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness: Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the interim
control measure to ensure that it is addressing the
hazard effectively.

Develop a permanent control measure: Develop a permanent control measure that addresses
the hazard more comprehensively and effectively.

Communicate the permanent control measure: Communicate the permanent control measure and the
reasons for implementing it to employees who will be
affected by the change.

Implement the permanent control measure: Put the permanent control measure into practice and
ensure that it is being followed correctly.

9. Describe an injury that could happen in a workplace. then write down two actions that could be
taken to prevent the injury.

One injury that could happen in a workplace is a slip, trip, or fall. This can occur when there are wet or
slippery surfaces, uneven flooring, or obstacles in walkways. Two actions that could be taken to prevent
slip, trip, and fall injuries in the workplace are:

1. Proper housekeeping: Ensure that the workplace is clean and well-maintained. This includes
promptly cleaning up spills or debris, regularly sweeping or vacuuming floors, and ensuring that
walkways are clear of obstacles.
2. Implement safety measures: Implement safety measures such as installing anti-slip mats or
surfaces, providing appropriate footwear for employees, and marking hazardous areas with
warning signs. Additionally, employees should receive training on how to safely navigate the
workplace and avoid slip, trip, and fall hazards.

10. The following is a practical exercise that must be done during your visit to ACAH
Demonstration Farm, in Werribee South or Cairns.

You must write a risk assessment plan / document for a tractor during harvest. This must include
all references and templates and be audit proof from a Work safe inspector
Risk Assessment Plan for Tractor during Harvest

Introduction
This risk assessment plan aims to identify potential hazards and assess the associated risks related to the use of a
tractor during the harvest season. The plan also outlines control measures that can be implemented to reduce the
risks and ensure the safety of workers.

Hazard Identification
The following hazards have been identified in relation to the use of a tractor during harvest:
 Mechanical failure of the tractor
 Operator error or fatigue
 Contact with moving parts or machinery
 Exposure to dust, fumes, and other airborne particles
 Contact with hazardous substances such as pesticides and fertilizers
 Accidents involving other vehicles or equipment

Risk Assessment
The likelihood and severity of each hazard have been assessed to determine the level of risk associated with the use
of a tractor during harvest. The following table outlines the results of the risk assessment:
Hazard Likelihood Severity Risk Level
Mechanical failure of the tractor Moderate High High
Operator error or fatigue Moderate Moderate Moderate
Contact with moving parts or machinery Moderate High High
Exposure to dust, fumes, and other airborne particles Moderate Moderate Moderate
Contact with hazardous substances such as pesticides and Low High Moderate
fertilizers
Accidents involving other vehicles or equipment Low High Moderate

Control Measures
The following control measures can be implemented to reduce the risks associated with the use of a tractor during
harvest:

 Regular maintenance and inspection of the tractor to ensure it is in good working condition and to prevent
mechanical failure.
 Adequate training of operators on safe tractor operation practices, including proper use of controls, safe
speeds, and the importance of rest breaks.
 Provision of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, eye protection, and
respiratory protection to protect workers from airborne particles and other hazards.
 Implementation of safe work procedures to prevent contact with moving parts and machinery, including
lockout/tag out procedures and use of guards and shields.
 Proper handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous substances such as pesticides and fertilizers, including
provision of appropriate PPE and training on safe handling practices.
 Implementation of safe traffic management procedures to prevent accidents involving other vehicles or
equipment, including proper signage and communication protocols.

References
 Safe Work Australia. (2021). Agriculture. Retrieved from https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/agriculture
 WorkSafe Victoria. (2019). Farming and Agriculture. Retrieved from
https://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/farming-and-agriculture
 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2015). Preventing Tractor Overturns.
Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2015-102/default.html
Scenario C: Incident investigation

It was approximately 11.45am and the production supervisor and the production Manager were walking
through the production area discussing various quality issues with the products being produced.

John who was collecting and filling pots with media was working as usual, when he was distracted by the
supervisor and manager having a conversation. He turned to look over his shoulder at them when the
work glove that he was wearing got caught in the v-belt pulley drive and drawn into this nip point.

The middle and index fingers of John’s left hand were crushed in the incident and required minor surgery
to repair ligament damage. As the health and safety representative for the production designated work
group you are involved in the investigation process.

Your investigation revealed the following information:

 This particular machine had only been maintained a week earlier where the v-belt was replaced.
 The guard for the v-belt pulley was not replaced after the maintenance was conducted because
the tool for the guard bolts on this machine was broken. A replacement tool was on back order
from Sweden and would not be available for another three weeks. This was the only machine that
required a different tool to replace the guards.
 The first day after it was known that the guard was unable to be replaced a small note was placed
on the controls of the machine highlighting this point.
 The lighting around the machine was adequate as it was a sunny day and this machine sits under
a sky light.
 There was no procedure for prestart up checks with any of the machines on site.
 Operators had not been trained in what to do if a guard was missing on a machine.

Identify as many contributing factors as possible that may have led to the incident. Ensure you
look at each of the cause categories both close and remote to the event.

Immediate Causes:
 John was distracted and turned to look over his shoulder while operating the machine.
 The guard for the v-belt pulley was not replaced after maintenance due to the broken tool,
creating an unguarded nip point.

Underlying Causes:
 The broken tool required to replace the guard for this machine was not addressed promptly, and
a replacement was on back order, creating a delay in replacing the guard.
 There was no procedure for pre-startup checks, which would have identified the missing guard
before the machine was operated.
 Operators were not trained in what to do if a guard was missing on a machine, leaving John
unaware of the potential hazard.

Contributing Factor that would have prevented the incident:

 If the guard for the v-belt pulley was replaced immediately after the maintenance was conducted,
the incident could have been prevented.
Name any one contributing factor, if removed, would have prevented the incident from occurring?
Complete the provided incident report sheet.

Accident Investigation Report

DATE OF REPORT: 26/02/2023

DATE OF INCIDENT: 25/02/2023

LOCATION OF INCIDENT: Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

INVESTIGATION TEAM
MANAGER: Helen Grace Mendez

SAFETY OFFICER: Carl Villegas

STAFF MEMBER: John

DETAILS OF INJURY:
suffered a fractured wrist and cuts to their face and arms.

CHECK AS APPROPRIATE: Lost time Medical Treatment

First Aid None

DETAILS OF DAMAGE: (PLANT / EQUIPMENT / PROPERTY)

Equipment damage: Conveyor belt #2 was damaged and required repairs.

 Accident investigation report

DECRIPTION OF ACCIDENT / INCIDENT:

On February 25th, 2023, at approximately 2:30 pm, John was working on

the production line when their hair became caught in the moving
conveyor belt #2. The employee's hair was pulled into the machinery,
causing their head to hit a nearby guardrail and their wrist to become
caught in the conveyor belt. The conveyor belt continued to move,
causing further damage to the employee's wrist and face.

KEY CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS:

1. The employee's hair was not adequately tied back, and there was
no hair restraint policy in place.
2. The conveyor belt lacked adequate guarding and safety features.
3. The employee was not provided with adequate training and
supervision on the use of the machinery.
 Accident Investigation Report

IMMEDIATE CAUSES:

1. John’s hair became caught in the moving conveyor belt.

2. The employee's head hit a nearby guardrail.
3. John's wrist became caught in the conveyor belt.

UNDERLYING CAUSES:

1. Lack of hair restraint policy and enforcement.

2. Inadequate guarding and safety features on the conveyor belt.
3. Lack of adequate training and supervision on the use of the machinery.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

1. Implement a hair restraint policy and enforce it rigorously.

2. Install adequate guarding and safety features on all machinery.
3. Provide all employees with adequate training and supervision on the use of machinery.
4. Conduct regular safety audits to identify and address any safety hazards in the workplace.

RESPONSIBILITIES:
1. Management is responsible for ensuring that all employees are adequately trained and supervised.
2. Maintenance department is responsible for ensuring that all machinery is adequately guarded
and maintained.
3. All employees are responsible for following all safety policies and procedures.

COMPLETION DATE: 26/02/2023

MANAGER: Helen Grace Mendez

Section D

1. Identify Three (3) emergencies, one could face while working in a horticultural/ agricultural
and agribusiness enterprise.

Here are three emergencies one could face while working in a horticultural/agricultural and agribusiness
enterprise:

1. Natural disasters: Depending on the location and climate, natural disasters such as
floods, droughts, hurricanes, tornadoes, or wildfires can occur and pose significant
threats to horticultural and agricultural enterprises. These disasters can destroy crops,
damage property, and disrupt operations, leading to significant financial losses.
2. Equipment failures: Equipment failures such as tractors, harvesters, and irrigation
systems breaking down unexpectedly can cause significant disruptions to farming
activities, leading to lost productivity and revenue. These failures can also pose safety
hazards to workers if not addressed promptly.
3. Livestock emergencies: In agricultural enterprises that involve livestock, emergencies
such as animal escapes, disease outbreaks, or sudden deaths can occur. These
emergencies can lead to the loss of animals, decreased productivity, and increased risk
of spreading diseases to other animals and workers. Proper training and protocols should
be in place to handle these emergencies to minimize their impact.

2. Select one of these potential emergencies and develop draft emergency control plans for
it.

Here's a draft emergency control plan for livestock emergencies:

 Define the Emergency: Clearly define the type of emergency, such as disease outbreak,
animal escape, or sudden death, and communicate it to all relevant personnel.

 Activate the Emergency Response Team: The Emergency Response Team should be
activated immediately, and all personnel should be informed of their roles and
responsibilities.

 Contain the Situation: The immediate priority is to contain the situation and prevent
further spread of disease, escape of animals, or other emergencies. Depending on the
situation, this may involve quarantining infected animals, securing the premises, or
moving animals to a safe location.

 Assess the Situation: The Emergency Response Team should assess the situation to
determine the extent of the emergency, the number of animals affected, and the potential
risks to other animals and personnel.

 Establish Communication Channels: Establish communication channels to keep all

relevant personnel informed of the situation and provide regular updates on the progress
of the emergency control plan.

 Implement Disease Control Measures: If the emergency involves a disease outbreak,

implement disease control measures, such as vaccination, quarantine, and disinfection
protocols, to prevent the spread of the disease.

 Implement Animal Care Measures: Ensure that all affected animals receive appropriate
care and treatment, such as providing food, water, and veterinary care.
  Coordinate with External Agencies: Coordinate with external agencies, such as local
authorities, veterinary services, or animal welfare organizations, to ensure the
appropriate response and resources are available to manage the emergency.

 Record and Report: Record all actions taken during the emergency, including the
number of animals affected, the measures implemented, and the outcome. Report the
emergency to relevant authorities, such as the local health department or veterinary
services.

 Review and Evaluate: Review and evaluate the emergency control plan and the
response to the emergency to identify areas for improvement and update the plan
accordingly.

3. Give two examples of specific safety training you would require when undertaking
horticultural work?

Two examples of specific safety training that may be required when undertaking horticultural work:

a. Pesticide Safety Training: Horticultural work often involves the use of pesticides to
control pests and diseases. Pesticides can be hazardous to human health and the
environment if not handled and applied correctly. Pesticide safety training would cover
topics such as the safe handling, storage, and application of pesticides, the use of
protective clothing and equipment, and emergency procedures in case of exposure or
accidents.
b. Machinery Safety Training: Horticultural work often involves the use of machinery such
as tractors, cultivators, chainsaws, and harvesters, which can pose significant safety
hazards if not operated correctly. Machinery safety training would cover topics such as
safe operation, maintenance, and inspection of machinery, the use of personal protective
equipment, and emergency procedures in case of accidents or malfunctions. This training
would also cover the hazards associated with working around moving machinery, such as
pinch points, entanglement hazards, and crushing hazards, and how to avoid them.

4. List key features of an occupational health and safety training program

Key features of an occupational health and safety training program:

 Comprehensive Coverage: The training program should cover all aspects of

occupational health and safety that are relevant to the workplace, including hazard
identification and assessment, risk management, safe work practices, emergency
procedures, and regulatory compliance.
 Tailored to the Workplace: The training program should be tailored to the specific
needs of the workplace, taking into account the unique hazards and risks associated with
the workplace, as well as the job roles and tasks of the employees.
 Interactive and Engaging: The training program should be interactive and engaging,
using a variety of training methods such as videos, simulations, case studies, and hands-
on exercises, to ensure that employees understand the material and are able to apply it
in their work.
 Delivered by Competent Trainers: The training program should be delivered by
competent trainers who have the necessary knowledge, skills, and experience to deliver
the material effectively, answer questions, and provide feedback.
 Accessible to All Employees: The training program should be accessible to all
employees, regardless of their job roles or levels of education. The program should be
available in multiple formats, such as online modules, in-person training sessions, and
printed materials, to accommodate different learning styles and schedules.
  Regularly Updated: The training program should be regularly updated to reflect changes
in the workplace, new hazards and risks, and updates to relevant regulations and
standards.
 Evaluation and Feedback: The training program should include mechanisms for
evaluating the effectiveness of the training, such as quizzes, assessments, and feedback
surveys, to ensure that employees are learning the material and to identify areas for
improvement.

5. As a manager for a production horticulture facility;

1. You are required to prepare a draft induction program for new employees in your
workplace.

Draft Induction Program for New Employees:

1. Introduction to the workplace, its history, mission, and values

2. Overview of job roles and responsibilities
3. Introduction to health and safety policies and procedures
4. Hazard identification and risk assessment training
5. Overview of emergency procedures and evacuation plans
6. Introduction to personal protective equipment (PPE) and its proper use
7. Training on safe work practices and procedures
8. Introduction to workplace bullying and harassment policies and procedures
9. Overview of the workers' compensation process
10. Site tour and orientation to workplace facilities and equipment

2. You are required to prepare a WHS training program for the following situations:
1. Introducing a new technology (i.e. new chemical sprayer)

WHS Training Program for Introducing a New Technology (i.e., New Chemical
Sprayer):

 Introduction to the new chemical sprayer and its components

 Overview of the hazards and risks associated with using the new chemical
sprayer
 Training on how to safely handle, store, and transport chemicals
 Overview of the proper use of PPE when working with chemicals
 Training on how to properly set up and operate the new chemical sprayer
 Overview of the maintenance and cleaning procedures for the new chemical
sprayer
 Training on emergency procedures in case of accidents or spills
 Practical exercises to ensure competency in using the new chemical sprayer

2. Preparing a new propagation technique (i.e. T- budding)

WHS Training Program for Preparing a New Propagation Technique (i.e., T-

budding):

 Introduction to the new propagation technique and its components

 Overview of the hazards and risks associated with the new propagation
technique
 Training on how to safely handle and use tools and equipment for the new
propagation technique
 Overview of the proper use of PPE when working with tools and equipment
 Training on how to properly set up and prepare for the new propagation
technique
  Overview of the maintenance and cleaning procedures for the tools and
equipment used in the new propagation technique
 Training on emergency procedures in case of accidents or injuries
 Practical exercises to ensure competency in using the new propagation
technique

3. What information should be recorded and documented in relation to occupational

health and safety?

Information to be Recorded and Documented in Relation to Occupational Health and Safety:

1. Hazard identification and risk assessments

2. Incident and injury reports
3. Safety training records and attendance sheets
4. Inspection reports and corrective action plans
5. Safety equipment maintenance and calibration records
6. Safety policy and procedure updates
7. Workers' compensation claims and records

4. You are to develop a record review process to evaluate the effectiveness of the WHS
induction program.

Record Review Process to Evaluate the Effectiveness of the WHS Induction Program:

1. Establish review criteria and standards for the induction program, such as completeness,
accuracy, and effectiveness.
2. Conduct periodic reviews of induction program records, including training materials,
attendance records, and feedback surveys.
3. Evaluate the effectiveness of the induction program in terms of employee knowledge
retention, compliance with safety procedures, and incident rates.
4. Identify areas for improvement in the induction program and develop corrective action plans
to address them.
5. Continuously monitor and update the induction program to ensure that it remains effective
and relevant to the workplace.

5. Outline how you would evaluate the WHS program related to the companies’ policies
and procedures.

To evaluate the WHS program related to the company's policies and procedures, the following
steps can be taken:

1. Review existing policies and procedures: The first step is to review the existing policies
and procedures to ensure they are up to date and comply with relevant WHS laws and
regulations.
2. Identify gaps or areas for improvement: Once the policies and procedures have been
reviewed, identify any gaps or areas for improvement where the company's practices are not
in line with the policies and procedures.
3. Conduct a risk assessment: Conduct a risk assessment to identify any workplace hazards
or risks that have not been addressed in the policies and procedures.
4. Seek employee feedback: Consult with employees to get their feedback on the
effectiveness of the current policies and procedures, and identify any issues or concerns they
have.
5. Develop an action plan: Based on the findings from the above steps, develop an action plan
to address any identified gaps or areas for improvement.
 6. Outline how you would implement changes to the WHS policies and procedures where
flaws have been identified.

To implement changes to the WHS policies and procedures where flaws have been identified, the
following steps can be taken:

a. Develop a plan: Based on the findings from the evaluation, develop a plan to address the
identified flaws and make necessary changes to the policies and procedures.
b. Communicate changes: Communicate the changes to all employees and stakeholders,
ensuring that they understand the reasons for the changes and how they will impact their work.
c. Provide training: Provide appropriate training to employees on the new policies and procedures,
ensuring they understand their roles and responsibilities in implementing them.
d. Monitor and review: Monitor the implementation of the new policies and procedures, and review
them regularly to ensure they remain effective and relevant.

7. Outline how you would identify and comply with WHS legal requirements and industry
standards.
To identify and comply with WHS legal requirements and industry standards, the following steps
can be taken:

 Research: Research and identify the relevant WHS laws and regulations that apply to the
workplace, and any industry-specific standards or codes of practice that may be applicable.
 Assess compliance: Assess the company's compliance with the identified laws and standards,
and identify any areas where improvements are needed.
 Develop an action plan: Develop an action plan to address any non-compliance issues and
make necessary changes to policies, procedures, and practices.
 Monitor and review: Monitor compliance with the relevant laws and standards, and review
policies and procedures regularly to ensure they remain up to date and effective.

8. Give the full term of the following abbreviations and explain them in the context of
WHS.

a. HSR: Health and Safety Representative - an employee elected to represent the WHS
interests of their work group and raise WHS issues with management.
b. DWG: Designated Work Group - a group of workers who share similar work activities and
have been designated as a group for the purposes of electing HSRs.
c. PIN: Provisional Improvement Notice - a notice issued by an HSR to an employer,
identifying a WHS issue and requiring the employer to take action to address the issue.