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 2, 3. Classics 2, 3. Classics
& &
Arithmetic. Arithmetic.

THE LOWER DIVISION.

Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday.

4, 5. 4, 7. Classics 5, 6. Classics 4, 5. 4, 5. Classics
Classics & History. & Classics. &
& 6. Geography 6, 7. Geography.
Scripture Arithmetic. . Arithmetic. 7. Arithmetic.
. 5. French. 7. Arithmetic. 6. French
Morning
6, 7. 4. French.
Arithmeti
c&
Scripture
.
5, 6. 4, 5. 6, 7. 6, 7. 6, 7. Classics.
Classics. Classics. Classics. Classics. 4, 5.
7. 7. Arithmetic. 4, 5. 4. Arithmetic.
Afternoon
Arithmeti 6. French. Arithmetic. Arithmetic.
c. 5. French.
4. French.
6, 7. One 7. One hour 6, 7. One 6, 7. One
hour in the in the hour in hour in the
morning morning the morning
for Latin for morning for
Grammar, Grammar, for Exercise,
Exercise, Exercise, Geography Grammar
etc. etc. Exercise, or History.
etc.

THE MODERN LANGUAGE MASTER.

Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday.

Morning 2, 3. French. 5. French. 4. French. 2, 3. French. 6. French.
Afternoon 4. French. 6. French. German. 5. French. German.

N.B. The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, mark the different classes

The stragglers, not classified, are included under number 7.
Every class did Classics for at least two hours every day, very often four. English had no
place in the Schedule for the first three forms; yet by the scheme the second and third
had to attend the English Master. Arithmetic was the only subject of a mathematical
type. It was only a scheme for the General Course of Instruction and doubtless under
the name of Classics or of Mathematics, they may have found some scope for English
or Scripture. Scripture was certainly done by the first and second but possibly only in
the Greek Testament.
The Examiner appointed by the Bishop of Ripon in 1855 paid many tributes to the
excellence of the first class, and added "all of whom bid fair to do honour to the School
by high University distinction." It is the nature of some men to exude praise, but words
such as these certainly seem to point to a very fair level of scholarship in the class
taken by Dr. Butterton and to considerable powers of teaching on his part.
Dr. Butterton was destined to rule the School for two more years, but they were filled
with such bitter fruit that it is difficult to describe them. It will be remembered that the
Governors according to the new scheme held themselves responsible for the election of
boys who wished to enter the School. At the beginning of every term the Headmaster
would supply them with a list of boys, with the district from which they came and, if
there was room for them, there seems to have been no hesitation about admitting
them. There was not even, as far as appears, a question of a certificate of character
for those boys who wished to be Boarders, though perhaps it was so customary since
Ingram's early years that it passes without comment. Only once, in 1854, does the
number of applicants appear to have exceeded the number of vacancies. Acting on the
presumption that such a selection or election was almost a matter of form Dr.
Butterton admitted certain boys into the School on his own authority in 1856. He had
clearly put himself in the wrong and he was admonished by the Governors.
There was also at the same time a dispute between him and the Governors, relative to
the appointment of the Modern Language Master. There had been several applicants
and one had been chosen, but the Headmaster did not consider the choice wholly an
impartial one and he was unwise enough to say so. The Governors pointed out to him
that the appointment of the Masters was vested wholly in the Governors and that it
was most improper for him to interfere. The Governors were acting perfectly within
their rights and in accordance with the scheme. But the scheme was totally unsound
for the proper management of a School. Again when Dr. Butterton wished the
Whitsuntide holidays to be added to the month in the Summer, he was informed that
according to the scheme there must be holidays at Whitsuntide and not more than a
month in the Summer, and so nothing could be done.
Perhaps as a man he was too impetuous and slightly intolerant, and, though it would
have been difficult for the most godly of men to keep a school alive and progressing
under such conditions, it was quite impossible for him to hope to succeed, unless he
kept the staff upon his side. But he quarrelled with John Howson, the Usher, on two
distinct occasions, one on a question of discipline and one with regard to a French
Class that he caused to be held during School hours in his own house, by a man of his
own choice. On both occasions the immediate cause of disagreement was but the final
spark of a smouldering and mutual discontent, and it is impossible to distribute the
blame.
The Modern Language Master was placed upstairs in the High School and a space was
partitioned off for him from the main part of the room, where Mr. Langhorne was
giving Elementary Instruction. Such an arrangement was not entirely suitable and the
French Classes were afterwards taken in the room which had been especially built for
them next to the Library.
The next months saw the gradual development of a situation that caused Dr.
Butterton's retirement. The Rev. John Howson also showed signs of so serious an
illness that he expressed his readiness to retire, should some suitable arrangement be
made. The Governors agreed to give him a pension of £120 a year.
Dr. Butterton's Headmastership cannot be dismissed without a reference to certain
customs that were prevalent in his time. Down the centre of the pathway that runs
alongside the School palings on to the main road there is a black stone fixed in the
ground. This was a familiar place of torture. Every new boy was taken thither and
made to sit down heavily on its top. It was a custom that continued for some years,
until the removal of the School buildings to their present position took away the
temptation. The distribution of Figs and Bread on March 12 still continued but cock-
fighting had gradually died out. It had long been the custom to use the Figs as missiles
and the objects of attack were Masters, Governors, spectators and even Ladies. It is
very difficult to say whether March 12, was ever a day on which the Masters used to
collect money gifts from the boys. Potation Day was the customary day for such
offerings in many schools, but at Giggleswick the practice of receiving money from the
Scholars was particularly forbidden in the case of the Writing Master in 1799, and at
other times. And it may be that money was taken in a more official way. Three guineas
frequently appears in the Minute-Book as the "contribution of the Scholars" towards
the firing and heating of the School, and in 1852 blinds were provided for the School
windows, but the Minute-Book expressly said that they were to be kept in repair by the
Boys.
There has already been occasion to notice the very heavy glazier bills that the
Governors had to meet, and there is a fitting commentary upon them in an extract
from a letter to the Governors written by the Rev. Dr. Butterton:
"I take the opportunity of mentioning a circumstance, which requires the interference of the magistrates or at any
rate of the police. Every evening all the rabble of Giggleswick and Settle assemble in the Schoolyard and conduct
themselves in such a riotous manner, that no schoolboy dare enter the yard and no lady dare pass through it. They
play at ball against the library wall to the imminent danger of the windows, and frequently climb up to the top of the
building to the serious injury of the roof. As the nuisance seems to increase every evening, it appears to me that
strong measures must be taken to put it down."

This chapter cannot close without a brief and inadequate account of the Rev. John
Howson. He was born at Giggleswick in 1787 and was a pupil at the School during the
later years of William Paley's Headmastership; in 1798 his name was in the list of
pupils who received a prize. He graduated B.A. and M.A. at Dublin, and in March, 1814,
he came back to his old School as Second Master on John Armstrong's death. He was
ordained Priest and married a daughter of Mr. J. Saul, who had been at one time
Writing Master at the School. He remained at Giggleswick till his death. He was of a
type of schoolmaster, now extinct, hot tempered, but kindly natured; one of his pupils
is said to have returned from the Colonies bent on one thing, determined to have his
revenge on Howson for some act of supposed injustice done to him as a boy. His
portrait reveals a geniality that marked him always, though at times he was inclined to
distrust new ideas and new men. He preferred the well-trodden path.

REV. JOHN HOWSON, M.A.

 SIR JAMES KAY-SHUTTLEWORTH.
The year before Dr. Butterton had been appointed Headmaster had been marked by
the first appearance of a School Magazine, of which record remains. The Giggleswick
School Olio ran to three numbers under the motto of Vade, Vale, Cave. Its
contributions are ambitious and graceful, poetry haunts its pages, and is of a kind that
reflects considerable Classical reading.
Two boys under Dr. Butterton deserve some mention. Jackson Mason, the son,
grandson, and father of Giggleswick boys, recited a poem in honour of the re-building
of the School in 1851, and after being a scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, became
later Vicar of Settle. Though an invalid, he made his mark as a translator of many
hymns from the old Latin, and his work remains in the Ancient and Modern Hymn-
Book. J. H. Lupton was a Scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge, and afterwards
Fifth Classic and Surmaster of S. Paul's School. These are not isolated examples of the
academic success that attended Dr. Butterton's Headmastership. The Speech Day of
1855 recorded not a few. It was notable for being the first year a Giggleswick boy—
Bramley—had ever won the Lady Elizabeth Hastings' Exhibition at Queen's College,
Oxford, and was marked by high distinctions gained at Cambridge by three other
former boys, Lupton, Mason, and Leeming.
Under Dr. Butterton there is probably little doubt that, with the exception of his last
year, the School had increased greatly in efficiency. Its numbers averaged eighty-three
and once reached ninety-one. It had re-built itself and had attracted the generosity of
old boys and friends in the endowment of prizes. The subjects of instruction had been
increased. The discipline, had improved. Fresh blood had been wanted, and a fresh
scheme. They were both obtained. But perhaps the scheme did not represent the
summit of human wisdom, perhaps the fresh blood was too rich.

Chapter IX.
 The Rev. J. R. Blakiston.

T
HE resignation of Dr. Butterton did not in any way modify the determination of the
Governors to hold by the existing Scheme. A printed notice of the qualifications
required by the new Master and Usher was sent out. The Master had to excel in all
branches of learning, the higher branches of Greek and Latin Literature, advanced
Mathematics, Logic, Rhetoric, English of all kinds and Moral and Political Philosophy.
The qualifications of the Usher were less exacting. Salaries at a minimum of £210 and
£150 were offered, and for every additional boy in the School after the first thirty and
up to sixty, the Master received £5, the Usher £2 as a capitation fee. Each was given a
house and garden, rent free, and could take boarders.
More than forty applications for the mastership were received and the Rev. John
Richard Blakiston was appointed. Born in 1829 he was educated at Trinity College,
Cambridge, where he gained a Scholarship. In 1853 he was Second Classic and took
Mathematical Honours. A Fellowship Examination was to be held in October, 1854, and
Mr. Blakiston was studying for it, when Thring, who had been recently appointed to
Uppingham, offered him a post there as a House-Master. After three-and-a-half years
he accepted the Headmastership of Preston Corporation School and a year later—
December, 1858—was appointed to Giggleswick. At the same meeting of the Governors
the Rev. Matthew Wood was appointed Usher. Born in 1831 he was a Scholar of S.
Catherine's College, Cambridge, and later an Assistant Master at Durham School.
John Langhorne was the only survivor of the days of Butterton and almost immediately
he resigned and was succeeded by Mr. Arthur Brewin, who had been trained as a
teacher in the Chelsea Training College and had served under Blakiston at Preston. His
salary was to be £130 a year. A Modern Language Master was also chosen.
The following December the usual examination took place and the Bishop of Ripon
appointed the Rev. Frederic William Farrar, who at that time was a Fellow of Trinity
College, Cambridge, and a Master at Harrow. This first report is important, because of
the great contrast it presents when compared with later years. The School in 1859 was
staffed by very able, young and ambitious men, indeed Mr. Blakiston's intellectual
capacity and ability as a teacher were quite exceptional, and the report speaks in terms
of commendation of the work of the School, especially of the boys under Blakiston and
Brewin.
 REV. J. R. BLAKISTON.
In the next year 1860, the examiner appointed was the Rev. J. T. B. Landon, sometime
Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; the progress that he reported was by no means so
satisfactory as in the previous year. He praised the efficiency of the staff, but he
pointed out that the pupils were not so advanced as to be able to profit sufficiently
from the teaching. Similarly in 1861 there were no boys whose knowledge
corresponded with that of an average sixth form in one of the greater Public Schools.
The causes were twofold. The number of boys had steadily decreased from ninety-six
in Dr. Butterton's time, to fifty-six in 1860, and thereafter to an even greater extent.
The consequence was that the competition became considerably less acute, and the
proportion of boys from the neighbourhood considerably greater. Such boys would
clearly in the main be less likely to profit by the efficiency of the teaching than boys
from a greater distance. But there was a second and a contributory cause. The
anomalous position of the Master and Usher, each of whom had a freehold in his office,
had led to awkward incidents under the late Headmaster. But they were now
accentuated by the fact that both Master and Usher were young men and were
appointed at the same time. The subordination of the Usher to the Master was
regulated by the Statutes of 1592, but in so vague a manner that they allowed room
for all manner of evasion. It would be an unprofitable task to discuss these differences
in detail; let it be sufficient to say that matters reached such a pitch that the Master
was summoned before the Settle Bench of Magistrates on a charge of excessive vigour
in applying punishment, and that the Usher was expected (though he did not do so) to
appear as a witness for the Prosecution. The summons was dismissed, and the Master
exonerated from all blame, but such a procedure was not calculated to enhance the
prestige of the School, or modify the mutual difficulties of the Headmaster and Usher.
One of the chief of the minor causes of complaint was the position of the boarders.
The advertisement issued for the purpose of encouraging applicants for the posts of
Master and Usher had signified that both men could take boarders and so increase
their salary. But Craven Bank, which was the Master's residence, was quite unsuited for
the housing of boys. Butterton had only the attics to put them in, and Blakiston found
it impossible to take any boys, except by allowing them to live entirely with his own
family, and inhabit the same rooms, and for this he asked a higher fee of £75 a year.
The Usher on the other hand was given a smaller house, but in April, 1859, the
Governing Body spent £700 in enlarging it, and building what is now the Sanatorium.
By this means he was able to take ten or twelve boys, keep them quite separate from
his own family, and board them on lower terms than the Master at £56. As the
numbers declined, the necessity for both men to have boarders disappeared, and in
consequence the lower fees and the more comfortable internal arrangements of the
Usher's house caused it to be more desirable in the eyes of the parents, and in
January, 1863, the Usher had ten boarders, the Master one.
These were the more trivial causes of complaint, but Mr. Blakiston had too big a mind
to suffer himself to be obsessed by the accidentals. He was fighting, and consciously
fighting, a much bigger battle. Dr. Arnold had fought and won it at Rugby some years
before, but the path at Giggleswick was not therefore the easier. The real point at issue
was the 1844 Scheme for the Management of the School. It had driven away Dr.
Butterton, it was harassing his successor. Mr. Blakiston on one occasion had to receive
permission from the Governing Body to have the floor raised on his dais in the School,
in order that he might have a better view of the boys as a whole. He could not arrange
holidays without permission, he could not admit the boys without authority, he could
not insist on a change in the pronunciation of Latin without rousing the interference of
the Governors. The pronunciation, that is to-day called "new," was introduced by Mr.
Blakiston in 1860, as well as a novel method of pronouncing Greek; he tried in vain to
induce other Headmasters to follow his example.
These restrictions were particularly harassing to an ambitious and enthusiastic man,
and in March, 1862, he applied to the Charity Commissioners for an amendment of the
Scheme. They were unwilling to take any hand in it on the mere motion of the Master,
and their refusal led to much recrimination. Men, anonymous and otherwise, wrote to
the Newspapers commenting on the decadence of the School in efficiency and
numbers, and the subject became well-worn. In the midst of it Mr. Blakiston received
generous and unexpected support. Mr James Foster, a City of London Merchant, who
had been educated at Giggleswick and had property in the neighbourhood, heard of
the dissension that was going on, and read the published pamphlets of Mr. Blakiston.
He accordingly asked his nephew and partner—Mr. James Knowles—to wait upon Mr.
Blakiston with the offer of £500 wherewith he might be enabled to continue his efforts.
James Knowles also wrote independently to the Charity Commissioners, as a member
of the public anxious for the welfare of a School in whose neighbourhood he owned
property. He called attention to the differences which had arisen between the Master
and the Usher and the consequent depression of the School, and desired that they
should open an investigation themselves in the interests of the Public.
Meanwhile the Governors had at last bestirred themselves and in September, 1862,
had caused a letter to be written to the Commissioners, asking for an amendment to
the Scheme. They suggested that, in accordance with Mr. Blakiston's suggestion, the
area, from which members of their body could be chosen, should be slightly extended
and their numbers raised from the statutory eight to fifteen. They put forward the
names of seven additional members, but on two declining the honour, they reduced
the number to five. The great danger of the previous number of eight drawn from the
small area of the Parish of Giggleswick had lain in the tendency to choose men, who
were closely allied one to another by ties of relationship and so possibly of prejudice.
In 1864 the Scheme was so amended and the new Governors were chosen. They
included three men, who soon shewed a very real, active and enlightened interest in
the prosperity of the School—Sir James Kay Shuttleworth, Mr. C. S. Roundell, and Mr.
Walter Morrison. One object had now been attained and the way lay open for a more
thorough amendment of the position of the Master.
But first it will not be amiss to mention other features of the School life. Potation Day
was celebrated to the usual accompaniment of Figs until the year 1860, when the
Charity Commissioners objected to it and to the Governors' dinners as a waste of trust
funds. The Governors declined to entertain the objection, but limited the expenditure
on the dinner given by the Governors to themselves and the Masters to £12, and any
further expense was to be borne by the whole body of Governors present. The
following year the dinner was again held and paid for as formerly, but in 1862 the
differences between the Master and Usher and the death of one of the Governors gave
them an opportunity of omitting the dinner in a dignified manner. Since that date the
dinner has never been held. Fig-day, as far as the boys were concerned, was also
celebrated this year but for the last time. In 1863 it was resolved that the customary
payment of three guineas by the Scholars for School fires and cleaning should be
discontinued and the money which had been collected in the winter of 1859-60 was to
be applied to the purchase by Mr. Blakiston of books for the School Library. This is the
first recorded intimation of the buying of books for the Library, which had been built by
Dr. Butterton.
 HECTOR CHRISTIE,
Chairman of the Governors.
In 1861 it was decided to purchase for the School a clock not exceeding the value of
£5 and also to erect a shed in the Schoolyard. It was to be used as a playing and
drilling place for the boys in wet weather, but as the estimated cost of it was £80 the
Governors refrained from carrying the matter further until July, 1862. In that year
some members of a committee, who had been appointed many years earlier to
promote the decoration in the re-building of the School reported that they had £66 3s.
9d. in hand. This they offered to the Governors to assist them in the building of the
shed in an ornamental style. In 1864 it was suggested that the Building Committee
should report on the additional cost, for which the shed then in course of erection
could be converted into Fives Courts. In 1865 Mrs. Kempson, of Holywell Toft offered
£150 as a prize, to be called "The Ingram Prize," in memory of her father, the Rev.
Rowland Ingram, sometime Headmaster. Five years previously the Pupils Prize and the
Howson Prize had been suspended, but Mrs. Kempson's offer was gratefully accepted.
She wished it to take the form, if possible, of a Bible with references.
The Usher had already absented himself for one term in order that he might undertake
work at Cirencester, but he found it uncongenial and returned to Giggleswick. In June,
1864, he definitely resigned. The Governors at once requested permission from the
Charity Commissioners to suspend for six months the post of Usher and to appoint a
temporary Assistant to take the work. It was inconvenient to have the freehold
occupied at a time when the Governing Body were contemplating amendments to the
1844 Scheme. In the meantime the Master was allowed the option of living in the
Usher's house.
Henceforth the fortunes of the School began to improve. The position had been so
unenviable that with the temporary vacancy in the freehold of the Usher, the Governors
and the Headmaster began to consider seriously the alteration of the Scheme of
Management. The Charity Commissioners had been approached first in 1862, by Mr.
Blakiston, and, after he had been supported by the Governing Body, the matter
received official attention. An Inspector was sent down in the early part of 1863, and
taking advantage of a reconciliation between the Master and Usher, he refused to
discuss or enquire into the personal aspect of the matter.
His report described the financial resources of the School, which consisted of 732 acres
of land, and produced a yearly income of over £1,120. There was also an increasing
surplus of revenue over expenditure, which three years later amounted to little less
than £800. The average number of boys during the years 1846-1860 had been eighty-
three, and the highest point had been ninety-six. This according to the testimony of
those, who had the longest associations with the School, was a considerably larger
number than had ever been reached at any previous period. In 1860 the number had
dropped to fifty-six, and at the time of the Inspector's visit was fifty-one. Ten of these
were boarders, of whom nine lived in the Usher's House, one with the Headmaster.
There was one day boarder; nine lodged with strangers, four more with relatives, the
rest, twenty-seven in all, were home boarders or boys coming to School from their
homes in the neighbourhood. The education was mainly Classical, although some boys
who were intended for a commercial career were excused Greek and Latin Verse, while
almost all learned both French and German.
The chief difficulty under which the School was labouring, was the class of boy from
which it drew. The whole education was given free and this tempted many parents to
send their sons, who in reality were not fitted to take advantage of the curriculum
provided. There were exceptions, and some boys of humble parentage had
distinguished themselves in an intellectual sphere, but their proportion was not great.
It was therefore suggested that tuition fees should be imposed. Such a charge was
revolutionary and was stoutly condemned by all the inhabitants living around. It
formed the battlefield for ten years. Face to face with the Inspector, the Governors
gave their consent to the change, but presently local pressure became so strong that
they withheld it. But the short Scheme of 1864 which enabled members of the
Governing Body to be chosen from a wider area, and the consequent appointment of
Sir James Kay Shuttleworth gave a great impetus to reform. There was now no
faintness of heart. The increased efficiency of the School became a dominating idea,
and the principle of capitation fees was accepted. But it was impossible to carry
through such a principle without the consent of the neighbourhood. Their enthusiasm
could hardly be looked for, but their goodwill was indispensable. In 1865 their hostility
was lessened to the extent that a compromise was suggested, by which fifty boys
should always be admitted free of capitation fee, and that ability to read and write
should be deemed sufficient to gain admittance. The School had never within living
memory educated more than ninety-six boys, and at this time the numbers were down
to thirty-seven, in 1864 they had been thirty-four, so that the suggested number of
free boys was perhaps somewhat an exaggerated number. The Governors replied by
suggesting twenty-five boys drawn from a radius of eight miles. This would probably
have sufficed for as many as would be likely to benefit in the limited area, and the
limitation in area was only a return to the original desire of the founder to educate
boys who were sons of parents in the neighbourhood.
In October, 1865, Mr. J. G. Fitch inspected the School as an Assistant Commissioner,
under the Schools Enquiry Commission. There were only twenty-two boys in the higher
classes learning Latin, and the Sixth Form consisted of one, while only eight boys in all
were able to read a simple passage from a Latin Author. He noticed several
disadvantages under which the School was labouring, and consequent upon which it
had declined. One of them was the narrow and local character of the Governing Body,
but this had been recently amended by the Scheme of 1864. Another was the obvious
one of the impossibility of having two masters, one nominally subordinate to the other,
and yet each enjoying a freehold. Lastly, he pointed out that there was no effective
supervision by the Governors over the boarding arrangements, and he condemned the
gratuitous character of the instruction, which attracted boys for whom the education at
the National School would have been sufficient.
The Report was issued and negotiations went forward with regard to capitation fees.
The inhabitants of the Parish of Giggleswick were quite open to compromise within a
limited extent. They were willing to reduce the number of free Scholars, but they could
hardly be expected to waive their rights altogether. Instead of fifty they suggested
thirty-five as a suitable number and the Governors agreed to accept thirty but no
longer wished them to be chosen from a limited area. Limitation of area was however
a very important point in the eyes of the Parish and they could not accept the offer. A
deadlock arose. Sir James Shuttleworth saw the danger of jeopardizing the whole
Scheme by their inability to agree upon one point and he boldly proposed to omit the
clause altogether and allow it to stand over, while the rest of the Scheme was carried
through. The Commissioners were asked to give their consent to this omission, and
they were only very reluctantly persuaded to do so, for they had considered it to be a
very important clause.
Even so a further difficulty arose. The freehold of the Usher was in abeyance, and Mr.
Blakiston for the sake of the promised prosperity of the School had been willing to
waive his rights but, when the question of capitation fees was wholly dropped, he
changed his mind and proposed to retain his former position. The whole Scheme was
in danger, until the Governors decided to point out to Mr. Blakiston that his refusal
would in no way impede some of the essentials of the change but that, as they could
not intrude upon his privileges, he would, while he retained the Mastership, continue to
labour under all the disadvantages, which had for seven years made his position so
irksome. He would still be unable to appoint or dismiss his Assistants and his power
over the Scholars would not be changed for the better. The Master's decision was
unaltered, but in March, 1866, he determined to accept an appointment as a
Government Inspector of Schools and so the difficulty was at an end.
The following May the Commissioners promulgated the new Scheme and it will be as
well to discuss it at this point. All boys were to be admitted who could read and write
and were not afflicted with any contagious disorder. The Headmaster was to receive a
salary of not less than £250 a year and was to be appointed by the Governors subject
to the approval of the Bishop of Ripon, the Visitor of the School. He could be dismissed
by a two-thirds majority of the Governors, without any cause being assigned. A house
was provided for him and he could both appoint and dismiss all the Assistant Masters
and have complete and sole control over the supervision and discipline of the boys.
These regulations were a great step forward and the power of the Headmaster became
a real power. Scholarships were also to be given to deserving boys, and they were to
be tenable at the School. This was a new departure and had been suggested by the
desire to impose capitation fees, which would in particular cases be excused. The
Scholarships under the amended Scheme would be spent in part payment of the
boarding fees. Leaving Exhibitions were also to be awarded and were intended to
supplement the various moneys massed under the heading of Burton Rents.
The year 1865 was marked also by another equally notable enquiry. At the half-yearly
meeting a Committee was appointed to enquire into the advisability of extending the
boarding accommodation. The present arrangements were not satisfactory. The
Usher's house could not accommodate more than ten boys, the Master's not so many.
Any other boys from a distance were compelled to live with anyone in the village, who
was willing to take them. The boys would be under no proper supervision and
frequently the conditions would be not even sanitary. There was a clear need for an
enlarged building, where as many boys could live, as were attracted to a school, which
had many natural advantages.
 CRICKET GROUND.
The Committee issued their report in October and proposed that a Boarding-house
should be built and a level piece of ground provided in its vicinity for Football and
Cricket. The Boarding-house was to provide a dining-hall, rooms for preparatory
studies and dormitories for fifty boys, together with apartments for a Master in charge.
The Trust Funds were not sufficient to build the School up afresh, with new Boarding-
houses and new Class-rooms and it was a debateable question what site they should
choose. The first proposal was to use the recently built School and convert the upper
room into a dormitory and so increase the accommodation with a minimum of
expense. But the close proximity of the Churchyard gave a suggestion of insanitariness
to the site and the absence of playing fields made it impossible. There was a further
choice. Near Craven Bank was a certain amount of land belonging to Mr. Robinson and
also a field of five acres. Other sites were suggested including one between the
Workhouse and the Station but finally in January, 1866, the plot of land near Craven
Bank was bought for £375. Mr. Ingram's house—at the present time occupied by the
Headmaster—was offered to the Governors for £2,600 subject to Mrs. Kempson's life
interest, but it was not accepted. There was a further question of the lines on which
the Boarding-house should be run. The alternatives were, to let the buildings to the
Master on a rent of six per cent. on the total outlay and allow him to make what
money he could out of the pupils, or to adopt what was called the Hostel System. The
Master would then have a limited control over the internal discipline of the boys, but
the other responsibilities would rest with the Governors. All profit could then be
appropriated by them with a view to the adoption of a Sinking Fund and an Exhibition
Fund. Finally the Hostel System was decided upon. In March, 1866, Sir James Kay
Shuttleworth, Mr. Carr and Mr. Morrison were appointed as a Committee to obtain plans
for the erection of a Boarding-house and to prepare a scheme of management for it.
Mr. Blakiston's resignation was accepted at the same meeting, and Mr. Thomas Bramley
was appointed as his temporary successor. He had already been acting as an Assistant
in the place of the Usher, and his salary was now raised to £250 a year, and he was
liable to supersession at three months' notice; he had no freehold, and was only
intended to act as Master for a limited period. Before closing the Chapter on Mr.
Blakiston's career at Giggleswick it will be well to recapitulate briefly some of the
excellent work that he had accomplished. He had come in a time of transition.
Education throughout England was in the melting-pot. Giggleswick itself had very
considerable opportunities of expanding into one of the foremost Schools in the North
of England. The population was growing rapidly. New industries were springing up on
every hand. A generation was coming to manhood, whose needs were as yet a matter
for speculation. But Giggleswick had a traditional hold upon the minds of the North, it
had also a rich endowment. Was it prepared to meet the necessities of the hour, or
was it to continue in the same self-centred policy that had served well enough in the
past? Mr. Blakiston answered the question at once. He was young, he was ambitious,
he was a scholar. He was also in his ideas a revolutionary. It is not difficult to picture
the result. Thrown into the midst of a slow-moving machinery, alone in his estimate of
the potential greatness of the School, supremely conscious of his mission, he found
himself a solitary. There are two methods of progress. One to oil the old cog-wheels
and pray for progression. Another to point out the clogging nature of the machinery
and propose a new device. He chose the latter method. It was bold and dangerous.
But he went through with it courageously. The numbers dropped rapidly, the fame of
the School suffered a relapse, but in the end the victory was his. Before he retired, one
new scheme had been adopted, another and a better one was awaiting confirmation,
the suggestion of a new Boarding-house was being pressed forward, and the field was
clear for the great and revolutionary change—the adoption of a system of capitation
fees. The subsequent prosperity of the School owed much of its swift development to
the Headmastership of Mr. Blakiston, and it is a grateful task to record it.

Chapter X.
 A New Era.

O
N the resignation of Mr. Blakiston, in March, 1866, the Rev. Thomas Bramley, an
Assistant Master, was appointed temporary Headmaster. The Charity
Commissioners had been asked for their advice, and had expressly stipulated that
the temporary office should not carry with it any freehold. After holding this position
for eighteen months, Mr. Bramley sent in his resignation in October, 1867. The
Governors held a meeting to consider the position, and a letter was read voicing the
opinion of the inhabitants of the neighbourhood that a permanent Headmaster should
be appointed. They shewed that the numbers of the School proved that the education
received had value in the eyes of the locality, and they suggested that a permanent
Headmaster would be more likely to take a close interest in the boys. The Governors
replied that they could not see their way to making a permanent appointment, until the
Boarding-house had been completed and the regulations drawn up for boys who
wished to reside with strangers in the neighbourhood.

THE HOSTEL, 1869.

The Plans for a Boarding-house had been going forward rapidly, and in May, 1867, the
Charity Commissioners had sanctioned the expenditure by the Governors of £6,400.
The income of the Trust had for some years shewn a surplus of revenue over
expenditure, and this surplus then amounted to over £1,200; the further £5,000 was
obtained from the proceeds of the sale of the Rise Estate, in 1863. The Boarding-house
was to be built by Mr. Paley, a grandson of the Archdeacon, and was to contain
Dormitories for forty-nine boys and studies for eighteen.
In December, 1867, Mr. Michael Forster was appointed provisional Headmaster for a
single year. It was particularly pointed out to him that the position would not carry with
it any claim to be appointed to the permanent post, when it was determined that such
should be filled up. Mr. Forster had taken a First Class in Classical Moderations, and a
Second in the Final School, and in addition had won a Winchester Scholarship in
Mathematics at New College, and had "read Mathematics as high as Plane
Trigonometry."
The numbers of the School steadily increased, and in the Easter Term of 1868 there
were sixty-six boys, and in the following Michaelmas Term sixty-seven, of whom four
boarded in the Master's House, and eleven in Lodging Houses. The rest were day-boys
living at home. The majority were very young: twenty-two boys were under twelve,
and forty-one between the ages of twelve and sixteen.
In May, 1869, the Governors proceeded to the appointment of a permanent
Headmaster. Mr. Michael Forster had been continued in his provisional post for a few
months, and had witnessed a further increase in the numbers of the School, which at
that period stood at seventy-three. The regulations for the conduct of the School had
been drawn up, and the Headmaster was to receive a House rent-free and an assured
income of £250, with a further additional sum for each boy, not exceeding fifty in
number, who should board for a year in the Hostel or in the Master's House. The
maximum would then amount to £750, but a further sum of £250 was possible, if the
Governors deemed it expedient to build a second Hostel to accommodate another fifty
boys.
For the first time in the history of the School it was not necessary for applicants to be
in Holy Orders, but the master must be a member of the Church of England, and a
graduate of one of the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge or Dublin. Under the new
Scheme of Management the appointment of Assistant Masters, but not their salaries,
and the control of the internal discipline and conduct of the School were to be in his
sole charge. But the regulations for the admission of boys and for the subjects of
instruction were to be made by the Governing Body.
A scheme had been drawn up by a Sub-Committee, whereby the charge for Boarders
was fixed at £80 per annum and £5 of each boarder's charges was to be appropriated
to Free Scholarships and Exhibitions. The division of the School into an Upper and
Lower Division was maintained and the subjects in the latter were to be English in all
its branches, Arithmetic and the Accidence of Latin. The Upper School in time was to
consist of two sides, Classical and Modern. The Classical side had as its especial object
the preparation of boys for the English Universities, whereas the Modern side was
intended to give instruction in Latin, French, German, English Literature, Mathematics,
History, Physical Geography, and, when the numbers of the School should increase,
Chemistry or some other branch of Natural Science. Latin could be omitted with the
concurrence of the Master and parents in individual cases. Provision was also made for
an increased and efficient staff of Masters, some of whom should be resident in the
Hostel.
There were four principal applicants for the Headmastership and on May 26, 1869, the
Governors elected as Headmaster the Rev. George Style, Fellow of Queens' College,
Cambridge, who since the beginning of 1868 had been an Assistant Master at Clifton
College.
The staff of Masters consisted of Mr. Style, the Headmaster, Mr. C. H. Jeaffreson, late
Scholar of Lincoln College, Oxford, the Second Master, without however a freehold, Mr.
Arthur Brewin, who was still in charge of the Lower School, which at this time came
rather to be known as the Junior or Preparatory School, and Herr Stanger who visited
the School on certain days each week in order to teach German.
When Mr. Style came he found fifty-six boys in the School; of these, three became
boarders in the Hostel, fifteen were boarding in various houses in the neighbourhood
and the rest lived with their parents. In March, 1870, at the Annual Meeting, the
Headmaster reported that there were sixty-one boys in the School of whom nine were
in the Hostel and sixteen in private Boarding-houses. The system of Private Boarding-
houses constituted a difficulty common to many of the older schools in England at this
period. It was not possible to put a sudden stop to a practice that had been prevalent
for the most part of three centuries and yet the accommodation in many of these
lodging-houses was inadequate and the sanitary arrangements most prejudicial to
health. It is only necessary to glance at the regulations which the Governors thought fit
to make to realize how unrestricted had been the life of the boys who lodged in such
houses. Henceforward no boy could live in a house, other than his parents', unless the
tenant had received a license from the Governing Body. No boy was to be allowed to
leave the house after 7-0 p.m. in Winter, and 9-0 p.m. in Summer. No boy should enter
a Public House, or smoke or play cards, and any breach of the rules was to be
forthwith reported to the Headmaster. This was the first occasion on which any rules
had been laid down. Eventually the private Boarding-houses gave place to the Hostel,
where greater opportunities existed for study and discipline; in 1871 only four such
private boarders remained and soon afterwards there were none.
A HOSTEL STUDY.