CHEM PP2 KCSE 2024 PREDICTION TRIALS with answers

KCSE 2024 PREDICTION TRIALS
CHEMISTRY PAPER 2
KCSE 2024 TOP PREDICTION TRIALS 1-10
CLASS OF KCSE 2024 NOVEMBER
The set Comprises of 10 Prediction Trials prepared
by a panel of Top KNEC Writers Nairobi HQ
Kenya Educators Consultancy is proud to announce that in KCSE 2023 National
Examinations, more than 57% of our predictions from the same panelists appeared in
the national exam (KCSE 2023)
All KCSE 2024 November Candidates are advised to take the questions in this
package of predictions serious as they prepare for the national exams!
FOR MARKING SCHEMES

CONTACT
MR MACHUKI 0724333200/0795491185
OR
ORDER ONLINE AT:
www.kenyaeducators.co.ke
Confidential!!!
All the best to all KCSE 2024 Candidates as they prepare for the national Exams
KENYA EDUCATORS CONSULTANCY
©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online

at www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..…
INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………..
SCHOOL…………………………………………………….. SIGNATURE……………..
233/2
CHEMISTRY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours
KCSE 2024 TOP PREDICTION MASTER TRIAL 1

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. (K.C.S.E)
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES.
o Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
o Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
o Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
o All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
o Ensure that all pages are printed as indicated.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY.
Questions Maximum score Candidates score

1 12
2 12
3 10
4 11
5 13
6 11
7 11
Total score 80

1. a) Sodium -20 is a radio isotope and decays by beta emission as shown in the equation below.
i. Define the term radio isotope. (1mk)
ii. Find the value of a and b. (1mk)
iii. Identify the actual symbol of x. (1mk)
b) The half life of sodium -20 is 0.3 seconds. P grams of sodium -20 decays to 6 grams in 0.9
seconds.
i. Calculate the initial mass P, of the isotope. (2mks)
ii. With reference to sodium -20, give one use of radio isotopes in medicine. (1mk)
c) In the Down’s process, (used to manufacture sodium) a certain salt is added to lower the
melting point of sodium chloride from 8000c to 6000c.
i. Name the salt that is added. (1mk)
ii. State why it is necessary to lower the temperatures. (1mk)
d) Explain why aqueous sodium chloride is not suitable as an electrolyte for the manufacture of
sodium in Down’s process. (2mks)

e) Sodium metal reacts with air to form two oxides; give the formulae of the two oxides. (1mk)
f) Why is sodium used in nuclear reactors? (1mk)
2. The grid below shows part of the periodic table. Use it to answer the question that follows.
(Letters are not actual symbols of elements.)
E F
G H I J K
a) Write the electronics configuration of the following element. (1mk)

i. E
ii. L
b) Give the formula of one stable ion with an electron arrangement of 2:8 which is;
(1mk)
i. Negatively charged.
ii. Positively charged
c) The oxide of H reacts with both hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide to form a
salt. What is the nature of the oxide? (1mk)

d) Identify the most reactive non-metal, give a reason. (1mk)
e) Explain the following observations.

i. Atomic radius decreases from H to J. (1mk)
ii. Melting point of J is higher than that of F. (1mk)
f) When a piece of element G is placed on water, it melts and a hissing sound is

produced as it moves on water.
i. Explain these observations. (2mks)
ii. Write a chemical equation between element G and water. (1mk)
g) 60cm3 of gas E diffused through a porous partition in 50 seconds. How long would it
take 60cm3 of sulphur IV oxide gas to diffuse through the same partition, under the
same conditions? (3mks)
(0=16, s=32)

3. a) Complete the table below to show the differences between the two types of detergents.
(2mks)
Detergent Type of detergent Effect on hard water
C17 H35 COONa
R
b) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.
i. Names the processes in steps (1mk)

I -
IV -
ii. State the reagent and condition necessary for steps II (1mk)
Reagent -
Condition -
iii. Identify substances (1mk)
iv. State the observation in step III. (1mk)
v. Write the equation for the reaction in step IV. (1mk)

c) A polymer has the following structure.
A sample of this polymer is found to have a molecular mass of 750. Determine the number of
monomers is the polymer. (2mks)
(Cl=35.5, C=12, H=1)
ii) State why the polymer above should not be thrown away. (1mk)
4. The flow chart below represents preparation and properties of oxygen gas. Study it and
answer the questions that follow.
a) Name the following (2mks)

i. Solid K
ii. Gas P
iii. Solid Q
iv. Solution R

b) Write equation leading to the formation of;
i. Solid Q and solution R (1mk)
ii. Gas P. (1mk)
c) i)What observation is made when excess ammonia solution is added to solution M. (1mk)
ii) Write an ionic equation for the reaction in C (i) above. (1mk)
d) 1.68g of hot copper metal completely reacted with oxygen gas. Calculate the volume of
oxygen gas used (molar gas volume= 24dm3 Cu=63.5) (3mks)
e) State two uses of oxygen gas. (2mks)

5. a) In an experiment to determine the molar heat of reaction when magnesium displaces
copper, 0.15g of magnesium powder were added to 25.0cm3 of 2M copper II chloride
solution. The temperature of copper II chloride solution was 250c while that of the mixture
was 430c.
i. Other than increase in temperature, state and explain the observation made during the
reaction. (3mks)
ii. Calculate the heat change during the reaction

(S.H.C of solution=4.2j/g/k, density of solution=1g/cm3) (2mks)
iii. Determine the molar heat of displacement of copper by magnesium. (2mks)
iv. Write the ionic equation for the reaction. (1mk)

v. Sketch an energy level diagram for the reaction. (2mks)
b) i) Use the reduction potentials below to draw a labeled diagram of an electrochemical cell that
can be constructed to measure the electromotive force between magnesium and copper. (2mks)
Mg2++2e-→Mg(s) EӨ=-2.38V
Cu2++2e-→Cu(s) EӨ=+0.34v
ii) Calculate the EӨ value for the cell above. (1mk)
6. a) Chlorine can be prepared using the following reagents; concentrated hydrochloric acid,
potassium manganate VII and concentrated sulphuric VI acid.
i. What is the role of each of the following?
Potassium manganate VII. (1mk)

Concentrated sulphuric VI acid. (1mk)
ii. Name the bleaching agent formed when chlorine gas is passed through cold, dilute
sodium hydroxide solution. (1mk)
iii. Name one other use of the compound formed in (ii) above other than bleaching.
(1mk)
b) State and explain observations that would be made if a moist blue litmus paper was placed in a
gas jar full of chlorine gas. (2mks)
c) 1.9g of magnesium chloride was dissolved in distilled water. Silver nitrate solution was added
until in excess. Calculate the mass of silver nitrate that was used for complete reaction. (3mks)
(RMM MgCl2=95, N=14, O=16, Ag=108)

d) Other than bleaching, state two other uses of chlorine gas. (2mks)
7. The table below gives the solubility of ammonium phosphate at the stated temperatures.
Temp 0c 10 18 26 34 42 50
Solubility g/100g H2 21 28 38.5 51 68.5 98

a. Plot a graph of solubility of ammonium phosphate against temperature. (3mks)
b. Use the graph to;

i. Determine the solubility of ammonium phosphate at 17 0c. (1mk)
ii. Determine the molar concentration of ammonium phosphate at 17 0c. (2mks)

(N=14, H=1, P=31, 0=16)

iii. State two uses of solubility curves. (2mks)
iv. Use an equation to explain how temporary water hardness is removed. (1mk)
c. Study the information in the table below and answer the question that follows.
Salt Solubility (g/100g H2O) at
45 0c 60 0c
i. Na2Co3 35 80
ii. Pb(no3)2 77 101
A mixture containing 90g of sodium carbonate and 72g of lead II nitrate in 100g of water at 60 0c
was cooled to 45 0c.
i. Identify the salt that crystallized out. (1mk)
ii. Calculate the mass of the salt that crystallized out. (1mk)

NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..…
INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………..
233/2
CHEMISTRY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours


1 12
2 12
3 10
4 11
5 13
6 11
7 11
Total score 80
©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online at

www.kenyaeducators.co.ke]
1. (a) The curves below represent the variation of temperature with time when pure and
impure samples of a solid were heated separately.
(i) (a)Which curve shows the variation in temperature for the pure solid? Explain.
(2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) State the effect of impurities on the melting and boiling points of a pure substance.
I. Melting points (1/2 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
II. Boilling points (1/2 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b)The diagram below shows the relationship between the physical states of matter.
A
B C
Solid Liquid Gas
E D

i) Identify the processes B and D. (2mks)
B………………………………………………
D…………………………………………….
ii) Name process A (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) State two substances in chemistry that undergo the process A (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
iv) Is the process E exothermic or endothermic? Explain (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2.Air was passed through several reagents as shown below
CHAMBER 1 CHAMBER 2 CHAMBER 3

Air Concentrated Sodium Concentrated Heated Copper
Hydroxide Solution Sulphuric (VI) acid turnings
CHAMBER 4
Heated magnesium
Escaping gases powder
(a) Name the main inactive component of air (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Name the components of air that are removed in the following chambers (3mks)
I. Chamber 1
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
II. Chamber 3
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
III. Chamber 4
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

C) What is the purpose of passing air through concentrated sulphuric (1v) acid. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Write a chemical equation for thereaction which takes place in :-
I. chamber 1 (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. Chamber4 (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
e) State and explain the observation made in chamber 3 during reaction (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
f) Name one gas which escapes from the scheme above (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. (a) Draw and name two isomers of Pentane (2mks)

(B) Study the flow diagram below and then answer the questions that follow.
U H2O Substance Y
O2 Heat Sodalime
Process K Process J
CH2BrCH2 CH2CH2 CH3CH3
Nickel Catalyst
Process T Cl2
H H W + HCl
C C
H H
Substances S
(i) Name process J, K and T (3mks)
J- ……………………………………………………………..
K- …………………………………………………………….
T- …………………………………………………………….
(ii) State the reagents necessary for processed J and K (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(iii) Name substances U, W, S and Y (2mks)
U ……………………………………………………………….
W ………………………………………………………………
S ………………………………………………………………..
Y ………………………………………………………………..
C) Describe how burning can distinguish CH2CH2 from CH3CH3 (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The grid below shows a part of the periodic table. The letters do not represent the actual
symbols. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
C T
U
X K M Q W
Y P Z
J
a) Identify the elements in period 1 (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) With a reason, identify the element with the largest atomic radius (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) Draw the atomic structure of element Q (1mks)
d) Write down the electronic configurations of elements Y and W

Y- ……………………………………………………………………….
W- ………………………………………………………………………
e) Element G forms an ion G3- and its ionic configuration 2.8.8. indicate its position on the
grid above (1mk)
f) Identify an element whose oxide reacts with both acids and alkalis (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
g) i. Write down the chemical formular of the compound formed between elements K and
W (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. Draw the bonding in the compound formed in (g) (i) above using dots (.) and crosses
(x) to represent electrons (1mk)
h) Compare the atomic radius elements X and K. Explain (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5 (a) Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction in tube A (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) Name the two salts formed in tube B (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii) State the observation made in tube C (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
iv) What is the purpose of potassium hydroxide in tube D. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
v) Name gas P (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) The flow chart below shows some industrial processes. Use it to answer the questions that
follow
Air
III Liquid F
Nitrogen Hydrogen
Gas M
I Air
II
Ammonia Catalyst P Absorption
rower
Air 7000C
IV
Nitric (V) acid

(i) Give the source of the following raw materials
a) Nitrogen gas (½mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) Hydrogen gas (½mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii) Name the following substances;
a) Catalyst P (½ mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) Gas M (½ mk)
……………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
c) Liquid F (½mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii)Write the chemical equations for; formation of gas M. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
The reaction in the absorption tower (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

iv) State one use of nitric (v) acid (½mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Study the reaction scheme below and answer the questions that follow
Sodium White precipitate
White NaOH (aq) Lead (II) nitrate Suplhate
P
precipitate solution Solution
Few drops
Excess NaOH DiluteHCl Process 2
Colourless White Colourless

solution Y precipitate L solution Q
Process 3
Colourlesssol
ution Z
a) Write the chemical formular of compounds P and Q
i) P ………………………………………….
ii) Q ……………………………………………. (2mks)
b) Write an ionic equation for the process that produces white precipitate P (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
C) Name process 2 (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Name the process that separated P and Q (1mk)
P ………………………………………..
Q …………………………………………
e) Write a balanced chemical equation for the formation of white precipitate L. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
f) State the condition required for process 3 (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

g) What physical process is exhibited in process 3 (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
h) Name the anion present in colourless solution Z (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
i) Write the formula of the complex ion present in colourless solution Y (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Below is a set of apparatus that was used to obtain a dry sample of sulphur(iv)oxide gas
a) Name;
i) Solid W (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii)The apparatus containing dilute hydrochloric acid (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State the role of Liquid Y (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
C) Complete the diagram to show how the gas could have been collected (1mk)

d) A sample of sulphur(iv)oxide gas was passed through freshly prepared iron(III)sulphate
solution. State and explain the observation made (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
e) 50cm3 of 2M Hydrochloric acid was used during the above experiment. Determine the
volume of sulphur(iv)oxide gas produced at r.t.p (molar gas volume = 24dm3)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. In an experiment, 40cm3 of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution was placed in a suitable

apparatus and 5.0cm3 portions of hydrochloric acid were added. The resulting mixture was
stirred with a thermometer and the temperature taken after each addition. Both solutions were
initially at 200c
Volume of HCL (cm3) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Temperature (oc) 21. 22.5 24.0 25.0 26.0 27.0 27.5 27.5 27.0
5
a) i. Plot a graph of temperature against volume of the acid added (4mks)
ii) Use the graph to determine the concentration in moles per litre of the hydrochloric
acid (2mks)
b) i) Calculate the heat change for the reaction (1½mk)

ii) Molar enthalpy of neutralization of hydrochloric acid by sodium hyndroxide
solution (density of solution 1g/cm3 specific heat capacity 4.2 kj/kg) (1½mks)
c) Write the thermochemical equation for the reaction (1mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Draw an energy level diagram for the reaction (1mk)

NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..…
INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………..
233/2
CHEMISTRY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours


1 12
2 12
3 10
4 11
5 13
6 11
7 11
Total score 80

1. The grid below shows a section of the periodic table, the letters are not the actual chemical symbol.
K L M N P
Q R S T V
a) Name the family into which element P belongs to ( 1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Which two elements forms the most soluble carbonates (2mks )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) With a reason, identify elements in period 3 with the largest atomic radius (2mks )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Write the formula of the compound formed between Q and M (1mk )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
e) State two uses of element R and for each use , state property of element R that makes lts possible for
the use
(i) Use ( 1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Property (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Use (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Property (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
f) Using dots and cross ,show bonding in the compound formed between R and oxygen (2mks )
g) In terms of structure and bonding explain why the oxides of element Thas relatively low boiling
points (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. (a) name the following compounds (3mks)
(i) CH3CH2CH2COOH
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii)CH3CH2OOCCH2CH3
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Two types of detergents P and Q can be represented as
P: R −COONa
(i) Identify each type of the detergent (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Which of the two detergents is the best to use with hard water? Give a reason
(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) State one advantage of detergent P (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) State one disadvantage of detergent Q (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) An hydrocarbon can be represented as follows
(i) Identify the hydrocarbon (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Name two reagents that can reacted together to generate the hydrocarbon (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. (a) Name two apparatuses that can be used for determining mass in a laboratory (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) One of the flames produced by Bunsen burner is the luminous flame
i) Explain why this flame is very bright (1mk )

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) State two disadvantages of the luminous flame (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Air is usually one of the substances that is considered as a mixture
(i) Identify the two most abundant component of air (2mks )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Give two reasons why the air is considered as a mixture (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) One of the components of air is carbon (iv) oxide. Describe an experiment that can be
used to prove the presence of carbon (iv) oxide in the air (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. (a) The diagram below shows the process used to obtain Sulphur from underground deposits
i)
Name the above process used to obtain sulphur from the underground deposits
(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Name the substance passed through pipe
A (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) State two properties of Sulphur that makes it possible to extract using the above
process (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) The diagram below shows the contact process used in the manufacture of concentrated
sulphuric(vi) acid
i) Identify the following:
a) Substance Q formed in the burner (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Chamber T (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Substance R (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) Substance S (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Write the chemical equation occurring in the dilution chamber (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Why is it necessary to pass substance Q though a purifier (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv) State one use of sulphuric (VI) acid (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. (a) Calamine is one of the ores from which zinc can be extracted from
(i) Name any other ore from which zinc can be extracted from (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) The calamine is usually decomposed by heating to obtain substance M as shown
below
ZnCO3 M+ CO2
Identify substance M (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Identify two methods that can be used to obtain zinc from substance M (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) During the extraction of zinc, name two gases likely to emitted into the air and that are likely
to cause pollution (2mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) State one likely pollution effects of each of the gases you have mentioned in (a) above (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) State one possible use of zinc metal (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. (a) define the term electrolysis (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State two functions of a salt bridge during electrolysis (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) The reduction potential of elements K, L, M, and P are as given below.
K+ (aq) + e_ K(S), E = -1.46v
L2+ + 2e_ L(S) , E = +0.49V
M2+ M(S), E = -2.69V
N+ (aq) + e- N(s), E = +0.52 V
P+ (aq) P(s), E= - 0.86V
(i) Which letter represents the, strongest reducing agent? give a reason (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Which two letters represent elements whose half cells would form an electrochemical cell
with the largest e.m.f? (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Calculate the e.m.f of the cell formed in (ii) above (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) During the electrolysis of a molten chloride of metal Q, a current of 0.25A was passed though the
molten chloride for 2 hours and 10minutes. Given that 0.9grams of metal Q were deposited at the
cathode.
(i) Calculate the quantity of electricity passed (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Charge carried by the ions of metal Q given that R.A.M of metal Q is 84 (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7 (a) starting with magnesium oxide, describe how you can obtain a dry sample of magnesium
Carbonate (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) (i) Give one example of an acid salt ( 1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) When sodium nitrate was heated a solid A and gas B were produced identify solid A
and gas B (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) State two uses of gas B produced in (ii) above (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) State two factors that should be considered when choosing a fuel (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
************END***********

NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..…
INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………..
233/2
CHEMISTRY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours

1 12
2 12
3 10
4 11
5 13
6 11
7 11
Total score 80

1. a) In which homologous series do the following compounds belong
i) CH3CCH (1mk)
ii) CH3CH2COOH (1mk)
b) Raw rubber is heated with sulphur in the manufacture of natural rubber.

i) What is the name given to the process? (1mk)
ii) Why is the process necessary? (1mk)
c) Study the scheme given below and answer the questions that follow.
i) Write an equation for the reaction between propan – 1 –ol and potassium metal.
(1mk)

ii) Name processes I and II (2mks)
I
II
iii) Identify the products A and B (2mks)
A
iv) Name one catalyst used in process II (1mk)
v) Draw the structural formula of the repeating unit in the polymer C. (1mk)
vi) State two industrial uses of methane. (2mk)
2. (a) The following diagrams show the structures of two allotropes of carbon. Study
them and answer the questions that follow

(i) What is meant by the term allotropy? (1mk)
ii) Name allotrope (2mk)

M
(iii) Give one use of N (1mk)
(iv) Which allotrope conducts electricity? Explain (2mk)
(b) In an experiment, carbon (IV) oxide gas was passed over heated charcoal and the
gas produced collected as shown in the diagram below
(i) Write an equation for the reaction that took place in the combustion tube (1mk)
(ii) Name another substance that can be used instead of sodium hydroxide ((1mk)

(iii) Describe a simple chemical test that can be used to distinguish between carbon
(IV) oxide and carbon (II) oxide (3mk)
(iv) Give one use of carbon (II) oxide (1mk)
3. a) Fraction distillation of liquid air usually produces nitrogen and oxygen as the
major products.
i) Name one substance that is used to remove carbon (IV) oxide from the air before
it is changed into liquid. (1mk)
ii) Describe how nitrogen gas is obtained from the liquid air. (2mk)
(Boiling points nitrogen = - 196oC, oxygen = -183oC)
(b)Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

i) Name element M. (1mk)
ii) Why is it necessary to use excess air in step 4? (1mk)
iii) Identify gas Q. (1mk)
iv) Write an equation for the reaction in step 7. (1mk)
v) Give one use of ammonia nitrate. (1mk)
c) State and explain the observations that would be made if a sample of

sulphur is heated with concentrated nitric acid. (2mks)
52
4. (a) An atom Q can be represented as Q.
24
What does the number 52 represent? (1mk)

(b) Study the information in the table below and answer the equations that follow.
(Letters are not the actual symbols of the elements)
Element Electronic arrangement Atomic Ionic

of stable ion Radius Radius
(nm) (nm)
N 2.8.8 0.197 0.099
P 2.8.8 0.099 0.181
R 2.8 0.160 0.065
S 2.8 0.186 0.095
T 2 0.152 0.068
U 2.8 0.072 0.136
(i) Write the formula of the compound formed when N reacts with P.
(Atomic numbers are N = 20; P = 17) (1mk)
(ii) Identify the elements which belong to the third period of the periodic table. Explain
(2mks)
(iii) Which of the element identified in b (ii) above comes last in the third period? Explain
(2mks)
(iv) Select two elements which are non- metals (1mk)
(c) The table below gives some properties of substances I, II, III, and IV.
Study it and answer the questions that follow
Substance Electrical conductivity M.P (0C) B.P (0C)

Solid Molten
I Does not conduct Conducts 801 1420
II Conducts Conducts 650 1107
III Does not conduct Does not conduct 1700 2200
IV Does not conduct Does not conduct 113 440

(i) What type of bonding exists in substances I and II (1mk)
I
II
(ii) Which substances is likely to be sulphur? Explain (2mks)
5. (a) Below is a simplified diagram of the Downs Cell used for the manufacture of
sodium. Study it and answer the questions that follow
(i) What material is the anode made of? Give a reason (2mks)
(i) What precaution is taken to prevent chlorine and sodium from re-
combination? ( 1mks)
(iii) Write an ionic equation for the reaction in which chlorine gas is formed
(1mk)

(b) In the Downs process, (used for manufacture of sodium), a certain salt is added to
lower the melting point of sodium chloride from about 8000C to about 6000C.
(i) Name the salt that is added (1mk)
(ii) State why it is necessary to lower the temperature (1mk)
(c) Explain why aqueous sodium chloride is not suitable as an electrolyte for the
manufacture of sodium in the Downs process (2mk)
(d) Sodium metal reacts with air to form two oxides. Give the formulae of two oxides
(1mk)
(e) State two uses of sodium (2mk)
6. (a) A student was supplied with a colourless liquid suspected to be water.

(i) Describe one chemical test that could have been used to show that the
liquid was water (2mk)
(ii) How could it have been shown that the liquid was pure water? (1mk)

(b) The flow chart below shows the various stages of water treatment. Study it and
answer the questions that follow
(i) Which substances are likely to be removed in filtration unit I? (1mk)
(ii) What is the purpose?

I. Process Y (1mk)
II Addition of sodium hypochlorite (1mk)
(c) It was confirmed that magnesium sulphate was present in the tap water
(i) What type of hardness was present in the water? (1mk)
(ii) Explain one method that can be used to remove the water hardness.
(2mks)

d. The set-up below was used to collect gas F, produced by the reaction between water
and calcium metal.
(i) Name gas F (1mk)
(ii) At the end of the experiment, the solution in the beaker was found to be a weak
base. Explain why the solution is a weak base. (2 marks)
(iii) Give one laboratory use of the solution formed in a beaker. (1 mark)

(e) The scheme below shows some reactions starting with calcium oxide. Study it and
(i) Name the reagents used in steps 2 and 4 (1mk)

Step 2
Step 4
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction in step 3. (1mk)
7. a) State two differences between chemical and nuclear reactions (2mks)
(b) The table below gives the percentages of a radioactive isotope of Bismuth that
remains after decaying at different times.
Time (min) 0 6 12 22 38 62 100

Percentage of Bismuth 100 81 65 46 29 12 3
i) On the grid provided, plot a graph of the percentage of Bismuth remaining

(Vertical axis) against time. (3mks)

ii) Using the graph, determine the:
I. Half – life of the Bismuth isotope (1mk)
II. Original mass of the Bismuth isotope given that the mass that remained
after 70 minutes was 0.16g (2mks)
c) Give one use of radioactive isotopes in medicine (1mk)

NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..…
INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………..
233/2
CHEMISTRY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours


1 12
2 12
3 10
4 11
5 13
6 11
7 11
Total score 80

1. The grid given below represents part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that
follow. The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
A
B G H E
J I L C
D M
Y
(i) What name is given to the family of elements to which A and C belong? ( 1 mark )
(ii) Write the chemical formula of the sulphate of element D. ( 1 mark )
(iii ) Which letter represents the most reactive ( 2 marks )
(a) Metal
(b) Non-metal
(iv) Name the bond formed when B and H react. Explain your answer. ( 2 marks )
(v) Select one element that belong to period 4. ( 1 mark )
(vi) Ionic radius of element E is bigger than the atomic radius. Explain.
( 2 marks )

(vii) The electron configuration of a divalent anion of element N is 2.8.8. Induce the
Position of element N on the periodic table drawn above. ( 1 mark )
(viii) The oxide of G has a lower melting point than the oxide of L. Explain.
( 1 mark )
(ix) How do the atomic radii of I and C compare. Explain. ( 2 marks )
(x)Explain the trend in the 1st ionization energies of the elements J, I and L.(1mark )
2 a) define the following terms

i) Saturated solution(1mk)
ii) Fractional crystallization(1mk)
b) Solubility of salt X and Y were determined at different temperatures as shown in

the following data.

Temperature (ºC) 0 20 40 60 80 100
Solubility of 100g of water X 12 30 75 125 185 250
Y 15 20 35 45 65 80
i. On the grid provided, plot a graph of solubility (vertical axis) against temperature.
(4mks)
ii. From the graph determine the solubility of each at 50ºC.
X ……………………………………………………….. (1mk)

Y ………………………………………………………… (1mk)
iii. At what temperature was the solubility of both salts equal. (1mk)
b)i. What is permanent hardness of water?

(1mk)
3. The flow chart below illustrates two industrial processes. Haber and contact processes each
with air as one of the starting materials and other chemical reactions.
AIR Nitrogen B D
Harber
process
Oxygen Hydrogen
Sulphur C Sulphuric
A dioxide acid
Water
Contact
process

a) (i) Give the name of the process by which air is separated into oxygen and nitrogen.
(1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
(ii) Apart from oxygen and nitrogen gas produced from process a(i) name any other gas
produced in the process above.
(1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
b) Name the substances which are represented by the letter. (4 mks)
A……………………………..
B……………………………………..
C …………………………………….
D………………………………………
c) Name the catalyst used in;
(i) The Haber process
(1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……
(ii) The contact process (1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……
(iii) Explain the role of the catalyst in both the Haber and contact process. (2 mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……

d) (i) Write a balanced equation for formation of compound D.
(1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen present in compound D

(N = 14.0, H = 1.0, S = 32.0, O = 16.0)
(2 mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
(iii) Give one use of compound D.
(1 mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. A student set-up the arrangement below to prepare and collect dry hydrogen gas

(a) Identify two errors from the section of the arrangement shown above
(2mks)
I: …………………………………………………………………………………………………
II:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Complete the diagram to show how dry hydrogen gas can be collected. (2mks)
(c) (i) Explain why hydrogen was collected by the method shown above
(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that takes place when
hydrogen gas is burnt in air.
(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
(e) Determine the relative atomic mass of zinc, given that when 6.54g of zinc was
used, 2.4litres of hydrogen gas was produced. (Molar gas volume = 24 litres)
(3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
(c) State any two non-industrial uses of hydrogen gas
(2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The diagram below shows an experiment set-up to investigate a property of carbon (ii)
oxide. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
a) Name one condition that is missing in the set up that must be present if the experiment to
proceed.
1mark
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
b) If the experiment was carried out properly. What observation would be made in the
combustion tube?
1mark
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………

c) Give an equation for the reaction that occurs in the combustion tube.
1 mark
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
d) Give an equation for the reaction that takes place as gas x burns.
1 marks
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
e) Why is it necessary to burn gas x?
1mk
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
f) Name the reducing and oxidizing agent.
2marks
(i) Reducing agent

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………
(ii) Oxidising agent
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………
g) Identify any other substance that would have the same effect on copper (ii) oxide as carbon
(ii) oxide.
1mark

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
h) What would happen if copper (ii) oxide was replaced with sodium oxide? Explain
2mark
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………
6. Dry chlorine was collected using the set up below.
Moist blue litmus paper
a) Name a suitable drying agent for chlorine gas?

(1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State one property of chlorine gas which facilitates this method of collection.
1mark

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
c) State the observations made on the moist blue litmus paper.
(2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
d) Chlorine gas was bubbled through distilled water. With aid of an equation show the
formation of chlorine water.
(1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………..…….
e) Write the formula of the compounds formed when chlorine gas reacts with warm dry
phosphorous.
(2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
f) Chlorine gas is mixed with moist hydrogen sulphide gas, state and explain the observations
(2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
g) Give one use of chlorine gas.
1mark
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

7. Fractional distillation of air is used in the industrial manufacture of oxygen. The
diagram below shows the process.
Dust particles Liquid S
Ai
r A B M
Substance T
Dry air
Sodium Compressor
Carbonate
solution
X
Nitrogen boiling D
point- 1960C
Fractional
distillation
Argon boiling
point -1860C R
Oxygen boiling
point - 1960C
a) What processes are taking place in chamber A,B,M and D

2marks
A…………………………………………………………………………………………..…….
.
B…………………………………………………………………………………………….
M……………………………………………………………………………………………..…
.

D
…………………………………………………………………………….………………..…..
b) Name;
(i) Liquid S(1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………….……….…
(ii) Substance T(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………….…….………………
c) Explain why part Y in chamber D is curved?
1mark
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Give two industrial uses of oxygen gas?
(2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e) In the laboratory preparation of oxygen, manganese (iv) oxide and hydrogen peroxide are
used. Write an equation to show how oxygen gas is formed.
1mark
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

f) An investigation was carried out using the set-up below. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.
R T
S
Air Air
Air
Nail
Oil
Water
Anhydrous
Nail calcium Boiled water
chloride Nail
(i) State and explain what will happen in the three test-tubes R, S and T after seven days.
2marks
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Give one reason why some metals are electroplated.
1mark
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………

NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..…
INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………..
233/2
CHEMISTRY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours


1 12
2 12
3 10
4 11
5 13
6 11
7 11
Total score 80

1. The diagram below shows chromatograms for five different dyes.
Green
Blue
Red
A B C D E
(a) Name the technique used to separate the dyes. (1 mk)
(b) What conditions are required to separate the chromatograms present in a dye? (2 mks)
(c) What is meant by the term solvent front? Indicate its position in the diagram. (1 ½ mks)
(d) Which chromatogram were present in dye D. (1 mk)
(e) Which dye is insoluble? (1 mk)
(f) Which dye is pure? Explain. (1 ½ mks)
(g) Which chromatogram is most soluble? (1 mk)
(h) How can one obtain the extract of the blue dye? (2 mks)
(i) The results showed that dye E contained unwanted colour. Identify the colour. (2 mks)

2. Air was passed through several reagents as shown in the flow chart below.
Gas P
Conc Excess Excess

Air Electrostatic Sodium Copper heated
Precipitation hydroxide turnings magnesium
Compressor
A
Fractionating
column
Nitrogen C (-183oC)
Argon
(196oC
(-106oC)
(a) Write an equation for the reaction which takes place in the chamber with.
(i) Concentrated Sodium hydroxide. (1 mk)
(ii) Excess heated copper turnings. (1 mk)
(iii) Excess heated magnesium (1 mk)
(iv) Name one gas which escapes from the chamber containing magnesium powder. Give a
reason for your answer. (2 mks)

(b) The diagram below shows an experimental set up for the laboratory preparation of nitrogen
gas.
(i) Name the reagent B and state its role. (2 mks)
(ii) What is the observation made in the combustion tube? (1 mk)
(iii) Nitrogen gas collected using this method is not pure. Explain. (1 mk)
(iv) Give a reason why liquid nitrogen is used for storage of semen for artificial
insemination. (1 mk)
3. Use the grid below to answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent actual
symbols of the elements.
F
Q
O B P R S A
T E C U
V Z
(a) (i) Which element form ions with a charge of -2? Explain. (2 mks)

(ii) Identify and explain the elements with great tendency of forming covalent compound.
(2 mks)
(b) How do the reactivity of the following elements compare? Explain.

(i) T and V (2 mks)
(ii) T and E (2 mks)
(iii) S and Z (2 mks)
(iv) Select the element with the largest atomic radius. Give a reason. (2 mks)

4. Study the flowchart below and answer the questions that follow.
Sugar solution
Process X
Crude ethanol
Process Y
Na(s) Conc Substance C

Substance A Pure ethanol
H2SO4
+
H KMnO4(aq)
Substance B Polymer G
NaOH(aq) Filtration & drying
Heat with NaOH(s)
(a) Identify substances A, B, C and E. (2 mks)

A–
B–
C–
D–
(b) Identify process X and Y. (1 mk)

X–
Y-

(c) Write chemical equations to show how substance E may be obtained from B. (2 mks)
(d) Draw the structure of; (2 mks)

(i) Polymer G
(ii) The repeating unit of polymer G
(e) A polymer is represented by:
(i) Draw the structure of the monomer. (1 mk)
(ii) A sample of the polymer was found to have relative molecular mass of 3952. Determine
the volume of n. (H = 1.0, C = 12.0) (2 mks)
(iii) State one demerits of this kind of polymer as a synthetic fibre. (1 mk)

5. The diagram below shows the extraction of Sulphur by the Frasch process.
(a) State what passes through pipe 1 and 3. (2 mks)

1
(b) Give the purpose of the solution that passes through pipe 2. (2 mks)
(c) The following equation is the reaction of Sulphur (iv) oxide and oxygen gas. Use it to answer
the questions below.
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
(i) Name the catalyst used for this reaction. (1 mk)
(ii) Explain briefly how Sulphur (vi) oxide is converted to Sulphuric (VI) acid in the contact
process. (2 mks)

(e) (i) State two effects of Sulphur (iv) oxide on the environment. (2 mks)
(ii) When ammonia is passed through concentrated Sulphuric acid, ammonium sulphate
fertilizer is produced.
I. Write an equation for the reaction. (1 mk)
II. Calculate the mass in kg of Sulphuric acid required to produce 250kg of the
ammonium sulphate fertilizer (S = 32.0 O = 16.0, N = 14.0, H = 1.0) (3 mks)
6. A sample of hydrated Iron (II) sulphate weighing 6.8g was dissolved in water and the solution
made up to 250cm3. 25cm3 of the solution was titrated against a solution of 0.02 molar acidified
potassium manganite (VII). The titre volumes obtained were 22.8cm3, 22.4cm3 and 22.5cm3 for
the first, second and third titrations.
(a) (i) Complete the following table. (3 mks)
Final burette reading (cm3) 1__________ 2_________ 3_________
Initial burette reading (cm3) 0.00 0.00 22.4
Total titre volume (cm3) 4_________ 5__________ 6__________
(ii) Determine the average titre volumes (1 mk)
(b) Determine the number of moles of manganese (VII) ions used. (2 mks)

(c) Calculate:
(i) The concentration of the iron (II) sulphate in mol/dm3 (molar mass = 278) (1 mk)
(ii) Moles of iron (II) ions in 25cm3 of solution. (2 mks)
(e) An indicator is not required for this titration. How can the end point be determined?
(2 mks)

7. The table below shows industrial manufacture of sodium carbonate. Study it and answer this
questions that follow.
B
P A
Ammoniated brine
A
Solvey Towers
Ammonioum chloride
Heat Q By-product E
R
F
D
Roaster Slaker T
S G
Soda ash (Na2CO3
(a) Name the raw materials A and B. (2 mks)
(b) Write equations for the reactions taking place at Q and S. (2 mks)
Q–
S–
(c) Name recycled substances and include equations for the reactions. (2 mks)

(d) Name processes S and R. (2 mks)
(e) Name by-product E. (1 mk)
(f) Name substance D. (1 mk)

NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..…
INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………..
233/2
CHEMISTRY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours

1 12
2 12
3 10
4 11
5 13
6 11
7 11
Total score 80

1. The grid below shows part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
A B C D
E F
G
H
(a) Give the name of the family to which element F belongs. (1mk)
(b) Identify an element which forms a stable divalent anion (1mk)
(c) Give the formula of:

(i) The compound formed between A and B (½mk)
(ii) The sulphate of H (½mk)
(d) Using dot(.) and cross(x) diagram, show the bonding in the compound formed between E
and C. (2mks)
(e) Compare the atomic radii of elements C and D. Explain. (2mks)

(f) Select the element that has the lowest ionization energy. Explain. (1mk)
(g) 0.081g of element A reacts with 20cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid. Calculate the molarity of
the hydrochloric acid. (R.A.M = 27) (3mks)
(h) The graph below shows the trend of the melting points and the boiling points of the family
to which element G belongs. Explain the trend in the melting points. (2mks)

2. (a) (i) What is a fuel? (1 mk)
(ii) Calculate the heating value of propane, C3H8, given that its molar enthalpy of
combustion is 2200 kJ mol-1. . (2 mks)
(C=12, H=1)
(b) (i) Define molar enthalpy of combustion. (1 mk)
(ii) Use the information provided by the thermochemical equations below to calculate the
molar enthalpy of combustion of ethyne. (3 mks)
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) ∆H= -394 kJ mol-1
H2(g) + ½O2(g) H2O(g) ∆H= -286 kJ mol-1
2C(s) + H2(g) C2H2(g) ∆H= +226 kJ mol-1
(c) Study the data given below and answer the questions that follow.
Substance/ion Enthalpy change

CaCl2(s) Lattice energy = -2237 kJ mol-1
Ca2+(g) Hydration energy = -1650 kJ mol-1
Cl-(g) Hydration energy = -364 kJ mol-1

(i) Determine the molar enthalpy of solution of calcium chloride in water. (2 mks)
(ii) Draw an energy level diagram for the dissolution of calcium chloride in water.
(3 mks)
3. (a) The diagram below shows the preparation of an oxide of nitrogen. Study the diagram and
Flask M
Mixture of
ammonium
sulphate Heat
and solid D Gas jar
Oxide of nitrogen
(Gas L)

(i) Name the solid D. (1mk)
(ii) Write the equation for the reaction in the flask M (1mk)
(iii) Burning magnesium ribbon was lowered into the gas jar containing gas L. State and
explain the observations made. (2mks)
(iv) Write the two equations for the reactions taking place in (iii) above. (2mks)
I.
II.
(v) A drop of water was added to the product formed in (iii) above. A colourless gas K with
a choking smell was produced. Write the chemical equation for the production of gas K
(1mk)
(b) (i) Give two uses for nitric (V) acid. (2mks)

(ii) A factory uses nitric (V) acid and ammonia gas as the only reactants for the preparation of
ammonium nitrate. If the daily production of the ammonium nitrate is 4800kg, calculate the
mass of ammonia gas used daily in kg. (N=14.0, O = 16.0 H= 1.0) (3 mks)
4. A group of form four students of Cockelbet Secondary School carried out an experiment to
determine the solubility of potassium chlorate. The table below shows the results obtained.
Total volume of water added(cm3) 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0

Mass of KClO3(g) 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Temperature at which crystals appear(0C) 80.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 30.0
Solubility of KClO3(g/100gH2O)
(a) Complete the table to show the solubility of KClO3 at different temperatures. (3mks)

(b) Plot a graph of mass of KClO3 per 100g water against temperature at which crystals form.
(3mks)
(c) From the graph, determine ;

(i) The solubility of KClO3 at 40oC. (1mk)
(ii) The temperature at which the solubility of KClO3 is 35g/100g water. (1mk)
(d) Explain the shape of the graph. (1mk)

(e) State one application of solubility and solubility curves. (1mk)
5. (a) Use the standard reduction potentials for elements P, Q, R, S and T given below to answer
the questions that follow. (The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements).
Eθ (Volts)
P2+ (aq) + 2e P (s) - 2.90
Q2+(aq) + 2e Q (s) -2.36
R+ (aq) + e ½R2 (g) 0.00
S2+ (aq) + 2e S (s) + 0.33
½ T2 (g) + e T- (aq) +2.86
(i) Which element is likely to be hydrogen? Give a reason for your answer.
(1½mks)
(ii) What is the Eθ value of the strongest reducing agent? (1mk)
(iii) A form four student chose S2+(aq) / S(s) as the reference half-cell. Use the space at the
right side of Eθ Volts) to rewrite the Eθ values of the above half-cells. (2½mks)
(iv) In the space provided below draw a labeled diagram of the electrochemical cell that
would be obtained when half-cells of elements Q and S are combined. (3mks)
(b) An iron spoon is placed in an electrochemical cell with AuCl3 solution to be gold plated. How
long must the spoon be in the electrolytic cell if the spoon is to be plated with 0.293 g of Au and the
current of the cell is 1.03A. ( RAM of Au =197; 1F = 96,485 C). (3mks)

6 The diagram below represents a blast furnace used for the extraction of iron.
Charge
mixture
L Tuyere
s
A
B
(a) Name three substances contained in the charge mixture. (1½mks)
(b) Name the substances labeled A and B. (2mks)
A…………………………………………………………………………………………….
B…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Arrange regions J, K and L in order of decreasing temperature. (1mk)

(d) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs in region L. (1mk)
(e) What is the function of the tuyeres? (1mk)
(f) Distinguish between cast iron and wrought iron. (1mk)
(g) Write an equation for the reaction between heated iron and chlorine. (1mk)
(h) Iron-60 is a radioisotope of iron (half-life 2.6 x 106 years). Its ultimate decay product is
nickel-60. Write a nuclear equation for this process.
(Atomic numbers: Fe= 26, Ni= 28) (1mk)
(i) State one use of stainless steel. (½mks)
7. (a) Draw and name all the isomers of C4H6 (2mks)

(b) The following monomers react to form a polymer:
Draw and name the structure of the polymer (2mks)
(c) Chlorofluorocarbons have a wide range of uses. However they have been linked to depletion
of ozone.
(i) Explain the problem caused by depletion of ozone layer. (1mk)
(ii) Give one other environmental problem caused by chlorofluorocarbons. (1mk)
(d) Study the flow chart below and use it to answer the questions that follow.
Conc. H3PO4
Propanol Gas A
Heat
Process W
NaOH(aq) NaOH(s)
Propanoic acid B C
Heat

(i) Name:
I: Process W (½mk)
II: Substances A, B and C (1½mks)
A:
B:
C:
(ii) Write an equation for the combustion of substance C (1mk)
(iii) Give one use of gas A (1mk)
(e) Explain how a sample of propan-1-ol could be distinguished from a sample of propanoic acid by
means of a chemical reaction (2mks)
THIS IS THE LAST PAGE PRINTED.

NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..…
INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………..
233/2
CHEMISTRY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours

1 12
2 12
3 10
4 11
5 13
6 11
7 11
Total score 80

1. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.
a) Identify the following; (2mk)

i) Residue Q-
ii) gas A-
iii) Filtrate Y-
iv) solid J-
b) Name the process taking place in step 1
(1mk)
c) Write balanced chemical equations for the following;

i) an ionic equation that led to the formation of the white precipitate formed in step IV.
(1mk)
ii)an equation of the reaction that led to the formation of white precipitate W
(1mk)

d) Explain the observations that were made in step V (2mk)
e) State the observations that would be made if the product of step III is added ammonia solution
drop wise till in excess.
(1mk)
f) 100cm3 of the blue solution formed in step III was placed in a plastic beaker, its initial
temperature was recorded. Excess magnesium powder was then added and the mixture stirred and
the highest temperature attained recorded. State and explain the observation made in the above
reaction apart from the change in temperature.
(2mk)
2. a) The set up below was used on a sample of an iron iii oxide. Study it and answer the questions
that follow.
i)Identify the gas Q collected ( ½ mk)

ii) What observation is made on the excess iron (III) oxide?
(1 mk)
iii) Write equations for the two reactions that take place in the combustion tube (2mk)
b) Diamond and graphite are both allotropes of carbon explain using structure and bonding why
diamond is hard while graphite is soft. (2mk)
c) The diagram below was used by a form I student from Rami secondary school to prepare a
certain gas. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
i) Identify two mistakes in the set up above. (2mk)
ii) Identify one of its physical properties apart from its solubility in water and one of its uses
(1mk) (1mk)
Property-

Use –
d) A student was supplied with a colourless liquid suspected to be water describe one chemical
test that could have been used to show that the liquid was water
(1½ mk)
3. a)Study the set-up below and answer the questions that follow.
i) Identify the following

ii)Reagent S (½ mk)
iii) Gas G ( ½ mk)
iv) Salt K ( ½ mk)
v) Write balanced chemical equations for reactions that occur at:

Flask I (1mk)

Combustion tube. (1mk)
vi) Name the process that formed salt K as shown in the diagram. (1mk)
vii) Both blue and red litmus papers had been placed in the water in the trough, state and explain
the observations made at the end of the experiment. (1 ½ mk)
b)i) State Graham’s Law of diffusion of gases (1mk)

ii) 100cm3 of carbon (IV) oxide gas takes 75 seconds to diffuse through a porous plate. How long
would it take 120cm3 of nitrogen gas to diffuse through the same plate under the same
conditions.(N=14, O=16, C=12)
(2mk)
c)A mixture of 70cm3 of chlorine gas and 110cm3 of hydrogen gas were exploded. Calculate the
total volume of the resulting gaseous mixture.
(2mk)
4.The following is an extract of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.(The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.

a) What name is given to the group of elements where G and Y belongs? ( ½ mk)
b) i)Write the formulae of the compound formed when elements Y and J reacts. ( ½ mk)
ii) Comment on the electrical conductivity of the compound formed above.

(1mk)
c) Compare
i)The atomic radius of elements Z and E (1 ½ mk)
ii)The reactivity of element J with magnesium metal and that of V with magnesium ( 1 ½ mk)
d) The melting point the chloride of G is much higher than that of the chloride of D. Explain this
observation
(2mk)

e) Use letter T to show the position of an element that forms a trivalent anion that with three
occupied energies levels. (1mk)
f) An element M with a relative atomic mass of 15.2 was found to have 2 isotopes, M- 16 and M-
12. Calculate the percentage abundance of each isotope.
(2mk)
5. a) Define the term enthalpy of formation (1mk)
b) Use the information below to answer the questions that follow:-
i) Draw an energy cycle diagram linking the above enthalpy changes and the enthalpy of
combustion of ethanol
(2mk)

ii)Use the energy cycled diagram to calculate the enthalpy of formation of ethanol.
(1mk)
c) In order to determine the molar of neutralization of sodium hydroxide, 100cm3 of 2M sodium

hydroxide and 100cm3 of 2M hydrochloric acid both at the same initial temperature were mixed
and stirred continuously with a thermometer. The thermometer of the resulting solution was
recorded after every 30 seconds until the highest temperature of the solution was attained.
Thereafter the temperature of the solution was recorded for a further two minutes.
(i) Write an ionic equation for the reaction which took place (1mk)
(ii) The sketch below was obtained when the temperature of the mixture were plotted against time.
Study and answer the questions that follow.
What is the significance of point Y2?

(1mk)
iii). If the heat change in the above reaction was 10,500Joules, and the initial temperature for both
solutions was 22.50C calculate;
I) The highest temperature attained by the mixture.(specific heat capacity of the solution = 4.2Jg -
1 -1
K and the density of the solution = 1.0g/cm3 ) (2mk)

II) The molar heat of neutralization of sodium hydroxide. (1½
mk)
III) Explain how the value of the molar heat of neutralization obtained in this experiment would
compare with the one that would be obtained if the experiment was repeated using 100cm3 of 2M
ethanoic acid instead of hydrochloric acid. (2mk)
6. The following are reduction potentials of some elements, study them and answer the questions
that follow.
a) What is the reduction potential of the strongest reducing agent ( ½ mk)
b) Which element is most likely to be substance J.Explain your answer (1 mk)
c) i)Draw a well labelled diagram for the electrochemical cell that would be formed when elements
G and S are combined . (3mk)

ii)Calculate the electromotive force of the cell formed above. (1mk)
d)During the electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride solution using graphite electrodes, a current of
0.8 ampheres was passed through the cell for two and a half hours.
i)Write an ionic equation for the reaction that occurred at cathode (1mk)
ii)Calculate the volume of the gas produced at anode in cm3 .(1F= 96500coulombs,1 mole of gas
at RTP=24dm3) (3mk)
7. Study the scheme and answer the questions that follow.

a) Name the following substances (1mk)
i) F -
ii) R –
b) Give the names of the processes taking place in the following steps (2mk)
i) Step IV-
ii) Step I-
c) Draw the structural formulae of compound W and give its name (2mk)
d) State the conditions necessary for step VI to take place. (1mk)
e) Draw any two possible isomers of substance Q (2mk)

f) State any two uses of the product of step IV. (1mk)
8. A student reacted excess dilute hydrochloric acid with 12.5grams of an impure calcium
carbonate. The volume of carbon (iv) oxide produced was recorded after every thirty seconds .The
data obtained was recorded in the table below. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
Time in 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270

seconds
Volume of 0 440 840 1230 1530 1720 1840 1860 1860 1860
carbon iv
oxide in
cm3

a) Draw a graph of the volume of carbon (iv) oxide produced against time.
(3mk)
b) Use the graph to determine;

i) The time at which the volume of the gas is 1640cm3 (
½ mk)
ii)The volume of the gas at the 48th second ( ½ mk)
c) Calculate the rate of the reaction at the 165th second (2mk)

d) Calculate percentage purity of the calcium carbonate used ( C=12, O=16,Ca=40, 1 mole of gas
at RTP=24 dm3)
(3mk)

NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..…
INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………..
233/2
CHEMISTRY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours


1 12
2 12
3 10
4 11
5 13
6 11
7 11
Total score 80

1. (a) Study the information given below and answer the questions that follow.
Element Atomic Ionic Formula of Melting Electrical

radius (nm) radius oxide point of conductivity of
(nm) oxide (ºC) oxide in solid or
molten state
A 0.064 0.136 OA2 -224 Does not conduct
B 0.117 0.040 BO2 1710 Does not conduct
C 0.125 0.054 C2O3 2045 Conducts in
molten state
D 0.110 0.212 D2O5 563 Does not conduct
E 0.157 0.095 E2O 1193 Conducts in
molten state
(i) Select two elements, whose oxides have giant ionic structure (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Which element is likely to be silicon? Give a reason. (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
(iii) Explain why the melting point of the oxide of A is lower than that of the oxide of C
(2 marks)
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
(iv) State the nature of the solution formed when oxide of D, D2O5 dissolves in water.
(1 mark)
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................

(b) Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow (The letters do
not represent the actual symbols of the elements)
Element Electronic configuration Electron affinity(kJ/mol)

F 2.7 -322
G 2.8.7 -349
H 2.8.18.7 -325
(i) What chemical family do the elements F, G and H belong? (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
(ii) What is meant by the term electron affinity? (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
(c) When a piece of calcium is placed in cold water, it sinks to the bottom and a colourless gas
that extinguishes a burning splint with a pop sound is produced. Use a simple diagram to
illustrate how this gas can be collected during this experiment. (3 marks)
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
2. (a) Draw the structures of;

(i) the second member of the alkene homologous series ; (1 mark)
................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
(ii) pentanoic acid; (1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
(iii) 1-hexanol. (1 mark)
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
(b) State and explain how propan-1 –ol could be distinguished from propanoic acid (2 marks)
.................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Use the information in the scheme below to answer the questions that follow.
Compound J
Acidified
potassium Step II
dichromate (VI)
Burn
Ethanol Products
Hydrogen
gas Step III
Step I
Step IV
Ethene
Bromine
water Step VI H2/Nickel catalyst/200ºC
Step V
Compound K
Substance L
(i) give the name of ;
(I) compound J (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................................
(II) compound K (1 mark)
.......................................................................................................................................
(ii) Give the name of the reaction which occurs in step V (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................................................
(iii) Write the equation for the chemical reaction in step III (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................................................
(iv) Name the reagent(s) and conditions necessary for the reaction step IV
Reagent(s) (1 mark)
..........................................................................................................................................
Condition (s) (1 mark)

..........................................................................................................................................
(v) State the observations made in step II (1 mark)
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
(d) The two reactions below show how a long chained alkanoic acid can be converted into
detergent M.
Step I
CH2 — C17H35COOH
|
CH — C17H35COOH +3H2O 3C17H35COOH + C3H8O3
|
CH2 — C17H35COOH
Step II
3C17H35COOH + 3NaOH C17H35COONa + 3H2O

(detergent M)
(i) Name the type of reaction in step II (1 mark)
..................................................................................................................................................
(ii) When detergent M is added to a beaker containing hard water a scum is formed. Write
the formula of the scum. (1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................

3 (a) The diagram below represents an industrial process for the manufacture of ammonia.
Study it and answer the questions that follow.
Gas N Hydrogen
Purifier
Compressor
unreacted gases
Condenser Heat
Exchanger
10%
Liquid ammonia
ammonia
Catalytic
chamber
(i) Give the name of;
(I) the process above (1 mark)
.........................................................................................................................................
(II) Gas N (1 mark)
.........................................................................................................................................
(ii) Carbon (IV) oxide, sulphur (VI) oxide and dust are the impurities in this process. Give
a reason why these impurities are removed. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
(iii) Other than iron catalyst, state two optimum conditions for this process (2 marks)
. ..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................
(iv) Give two uses of ammonia (2 marks)
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
(b) Urea, (CO(NH2)2) is prepared by reacting carbon (IV) oxide and ammonia.
(i) Write an equation for the reaction which occurs. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
(ii) 20 kilograms of urea was applied to a farm and 25 kilograms of ammonium nitrate
applied to another farm. Determine the farm enriched with nitrogen.
(C=12, N = 14, O=16, H =1) (4 marks)
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
(c) State and explain what would be observed when aqueous ammonia is added dropwise until in
excess to a solution of copper (II) chloride. (2 marks)
...............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................

4. (a) (i) State Le Chatelier’s principle. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Bromine water can be prepared by dissolving 1 cm3 of liquid bromine in

100 cm3of water. After shaking, the equilibrium below is established.
Br2 (aq) + H2O (l) OBr - (aq) +Br- (aq) +2H+ (aq)
(Yellow) (colourless)
State and explain the effect of adding sodium hydroxide to the above equilibrium
(2 marks)
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(b) Colloidal sulphur may be formed by reacting sodium thiosulphate and dilute hydrochloric
acid shown in the equation below.
Na2S2O3(aq) +2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + S(s) +SO2(g) + H2O (l)
(i) State and explain the effect of increase in temperature on the rate of the reaction
above. (2 marks)
....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Other than temperature name one factor that can alter the rate of the reaction in
b (i) (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................
.
(c) 2.50 grams of a calcium carbonate was reacted with excess 1.8 M hydrochloric acid. The
volume of carbon (IV) oxide evolved measured and recorded at 10 second intervals. The
results were recorded as shown in the table below.
Time (seconds) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
volume of gas ( cm3) 0 150 295 420 525 580 600 600 600
(i) (I) On the grid provided, plot a graph of volume (vertical axis) against time.
(3 marks)
(II) From your graph, determine the rate of reaction at 37th second.
(3 marks)

..........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
5. (a) The table below shows the standard reduction potentials for four half cells. Study it and
Number Half -reaction E0volts

I Ag+ (aq) + 2ē Ag (s) + 0.80
II Cu2+(aq) + 2ē Cu (s) + 0.34
III Pb2+(aq) + 2ē Pb (s) - 0.13
IV Fe2+(aq)+ 2ē Fe (s) - 0.44
(i) Identify the strongest oxidizing agent (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Explain why it’s not advisable to store a solution of silver nitrate in a container made
of lead (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) In the space provided, draw a labeled diagram of the electrochemical cell that
would be obtained when half-cell of copper and iron are combined.
(3 marks)

(iv) Calculate the E  of the electrochemical cell constructed in (iii) above. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) During the electrolysis of aqueous copper (II) sulphate using copper electrodes, a current
of 0.75 A was passed through the cell for 3 hours and 45 minutes.
(i) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that took place at the anode. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Determine the change in mass of the anode which occurred as a result of the
electrolysis process. (Cu=63.5 1 F = 96,500C) (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. The flow chart below shows the extraction of zinc from zinc ore(s). Study it and answer the
questions that follow
Gas Q Carbon (IV) oxide
Zinc Solid R Roaster

Roaster Calamine
blende
Oxygen
gas
Limestone Reduction
Chamber
Molten Zinc
(i) Give the formula of the ores;
I zinc blende (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
II Calamine (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Give the name of;

Solid R….……………………………………………………………………(1 mark)
Gas Q ……………………………………………………………………......(1 mark)
(iii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction that produces Zinc metal (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) What is the purpose of adding limestone in the reduction chamber? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(v) Give two uses of zinc metal other than galvanizing iron (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(vi)
Name two other industries that can be established alongside the zinc extraction plant
(2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….........................
(vii) State one way in which the extraction of zinc causes air pollution (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7 (a) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.
Dil. sulphuric (VI) acid Solution R and

Solid Q
Colourless gas S
Step I
3 drops of aqueous
Step II
sodium hydroxide
White precipitate T
Step III Excess aqueous

sodium hydroxide
Colourless solution U
(i) Identify
I Solid Q (1 mark)
........................................................................................................................................
II Colourless gas S (1 mark)
..........................................................................................................................................
(ii) Give the formula of the compound in solution U (1 mark)
...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction in step II (1 mark)
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
(iv) Give two uses of white precipitate T (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Calculate the number of sulphate ions present in 24.0 cm3 of 0.25 M aluminium sulphate
solution. (L = 6.0 × 1023) (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………..……THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE…………………………….

NAME:……………………………………………………… STREAM………………..…
INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………..
233/2
CHEMISTRY
Theory
Paper 2
Time: 2 Hours

1 12
2 12
3 10
4 11
5 13
6 11
7 11
Total score 80

1. The grid below shows part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
A B C D
E F
G
H
(a) Give the name of the family to which element F belongs. (1mk)
(b) Identify an element which forms a stable divalent anion (1mk)
(c) Give the formula of:

(i) The compound formed between A and B (½mk)
(ii) The sulphate of H (½mk)
(d) Using dot(.) and cross(x) diagram, show the bonding in the compound formed between E
and C. (2mks)
(e) Compare the atomic radii of elements C and D. Explain. (2mks)

(f) Select the element that has the lowest ionization energy. Explain. (1mk)
(g) 0.081g of element A reacts with 20cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid. Calculate the molarity of
the hydrochloric acid. (R.A.M = 27) (3mks)
(h) The graph below shows the trend of the melting points and the boiling points of the family
to which element G belongs. Explain the trend in the melting points. (2mks)

2. (a) (i) What is a fuel? (1
mk)
(ii) Calculate the heating value of propane, C3H8, given that its molar enthalpy of
combustion is 2200 kJ mol-1. . (2 mks)
(C=12, H=1)
(b) (i) Define molar enthalpy of combustion. (1 mk)
(ii) Use the information provided by the thermochemical equations below to calculate the
molar enthalpy of combustion of ethyne. (3 mks)
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) ∆H= -394 kJ mol-1
H2(g) + ½O2(g) H2O(g) ∆H= -286 kJ mol-1
2C(s) + H2(g) C2H2(g) ∆H= +226 kJ mol-1

(c) Study the data given below and answer the questions that follow.
Substance/ion Enthalpy change

CaCl2(s) Lattice energy = -2237 kJ mol-1
Ca2+(g) Hydration energy = -1650 kJ mol-1
Cl-(g) Hydration energy = -364 kJ mol-1
(i) Determine the molar enthalpy of solution of calcium chloride in water. (2 mks)
(ii) Draw an energy level diagram for the dissolution of calcium chloride in water.
(3 mks)

3. (a) The diagram below shows the preparation of an oxide of nitrogen. Study the diagram and
Flask M
Mixture of
ammonium
sulphate Heat
and solid D Gas jar
Oxide of nitrogen
(Gas L)
(i) Name the solid D. (1mk)
(ii) Write the equation for the reaction in the flask M (1mk)
(iii) Burning magnesium ribbon was lowered into the gas jar containing gas L. State and
explain the observations made. (2mks)
(iv) Write the two equations for the reactions taking place in (iii) above. (2mks)
I.
II.

(v) A drop of water was added to the product formed in (iii) above. A colourless gas K with
a choking smell was produced. Write the chemical equation for the production of gas K
(1mk)
(b) (i) Give two uses for nitric (V) acid. (2mks)
(ii) A factory uses nitric (V) acid and ammonia gas as the only reactants for the preparation of
ammonium nitrate. If the daily production of the ammonium nitrate is 4800kg, calculate the
mass of ammonia gas used daily in kg. (N=14.0, O = 16.0 H= 1.0) (3 mks)
4. A group of form four students of Cockelbet Secondary School carried out an experiment to
determine the solubility of potassium chlorate. The table below shows the results obtained.
Total volume of water added(cm3) 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0

Mass of KClO3(g) 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Temperature at which crystals appear(0C) 80.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 30.0
Solubility of KClO3(g/100gH2O)
(a) Complete the table to show the solubility of KClO3 at different temperatures. (3mks)

(b) Plot a graph of mass of KClO3 per 100g water against temperature at which crystals form.
(3mks)
(c) From the graph, determine ;

(i) The solubility of KClO3 at 40oC. (1mk)
(ii) The temperature at which the solubility of KClO3 is 35g/100g water. (1mk)
(d) Explain the shape of the graph. (1mk)

(e) State one application of solubility and solubility curves. (1mk)
5. (a) Use the standard reduction potentials for elements P, Q, R, S and T given below to answer
the questions that follow. (The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements).
Eθ (Volts)
P2+ (aq) + 2e P (s) - 2.90
Q2+(aq) + 2e Q (s) -2.36
R+ (aq) + e ½R2 (g) 0.00
S2+ (aq) + 2e S (s) + 0.33
½ T2 (g) + e T- (aq) +2.86
(i) Which element is likely to be hydrogen? Give a reason for your answer.
(1½mks)
(ii) What is the Eθ value of the strongest reducing agent? (1mk)
(iii) A form four student chose S2+(aq) / S(s) as the reference half-cell. Use the space at the
right side of Eθ Volts) to rewrite the Eθ values of the above half-cells. (2½mks)
(iv) In the space provided below draw a labeled diagram of the electrochemical cell that
would be obtained when half-cells of elements Q and S are combined. (3mks)
(b) An iron spoon is placed in an electrochemical cell with AuCl3 solution to be gold plated. How
long must the spoon be in the electrolytic cell if the spoon is to be plated with 0.293 g of Au and the
current of the cell is 1.03A. ( RAM of Au =197; 1F = 96,485 C). (3mks)

6 The diagram below represents a blast furnace used for the extraction of iron.
Charge
mixture
L Tuyere
s
A
B
(a) Name three substances contained in the charge mixture. (1½mks)
(b) Name the substances labeled A and B. (2mks)

A…………………………………………………………………………………………….
B…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Arrange regions J, K and L in order of decreasing temperature. (1mk)
(d) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs in region L. (1mk)
(e) What is the function of the tuyeres? (1mk)
(f) Distinguish between cast iron and wrought iron. (1mk)
(g) Write an equation for the reaction between heated iron and chlorine. (1mk)
(h) Iron-60 is a radioisotope of iron (half-life 2.6 x 106 years). Its ultimate decay product is
nickel-60. Write a nuclear equation for this process.
(Atomic numbers: Fe= 26, Ni= 28) (1mk)
(i) State one use of stainless steel. (½mks)

7. (a) Draw and name all the isomers of C4H6 (2mks)
(b) The following monomers react to form a polymer:
Draw and name the structure of the polymer (2mks)
(c) Chlorofluorocarbons have a wide range of uses. However they have been linked to depletion
of ozone.
(i) Explain the problem caused by depletion of ozone layer. (1mk)
(ii) Give one other environmental problem caused by chlorofluorocarbons. (1mk)

(d) Study the flow chart below and use it to answer the questions that follow.
Conc. H3PO4
Propanol Gas A
Heat
Process W
NaOH(aq) NaOH(s)
Propanoic acid B C
Heat
(i) Name:
I: Process W (½mk)
II: Substances A, B and C (1½mks)
A:
B:
C:
(ii) Write an equation for the combustion of substance C (1mk)
(iii) Give one use of gas A (1mk)
(e) Explain how a sample of propan-1-ol could be distinguished from a sample of propanoic acid by
means of a chemical reaction (2mks)


CHEM PP2 KCSE 2024 PREDICTION TRIALS with answers

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHEM PP2 KCSE 2024 PREDICTION TRIALS with answers

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

KCSE 2024 PREDICTION TRIALS

FOR MARKING SCHEMES

KENYA EDUCATORS CONSULTANCY

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online

INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………..

KCSE 2024 TOP PREDICTION MASTER TRIAL 1

Questions Maximum score Candidates score

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online

i. Define the term radio isotope. (1mk)

ii. Find the value of a and b. (1mk)

iii. Identify the actual symbol of x. (1mk)

ii. State why it is necessary to lower the temperatures. (1mk)

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online

f) Why is sodium used in nuclear reactors? (1mk)

a) Write the electronics configuration of the following element. (1mk)

ii. Positively charged

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online

e) Explain the following observations.

ii. Melting point of J is higher than that of F. (1mk)

f) When a piece of element G is placed on water, it melts and a hissing sound is

ii. Write a chemical equation between element G and water. (1mk)

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online

i. Names the processes in steps (1mk)

iii. Identify substances (1mk)

iv. State the observation in step III. (1mk)

v. Write the equation for the reaction in step IV. (1mk)

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online

a) Name the following (2mks)

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online

ii. Gas P. (1mk)

e) State two uses of oxygen gas. (2mks)

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online

ii. Calculate the heat change during the reaction

iii. Determine the molar heat of displacement of copper by magnesium. (2mks)

iv. Write the ionic equation for the reaction. (1mk)

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online

ii) Calculate the EӨ value for the cell above. (1mk)

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online

b. Use the graph to;

ii. Determine the molar concentration of ammonium phosphate at 17 0c. (2mks)

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online

INDEX. NO.…………………………………………………... DATE…………………..

KCSE 2024 TOP PREDICTION MASTER TRIAL 2

Questions Maximum score Candidates score

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online at

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online at

ii) Name process A (1mk)

2.Air was passed through several reagents as shown below

CHAMBER 1 CHAMBER 2 CHAMBER 3

(a) Name the main inactive component of air (1mk)

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online at

d) Write a chemical equation for thereaction which takes place in :-

II. Chamber4 (1mk)

3. (a) Draw and name two isomers of Pentane (2mks)

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online at

(i) Name process J, K and T (3mks)

(ii) State the reagents necessary for processed J and K (1mk)

C) Describe how burning can distinguish CH2CH2 from CH3CH3 (2mks)

©KNEC 2024 [Contact 0724333200 for Marking Schemes or Order online at

a) Identify the elements in period 1 (1mk)

d) Write down the electronic configurations of elements Y and W