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 Jinho Kim · Kyuseok Shim
Longbing Cao · Jae-Gil Lee
Xuemin Lin · Yang-Sae Moon (Eds.)

Advances in
LNAI 10235

Knowledge Discovery
and Data Mining
21st Pacific-Asia Conference, PAKDD 2017
Jeju, South Korea, May 23–26, 2017
Proceedings, Part II

123
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 10235

Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science

LNAI Series Editors

Randy Goebel
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Yuzuru Tanaka
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Wolfgang Wahlster
DFKI and Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany

LNAI Founding Series Editor

Joerg Siekmann
DFKI and Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/1244
Jinho Kim Kyuseok Shim
•

Longbing Cao Jae-Gil Lee

•

Xuemin Lin Yang-Sae Moon (Eds.)

•

Advances in
Knowledge Discovery
and Data Mining
21st Pacific-Asia Conference, PAKDD 2017
Jeju, South Korea, May 23–26, 2017
Proceedings, Part II

123
Editors
Jinho Kim Jae-Gil Lee
Kangwon National University KAIST
Chuncheon Daejeon
Korea (Republic of) Korea (Republic of)
Kyuseok Shim Xuemin Lin
Seoul National University University of New South Wales
Seoul Sydney, NSW
Korea (Republic of) Australia
Longbing Cao Yang-Sae Moon
University of Technology Sydney Kangwon National University
Sydney, NSW Chuncheon
Australia Korea (Republic of)

ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence
ISBN 978-3-319-57528-5 ISBN 978-3-319-57529-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-57529-2

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017938164

LNCS Sublibrary: SL7 – Artificial Intelligence

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017

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 PC Chairs’ Preface

It is our great pleasure to introduce the proceedings of the 21st Pacific-Asia Conference
on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (PAKDD 2017).
We received a record-breaking number of 458 submissions from 36 countries all
over the world. This highest number of submissions is very encouraging because it
reflects the improving status of PAKDD. To rigorously review the submissions, we
conducted a double-blind review following the tradition of PAKDD and constructed
the largest ever committee consisting of 38 Senior Program Committee (SPC) members
and 196 Program Committee (PC) members. Each valid submission was reviewed by
three PC members and meta-reviewed by one SPC member who also led the discussion
with the PC members. We, the PC co-chairs, considered the recommendations from the
SPC members and looked into each submission as well as its reviews to make the final
decisions. Borderline papers were thoroughly discussed by us before final decisions
were made.
As a result, 129 out of 458 papers were accepted, yielding an acceptance rate of
28.2%. Among them, 45 papers were selected as long-presentation papers, and 84
papers were selected as regular-presentation papers. Mining social networks or graph
data was the most popular topic in the accepted papers. The review process was
supported by the Microsoft CMT system. During the three main conference days, these
129 papers were presented in 23 research sessions. A long-presentation paper was
given 25 minutes for presentation, and a regular-presentation paper was given 15
minutes for presentation. These two types of papers, however, are not distinguished in
the proceedings.
We would like to thank all SPC members, PC members, and external reviewers for
their hard work to provide us with thoughtful and comprehensive reviews and rec-
ommendations. Also, we would like to express our sincere thanks to Yang-Sae Moon
for compiling all accepted papers and for working with the Springer team to produce
the proceedings.
We hope that the readers of the proceedings find the content interesting and
rewarding.

April 2017 Longbing Cao

Jae-Gil Lee
Xuemin Lin
 General Chairs’ Preface

Welcome to the proceedings of the 21st Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Dis-

covery and Data Mining. PAKDD has successfully brought together researchers and
developers since 1997, with the purpose of identifying challenging problems facing the
development of advanced knowledge discovery. After 14 years since PAKDD 2003 in
Seoul, PAKDD was held again in Korea, during May 23–26, 2017, in Jeju Island.
We are very grateful to the many authors who submitted their work to the PAKDD
2017 technical program. The technical program was enhanced by three keynote
speeches, delivered by Sang Cha from Seoul National University, Rakesh Agrawal
from Data Insights Laboratories, and Dacheng Tao from the University of Sydney. In
addition to the main technical program, the offerings of this conference were further
enriched by three tutorials as well as four international workshops on leading-edge
topics.
We would like to acknowledge the key contributions by Program Committee
co-chairs, Longbing Cao, Jae-Gil Lee, and Xuemin Lin. We would like to extend our
gratitude to the workshop co-chairs, U. Kang, Ee-Peng Lim, and Jeffrey Xu Yu; the
tutorial co-chairs, Dongwon Lee, Yasushi Sakurai, and Hwanjo Yu; the contest
co-chairs, Nitesh Chawla, Younghoon Kim, and Young-Koo Lee; the publicity
co-chairs, Sang-Won Lee, Guoliang Li, Steven Whang, and Xiaofang Zhou; the reg-
istration co-chairs, Min-Soo Kim and Wookey Lee; the local Arrangements co-chairs,
Joonho Kwon, Jun-Ki Min, Chan Jung Park, and Young-Ho Park; the Web chair,
Ha-Joo Song; the finance co-chairs, Jaewoo Kang and Jaesoo Yoo; the treasury chair,
Chulyun Kim; and the proceedings chair, Yang-Sae Moon. We would like to express
our special thanks to our honorary chair, Kyu-Young Whang, for providing valuable
advice on all aspects of the conference’s organization.
We are grateful to our sponsors that include: platinum sponsors — Asian Office of
Aerospace Research & Development/Air Force Office of Scientific Research,
Mirhenge, Naver, NCSOFT, Seoul National University Big Data Institute and SK
Holdings C&C; gold sponsors — KISTI (Korea Institute of Science and Technology
Information); silver sponsors — Daumsoft, Douzone, HiBrainNet, Korea Data Agency,
and SK Telecom; and publication sponsors — Springer for their generous and valuable
support. We are also thankful to the PAKDD Steering Committee for its guidance and
Best Paper Award, Student Travel Award, and Early Career Research Award spon-
sorship. In addition, we would like to express our gratitude to the KIISE Database
Society of Korea for hosting this conference. Finally, we thank the student volunteers
and everyone who helped us in organizing PAKDD 2017.

April 2017 Jinho Kim

Kyuseok Shim
 Organization

Organizing Committee
Honorary Chair
Kyu-Young Whang DGIST/KAIST, Korea

General Co-chairs
Jinho Kim Kangwon National University, Korea
Kyuseok Shim Seoul National University, Korea

Program Committee Co-chairs

Longbing Cao University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Jae-Gil Lee KAIST, Korea
Xuemin Lin University of New South Wales, Australia

Tutorial Co-chairs
Dongwon Lee Pennsylvania State University, USA
Yasushi Sakurai Kumamoto University, Japan
Hwanjo Yu POSTECH, Korea

Workshop Co-chairs
U Kang Seoul National University, Korea
Ee-Peng Lim Singapore Management University, Singapore
Jeffrey Xu Yu The Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR China

Publicity Co-chairs
Sang-Won Lee Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
Guoliang Li Tsinghua University, China
Steven Euijong Whang Google Research, USA
Xiaofang Zhou University of Queensland, Australia

Finance Co-chairs
Jaewoo Kang Korea University, Korea
Jaesoo Yoo Chungbuk National University, Korea

Treasury Chair
Chulyun Kim Sookmyung Women’s University, Korea
X Organization

Proceedings Chair
Yang-Sae Moon Kangwon National University, Korea

Contest Co-chairs
Nitesh Chawla University of Notre Dame, USA
Younghoon Kim Hanyang University, Korea
Young-Koo Lee Kyung Hee University, Korea

Local Arrangements Co-chairs

Joonho Kwon Pusan National University, Korea
Jun-Ki Min Korea University of Technology and Education, Korea
Chan Jung Park Jeju National University, Korea
Young-Ho Park Sookmyung Women’s University, Korea

Registration Co-chairs
Min-Soo Kim DGIST, Korea
Wookey Lee Inha University, Korea

Web Chair
Ha-Joo Song Pukyong National University, Korea

Steering Committee
Co-chairs
Tu Bao Ho Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology,
Japan
Ee-Peng Lim Singapore Management University, Singapore

Treasurer
Graham Williams Togaware, Australia (see also under Life Members)

Members
Tu Bao Ho Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology,
Japan (Member since 2005, Co-chair 2012–2014,
Chair 2015–2017, Life Member since 2013)
Ee-Peng Lim Singapore Management University, Singapore (Member
since 2006, Co-chair 2015–2017)
Thanaruk Thammasat University, Thailand (Member since 2009)
Theeramunkong
P. Krishna Reddy International Institute of Information Technology,
Hyderabad (IIIT-H), India (Member since 2010)
Joshua Z. Huang Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, China (Member since 2011)
 Organization XI

Longbing Cao University of Technology Sydney, Australia

(Member since 2013)
Jian Pei Simon Fraser University, Canada (Member since 2013)
Myra Spiliopoulou Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany
(Member since 2013)
Vincent S. Tseng National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
(Member since 2014)
Tru Hoang Cao Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam
(Member since 2015)
Gill Dobbie University of Auckland, New Zealand
(Member since 2016)

Life Members
Hiroshi Motoda AFOSR/AOARD and Osaka University, Japan
(Member since 1997, Co-chair 2001–2003,
Chair 2004–2006, Life Member since 2006)
Rao Kotagiri University of Melbourne, Australia (Member since 1997,
Co-chair 2006–2008, Chair 2009–2011, Life Member
since 2007, Treasury Co-sign since 2006)
Huan Liu Arizona State University, USA (Member since 1998,
Treasurer 1998–2000, Life Member since 2012)
Ning Zhong Maebashi Institute of Technology, Japan (Member since
1999, Life Member since 2008)
Masaru Kitsuregawa Tokyo University, Japan (Member since 2000,
Life Member since 2008)
David Cheung University of Hong Kong, SAR China (Member since
2001, Treasurer 2005–2006, Chair 2006–2008,
Life Member since 2009)
Graham Williams Australian National University, Australia (Member since
2001, Treasurer since 2006, Co-chair 2009–2011,
Chair 2012–2014, Life Member since 2009)
Ming-Syan Chen National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC (Member since
2002, Life Member since 2010)
Kyu-Young Whang Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology,
Korea (Member since 2003, Life Member since 2011)
Chengqi Zhang University of Technology Sydney, Australia (Member
since 2004, Life Member since 2012)
Zhi-Hua Zhou Nanjing University, China (Member since 2007, Life
Member since 2015)
Jaideep Srivastava University of Minnesota, USA (Member since 2006,
Life Member since 2015)
Takashi Washio Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research,
Osaka University, Japan (Member since 2008,
Life Member since 2016)
XII Organization

Past Members
Hongjun Lu Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,
SAR China (Member 1997–2005)
Arbee L.P. Chen National Chengchi University, Taiwan, ROC
(Member 2002–2009)
Takao Terano Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
(Member 2000–2009)

Senior Program Committee

James Bailey The University of Melbourne, Australia
Peter Christen The Australian National University, Australia
Guozhu Dong Wright State University, USA
Patrick Gallinari LIP6, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France
Joshua Huang Shenzhen University, China
Seung-won Hwang Yonsei University, Korea
George Karypis University of Minnesota, USA
Latifur Khan The University of Texas at Dallas, USA
Sang-Wook Kim Hanyang University, Korea
Byung Suk Lee University of Vermont, USA
Jiuyong Li University of South Australia, Australia
Nikos Mamoulis University of Hong Kong, SAR China
Wee Keong Ng Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Wen-Chih Peng National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
Vincenzo Piuri Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
Rajeev Raman University of Leicester, UK
P. Krishna Reddy International Institute of Information Technology,
Hyderabad (IIIT-H), India
Dou Shen Baidu, China
Masashi Sugiyama RIKEN/The University of Tokyo, Japan
Kai Ming Ting Federation University, Australia
Hanghang Tong Arizona State University, USA
Vincent S. Tseng National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
Jianyong Wang Tsinghua University, China
Wei Wang University of California, Los Angeles, USA
Takashi Washio Osaka University, Japan
Xindong Wu University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA
Xing Xie Microsoft Research Asia, China
Hui Xiong Rutgers University, USA
Yue Xu Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Hayato Yamana Waseda University, Japan
Jin Soung Yoo Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, USA
Jeffrey Yu The Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR China
Osmar Zaiane University of Alberta, Canada
Zhao Zhang Soochow University, China
 Organization XIII

Yanchun Zhang Victoria University, Australia

Yu Zheng Microsoft Research Asia, China
Ning Zhong Maebashi Institute of Technology, Japan
Xiaofang Zhou The University of Queensland, Australia

Program Committee
Aijun An York University, Canada
Enrique Muñoz Ballester Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
Gustavo Batista University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Johannes Blömer Paderborn University, Germany
Kevin Bouchard Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Canada
Krisztian Buza Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn,
Germany
K. Selcuk Candan Arizona State University, USA
Tru Hoang Cao Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam
Wei Cao HeFei University of Technology, China
Tanmoy Chakraborty University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Jeffrey Chan RMIT University, Australia
Chia-Hui Chang National Central University, Taiwan
Muhammad Aamir Monash University, Australia
Cheema
Chun-Hao Chen Tamkang University, Taiwan
Enhong Chen University of Science and Technology of China, China
Shu-Ching Chen Florida International University, USA
Ling Chen University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Meng Chang Chen Academia Sinica, Taiwan
Yi-Ping Phoebe Chen La Trobe University, Australia
Songcan Chen Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China
Zhiyuan Chen University of Maryland Baltimore County, USA
Zheng Chen Microsoft Research Asia, China
Silvia Chiusano Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Jaegul Choo Korea University, Korea
Kun-Ta Chuang National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Bruno Cremilleux Université de Caen, France
Alfredo Cuzzocrea ICAR-CNR and University of Calabria, Italy
Xuan-Hong Dang UC Santa Barbara, USA
Zhaohong Deng Jiangnan University, China
Anne Denton North Dakota State University, USA
Lipika Dey Tata Consultancy Services, India
Bolin Ding Microsoft Research, USA
Gillian Dobbie The University of Auckland, New Zealand
Xiangjun Dong Qilu University of Technology, China
Dejing Dou University of Oregon, USA
Vladimir Estivill-Castro Griffith University, Australia
Xuhui Fan University of Technology Sydney, Australia
XIV Organization

Philippe Fournier-Viger Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, China

Yanjie Fu Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA
Jun Gao Peking University, China
Yang Gao Nanjing University, China
Junbin Gao University of Sydney, Australia
Xiaoying Gao Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
Angelo Genovese Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
Arnaud Giacometti University François Rabelais of Tours, France
Lei Gu Nanjing University of Post and Telecommunications,
China
Yong Guan Iowa State University, USA
Stephan Günnemann Technical University of Munich, Germany
Sunil Gupta Deakin University, Australia
Michael Hahsler Southern Methodist University, USA
Choochart National Electronics and Computer Technology Center,
Haruechaiyasak Thailand
Tzung-Pei Hong National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Michael Houle NII, Japan
Qingbo Hu LinkedIn, USA
Liang Hu Jilin University, China
Jen-Wei Huang National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Nguyen Quoc Viet Hung University of Queensland, Australia
Van-Nam Huynh Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology,
Japan
Yoshiharu Ishikawa Nagoya University, Japan
Md Zahidul Islam Charles Sturt University, Australia
Divyesh Jadav IBM Almaden Research, USA
Meng Jiang University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
Toshihiro Kamishima National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology, Japan
Murat Kantarcioglu University of Texas at Dallas, USA
Hung-Yu Kao National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Shanika Karunasekera The University of Melbourne, Australia
Makoto Kato Kyoto University, Japan
Yoshinobu Kawahara Osaka University, Japan
Bum-Soo Kim Korea University, Korea
Chulyun Kim Sookmyung Women’s University, Korea
Kyoung-Sook Kim National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology, Japan
Yun Sing Koh The University of Auckland, New Zealand
Irena Koprinska University of Sydney, Australia
Sejeong Kwon KAIST, Korea
Hady Lauw Singapore Management University, Singapore
Ickjai Lee James Cook University, Australia
Jongwuk Lee Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
Ki-Hoon Lee Kwangwoon University, Korea
 Organization XV

Ki Yong Lee Sookmyung Women’s University, Korea

Kyumin Lee Utah State University, USA
Yue-Shi Lee Ming Chuan University, Taiwan
Sunhwan Lee IBM Almaden Research Center, USA
Wang-Chien Lee Pennsylvania State University, USA
SangKeun Lee Korea University, Korea
Philippe Lenca IMT Atlantique, France
Carson K. Leung University of Manitoba, Canada
Zhenhui Li Pennsylvania State University, USA
Dancheng Li Northeastern University, China
Gang Li Deakin University, Australia
Jianmin Li Tsinghua University, China
Ming Li Nanjing University, China
Sheng Li Northeastern University, USA
Xiaoli Li Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore
Xuelong Li Chinese Academy of Science, China
Yaliang Li University at Buffalo, USA
Yidong Li Beijing Jiaotong University, China
Zhixu Li Soochow University, China
Hsuan-Tien Lin National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Jerry Chun-Wei Lin Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, China
Jiajun Liu Renmin University, China
Bin Liu IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, USA
Wei Liu University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Woong-Kee Loh Gachon University, Korea
Shuai Ma Beihang University, China
Giuseppe Manco Università della Calabria, Italy
Florent Masseglia Inria, France
Yasuko Matsubara Kumamoto University, Japan
Xiangfu Meng Liaoning Technical University, China
Jun-Ki Min Korea University of Technology and Education, Korea
Nguyen Le Minh JAIST, Japan
Yasuhiko Morimoto Hiroshima University, Japan
Miyuki Nakano Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology, Japan
Wilfred Ng Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,
SAR China
Ngoc-Thanh Nguyen Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland
Xuan Vinh Nguyen University of Melbourne, Australia
Kouzou Ohara Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan
Salvatore Orlando Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Italy
Satoshi Oyama Hokkaido University, Japan
Jia-Yu Pan Google, USA
Shirui Pan University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Guansong Pang University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Noseong Park University of North Carolina, Charlotte, USA
Gabriella Pasi University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
XVI Organization

Dhaval Patel IBJ T.J. Watson Research Center, USA

Dinh Phung Deakin University, Australia
Santu Rana Deakin University, Australia
P. Krishna Reddy International Institute of Information Technology
Hyderabad, India
Chandan Reddy Virginia Tech, USA
Patricia Riddle University of Auckland, New Zealand
P.S. Sastry Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Jiwon Seo Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
Hong Shen Adelaide University, Australia
Bin Shen Zhejiang University, China
Chuan Shi Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,
China
Arnaud Soulet François Rabelais University of Tours, France
Fabio Stella University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
Mahito Sugiyama Osaka University, Japan
Yuqing Sun Shangdong University, China
Yasuo Tabei Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Ichigaku Takigawa Hokkaido University, Japan
Ming Tang Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
David Taniar Monash University, Australia
Xiaohui (Daniel) Tao The University of Southern Queensland, Australia
Khoat Than Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam
Hiroyuki Toda NTT Cyber Solutions Laboratories, NTT Corporation,
Japan
Ranga Raju Vatsavai North Carolina University, USA
Zhangyang Wang Texas A&M University, USA
Lizhen Wang Yunnan University, China
Ruili Wang Massey University (Albany Campus), New Zealand
Shoujin Wang Advanced Analytics Institute, University of Technology
Sydney, Australia
Jason Wang New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA
Yang Wang University of New South Wales, Australia
Wei Wang University of New South Wales, Australia
Xin Wang University of Calgary, Canada
Lijie Wen Tsinghua University, China
Steven Euijong Whang Google Research, USA
Joyce Jiyoung Whang Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
Raymond Chi-Wing Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,
Wong SAR China
Brendon Woodford University of Otago, New Zealand
Lin Wu University of Queensland, Australia
Jia Wu University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Xintao Wu University of Arkansas, USA
Yuni Xia Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis
(IUPUI), USA
 Organization XVII

Guandong Xu University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Congfu Xu Zhejiang University, China
Bing Xue Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
Takehiro Yamamoto Kyoto University, Japan
Yusuke Yamamoto Kyoto University, Japan
Jianye Yang UNSW, Australia
Ming Yang Nanjing Normal University, China
Shiyu Yang UNSW, Australia
Min Yao Zhejiang University, China
Ilyeop Yi KAIST, Korea
Hongzhi Yin University of Queensland, Australia
Ming Yin Harvard University, USA
Yang Yu Nanjing University, China
Long Yuan UNSW, Australia
Xiaodong Yue Shanghai University, China
Se-Young Yun Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
Yifeng Zeng Teesside University, UK
Fan Zhang University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Junping Zhang Fudan University, China
Xiuzhen Zhang RMIT University, Australia
Yating Zhang Kyoto University, Japan
Ying Zhang University of New South Wales, Australia
Du Zhang Macau University of Science and Technology, SAR China
Min-Ling Zhang Southeast University, China
Wenjie Zhang University of New South Wales, Australia
Zhongfei Zhang Binghamton University, USA
Peixiang Zhao Florida State University, USA
Yong Zheng Illinois Institute of Technology, USA
Shuigeng Zhou Fudan University, China
Xiangmin Zhou RMIT University, Australia
Chengzhang Zhu National University of Defense Technology, China
Xingquan Zhu Florida Atlantic University, USA
Arthur Zimek University of Southern Denmark, Denmark

Additional Reviewers
Enzo Acerbi Zhao Kang
Weiling Cai Daehoon Kim
Minsoo Choy Jungeun Kim
Thomas Devogele Sundong Kim
Van Nguyen Do Nicolas Labroche
Khan Chuong Duong Trung Le
Laurent Etienne Chengjun Li
Li Gao Dominique Li
Viet Huynh Wentao Li
XVIII Organization

Chun-Yi Liu Linh Ngo Van

Jing Lv Yanran Wang
Kiem-Hieu Nguyen Yisen Wang
Oanh Nguyen Kuoliang Wu
Thin Nguyen Hongyu Xu
Thuong Nguyen Wanqi Yang
Tu Nguyen Xuesong Yang
Vu Nguyen Haichao Yu
Linshan Shen Hanchao Yu
Fengyi Song Chen Zhang
Hwanjun Song Chenwei Zhang
Gabriele Sottocornola Yuhai Zhao
 Organization XIX

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 Contents – Part II

Clustering and Anomaly Detection

A Targeted Retraining Scheme of Unsupervised Word Embeddings

for Specific Supervised Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Pengda Qin, Weiran Xu, and Jun Guo

A Neural Joint Model for Extracting Bacteria and Their Locations . . . . . . . . 15

Fei Li, Meishan Zhang, Guohong Fu, and Donghong Ji

Advanced Computation of Sparse Precision Matrices for Big Data . . . . . . . . 27

Abdelkader Baggag, Halima Bensmail, and Jaideep Srivastava

Accurate Recognition of the Current Activity in the Presence

of Multiple Activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Weihao Cheng, Sarah Erfani, Rui Zhang, and Ramamohanarao Kotagiri

Modeling Information Sharing Behavior on Q&A Forums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Biru Cui, Shanchieh Jay Yang, and Christophan M. Homan

Effective Multiclass Transfer for Hypothesis Transfer Learning. . . . . . . . . . . 64

Shuang Ao, Xiang Li, and Charles X. Ling

Clustering Based on Dominant Set and Cluster Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Jian Hou and Weixue Liu

Recommender Systems

Friend Recommendation Considering Preference Coverage

in Location-Based Social Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Fei Yu, Nan Che, Zhijun Li, Kai Li, and Shouxu Jiang

Contrast Pattern Based Collaborative Behavior Recommendation

for Life Improvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Yan Chen, Margot Lisa-Jing Yann, Heidar Davoudi, Joy Choi,
Aijun An, and Zhen Mei

Exploiting Location Significance and User Authority for Point-of-Interest

Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Yonghong Yu, Hao Wang, Shuanzhu Sun, and Yang Gao

Personalized Ranking Recommendation via Integrating

Multiple Feedbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Jian Liu, Chuan Shi, Binbin Hu, Shenghua Liu, and Philip S. Yu
XXII Contents – Part II

Fairness Aware Recommendations on Behance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Natwar Modani, Deepali Jain, Ujjawal Soni, Gaurav Kumar Gupta,
and Palak Agarwal

A Performance Evaluation Model for Taxi Cruising Path Recommendation

System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Huimin Lv, Fang Fang, Yishi Zhao, Yuanyuan Liu, and Zhongwen Luo

MaP2R: A Personalized Maximum Probability Route Recommendation

Method Using GPS Trajectories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Ge Cui and Xin Wang

Feature Selection

SNE: Signed Network Embedding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Shuhan Yuan, Xintao Wu, and Yang Xiang

mHUIMiner: A Fast High Utility Itemset Mining Algorithm

for Sparse Datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Alex Yuxuan Peng, Yun Sing Koh, and Patricia Riddle

Partial Tree-Edit Distance: A Solution to the Default Class Problem

in Pattern-Based Tree Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Maciej Piernik and Tadeusz Morzy

A Domain-Agnostic Approach to Spam-URL Detection via Redirects . . . . . . 220

Heeyoung Kwon, Mirza Basim Baig, and Leman Akoglu

Automatic and Effective Mining of Coevolving Online Activities . . . . . . . . . 233

Thinh Minh Do, Yasuko Matsubara, and Yasushi Sakurai

Keeping Priors in Streaming Bayesian Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Anh Nguyen Duc, Ngo Van Linh, Anh Nguyen Kim, and Khoat Than

Text and Opinion Mining

Efficient Training of Adaptive Regularization of Weight Vectors

for Semi-structured Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Tomoya Iwakura

Behavior-Based Location Recommendation on Location-Based

Social Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Seyyed Mohammadreza Rahimi, Xin Wang, and Behrouz Far
 Contents – Part II XXIII

Integer Linear Programming for Pattern Set Mining;

with an Application to Tiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Abdelkader Ouali, Albrecht Zimmermann, Samir Loudni, Yahia Lebbah,
Bruno Cremilleux, Patrice Boizumault, and Lakhdar Loukil

Secured Privacy Preserving Data Aggregation with Semi-honest Servers . . . . 300

Zhigang Lu and Hong Shen

Efficient Pedestrian Detection in the Low Resolution via Sparse

Representation with Sparse Support Regression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Wenhua Fang, Jun Chen, and Ruimin Hu

Multi-task Representation Learning for Enhanced Emotion Categorization

in Short Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Anirban Sen, Manjira Sinha, Sandya Mannarswamy, and Shourya Roy

Fine-Grained Emotion Detection in Contact Center Chat Utterances . . . . . . . 337

Shreshtha Mundra, Anirban Sen, Manjira Sinha, Sandya Mannarswamy,
Sandipan Dandapat, and Shourya Roy

Dependency-Tree Based Convolutional Neural Networks

for Aspect Term Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Hai Ye, Zichao Yan, Zhunchen Luo, and Wenhan Chao

Topic Modeling over Short Texts by Incorporating Word Embeddings . . . . . 363

Jipeng Qiang, Ping Chen, Tong Wang, and Xindong Wu

Mining Drug Properties for Decision Support in Dental Clinics . . . . . . . . . . 375

Wee Pheng Goh, Xiaohui Tao, Ji Zhang, and Jianming Yong

PURE: A Novel Tripartite Model for Review Sentiment Analysis

and Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Yue Xue, Liutong Xu, Hai Huang, and Yao Cheng

Clustering and Matrix Factorization

Multi-View Matrix Completion for Clustering with Side Information. . . . . . . 403

Peng Zhao, Yuan Jiang, and Zhi-Hua Zhou

Weighted NMF-Based Multiple Sparse Views Clustering for Web Items . . . . 416
Xiaolong Gong, Fuwei Wang, and Linpeng Huang

Parallel Visual Assessment of Cluster Tendency on GPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Tao Meng and Bo Yuan

Clustering Complex Data Represented as Propositional Formulas . . . . . . . . . 441

Abdelhamid Boudane, Said Jabbour, Lakhdar Sais, and Yakoub Salhi
XXIV Contents – Part II

Deep Bayesian Matrix Factorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

Sotirios P. Chatzis

Dynamic, Stream Data Mining

Mining Competitive Pairs Hidden in Co-location Patterns from Dynamic

Spatial Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Junli Lu, Lizhen Wang, Yuan Fang, and Momo Li

Utility Aware Clustering for Publishing Transactional Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

Michael Bewong, Jixue Liu, Lin Liu, and Jiuyong Li

Self-tuning Filers — Overload Prediction and Preventive Tuning

Using Pruned Random Forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
Kumar Dheenadayalan, Gopalakrishnan Srinivasaraghavan,
and V.N. Muralidhara

A Centrality-Based Local-First Approach for Analyzing Overlapping

Communities in Dynamic Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
Ximan Chen, Heli Sun, Hongxia Du, Jianbin Huang, and Ke Liu

Web-Scale Personalized Real-Time Recommender System on Suumo . . . . . . 521

Shiyingxue Li, Shimpei Nomura, Yohei Kikuta, and Kazuma Arino

Modeling Contextual Changes in User Behaviour in Fashion e-Commerce . . . 539

Ashay Tamhane, Sagar Arora, and Deepak Warrier

Weighted Ensemble Classification of Multi-label Data Streams . . . . . . . . . . . 551

Lulu Wang, Hong Shen, and Hui Tian

Novel Models and Algorithms

Improving One-Class Collaborative Filtering with Manifold Regularization

by Data-driven Feature Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
Yen-Chieh Lien and Pu-Jen Cheng

Stable Bayesian Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578

Thanh Dai Nguyen, Sunil Gupta, Santu Rana, and Svetha Venkatesh

An Exponential Time-Aware Recommendation Model for Mobile

Notification Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
Chenglin Zeng, Laizhong Cui, and Zhi Wang

Discovering Periodic Patterns in Non-uniform Temporal Databases . . . . . . . . 604

R. Uday Kiran, J.N. Venkatesh, Philippe Fournier-Viger,
Masashi Toyoda, P. Krishna Reddy, and Masaru Kitsuregawa
 Contents – Part II XXV

Discovering Both Explicit and Implicit Similarities for Cross-Domain

Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618
Quan Do, Wei Liu, and Fang Chen

Mining Recurrent Patterns in a Dynamic Attributed Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

Zhi Cheng, Frédéric Flouvat, and Nazha Selmaoui-Folcher

SS-FIM: Single Scan for Frequent Itemsets Mining

in Transactional Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
Youcef Djenouri, Marco Comuzzi, and Djamel Djenouri

Multi-view Regularized Gaussian Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

Qiuyang Liu and Shiliang Sun

A Neural Network Model for Semi-supervised Review

Aspect Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
Ying Ding, Changlong Yu, and Jing Jiang

Behavioral Data Mining

Unsupervised Embedding for Latent Similarity by Modeling Heterogeneous

MOOC Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
Zhuoxuan Jiang, Shanshan Feng, Weizheng Chen, Guangtao Wang,
and Xiaoming Li

Matrix-Based Method for Inferring Variable Labels Using Outlines

of Data in Data Jackets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696
Teruaki Hayashi and Yukio Ohsawa

Integrating Reviews into Personalized Ranking for Cold Start

Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708
Guang-Neng Hu and Xin-Yu Dai

Taste or Addiction?: Using Play Logs to Infer Song Selection Motivation . . . 721
Kosetsu Tsukuda and Masataka Goto

Understanding Drivers’ Safety by Fusing Large Scale Vehicle Recorder

Dataset and Heterogeneous Circumstantial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734
Daisaku Yokoyama, Masashi Toyoda, and Masaru Kitsuregawa

Graph Clustering and Community Detection

Query-oriented Graph Clustering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749

Li-Yen Kuo, Chung-Kuang Chou, and Ming-Syan Chen

CCCG: Clique Conversion Ratio Driven Clustering of Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . 762

Prathyush Sambaturu and Kamalakar Karlapalem
XXVI Contents – Part II

Mining Cohesive Clusters with Interpretations in Labeled Graphs . . . . . . . . . 774

Hongxia Du, Heli Sun, Jianbin Huang, Zhongbin Sun, Liang He,
and Hong Cheng

A SAT-Based Framework for Overlapping Community Detection

in Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786
Said Jabbour, Nizar Mhadhbi, Badran Raddaoui, and Lakhdar Sais

Dimensionality Reduction

Denoising Autoencoder as an Effective Dimensionality Reduction

and Clustering of Text Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801
Milad Leyli-Abadi, Lazhar Labiod, and Mohamed Nadif

Gradable Adjective Embedding for Commonsense Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . 814

Kyungjae Lee, Hyunsouk Cho, and Seung-won Hwang

Combining Dimensionality Reduction with Random Forests for Multi-label

Classification Under Interactivity Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828
Noureddine-Yassine Nair-Benrekia, Pascale Kuntz, and Frank Meyer

A Generalized Model for Multidimensional Intransitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840

Jiuding Duan, Jiyi Li, Yukino Baba, and Hisashi Kashima

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853

 Contents – Part I

Classification and Deep Learning

Convolutional Bi-directional LSTM for Detecting Inappropriate

Query Suggestions in Web Search. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Harish Yenala, Manoj Chinnakotla, and Jay Goyal

A Fast and Easy Regression Technique for k-NN Classification

Without Using Negative Pairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Yutaro Shigeto, Masashi Shimbo, and Yuji Matsumoto

Deep Network Regularization via Bayesian Inference of Synaptic

Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Harris Partaourides and Sotirios P. Chatzis

Adaptive One-Class Support Vector Machine for Damage Detection

in Structural Health Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Ali Anaissi, Nguyen Lu Dang Khoa, Samir Mustapha,
Mehrisadat Makki Alamdari, Ali Braytee, Yang Wang, and Fang Chen

A Classification Model for Diverse and Noisy Labelers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Hao-En Sung, Cheng-Kuan Chen, Han Xiao, and Shou-De Lin

Automatic Discovery of Common and Idiosyncratic Latent Effects

in Multilevel Regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Sk Minhazul Islam and Arunvava Banerjee

A Deep Neural Network for Pairwise Classification: Enabling Feature

Conjunctions and Ensuring Symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Kyohei Atarashi, Satoshi Oyama, Masahito Kurihara,
and Kazune Furudo

Feature Ranking of Large, Robust, and Weighted Clustering Result . . . . . . . 96

Mirka Saarela, Joonas Hämäläinen, and Tommi Kärkkäinen

Purchase Signatures of Retail Customers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Clement Gautrais, René Quiniou, Peggy Cellier, Thomas Guyet,
and Alexandre Termier

Volatility Adaptive Classifier System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Ruolin Jia, Yun Sing Koh, and Gillian Dobbie
XXVIII Contents – Part I

Distributed Representations for Words on Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Minoru Yoshida, Kazuyuki Matsumoto, and Kenji Kita

Link Prediction for Isolated Nodes in Heterogeneous Network

by Topic-Based Co-clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Katsufumi Tomobe, Masafumi Oyamada, and Shinji Nakadai

Predicting Destinations from Partial Trajectories Using Recurrent

Neural Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Yuki Endo, Kyosuke Nishida, Hiroyuki Toda, and Hiroshi Sawada

Preventing Inadvertent Information Disclosures via Automatic

Security Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Tanya Goyal, Sanket Mehta, and Balaji Vasan Srinivasan

Personalized Deep Learning for Tag Recommendation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Hanh T.H. Nguyen, Martin Wistuba, Josif Grabocka,
Lucas Rego Drumond, and Lars Schmidt-Thieme

Information-Theoretic Non-redundant Subspace Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Nina Hubig and Claudia Plant

Cost Matters: A New Example-Dependent Cost-Sensitive Logistic

Regression Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Nikou Günnemann and Jürgen Pfeffer

Social Network and Graph Mining

Beyond Assortativity: Proclivity Index for Attributed Networks (PRONE) . . . . 225

Reihaneh Rabbany, Dhivya Eswaran, Artur W. Dubrawski,
and Christos Faloutsos

Hierarchical Mixed Neural Network for Joint Representation Learning

of Social-Attribute Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Weizheng Chen, Jinpeng Wang, Zhuoxuan Jiang, Yan Zhang,
and Xiaoming Li

Cost-Effective Viral Marketing in the Latency Aware Independent

Cascade Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Robert Gwadera and Grigorios Loukides

DSBPR: Dual Similarity Bayesian Personalized Ranking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Longfei Shi, Bin Wu, Jing Zheng, Chuan Shi, and Mengxin Li
 Contents – Part I XXIX

Usage Based Tag Enhancement of Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Balaji Vasan Srinivasan, Noman Ahmed Sheikh, Roshan Kumar,
Saurabh Verma, and Niloy Ganguly

Edge Role Discovery via Higher-Order Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Nesreen K. Ahmed, Ryan A. Rossi, Theodore L. Willke, and Rong Zhou

Efficient Bi-level Variable Selection and Application to Estimation

of Multiple Covariance Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Duy Nhat Phan, Hoai An Le Thi, and Dinh Tao Pham

Entity Set Expansion with Meta Path in Knowledge Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Yuyan Zheng, Chuan Shi, Xiaohuan Cao, Xiaoli Li, and Bin Wu

Using Network Flows to Identify Users Sharing Extremist Content

on Social Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Yifang Wei and Lisa Singh

MC3: A Multi-class Consensus Classification Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Tanmoy Chakraborty, Des Chandhok, and V.S. Subrahmanian

Monte Carlo Based Incremental PageRank on Evolving Graphs . . . . . . . . . . 356

Qun Liao, ShuangShuang Jiang, Min Yu, Yulu Yang, and Tao Li

Joint Weighted Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Mining

Attributed Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Zhichao Huang, Yunming Ye, Xutao Li, Feng Liu, and Huajie Chen

Predicting Happiness State Based on Emotion Representative Mining

in Online Social Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Xiao Zhang, Wenzhong Li, Hong Huang, Cam-Tu Nguyen, Xu Chen,
Xiaoliang Wang, and Sanglu Lu

Exploring Celebrities on Inferring User Geolocation in Twitter . . . . . . . . . . . 395

Mohammad Ebrahimi, Elaheh ShafieiBavani, Raymond Wong,
and Fang Chen

Do Rumors Diffuse Differently from Non-rumors? A Systematically

Empirical Analysis in Sina Weibo for Rumor Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Yahui Liu, Xiaolong Jin, Huawei Shen, and Xueqi Cheng

Investigating the Dynamics of Religious Conflicts by Mining Public

Opinions on Social Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Swati Agarwal and Ashish Sureka
XXX Contents – Part I

Mining High-Utility Itemsets with Both Positive and Negative

Unit Profits from Uncertain Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
Wensheng Gan, Jerry Chun-Wei Lin, Philippe Fournier-Viger,
Han-Chieh Chao, and Vincent S. Tseng

Sparse Stochastic Inference with Regularization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

Tung Doan and Khoat Than

Exploring Check-in Data to Infer Social Ties in Location Based

Social Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
Gunarto Sindoro Njoo, Min-Chia Kao, Kuo-Wei Hsu,
and Wen-Chih Peng

Scalable Twitter User Clustering Approach Boosted

by Personalized PageRank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
Anup Naik, Hideyuki Maeda, Vibhor Kanojia, and Sumio Fujita

An Enhanced Markov Clustering Algorithm Based on Physarum . . . . . . . . . 486

Mingxin Liang, Chao Gao, Xianghua Li, and Zili Zhang

Exploiting Geographical Location for Team Formation in Social

Coding Sites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Yuqiang Han, Yao Wan, Liang Chen, Guandong Xu, and Jian Wu

Weighted Simplicial Complex: A Novel Approach for Predicting Small

Group Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
Ankit Sharma, Terrence J. Moore, Ananthram Swami,
and Jaideep Srivastava

A P-LSTM Neural Network for Sentiment Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

Chi Lu, Heyan Huang, Ping Jian, Dan Wang, and Yi-Di Guo

Learning What Matters – Sampling Interesting Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534

Vladimir Dzyuba and Matthijs van Leeuwen

PNE: Label Embedding Enhanced Network Embedding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

Weizheng Chen, Xianling Mao, Xiangyu Li, Yan Zhang, and Xiaoming Li

Improving Temporal Record Linkage Using Regression Classification . . . . . . 561

Yichen Hu, Qing Wang, Dinusha Vatsalan, and Peter Christen

Community Detection in Graph Streams by Pruning Zombie Nodes . . . . . . . 574

Yue Ding, Ling Huang, Chang-Dong Wang, and Dong Huang

Bilingual Lexicon Extraction from Comparable Corpora Based

on Closed Concepts Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
Mohamed Chebel, Chiraz Latiri, and Eric Gaussier
 Contents – Part I XXXI

Collective Geographical Embedding for Geolocating

Social Network Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Fengjiao Wang, Chun-Ta Lu, Yongzhi Qu, and Philip S. Yu

Privacy-Preserving Mining and Security/Risk Applications

Partitioning-Based Mechanisms Under Personalized Differential Privacy . . . . 615

Haoran Li, Li Xiong, Zhanglong Ji, and Xiaoqian Jiang

Efficient Cryptanalysis of Bloom Filters for Privacy-Preserving

Record Linkage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628
Peter Christen, Rainer Schnell, Dinusha Vatsalan,
and Thilina Ranbaduge

Energy-Based Localized Anomaly Detection in Video Surveillance . . . . . . . . 641

Hung Vu, Tu Dinh Nguyen, Anthony Travers, Svetha Venkatesh,
and Dinh Phung

A Fast Fourier Transform-Coupled Machine Learning-Based Ensemble

Model for Disease Risk Prediction Using a Real-Life Dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . 654
Raid Lafta, Ji Zhang, Xiaohui Tao, Yan Li, Wessam Abbas,
Yonglong Luo, Fulong Chen, and Vincent S. Tseng

Assessing Death Risk of Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

from Long-Term Electrocardiogram Streams Summarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
Shenda Hong, Meng Wu, Jinbo Zhang, and Hongyan Li

Spatio-Temporal and Sequential Data Mining

On the Robustness of Decision Tree Learning Under Label Noise. . . . . . . . . 685

Aritra Ghosh, Naresh Manwani, and P.S. Sastry

Relevance-Based Evaluation Metrics for Multi-class Imbalanced Domains . . . 698

Paula Branco, Luís Torgo, and Rita P. Ribeiro

Location Prediction Through Activity Purpose: Integrating Temporal

and Sequential Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
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its administration. To those who know only the trading Jew of our
commercial centres, the modern Sadducees, it reveals a new aspect
of the race—that of the Jew turning aside from all enterprise, content
to live in pious mendicancy, his sole business the observance of the
minutiae of the ceremonial law; the Jew who binds on his phylactery,
wears long ringlets brought down in front of the ears in obedience to
a Levitical precept, and shuns the carrying of a pocket-handkerchief
on the Sabbath, save as a bracelet or a garter. Haluka is a mistake
and a stumbling-block in the path of Zionism. To turn Palestine into a
vast almshouse is not the way to lay the foundation of a Jewish
State. It attracts swarms of slothful bigots whose religion begins and
ends with externals, a salient example of ‘the letter that killeth,’
whose Pharisaic piety has no influence on their conduct in life. It has
established an unproductive population of inefficients, drawn from
the least desirable element of the race. Its evil effect is patent, and
the better sort of Jews themselves condemn it or advise its
restriction to the aged and infirm. It is depressing to move among
crowds of burly men, contributing nothing to the commonweal, puffed
up with self-satisfied bigotry and proud of their useless existence.
Left to his own devices the Jew gives the land a wide berth and
sticks to the town. But Western philanthropy has expended much
money and energy in putting him on to the land, rightly judging that
the foundations of a nation cannot be laid on the hawking of lead-
pencils among the Bedawin who do not want them.
“An agricultural college has been established near Jaffa, but it
was found that the youths availed themselves of the excellent
general education it afforded in order, not to till the land, but to
engage in more congenial and more profitable pursuits. Agricultural
colonies were founded, and the colonists, in addition to free land,
seed, and implements, were endowed by M. Edmund de Rothschild
with 3 francs a day for every man, 2 francs for every woman, and 1
franc for every child. This enabled the recipients to sit down and
employ Arabs to do the work, and has been stopped, to the great
chagrin of the colonists. As a matter of fact, the best of the farms to-
day depend on native labour. The mattock and the hoe are
repugnant to the Jewish colonists, who all seek for places in the
administration. The financial result is not cheering. The most
prosperous concern, perhaps, is the wine-growing establishment of
Rishon le Sion. Wine-making is the one industry the Jews take to.
They practise it individually on a small scale. The Western tourist in
Hebron is invariably accosted by some ringleted Israelite, who
proffers him his ‘guter Wein,’ and his thoughts go back to childhood
and that Brobdingnagian cluster of grapes which the spies bore
between them from the neighbouring valley of Eschol. The attitude of
the Jew with respect to agriculture is not to be wondered at. His
hereditary tendencies are against it. Centuries of urban life and
urban pursuits lie behind him. Inured to no exercise save that of his
wits, poor in physique, unused to the climate, can it be expected that
this child of the ghetto should turn to and compete with the strong
brown-lined Judaean peasant on the burning hillside? The one
exception is to be found in the Bulgarian Jews of Sephardim stock.
Hardy, stalwart, accustomed to tillage, these have made efficient
farmers, and next to them come the Jews from Roumania. But with
every inducement to settle on the land, and all sorts of props and
aids, the agricultural Jews in Palestine number only about 1000 out
318
of an ever-augmenting population. The fact is significant.”
Another point worth serious consideration is the political situation
created by Jewish immigration into Palestine. The colonists, the
majority of whom come from Russia, are a bone of contention
between the rival foreign propagandas in the country. The Russians,
as has been seen, while massacring the Jews in Bessarabia, court
their favour in Syria. The German Emperor, while tolerating anti-
Semitism in the Fatherland, earns the thanks of the Zionists by his
affability towards the exiles. The French, through the educational
efforts of the Alliance Israélite, whose pupils were hitherto mainly
drawn from the Spanish Jews, seek to turn the Jews of Palestine, as
of other parts of the Near East, into apostles of Gallic preponderance
and into instruments for the promotion of Gallic interests. The
Zionists are regarded by the French supporters of the Alliance as its
adversaries, and that for the reason that, while the mission of the
Alliance, as it is understood by the French, is the extension of the
Republic’s influence, and, therefore, very remotely connected with
the religious and national aspirations of the Jewish people, these
aspirations are precisely the point on which the Zionists lay the
319
greatest stress.
Lastly, the poverty of Palestine is a source of infinite difficulties
which can only be overcome by proportionate labour. Mr. Zangwill
has very eloquently described these conditions in one of his
speeches: “My friends,” he said, “you cannot buy Palestine. If you
had a hundred millions you could only buy the place where Palestine
once stood. Palestine itself you must re-create by labour, till it flows
again with milk and honey. The country is a good country. But it
needs a great irrigation scheme. To return there needs no miracle—
already a third of the population are Jews. If the Almighty Himself
carried the rest of us to Palestine by a miracle, what should we gain
except a free passage? In the sweat of our brow we must earn our
Palestine. And, therefore, the day we get Palestine, if the most
320
joyous, will also be the most terrible day of our movement.”
It was the consideration of the various obstacles enumerated
above, and others of a similar nature, coupled with the urgent need
to find a home for those wretched outcasts whose refuge in England
was menaced by the anti-alien agitation, that induced Dr. Herzl, in
321
July 1903, acting on Mr. Chamberlain’s suggestion, to propose
that an agreement should be entered into between the British
Government and the Jewish Colonial Trust for the establishment of a
Jewish settlement in British East Africa. The British Government,
anxious to find a way out of the “Alien Invasion” difficulty, welcomed
the proposal, and Lord Lansdowne expressed his readiness to afford
every facility to the Commission which, it was suggested, should be
sent by the Zionists to East Africa for purposes of investigation. If a
suitable site could be found, the Foreign Secretary professed himself
willing “to entertain favourably proposals for the establishment of a
Jewish colony on conditions which will enable the members to
observe their national customs. For this purpose he would be
prepared to discuss the details of a scheme comprising as its main
features the grant of a considerable area of land, the appointment of
a Jewish official as the chief of the local administration, and
permission to the colony to have a free hand in regard to municipal
legislation, and the management of religious and purely domestic
matters; such local autonomy being conditional on the right of His
322
Majesty’s Government to exercise general control.” This project
was announced at one of the meetings of the Zionist Congress at
Basel in August, 1903, and the motion submitted to the Congress for
the appointment of a committee, who should send an expedition to
East Africa in order to make investigations on the spot, was adopted.
But, though 295 voted in its favour, it was opposed by a great
minority of 177 votes, and the Russian delegates left the hall as a
protest. In a mass meeting of Zionists held in the following May in
London Mr. Israel Zangwill spoke warmly in favour of the proposal,
urging on his fellow-Zionists to take advantage of the offer made by
the British Government. But he added, “The Jewish Colonisation
Association, the one body that should have welcomed this offer of
323
territory with both hands, stood aloof.” Indeed, it cannot be said
that this new departure of Zionism has commanded universal
approval.
Nor did opposition to the scheme confine itself to platonic
protests. In the following December, Dr. Max Nordau, one of the
most distinguished men of letters among Dr. Herzl’s followers, who
had declared himself at the Basel Congress of the previous August
in favour of the proposal, was fired at in Paris by a Russian Jew, who
in his cross-examination before the Magistrate confessed that, in
making that attempt on Dr. Nordau’s life, he aimed at the enemy of
the Jewish race—the supporter of a scheme which involved the
abandonment by Zionists of Palestine as the object of the
324
movement. The incident afforded a painful proof of want of
concord, not only among the Jews generally, not only among the
supporters of various movements all theoretically recognising the
necessity of emigration, but even among the partisans themselves of
the Zionist cause. Dr. Herzl, anxious to allay the ill-feeling aroused
by his alleged abandonment of the Zionist idea, wrote a letter to Sir
Francis Montefiore, the president of the English Zionist Federation,
repudiating any desire to divert the movement away from the Holy
Land and to direct it to East Africa. Nothing, he protested, could be
further from the truth. He felt convinced that the solution of the
Jewish problem could only be effected in that country, Palestine, with
which are indelibly associated the historic and sentimental bias of
the Jewish people. But as the British Government had been
generous enough to offer territory for an autonomous settlement, it
would have been impossible and unreasonable to do otherwise than
325
give the offer careful consideration.
The clouds of misconception of which Dr. Herzl complained were
not dissipated by this declaration. If the attachment to Palestine is to
be the central idea of Zionism, it is hard to see how its realisation
could be promoted by the adoption of East Africa as a home. East
Africa, as a shrewd diplomatist has wittily observed, is not in
Palestine nor on the road to it. Its name awakens no memories or
hopes in the Jewish heart. Its soil is not hallowed by the temples and
the tombs of Israel. Its hills and vales are not haunted by the spirits
of the old martyrs and heroes of the nation. Neither the victories of
the past nor the prophetic visions for the future are in any way
associated with East Africa. In the circumstances, it is not to be
wondered at that the proposal, as Dr. Herzl admitted, did not meet
with the enthusiasm required for success, and that the strongest
opposition to the scheme came from those very Jews in the Russian
“pale” who stand in most need of a refuge from persecution. It must
be borne in mind that those very Jews who suffer most severely from
persecution are the most sincerely and wholeheartedly attached to
the ancient ideals of the race, and, owing partly to this psychological
cause, partly to their less advanced stage of development, they were
the least able to appreciate the practical advantages of the scheme
—the least disposed to submit to the dictates of prosaic expediency.
They firmly believe that, sooner or later, the beautiful dream is
destined to cohere into substance; and, like all dreamers, they abhor
compromise.
The proposal, however, met with opposition in other quarters
than the Russian Ghetto. Sir Charles Eliot, H.M.’s Commissioner for
the East Africa Protectorate, did not approve of it. While disclaiming
all anti-Semitic feeling, he said that his hesitation arose from doubt
as to whether any beneficial result would be obtained from the
scheme. The proposed colony, he pointed out, would not be
sufficiently large to relieve appreciably the congested and suffering
Jewish population of some parts of Eastern Europe, and he
expressed the fear that the climate and agricultural life would in no
way be suitable to Israelites. Moreover, when the country began to
attract British immigrants who showed an inclination to settle all
round the proposed Jewish colony, he considered that the scheme
became dangerous and deprecated its execution. It was, Sir Charles
declared, tantamount to reproducing in East Africa the very
conditions which have caused so much distress in Eastern Europe:
that is to say, the existence of a compact mass of Jews, differing in
language and customs from the surrounding population, to whom
they are likely to be superior in business capacity but inferior in
fighting power. To his mind, it is best to recognise frankly that such
326
conditions can never exist without danger to the public peace.
Sir Harry Johnston also was at first opposed to the scheme, but,
influenced partly by the development of the idea into a less crude
plan, and by the opening up of the country by the Uganda Railway,
partly, perhaps, by the intimate connection between the proposal and
the solution of our own overcrowding problem, he was ultimately
327
converted into a warm supporter of it. Soon afterwards a
Commission was despatched to East Africa to report on the tract of
land offered by the British Government for the proposed Zionist
328
settlement, —a proof that official opposition was abandoned.
But the opposition on the part of the Jews remained, as was
shown by the comments of the Jewish press of America on Mr. Israel
Zangwill’s visit to that country with a view to interesting American
Jews in the project, by his own “absolute and profound disgust” at
their cold irresponsiveness, and even more clearly by the
establishment of the London Zionist League. The President of this
association, Mr. Herbert Bentwich, in his inaugural address,
commenting on the matter, said that the British East Africa scheme
had never touched Zionism in the slightest degree; that it was a
mere accident in Jewish history to which Zionists could not devote
their energies; that the offer of territory had been made as a practical
expression of sympathy “by those who would exclude the alien
immigrant from Great Britain and as such was gratefully to be
received, but it could never be dealt with seriously,” and that the
Zionists hoped not to amend but to end the Jewish distress; that
329
being the object for which the league had been formed in London.
The Commission’s report, published in English and German, was
partly unfavourable and partly inconclusive; but even if it had been
favourable it is doubtful whether it would have met with approval. At
all events, when the scheme was definitely submitted to the Zionist
Congress at Basel, towards the end of July, 1905, it gave rise to
scenes of an unexampled character in the history of Zionism. The
Congress was divided into “Palestinians,” who were opposed to any
Jewish national settlement outside Palestine, and into
“Territorialists,” who maintained that the true aim of Zionism is to
obtain an autonomous settlement anywhere. The latter party, led by
Mr. Zangwill, was strongly in favour of the British offer; the former
was as strongly against it. After a stormy discussion the scheme was
rejected, and a resolution was adopted by an overwhelming majority,
in which the Seventh Zionist Congress reaffirmed the principle of the
creation of a legally secured home for the Jewish people in
Palestine, repudiating, both as object and as means, all colonising
activity outside Palestine, and adjacent lands, and, while thanking
the British Government for its kindness, it expressed the hope that
the latter will continue to aid the Zionists in their efforts to attain their
true aim. Thus this episode in the history of Zionism came to an end.
While the East Africa scheme was the subject of so much
discord both among the Jews and elsewhere, the leader of the
Zionists passed away. Dr. Herzl died at Edlach, in Austria, on the 3rd
of July, 1904, denied the happiness of seeing the mission to which
he had consecrated his life fulfilled. Among his adherents he has left
the reputation of a fervent apostle of emancipation, an inspired
idealist, a Messiah burning with the desire to rescue his people from
persecution and to lead them back to the Land of Promise. But even
those least inclined to follow his lead, could not but admire in him
that single-minded devotion to an ideal and that steadfastness in its
pursuit, which, whether success crowns their possessor or not,
proclaim the great man. Among the masses of his suffering co-
religionists the claims of Dr. Herzl to gratitude are less liable to
qualification. His personality produced a deep impression on their
imagination, and his efforts to realise the dream of eighteen
centuries, aided by the magic of his eloquence and the grace of his
manner, stirred their hearts to their inmost depths. Parents named
their children after Dr. Herzl, and his death aroused universal grief.
Ten thousand mourners, men and women, accompanied the funeral
to the Vienna cemetery, where the remains of the leader were laid to
rest amid the lamentations of his followers. The latter subsequently
gave a tangible proof of their gratitude by providing for their leader’s
orphaned family, and by resolving to perpetuate his memory in a
manner that would have pleased him. The memorial is to take the
form of a forest of ten thousand olive trees planted in some historic
spot in Palestine, and to be known as the Herzl Forest.
It would be rash to affirm that Zionism has died with Dr. Herzl.
Since his death, however, the movement has suffered a certain
transformation. Although his East Africa project has been rejected by
the majority of the party, and though both those who favoured it and
those who opposed it are now persuaded of the hopelessness of a
chartered home in Palestine, yet the plan of a return to the Land of
Promise still is enthusiastically adhered to, especially by the
sufferers of the Russian Ghetto: with the only difference that
repatriation is no longer looked for from the Sultan, or from the
European Powers, but from individual effort. Side by side with
political and diplomatic activity abroad, the Congress of 1905
resolved upon practical work in Palestine itself. This will take the
form of general investigation into the country’s resources and its
economic possibilities, and attempts at amelioration of its
administrative conditions. In other words, the colonisation of
Palestine is to be encouraged and its autonomy postponed until the
Jews are established in sufficient numbers to obtain their ultimate
object. “Creep into Palestine anyway. Colonise, redeem the land,
populate it, establish factories, stimulate trade; in a word, rebuild
Palestine and then see what the Sultan will say.” This is the advice
330
given by a prominent Jew to his co-religionists. Whether these
endeavours will yield the desired fruit or not is a matter on which it
would be more prudent to express an opinion after the event. It is
equally difficult to forecast the outcome of Mr. Zangwill’s “Jewish
Territorial Organisation,” which, abandoning Zion at all events for the
moment, seeks to found a Jewish Colony elsewhere. This variation
of the Zionist programme has attracted the sympathy of many of
those who stood completely aloof from the Herzl scheme. At the
same time it has driven a wedge into Zionism proper.
Meanwhile, it would be idle to deny that, viewed as a whole, the
Jewish Question at the present moment stands pretty much where it
has been at any time during the last eighteen hundred years. A few
Jews have solved the problem for themselves by assimilation to their
surroundings. Some more dwell among the Gentiles in a state of
benevolent neutrality: one with them on the surface, but at heart
distinct; performing all the duties of citizenship conscientiously and
sharing in the intellectual and political life of their adopted countries
brilliantly; yet, by their avoidance of intermarriage, implying the
existence of an insuperable barrier between themselves and those
who have not the good fortune to be descended from Abraham. But
the bulk of the race still is a people of wanderers; and their hope of
restoration little more than a beautiful, melancholy dream. There are
at the present hour upwards of ten million Jews, scattered to the four
corners of the earth. Nine of these millions live in Europe: two-thirds
of them in Russia, Roumania and Poland. In the Middle Ages
persecution in the West had driven them Eastwards. Lately
persecution in the East has turned the tide Westwards. There is no
rest for Israel. If the past and the present are any guides regarding
the future, it is safe to predict that for many centuries to come the
world will continue to witness the unique and mournful spectacle of a
great people roaming to and fro on the highways of the earth in
search of a home.
APPROXIMATE DENSITY OF THE JEWISH POPULATION.
London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd.
 FOOTNOTES
1
The oldest Greek author in whose works the term occurs is the
orator Isaeus who flourished b.c. 364; the earliest Latin writer
is Plautus who died b.c. 184. Of course, the word, though very
good Hebrew, may have been imported into Europe by the
Phoenicians. But it would be a bold man who would attempt to
distinguish between Jewish and Phoenician merchants at this
time of day.
2
I. Macc. xiii. 51.
3
On the other hand, a famous Palestinian authority, Abbahu (c.
279–320 a.d.), was a noted friend of Greek. He taught it to his
daughters as “an ornament.” Of Abbahu it was said that he
was the living illustration of Ecclesiastes vii. 18 “It is good that
thou shouldst take hold of this (i.e. the Jewish Law), yet also
from that (i.e. Gentile culture) withdraw not thy hand: for he
that feareth God shall come forth of them all.” Hellenism might
appeal sometimes to the Jew’s head, though it never thrilled
his heart. Cf. p. 39 below.
4
Hdt. i. 1–5.
5
Justin Mart. Dial. i.–vii.
6
I am referring here to what seems to me characteristic of
Hebraism in the earlier periods when it came into contact and
conflict with Hellenism. In its subsequent development
Pharisaism (which gradually absorbed the whole of the Jewish
people) avoided undue asceticism and laid stress on the joy of
 living. “Joyous service” became the keynote of Judaism and
Jewish life in the Middle-ages, as it was the keynote of many
Pharisees in the first centuries of the Christian era. The
Essenes, though highly important in the history of primitive
Christianity, had less influence on the main development of
Rabbinic Judaism.
7
Bk. i. ch. vi. 5–7.
8
Mac. xiv.–xv.
9
Pro L. Flacco, 28. All the references made to the Jews and
Judaism in Greek and Latin literature have been well collected
and interpreted by T. Reinach in his Textes d’auteurs grecs et
romains relatifs au Judaisme (Paris, 1895).
10
Suetonius, Julius, 84.
11
Id. Augustus, 93.
12
Suetonius, Tiberius, 36.
13
Tacitus, Historia, v. 9.
14
Suetonius, Claudius, 25. Cp. Acts, xviii. 2.
15
Sat. i. 9, 69, etc.
16
Ant. 18. 3 (4).
17
Sat. v. 184.
18
Fgm. ap. Augustin., Civ. D. 6, 11.
19
Sat. xiv. 96–99, etc.
20
Isaiah iii. 26.
21
Deuter. vii. 3; Nehem. xiii. 25.
22
Juvenal, Sat. xiv. 97.
23
Tacitus, Hist. v. 9.
24
Hist. v. 4.
25
Hist. v. 8.
26
Ib. 5. Cp. Juv. Sat. xiv. 103–4.
27
Annales, xv. 44.
28
Juv. Sat. iii. 12–14.
29
Hist. i. 1.
30
It is, however, only fair to add that the Jewish records know
nothing of these atrocities, and, as M. Reinach justly
comments, the above details (for which Dion Cassius is our
sole authority) “inspirent la méfiance.” The numbers of the
victims, as reported by Dion, are in themselves sufficient to
throw doubt upon the story.
31
H. Graetz, History of the Jews, Eng. tr. vol. ii. p. 405.
32
Mommsen, History of Rome, Eng. tr. vol. iv. p. 642.
33
Just. Mart. Dial. xvii.
34
c Cels. vi. 27.
35
This account of the fervid response of the Jews to Julian’s call,
based on the authority of Christian writers, is pronounced by
the Jewish historian Graetz “purely fictitious” (History of the
Jews, Eng. tr. vol. ii. p. 606). At any rate, it seems to be a
fiction that bears upon it a clearer mark of verisimilitude than
many a “historical” document relating to this period.
36
That the ‘Haman’ so burned was only an effigy is now clearly
shown by an original Geonic Responsum on the subject
discovered in the Cairo Geniza and published in the Jewish
Quarterly Review, xvi. pp. 651 fol.
37
The exact date of the “Tour” is disputed. It probably occupied
the thirteen years between 1160 and 1173.
38
Benjamin of Tudela’s Itinerary, p. 24 (ed. Asher). A new critical
edition (by M. N. Adler) has recently appeared in the Jewish
Quarterly Review. For the passage in the text see ibid. xvi.
730.
39
H. Graetz, History of the Jews, vol. iii. p. 31.
40
H. Graetz, History of the Jews, vol. iii. p. 38.
41
With regard to the legal relations between the Jews and the
various mediaeval states see J. E. Scherer’s Beiträge zur
Geschichte des Judenrechtes im Mittelalter (1901), a work
unhappily left incomplete by the death of the author.
42
Joseph Jacobs, “The God of Israel” in the Nineteenth Century,
September 1879.
43
J. E. Sandys, A History of Classical Scholarship, pp. 539 fol.
44
H. Graetz, History of the Jews, vol. iii. p. 349. For some fine
translations of Jehuda Halevi’s poems the reader may turn to
Mrs. H. Lucas’ The Jewish Year (Macmillan, 1898) and to Mrs.
R. N. Salaman’s Songs of Exile (Macmillan, 1905). Jehuda
Halevi’s philosophical dialogue the Khazari has recently been
translated into English by Dr. H. Hirschfeld (Routledge, 1905).
45
Joseph Jacobs, “The God of Israel,” The Nineteenth Century,
September, 1879. The Guide has been translated into English
by Dr. M. Friedländer (1885; new edition, Routledge, 1904).
46
H. Graetz, History of the Jews, vol. iii. p. 509.
47
For Maimonides see the volume on the subject by D. Yellin and
I. Abrahams in the Jewish Worthies Series, Vol. I. (Macmillan,
1903).
48
Vogelstein and Rieger, Geschichte der Juden in Rom, i, pp.
136 fol. In general this work should be consulted for all points
of contact between the Papacy and Judaism in the middle
ages.
49
Ibn Verga, Shebet Yehuda (ed. Wiener), p. 50.
50
Statutes of Avignon quoted by Israel Abrahams, Jewish Life in
the Middle Ages, p. 408.
51
In the first century of our era Aristo of Pella is said to have
been the author of an attempt to prove from the Prophets that
Jesus was the Messiah. Justin Martyr followed in his path, and
the latter writer’s arguments subsequently reappear in the
works of Tertullian and other Fathers. See W. Trollope’s edition
of S. Justini Dialogus, p. 4.
52
Heine’s famous satire “Disputation” well characterises the
futility of these public controversies; “der Jude wird verbrannt”
was Lessing’s grim summary in Nathan der Weise. See also
Schechter, Studies in Judaism, pp. 125 fol.
53
Lord Curzon, Problems of the Far East, p. 298.
54
Israel Abrahams, Jewish Life in the Middle Ages, p. 407.
55
Lord Curzon, Problems of the Far East, p. 303.
56
Inferno, xi. 49–50.
57
Deuter. xxiii. 19.
58
Ps. xv. 1, 5.
59
Koran (Sale’s tr.) ch. ii.
60
Rep. 555 E.
61
Laws, 742 c.
62
Pol. i. 3, 23.
63
Fifth Homily.
64
We hear, for example, that early in the thirteenth century
interest was fixed by law at 12½ per cent. at Verona, while at
Modena towards the end of the same century it seems to have
been as high as 20 per cent. The Republic of Genoa, a
hundred years later, despite Italy’s commercial prosperity, paid
from 7 to 10 per cent. to her creditors. Much more oppressive
were the conditions of the money market in France and
England. Instances occur of 50 per cent., and there is an edict
of Philip Augustus limiting the Jews in France to 48 per cent. At
the beginning of the fourteenth century an ordinance of Philip
the Fair allows 20 per cent. after the first year of a loan, while
in England under Henry III. there are cases on record of 10 per
cent. for two months.
65
The notorious legend of Hugh of Lincoln is placed by the
chronicler, Matthew Paris, in the year 1255. The prolific nature
of monkish imagination on this subject is shown by the
subjoined facts due to Tyrwhitt’s researches: “In the first four
months of the Acta Sanctorum by Bollandus, I find the
following names of children canonized, as having been
murdered by Jews:

XXV.Mart.Willielmus Norvicensis, 1144;

Richardus, Parisiis, 1179;
XVII.Apr. Rudolphus, Bernae, 1287;
Wernerus, Wesaliae, anno eodem;
Albertus, Poloniae, 1598.

I suppose the remaining eight months would furnish at least

as many more.” Quoted by Dr. W. W. Skeat, Chaucer, Intr., p.
xxiii.
66
A contemporary historian pathetically states that in 1248 “no
foreigner, let alone an Englishman, could look at an English
coin with dry eyes and unbroken heart.” Henry III. issued a
 new coin; but it was not long ere it reached the condition of the
older one. In England the penalty for the crime was loss of life
or limbs.
67
W. Cunningham, The Growth of English Industry and
Commerce, p. 187.
68
The original charter of expulsion has recently been discovered;
it was, by a gracious irony of history, found at Leicester at a
time when a Jew had been thrice mayor of the town.
69
See above, p. 98.
70
Alami, quoted by H. Graetz, History of the Jews, vol. iv. p. 220.
71
A History of the Inquisition of Spain, by H. C. Lea (Macmillan,
Vols. I., II. and III. of which have now appeared, 1906), is a
monumental work on its subject.
72
Apologia pro vita sua, p. 29.
73
This attachment of Jews to countries with which they have long
been identified recurs at the present day. Jewish emigration
associations are constantly faced by the reluctance of very
many Russian Jews to tear themselves from Russia.
74
As a matter of fact, Celestine V. hardly deserves this sentence.
It was not cowardice but native humility, the consciousness of
the temptations of power, physical weakness, and the hermit’s
longing for tranquillity that impelled the Pope to resign after five
months and eight days’ pontificate. Commentators had hitherto
agreed in applying the above passage to Celestine V., but
recent opinion rejects the traditional interpretation. However
that may be, the point which concerns us is that Dante
censures a pope.
75
See Berliner, Persönliche Beziehungen zwischen Christen und
Juden. Reference should also be made to the same author’s
Geschichte der Juden in Rom.
76
Paradiso, xii.
77
Praef. ad Librum de Serm. Lat., quoted by Tyrwhitt in Dr. W. W.
Skeat’s Chaucer, Intr., p. xxiii.
78
See above, p. 170.
79
A good account of the Roman Ghetto may be found in E.
Rodocanachi’s Le Saint-Siège et les Juifs: Le Ghetto à Rome
(Paris, 1891).
80
Browning in his Holy-Cross Day has depicted the farcical
grotesqueness of these efforts at conversion as unsparingly as
Heine satirised the compulsory controversies. Cp. above, p. 98
n.
81
Diary, March 23, 1646.
82
I. Abrahams, Jewish Life in the Middle Ages, pp. 409–410.
83
S. Schechter, Studies in Judaism, p. 15.
84
William Hazlitt’s Translation, ch. 857.
85
Ch. 853.
86
Ch. 852.
87
Ch. 700.
88
Ch. 859.
89
Ch. 852.
90
Ch. 864.
91
Ibid.
92
H. Graetz, History of the Jews, vol. iv. p. 502.
93
Ch. 857.
 94
Ch. 864.
95
Ch. 866.
96
Ch. 852.
97
Ibid.
98
Ibid.
99
Ibid.
100
Ch. 856.
101
Ch. 861.
102
Ch. 864.
103
Ch. 852.
104
Ch. 855.
105
Ch. 867.
106
Ch. 862.
107
Ch. 858.
108
Ch. 852.
109
Ch. 854.
110
Ch. 860.
111
Ch. 854.
112
Ch. 855.
113
Ch. 854.
114
Ch. 861.
115
Ch. 865.
116
Ch. 869.
117
Ch. 355. O Martin, Martin! What of the “circumcision of the
heart,” to say nothing about Christian charity? But this was in
1541.
118
Ch. 861.
119
Ch. 865.
120
Ch. 866.
121
Von den Juden und Ihren Luegen (1544) is the title of one of
these pamphlets. See H. Graetz, History of the Jews, vol. iv.
pp. 583 fol.
122
For the history of the Hamburg Jews, see M. Grunwald’s
Hamburg’s Deutsche Juden, 1904.
123
On Pfefferkorn and Reuchlin see two papers by S. A. Hirsch in
A Book of Essays (Macmillan, 1905).
124
See above, p. 175.
125
Perhaps the most lucid and impartial estimate of Spinoza’s
place in the world of thought, accessible to the English reader,
is to be found in Sir Frederick Pollock’s Spinoza: His Life and
Philosophy. This work also contains in an appendix a reprint of
the English translation (1706) of the Dutch biography of
Spinoza by his friend the Lutheran minister Johannes Colerus,
published in 1705. The latest biography of Spinoza, based on
new materials, is J. Freudenthal’s Spinoza, sein Leben und
seine Lehre, Erster Band, Das Leben Spinozas (Stuttgart,
1904).
126
Confessio Amantis, bk. vii.
127
See above, p. 199.