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The Project Gutenberg eBook of A New Pocket Gopher (Thomomys) and A New
Spiny Pocket Mouse (Liomys) from Michoacán, Mexico
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at
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Title: A New Pocket Gopher (Thomomys) and A New Spiny Pocket Mouse (Liomys) from Michoacán,
Mexico

Author: E. Raymond Hall

Bernardo Villa Ramírez

Release date: November 14, 2010 [eBook #34314]

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online

Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A NEW POCKET GOPHER (THOMOMYS) AND A NEW
SPINY POCKET MOUSE (LIOMYS) FROM MICHOACÁN, MEXICO ***
A New Pocket Gopher (Thomomys) and A
New
Spiny Pocket Mouse (Liomys) from
Michoacán, Mexico
BY

E. RAYMOND HALL AND BERNARDO VILLA R.

University of Kansas Publications

Museum of Natural History

Volume 1, No. 14, pp. 249-256, 6 figs. in text

July 26, 1948

University of Kansas
LAWRENCE
1948

University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History

Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman; A. Byron Leonard,

Edward H. Taylor

Volume 1, No. 14, pp. 249-256, 6 figs. in text

July 26, 1948

University of Kansas
Lawrence, Kansas

PRINTED BY
FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER
TOPEKA, KANSAS
1948

22-3338
 A New Pocket Gopher (Thomomys) and a New Spiny
Pocket Mouse (Liomys) from Michoacán, Mexico
By

E. RAYMOND HALL and BERNARDO VILLA R.

A series of 17 pocket gophers of the species Thomomys umbrinus obtained in 1943 from points 3, 4 and
5 miles south of Pátzcuaro proves upon comparison to be an hitherto unrecognized subspecies which is
described and named as follows:
Thomomys umbrinus pullus, new subspecies
Type.—Male, adult, skin and skull; No. 100151, Univ. California Mus. Vert. Zool.; 5 mi. S
Pátzcuaro, 7800 ft., Michoacán, Mexico; March 10, 1943; obtained by Hubert H. Hall,
original No. 117.
Range.—Known only from 3 to 5 miles south of Pátzcuaro, Michoacán.
Diagnosis.—Size small (see measurements); color black or between Cinnamon-Brown
and Snuff Brown; distal half of tail whitish and all of tail whitish in one specimen;
lambdoidal crests perpendicular to sagittal plane of skull; posteroventral face of
tympanic bulla rugose; jugal vertical (flat surface not oblique); interpterygoid space
truncate at apex with sides curved outward (see figure).
Comparison.—From topotypes of Thomomys umbrinus supernus Nelson and Goldman,
pullus differs as follows: More individuals wholly black (except distal half of tail);
underparts lacking white; rostrum broader; braincase anteriorly slightly more expanded
dorsally; lambdoidal crests perpendicular to sagittal plane rather than inclined
posteromediad; interparietal broader, ♂ 5.7 (5.0-7.0) versus 4.5, and in ♀ 6.5 (5.6-7.1)
rather than 4.8 (4.4-5.1); flattened middle part of jugal vertical rather than oblique; in
side view, mastoid and paroccipital processes farther apart thus exposing larger surface
of mastoidal bulla; incisors, in both upper and lower jaws, slightly narrower; molariform
teeth smaller, interpterygoid space truncate, at apex, with sides convex mediad, rather
than V-shaped; ventral face of tympanic bullae rugose in posterior half rather than
smooth.

Figs. 1-3. Three views of the skull of the type specimen of Thomomys umbrinus pullus.
Remarks.—Among named subspecies of Thomomys umbrinus, T. u. pullus most closely resembles T. u.
supernus, the subspecies next adjacent to the northward. Therefore, the results of comparisons with
only that subspecies are here reported upon. T. u. tolucae to the eastward is for one thing a much
larger animal and has slightly less procumbent upper incisors. So far as we know, Thomomys umbrinus
has not heretofore been reported from Michoacán. Of our seventeen skins, eight are brown, six are
black and two are intermediate in color.
Most of these pocket gophers lived where there was a good growth of pine trees in the same areas
where large pocket gophers of the species Cratogeomys gymnurus occurred. The field notes of the
collector of the type of T. u. pullus record that when he was making a shallow excavation to reveal the
gopher burrow in which he trapped the holotype, he found the burrow approximately five inches below
the surface of the ground and that in digging deeper than was necessary he accidentally broke into the
burrow of a Cratogeomys. Another member of our field party (E. R. Hall) when removing from its
burrow a trapped Thomomys that was caught only by the hind leg, dug around the animal whose
burrow was approximately six inches underground and in doing so he also broke through the roof of a
burrow of Cratogeomys. The burrow of Cratogeomys was approximately sixteen inches below the
ground. Nowhere else, except 3 to 5 miles south of Pátzcuaro, have the authors found two kinds of
pocket gophers living together. The two-story arrangement south of Pátzcuaro was possible because of
the different levels at which the two kinds of animals made their burrows and the two-story
arrangement was accidental and exceptional rather than the rule.
Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements of five adults of each sex, are as
follows: Total length, male 184 (178-198), female 185 (174-194); length of tail, 54 (48-
60), 53 (47-57); length of hind foot, 26.8 (25-29), 27.6 (26-29); weight, 86.1 (78.7-
96.9), 74.3 (70.2-84.8) grams; basilar length, 30.2 (28.8-31.3), 28.6 (27.8-29.1);
zygomatic breadth, 23.2 (22.3-24.6), 21.3 (20.8-21.8); least interorbital breadth, 5.9
(5.8-6.1), 6.4 (6.0-6.8); mastoid breadth, 17.8 (17.1-18.7), 17.2 (16.6-17.5); length of
nasals, 12.4 (11.8-13.0), 11.5 (11.0-12.5); breadth of rostrum, 7.5 (6.9-8.2), 7.1 (6.9-
7.3); length of rostrum, 14.1 (13.4-14.5), 13.3 (12.7-13.5); alveolar length of maxillary
tooth-row, 7.0 (6.7-7.5), 6.9 (6.8-7.0); palato-frontal depth, 13.2 (13.0-13.4), 12.9
(12.3-13.5).
Specimens examined.—Total, 17, all from 7800 ft., Michoacán, as follows: 3 mi. S
Pátzcuaro, 1; 4 mi. S Pátzcuaro, 10; 5 mi. S Pátzcuaro, 6.

In 1943 a series of fifteen spiny pocket mice, Liomys irroratus, was obtained within a radius of five miles
of Pátzcuaro and, mostly on geographic considerations, the animals were assigned to Liomys irroratus
alleni (Coues). In fact, in his "Revision of the Spiny Pocket Mice," Goldman (N. Amer. Fauna, 34:57,
1911) had thus identified the one specimen available to him from Pátzcuaro. Critical examination of the
series, however, revealed cranial features not described in the named kinds from adjoining geographic
areas, and comparisons showed that the animal from Pátzcuaro differs subspecifically from any named
kind. The new subspecies may be known as:
Liomys irroratus acutus, new subspecies
Type.—Female, adult, skin and skull; No. 100171, Univ. California Mus. Vert. Zool.; 2 mi.
W. Pátzcuaro, 7700 ft., Michoacán, Mexico; March 10, 1943; obtained by E. R. Hall and
J. R. Alcorn, original No. 3837 of Alcorn.
Range.—Known only from the vicinity of Pátzcuaro, Michoacán.
Diagnosis.—Size large (see measurements); upper parts dark brown; posterior border of
nasals V-shaped with apex directed anteriorly; frontomaxillary suture medially concave
or rarely straight; interparietal subcircular; basisphenoid wide; tympanic bullae large.
Comparisons.—From Liomys irroratus alleni, acutus differs as follows: Color slightly
darker brown on upper parts; size slightly less; posterior border of nasals V-shaped
 rather than truncate; frontomaxillary suture medially concave or straight instead of
convex; interparietal subcircular (anterior border) rather than triangular; basisphenoid
broader; tympanic bullae larger and more inflated. From Liomys irroratus jaliscensis
(topotypes), acutus differs as follows: Color slightly darker brown on upper parts; size
larger, without overlap, in external measurements and in basilar length, length of nasals
and mastoid breadth; posterior border of nasals V-shaped rather than almost truncate;
frontomaxillary suture medially concave or straight rather than convex; interparietal
subcircular rather than quadrilateral; basisphenoid wider; tympanic bullae larger. From
Liomys irroratus pullus, acutus differs in longer body, shorter tail, slightly longer hind
foot; all of upper parts, and especially upper side of tail, more brownish and less
blackish; posterior border of nasals and frontomaxillary suture differing in same way as
from alleni; interorbital region narrower in relation to length of skull; over-all length of
skull greater; interparietal anteroposteriorly longer; tympanic bullae more inflated.

Figs. 4-6. Three views of the skull of the type specimen of Liomys irroratus acutus. ×
Remarks.—This relatively large, dark-colored, spiny pocket mouse of east-central Michoacán differs from
its geographic neighbors in V-shape of posterior border of nasals, semicircular shape of interparietal,
medially concave maxillofrontal suture, wide basisphenoid and larger tympanic bullae. The latter
character is not constant. Intergradation with L. i. alleni is shown by specimens from Querendaro in
which the shape of the interparietal is exactly intermediate between those of topotypes of the two
subspecies and also in that the basisphenoid is wider than in acutus but narrower than in alleni.
Intergradation with L. i. jaliscensis is shown, by specimen No. 120275 (U. S. N. M.) from Zamora, in
shape of posterior end of nasals, direction of maxillofrontal suture, and shape of interparietal. In each of
these features the specimen from Zamora is almost exactly intermediate between acutus and jaliscensis.
In large size of tympanic bullae and wider basisphenoid the specimen agrees with acutus, but otherwise
is nearly as small as jaliscensis to which it is here referred. Actually the specimen could, with almost
equal propriety, be referred to either subspecies.
Measurements.—The measurements of two males, Nos. 100184, 100182, and average
and extreme measurements of five females, are, respectively, as follows: Total length,
257, 267, 244 (230-251); length of tail, 130, 128, 122 (105-129); length of hind foot,
32, 31, 31 (30-33); length of ear from notch, 16, 17, 15.3 (13.0-19); weight in grams,
71.5, 65.1, 50.8 (44.8-61.8); greatest length of skull, 35.2, 34.9, 33.6 (32.7-34.2);
zygomatic breadth, 17.7, 17.5, 16.5 (16.1-17.1); interorbital breadth, 8.4, 8.1, 7.8 (7.5-
8.0); length of nasals, 15.1, 14.9, 14.0 (13.3-14.5); width of braincase, 15.9, 15.1, 15.0
(14.7-15.1); alveolar length of upper molariform tooth-row, 6.0, 6.0, 5.6 (5.5-5.9). The
measurements were taken according to the method of Goldman (N. Amer. Fauna, 34:10,
1911). Each of the specimens of which measurements are given above is adult; the
transverse enamel fold has been obliterated in M1, is represented by only an isolated
lake in M2 (except in one female where all trace of the fold has worn away) and is
present in M3.
Specimens examined.—Total, 16, all from Michoacán, Mexico, and unless otherwise
indicated in the University of California Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy, as follows: 3 mi.
 NW Pátzcuaro, 6700 ft., 1; 2 mi. W Pátzcuaro, 7700 ft., 5; 2 mi. W Pátzcuaro, 6700 ft.,
2; Pátzcuaro, 1 (U. S. Nat. Mus.); 5 mi. S Pátzcuaro, 7800 ft., 7.

For the loan of comparative materials we are grateful to Dr. Harold E. Anthony of the American Museum
of Natural History, Mr. Stanley P. Young and Dr. Hartley H. T. Jackson of the Biological Surveys Collection
in the United States National Museum, Dr. Charles P. Lyman of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy, and
for assistance with the field work to the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation and to Miss
Annie M. Alexander.
Transmitted April 1, 1948.

22-3338
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A NEW POCKET
GOPHER (THOMOMYS) AND A NEW SPINY POCKET MOUSE
(LIOMYS) FROM MICHOACÁN, MEXICO ***

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