‘Wahdania, Fitria Porodjia, and Srikit Nurkamide Protein Test With Chemical Solution In Identifying Nutrient Content In Food Material such functions involve one or more proteins. The basic structure of proteins is amino acids. Where there are 20 amino acids that make up proteins, they all have a certain structural shape. This form is a carboxylic acid group (COOH) and an amino base group (-NH 2). Therefore, what distinguishes the shape from the other is the building chain of its structure. Amino acids of proteins are connected by peptide bonds between carboxyl groups and their amino a form linear polymers Bh Protein contains benzene-laced amino acids, if added concentrated nitric acid will settle with white deposits that can tum yellow when heated. Nitro compounds formed in alkaline atmospheres will be ionized and their color will turn older or orange. This reaction is based on the nitration test of benzene nuclei contained in protein molecules into yellow intri compounds {5}. Proteins have a variety of different biological functions, namely as enzyme catalysts, transport and storage, mechanical functions, movement, protection, and information processes (121 Protein is derived from the Greek proteos, which means the main or the first ‘The word was introduced by dutch chemist Geraldus Mulder (1802-1880). He argues that protein is the most important substance in any organism, Protein molecules contain elements C, H, O, and special elements contained in proteins and fare not present in carbohydrate and fat molecules are nitrogen (N) [1] Protein is a food substance that is very important for the body, because this substance in addition to functioning as fuel in the body also serves as a building and regulatory substance. Protein is a source of amino acids containing elements C,H, O, and N that are not owned by fats oF carbohydrates. Protein molecules also EASSN: 2746-167X, Vol Tournal of Health, Technology and Science GHTS) contain phosphorus, sulfur, and there are types of proteins that contain metal elements such as iron and copper [2] Based on the source protein is classified as two, namely animal protein and vegetable protein. Animal protein is Protein in foodstuffs derived from animals. Examples of proteins from meat, milk protein, and so on. Vegetable protein is a protein derived from plant food Examples of proteins from com, from ‘wheat, and so on [10]. Protein means "first or foremost” is the most abundant macromolecule in ces and makes up more than half the dry weight of almost any organism. Amino acids, protein structure units, and simple Peptides, which consist of several amino acids combined by peptide bonds. Protein Structure consisting of polypeptides that have a very long chain, composed of ‘many units of amino acids (7) Nitrogen is the main clement of protein as much as 16% of the protein weight, Protein molecules also contain phosphorus, sulfur, and there are types of Proteins that contain metal elements such as copper and iron [8] ‘An amino acid is usually classified as a molecule that has both carboxyl and a- amino a and chemically a distinctive side chain (R group) attached to the carbon-a (81. Protein quality can be defined as the efficiency of protein use by the body.2 The quality of protein is determined by the type and proportion of amino acids it contains. In principle protein that can Provide essential amino acids ina comparison that equals human needs, has a high quality. In contrast, proteins that lack one or more essential amino acids have low quality [8] Protein classification based on its bilogy function consists of: enzymes, building proteins, contractile proteins transporting proteins, hormone proteins toxic. proteins, protective proteins, and ipsljournal.ubmng ac idindex php JHTS) cr‘The Journal of Organic Chemistry drug development, especially for accurate measurements of ‘pharmacokinetics and pharmacodysumics ‘There is a sirong demand for developing new and ecient synthetic methods as well as expanding the avaiabiity of wermile Auorine-containing synthetic building blocks and intermediates to promote medicinal chemistry, chemical ology, and molecular imaging research!" ‘The linited avalabisty of fuorochemical for biooeganic and medicinal chemistry az well a pharmaceutical and agrochemnical applications is mainly dae to the exceptional properties and Iratardous nature of fluorine and fuorochemical xources. Alo, in many’ cases synthetic methods developed for ordinary conpanic molecies do ot work well for fuorochemidl because ‘oftheir unique reactivity" Therefore, the new and efiient synthetic methods applicable to organcluorine coms icing " radotracen, need to be-continoosaly developed. "This Penpective war commisioned an the occasion of may receiving the 2013 ACS Award for Creative Work in Fluorine Chemistry. Accordingly, I would Ike to review the research strategy and programs in my Lboratory in the last three decades in perspective, which would be wef to foresee the future diections in organofluorine chemistry at the roulty lsctplinary interface of themicry and bislogy 1. EXPLORATION OF ORGANOFLUORINE CHEMISTRY BBY MEANS OF TRANSITION-METAL CATALYSIS DMy fr encounter with “Brine chemistry” was inthe I 19704, when Tw 3. Group Leader for organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis as well as organic tyrthess at the Sagaml ltt n Japan, At that te, the Teach coundl ef the instwte dedded to add “Buorine Chemistry to one of tis raeye research areas. To ma, one of the mow inspirational reports back then wat the bold apetiments done by Laland Clark"! In tls popes, Clack GEmonutrated the capablity of perfuoracabone (PECs) to ALiver ony to ang mouse placed deep in 2 beaker led weth PCE which deaty imped the exraordinaryaatere of the wodd of "orine” OF coun, funeopslymeny especially “Teflons, Suorosicones, coobints/eefigerants, extinguisher, scenes, ey ware the repesentitve Haorocherleis conv toonly teed i dally Me. As for pharmaceutical drugs, only FU ws wy angel ilo by Sefer rom 9 strate pola of view buted on emetic ongnte chemistry, T reviewed and ciel anslynd potential new Eels of research The, | foued that the sete method by tneane af homogeneous catalyte were virtually nonexttent in fori chemicy, Accordingly, I decided to explore the intertce of traditional fuorine cherry and tranditow meta catalysed reactions to eetabeh new and interplay Teteach progam in my [abortoy "We tated our search bors the development of () ‘unique hydrocbonylaiont of faorlaine tht would provide peat ltermedintes forthe rtheis of a vacty of Erginolverine compounds and (i) one-pot multistep proceses cxpating the cobabvetlyaed amidocacbonylation Gadde ae 3 Hey unit reaction since the eaction woud ferakhs Important fandimental Bocerlcal, ey Nery dino ach, from an aldehyde, amide, carbon monoside, and iehoges, This sesh progam proceeded enocttly, Keating to wucesl finding of (i) the nique ad remarkable eft cf enpefioeine sabettuents on the ngiorlectivty tn the tydrocarbonyation: af fuera olefin and the appeation ofthe highly regioselective Iydroformylation to the symthess of ‘fuoro-amino acids, (i) a novel uresdocarbonylation process ‘that gives S(rileeromethyl)dabydrourais in one step and (ia) the bydoformylation—amidocarbonylation af fluoro- ‘oleinsestalyzed by Co~Rh mixednetal systems ‘Although this program was initiated at the Sagar Institut in Japan, Limoved to the State University of Nev York at Stony Beka 18 ad ted th orto nd pin of the scope of the research pro 1.1, Hydroformylation of Fluoro-olefns. Hyduformy- lution of alkenes i important for the practical synthesis of aldehydes," and extensire studies were performed on the sdetaled mechanism of the seaction at well at applctions to ‘organic syntheses by the carly 19805" Linie was known Ihowever, about the reactions of alkenes bearing perflsoroallyl fr petuocoaryl substituents when we sated ur investipn tion It has been shown that the introduction of triluoromethyl or a foroaromatic” group ito. organic ‘compounds often bring about unique chemiil and biologi properties" Thus, the development of new synthetic Inethods that can introduce these acre groups ficiently and selectively to the deszed molecules from really avalable ‘materiale had an obvious sigeificance In this respect, ‘commercially salable uoroolein such as 3.,Srifluoropro- ‘pene (TFP), vinyl flaoeide (VE), and pentafluoroxtyrene (PES) ‘were recogiized as very useful starting materi. Thus, we studied the hydroformlation of 2 variety of Hsoro-olefin (eq 1) a one of our approaches to the funetionalztions of these ect +60 +H RoncKcHO + Remejncno io i RI“, CF Fs Ca. CaF Gos Duading blocks by means of transition-metal catalysts, Then, re ound unusually high regioselectities and 3 remarkable dependency of the regoseectvties of the reaction on the ‘etlyst metal species, which wat unique in corparson withthe Ihpdroformplation of ordinary alkenes" 1.1.1. Remarkable Dependence of Regioselectvity an the ‘Catalyst Metal Species. The hydrfrmylation of TEP wat ‘eared out with Co;(CO)« Ruy(CO); Rhg(CO).. and PYCL (DIOP}/SaCty, which are typical hydoformylation catalyst, st 100 °C and 100 atm (CO/H, = 1) forthe Co, Py, and Re ‘eatalyss and at 80 °C and 110 atm (CO/H, = 1) for the Rh ‘eatalyst (Scheme 1." The rescion of TRP catalyzed by ‘Co,(CO), gave {tridvoromethy)propanals (TFMPAs) in 95% yield, in ‘which 2 “normal” (or linest) aldehyde, Scheme 1. Hyderaformplation of TEP Catalyzed by Co, Pt, ‘Ru, and Rh complexes rors ace crown sen epee, —|_ soon ere came Bran criglecneno @-rruen) a ino 436) ‘vos tiam ta 00%eJOC rete pubacsargioe Exploration of Fluorine Chemistry at the Multidisciplinary Interface of Chemistry and Biology Iwao Ojima* Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chetnical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brock University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States, ABSTRACT: Over the last three decades, may engagement chemistey” has evalved substantially because of the mu the research programa. I began my research career at a ay orgnometallechemktry and homogeneou cay Steed tvard pet Tha Light oy gu eras ey 1 the end of 1970 1 arte emplaig the ttre of foxinechemity and “mn ne oes ai et wich wo fled by tino acide, for medicinal chemistey. Since then, 1 have pa ela aoa of ees aed mult Bel ceri ls perspective intends to cover my coon fine chernstry atthe multihaciplinary sterFace and biology in a chronological order to show the evolution of my reseatch interest and strategy, fe doen ko ein chemist, chem bol, cane bey and in “horine nature of ‘of chemistry 1 INTRODUCTION ‘The eatraotdinay potenti of Puorine-coatsining bialoglly relevant molecules. in peptde/protein chemistry, medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, pharmacology, drug discovery at well as dagnostic and therapeutic applications was recognized by researchers who are not inthe wadiional forine chemistry fii, and thus 2 new wave of fluorine chemistry has been rapilly expanding its Blomedical frontiers. In fac the inmportance of uorine in bioorganic and medieinsl chemistry has been demonstrated by large number of fuorinated cormpounds approved by” the FDA for medical use.‘ scoring to our survey in 2008, 138 luorine-contaning drags have received FDA approval for human diseases (of which 28, however, have been discontinued fom the market), Wile 33 ae curently in use for veterinary appliations* These statistics make fluorine the “second-favorte heteroatom’ afer nitrogen in drug design ‘Small atomic ead; high electroneyativity, neler spin of 1/ 2, and Low polaicabilty af the C—F bond are among the spec Properties that render fluorine so attractive. These atomic properties trandate widely Into equally appeating attibutes of Fluoroorganic compounds. Higher metabolic sabilty, often Increased binding to. target molecles, and incrested hp ‘optilicty and membeane permeability are some of the properties asociated with the replacement of a C=H or C= © ‘bond with a C=F bond in biologically active compounds Because ofthe resogntes vale of fosing, itis new a sommon prctie im drug eiscovery to study fhoro-analogues of lead compounds under development. 1 should be noted hat in 21006 the best and the second bestselling drugs ithe would were Lipitor (atorvastatin calcium) (by Pier/ Ase; $144 Diliiyeas) and: Advaie (USA) seteide(EU) (a micture of SW ACS Publications ©2018 Amn hen ey os fluticasone propionate and salmeterel) (by GlaxoSmithKline {$6.1 illion/year), which contain one and thre fluorine atoms respectively.” These huge succenes of fuorine-containing dre Aeep stimulating research om fluorine in medicinal chemistry for drug discovery. As suehy itis ot am exaggeration to say that every ew drug discovery and development today explores fluorine containing drug candidates without exception ‘Although medicinal chemists have been iniroducng aorine into bioactive molecules on the bass of experience and fntuition, iti only secenly that experimental and computa: tional studies have been eondlcted to better understand ow the introsucton of fluorine inte smal drug molecules ress in higher binding affinities and selectivity ® An understanding of how the replacement of H with F affects the electronic nature and conformation of small molecules & crac for predicting the interaction of fuorvorganic molecules with proteins and enzymes. In addition, "F NMR. has found numerous sppliestions to moleclae imaging and promoted the develop. iment of molecule probes for imaging, The sensiity of ™F NMR spectroscopy, along with large F—'H. coupling constants and the virtual absence of "F in living tissues makes incorporation of forine inte bioactive compounds particustly power tool foe the investigation of biological processes’~* Also, applications of "F-PET (positron emission tomography), powerful in vivo imaging technology in oncology, neuslogy, psychiatry, edology, and other medial spedates, have already become an esientiat part of medica ce, In addition, "F-DET hs emerged at an insportast too in Receieds Febuary 8, 2013 Palle: Ape 24, 2013 eB iL dy ha 8 tsThe Journal of Organic Chemistry JULYS,2013 © VOLUME78, NUMBER 13 pubcacs.org/joc ’ Organometallic Chemistry and bef re cihy Organofluorine Chemistry Ve oe. Pair) ACS Publications wweniacs.org ‘mos must. osy TO. MoKT HEADWahdania, Fitria Porodiia, and Srikit Nurkamiden Protein Text With Chemical Solution In Identifying Nutrient Content In Food Material such functions involve one or more proteins. The basic structure of proteins is amino acids. Where there are 20 amino acids that make up proteins, they all have certain structural shape. This form is a carboxylic acid group (COOH) and an amino base group (-NH 2). Therefore, what distinguishes the shape from the other is the building chain of its structure. ‘Amino acids of proteins are connected by Peptide bonds between carboxyl groups and their amino a form linear polymers 13]. Protein contains benzene-laced amino if added concentrated nitric acid All settle with white deposits that can tum yellow when heated. Nitro compounds formed in alkaline atmospheres will be ionized and their color will tum older or orange. This reaction is based on the nitration test of benzene nuclei contained in protein molecules into yellow intri compounds 151 Proteins have a variety of different biological functions, namely as enzyme catalysts, transport and storage, mechanical functions, movement, Protection, and information process 12. Protein is derived from the Greek proteos, which means the main or the first. The word was introduced by dutch chemist Geraldus Mulder (1 802-1880). He argues that protein is the most important substance in any organism. Protein molecules contain elements C, H, O, and special elements contained in proteins and fare not present in carbohydrate and fat molecules are nitrogen (N) [1]. Protein is a food substance that is very important for the body, because this substance in addition to functioning as fuel in the body also serves as a building and regulatory substance. Protein is a source of amino acids containing elements C,H, O, and IN that are not owned by fats or carbohydrates. Protein molecules also EASSN: 2746-167X, Vol. 2, No. 4, Dec. 2021 - pp. 22-30 contain phosphorus, sulfur, and there are types of proteins that contain metal elements such as iron and copper [2] Based on the source protein is classified as two, namely animal protein and vegetable protein. Animal protein is a protein in foodstuffs derived from animals. Examples of proteins from meat, milk protein, and so on. Vegetable protein is a protein derived from plant food, Examples of proteins from corn, from wheat, and so on [10] Protein means "first or foremost” the most abundant macromolecule in cells and makes up more than half the dry weight of almost any organism. Amino acids, protein structure units, and simple peptides, which consist of several amino acids combined by peptide bonds. Protein structure consisting of polypeptides that have a very long chain, composed of ‘many units of amino acids [7] Nitrogen is the main element of protein as much as 16% of the protein weight. Protein molecules also contain phosphorus, sulfur, and there are types of proteins that contain metal elements such as copper and iron [8]. An amino acid is usually classified as a molecule that has both carboxy! and a- amino « and chemically a distinctive side chain (R group) attached to the carbon-a [8]. Protein quality can be defined as the efficiency of protein use by the body.2 The quality of protein is determined by the type and proportion of amino acids it contains. In principle a protein that can provide essential amino acids in a comparison that equals human needs, has a high quality. In contrast, proteins that lack one or more essential amino acids have low quality [8] Protein classification based on its bilogy function consists of: enzymes, building proteins, contractile proteins, transporting proteins, hormone proteins, toxic proteins, protective proteins, and hps:i/jourmals.ubmg.ac.idfindex.php/JHTS/ Tournal of Healih, Technology and Science OATS) 23PROTEIN TEST WITH CHEMICAL SOLUTION IN IDENTIFYING NUTRIENT CONTENT IN FOOD MATERIAL Wahdania”, Fitria Porodjia”, and Srikit Nurkamiden® ‘23) University of Bina Mandiri Gorontalo E-mail: wahdanial 7jul @gmail.com ABSTRACT ‘This study aims to find out the four factors that because proteins can be denatured, Knowing the solubility of proteins, as well as Knowing the bond of peptides in proteins, the presence of free and aromatic amino. ‘The method used in this study is qualitative research that is descriptive, with sampling techniques that use purposive sampling method. The results showed that observations of protein denaturation that aims to see the presence of deposits in milk and the results obtained that does not occur precipitation, deposition by metals as for the results obtained that is only raw egg whites that do not occur precipitation while for the other 3 samples occur precipitation, ‘The results of the precipitation test by alcohol obtained that tubes 1 and 2 there are no deposits while for tube 3 there are deposits, protein solubility test is obtained that the sample 1,2,4 insoluble and there are deposits while for cheese samples are only insoluble. biuret test observations obtained the occurrence of discoloration in the sample. As for the Xanthoprotein test obtained results from the sample 1,2,4 there was a change in sediment and color while for samples 3 and 5 Only changes in sediment. Keywords: proteins, chemical solut INTRODUCTION Food is a basic human need to live life. Food consumed must have the nutrients needed by the human body for the growth, development, maintenance and repair of body tissues, which are utilized directly by the body which includes proteins, vitamins, minerals, fats and waterProtein (protos yang. berarti “paling utama”) adalah senyawa organik kompleks yang mempunyai bobot molekul tinggi yang merupakan polimer dari monomer-monomer asam amino yang di hubungkan satu sama lain dengan ikatan peptida (61. Protein is a very important biomolecule. Some functions of proteins are as catalysts (enzymes), transport and storage, causes of movement, immune system support, formation and ‘Submit: Okt 5, 2021 Accepted: Dee s, nutrients transmission of nerve impulses, growth control and differentiation, supporting structural rigidity, and others. Protein- forming monomers, amino acids, also play an important role in the metabolism of living cells. These roles are as substrates for protein synthesis, nitrogen suppliers for the synthesis of compounds containing other nitrogen, and energy sources when catabolized [11], High protein has an assortment class in biomolecular. Starting from differences in chemical properties, such as weight, shape, size and soluble power, making it possible to carry out many biological functions. ‘These functions include enzyme catalysts, metabolic regulation, binding and transporting small molecules, gene regulation, immunology defenses and cell structure. Cellular activity and 188, 2021 Published: Dec 284, 2021 Tournal of Health, Technology and Science UHTS) — ISSN: 2746-1678 22Research & Reviews: Journal of Medi inal & Organic Chemistry ‘Organic Compounds: Insights into Their Structure, Properties, and Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciemiciar Recelved: 02.Jun-2022, ‘Manuscript No.JOMC-22-56012: Editor assigned: 03-Jun-2022, Pre QC No, JOMC22- '560:12(PQ): Remlewed: 17-Jun- 2022, QC No. JOMG-22.56012; Revised: 24-Jun-2022, Manuscript No. JOMC-22- '56012(R); Published: 30-Jun 2022, DOK: 10.4172/1 Med. xgnichem.08 81.002 "For Correspondence: Pourya Zarshenas, Department ‘of Chemistry Giacomo ‘Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, taly matt ‘dr pouryazarshenss@yshoo.com Applications Pourya Zarshenas * University of Bologna, Belogn 3 Htaly ‘Short Communication DESCRIPTION In chemistry, mayy authors consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon-tydrogen or carbon-carben bonds, although the definition of ‘organic* versus "inorganic" varies from author to author, and |e. topic of dekate. Far example, methane (CH4} is considered organic, but whether halides of earbon without hydrogen (e.g. carbon tetrachloride CCI4) are organic or inorganic varies from author to author. Bue to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. Far historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g. carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with 2 few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide), are not classified as organic compourds and are considered inorganic. Other than those justnamed, little consensus exists among chemists on precisely which carbon-containing compounds are excluded, making any rigorous definition of an organic compound elusive. Although organic compaunds make up only a small percentage of Earth's crust, they are of central importance because all known life is based on organic compounds. Living things incorporate inorganic carton compounds into organic compounds through a network of processes (the carbon eycle) that begins with the conversion of carbon dioxide and a hydrogen source like water into simple sugars and otter organic molecules by autotrophic organisms using light (photosynthesis) or other sources of energy. Most synthetizally produced arganic compounds are ultimately derived from petrochemicals consisting mainly of hydrocarbons, which are themselves formed from the high pressure and temperature degradation of organic matter underground over geological timescales, This utimate derivation notwithstanding, organic compounds are no longer defined as compounds origirating in living things, a8 they were historically. in chemical nomenclature, an organyl group, frequently represented by the letter R, refers to any monovalent substituent whose open valance is on a earban ator. RRIOMC| Volume 9| Sp Issue 1 June, 2022 3Research & Reviews: Journal of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of carbon-cantaining compounds, such as carbides, carbonates (excluding carbonate esters), simple axides of carbon (for example, CO and CO2),and eyanides are considered inorganic. Different forms (allotropes) of pure carbon, such as diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes are also excluded because they are simple substances composed of only a single element and therefore are not generally ‘considered to be chemical compounds. The relatively narravr definition of organic compounds as those containing C-H bonds excludes compounds that are (historically and practically) considered organic. Neither urea nor oxalic acid are organie by this dafinition, yet they were two key compounds in the vitalism debate. The IUPAC Blue Book on organic nomenclature specifically mentions urea and oxalic acid. Other compounds lacking ¢-H bonds buttraditionally considered organic include benzenehexol, mesoxalic acid, and carbon tetrachloride. Mellitic acid, which contains no G-H bands, is, considered a possible organic substance in Martian soll, Terrestrially, i, and its anhydride, melitic anhydride, are asgoriated with the mineral melita, L. Nagao M, et al. Meta-Analysis of Interleukin Polymorphisms and NSAID Usage Indicates Correlations to the Risk of Developing Cancer. Int J Genomic Med.2044; 2: 113. 2. DeSimone RW, Privileged structures: applications in drug discovery. Comb Chem High Through Sereen. 2004; 494. 3. Gaba M, et al C.Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 4, 2, 5-Substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives ‘as Gasttoprotective Antiinflammatery and Analgesic Agents.2045. 4. Heck 16, et al Subclinical Processes in the Development of Type Two Diabetes. J Nov Physiother. 2015:5:246. 5. DeSimone RW. Privileged structures: applications in drug discovery. Comb Chem High Through Screen 2004:7: 473- 494. 73 RIOMC| Volume 9] Sp issue 1|lune, 2022HAL open science Ss Identification and Quantification of Any Isoforms of Carbohydrates by 2D UV-MS Fingerprinting of Cold Tons Erik Saparbaev, Wladimir Kopysov, Viktoriia Aladinskaia, Vincent Ferriéres, Lanrent Legentil, Oleg V Boyarkin » To cite this version: Erik Saparbaey, Viadimir Kopysov, Viktorita Aladinskaia, Vincent Ferridres, Laurent Legentil, et al Identification and Quantification of Any Isoforms of Carbohydrates by 2D UV-MS Fingerprinting of Cold Ions. Analytical Chemistry, 2020, 92 (21), pp.14624-14632. 10.1021 /acs.analchem. 0003122 hal-02998979 HAL Id: hal-02998979 https; //hal.science/hal-02998979 Submitted on 5 Jan 2021 HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of set entific research documents, whether they are pub Liarchive ouverte pluridiseiplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépat et & la diffusion de documents scientifiques de nivean recherche, publiés aw non, lished or not. The documents may’ co teaching and research institutions in Franee at abroad, or from public or private research centers, émanant des établissements denseignement et. de recherche francais ou étrangers, des laboratoives publics ou privés,Carbohydrates are ubiquitous in nature. Their various biological functions range from being a fuel for our brain and signalling the state of living cells to antimicrobial defence of infants! and shielding viruses from recognition by human immune system.” The tremendous isomeric diversity of carbohydrates allows nature to assign glyeans of specific structures to each function of this variety, but it also makes identification of these isoforms challenging,’ ‘The composition of glycans of the same mass may differ by the monosaccharide units this polymer is composed of, by their order, linkage (1-+3, 1-64, ete. and o/s) and branching. The structural difference between the isomeric monosaccharide units includes orientation of hydroxyl groups (epimers and cy anomers), the ring size (e.g., pyranose and furanose) and the absolute configuration (D or £). Natural modifications, such as N-acetylation, phosphorylation, etc, further multiply the isomeric diversity of carbohydrates in vivo. ‘There is no single analytical approach capable of distinguishing carbohydrates in all their numerous isoforms.! The time-proven methods of x-ray diffraction, NMR° and, since recently, cryo-clectron microscopy”” are capable to provide direct structural information for carbohydrates, although each of these techniques has its own limitations and practical drawbacks. The most common method of structural analysis of isomeric carbohydrates involves combination of enzymatic digestion for a controlled cleavage of large oligosaccharides, liquid chromatography (LC) to separate the produced isomers and single/tandem mass spectrometry (MS) to identify them." Despite its wide time-proven applicability, the method has certain limitations, such as the use of compound-specific conditions for separation, the need for chemical derivatization (e.g, by reductive amination and/or permethylation) and, often, an insufficient resolution in separating multicomponent mixtures of oligosaccharides.” Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is another technique that is capable of separating isomeric ions that exhibit different collision cross sections.'' Structural difference between isomeric glycans is often insufficient however for their separation in complex mixtures, although the technique is demonstrating a rapidly increasing selectivity.'” More generally, the values measured by chromatography and ion mobility (retention and arrival times, respectively) are not fundamental to molecules and dependent on specific experimental conditions and their stability (¢.g., type of chromatographic column, pressure, temperature, etc.),'*'® This may limit reproducibility in high-resolution measurements, making a use of internal calibrants indispensible 2D UV-MS fingerprinting is a recently developed approach that is capable of highly accurate identification of isomeric biomolecules.'"” This analytical technique integrates UV.View matodste, caton and senior papers at ania ak JURNAL ANAUIS FARMASI Volume 4, No. April 2049, Hal 50-58 COMPARISON OF THE PROTEIN CONTENT OF UHT FULL CREAM LIQUID MILK AT ROOM TEMPERATURE STORAGE AND REFRIGERATOR TEMPERATURE WITH VARIATIONS IN STORAGE TIME BY THE KJELDHAL METHOD PERBANDINGAN KADAR PROTEIN SUSU CAIR UHT FULL CREAM PADA PENYIMPANAN SUHU KAMAR DAN SUHU LEMARI PENDINGIN DENGAN VARIASI LAMA PENYIMPANAN DENGAN METODE KJELDHAL Robby Candra Purnam: E-mai *, Agustina Retnaningsih’, Indah Aprianti? Fobbycandra83@gmail.com ABSTRACT This study aims to determine whether or not there is a decrease in the protein content of full cream liquid milk stored at room temperature and refrigerator temperature analyzed by the Kjeldahl method. The basic principle of Kjeldahl is the calculation of protein content by calculating the element NN (nitrogen) based on the sample. From the results of the study the protein content of full cream Jiquicl mil stored at room temperature in sample A from day 0 (2.43%), day 2 (2.39%), day 4° (2.34%) , day 6" (2.34%), day 8" (2.34%), day 10” (2.32%) and day 12" (2.31%) Whereas in sample B from day 0 (2.41%), day 2” (2.39%), day 4" (2.34%), day 6” (2.33%), day 8" (2.33%), 10" day (2.32%) and 12" day (2.32%). And the results of determining the protein content of full cream liquid milk stored at the refrigerator temperature in sample A from day 2° (2.38%), day 4" (2.38%), day 6” (2.38 %), day 8° (2.37%), day 10" (2.36%) and day 12" (2.34%). Whereas in sample B from day 2™ (2.38%), day 4° (2.37%), day 6” (2.36%), day 8” (2.36%), day 10” (2.35%) and day 12" (2.33%). It was concluded that the decrease in protein levels was due to the temperature at the storage time. Keywords: Milk, Protein, Temperature, Kjeldahl Method ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya penurunan kadar protein susu cair full cream yang disimpan pada suhu kamar dan suhu lemari Pendingin yang dianalisis dengan metode Kjeldahl. Prinsip dasar Kjeldahl adalah perhitungan kadar protein dengan menghitung unsur N (nitrogen) berdasarkan sampel. Dari hasil penelitian kadar protein susu cair full cream yang disimpan pada suhu kamar pada sampel A dari hari ke-O (2,43%), hari ke-2 (2,39%), hari ke-d (2,34%), hari ke-6 (2,34%), hai ke-8 (2,34%), hari ke-10 (2,32%) dan hari ke-12 (2,31%). Sedangkan pada sampel B dari hari ke-0 (2,41%), hari ke-2 (2,39%), hari ke-4 (2,34%), hari ke-6 (2,33%), hari ke-8 (2,33%), hari ke- 10 (2,32%) dan hari ke- 12. (2,32%). Dan pada hasil penetapan kadar protein susu cair full cream yan disimpan pada suhu lemari pendingin pada sampel A dari hari ke-2 (2,38%), hari ke-d (2,38%), hari ke-6 (2,38%), hari ke-8 (2,37%), hari ke-10 (2,36%) dan hari ke-12 (2,34%). Sedangkan pada sampel B dari hari ke-2 (2,38%), hari ke-4 (2,37%), hari ke-6 (2,36%), hari ke-8 (2,36%), hari ke-10 (2,35%) dan hari ke-12 (2,33%). Disimpulkan penurunan kadar protein tersebut dikarenakan olen suhu pada lama waktu penyimpanan. kata kunci: Susu, Protein, Suhu, Metode Kjeldahl 1) Akademi Analis Farmasi Dan Makanan Putra Indonesia Lampung 2) Akademi Analis Farmasi Dan Makanan Putra Indonesia LampungTabel 4. Rekap kadar protein susu cair UHT full cream selama penyimpanan suhu lemari pendingin Hari Peyimpanan ‘Kader Protein (%! Sampel Hari ke-2 2,38 Hari ke-4 2,38 Hari ke-6 2,38 Hari ke-8 237 ‘Sampel A Hari ke-10 2,36 Hari ke-12 234 Hari ke-2 238 Hari ke-4 2,37 Hari ke-6 2,36 Hari ke-8 2,36 ‘Sampel B Hari ke-10 2,35 Hari ke-12 233 PEMBAHASAN Metode —identifikasi yang Susu UHT (Ultra. High digunakan adalah ui biuret. Metode Temperature Milk) adalah produk susu biuret didasarkan pada prinsip zat yang yang diperoleh dengan cara mengandung dua atau lebih ikatan mensterilkan susu pada suhu tidak kurang dari 135°C selama 2-5 detik dan segera dikemas dalam wadah steril secara aseptis (pembebasan dari roorganisme biologis dengan cara dipanaskan pada suhu lebih dari 100°C).°) Pada penelitian sampel susu UHT disimpan dalam suhu kamar dan suhu — lemari—_pendins dengan perlakuan selama 12 hari, dari hari ke- Q(kontrol), hari ke-2, hari ke-4, hari ke-6, hari ke-8, hari ke-10 dan hari ke- 12, Dilakukan perlakuan selama 12 hari bertujuan untuk melihat —penurunan kadar protein agar mencapai hasil yang optimal. Sebelum dilakukan penetapan kadar protein pada ssusu cair full cream yang dilakukan terlebih dahulu yaitu uji identifikasi untuk mengetahui adanya ikatan peptida yang ditandai dengan timbulnya warna_biru_ violet pada larutan uji. Penetapan kadar protein pada susu cair full cream dilakukan pengujian sebanyak dua kali pengulangan terhadap sampel. peptida dapat membentuk kompleks berwarna ungu dengan garam Cu dalam larutan alkali.Metode biuret ini merupakan metode yang baik untuk menentukan kandungan larutan protein karena seluruh protein mengandung ikatan peptida,Pengujian secara biuret ini sampel harus berupa larutan, jadi sampel terlebih dahulu dibuat menjadi larutan.Sampel berupa padatan harus dihaluskan terlebih dahulu dibuat menjadi larutan.Untuk hasil yang lebih baik maka menggunakan kontrol positif dan kontrol. negatif sebagai embanding. Kontrol positif yang digunakan yaitu putih telur_ karena putih telur mengandung _ protein sebesar 12,8% - 13,4%. Reaksi ini Positif protein dengan timbuinya warna ungu. Dari hasil analisis semua sampel memberikan reaksi positif dengan warna ungu yang terbentuk berbanding langsung dengan konsentrasi protein, dimana semakin meninggkat intensitas warnannya konsentrasi protein semakin besar. Kontrol negatif _memberikan warna biru yang merupakan warna dari garam Cu. Penentuan kadar protein secara kuantitatif dengan metode Kjeldahl dimana pada penelitian ini dilakukan penentuan kandungan nitrogen yang terkandung dalam bahan. Analisis, protein dengan metode Kjeldahl pada dasamya dapat dibagi menjadi tiga tahap yaitu tahap destruksi, tahap 54 Jumma Analis Formasi Volume 4 No. 1 April 2019