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gun and called it the Winchester Repeating Rifle. It is the outcrop of the old
Jennings rifle.”[221]
[221] From the Hartford Evening Post, Tuesday, Feb. 25, 1890.
A PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY ON TOOL BUILDING

Smiles: Industrial Biography. Boston, 1864.


Smiles: Men of Invention and Industry. N. Y., 1885.
Smiles: Boulton and Watt. London, 1904.
Smiles: The Stephensons. London, 1904.
Smiles: Smeaton and Rennie. London, 1904.
Beck: Beiträge zur Geschichte des Maschinenbaues. Berlin,
1900.
Matschoss: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Technik und Industrie.
Berlin, Bände I-V, 1909-1913.
Sargant: “Sir Samuel Bentham,” in “Essays of a Birmingham
Manufacturer.” London, 1869.
Bentham, Mary S.: Memoirs of Brigadier-General Sir Samuel
Bentham, in Papers and Practical Illustrations of Public
Works. London, 1856.
Beamish: Life of Sir Marc Isambard Brunel. London, 1862.
Nasmyth: Autobiography of James Nasmyth, Edited by Smiles.
London, 1883.
Holtzapffel: Turning and Mechanical Manipulation. London,
1847.
Buchanan: Millwork and other Machinery. London, 1841.
Perrigo: Modern American Lathe Practice. N. Y., 1907.
Perrigo: Change Gear Devices. N. Y., 1915.
Camus: Treatise on the Teeth of Wheels (English Translation).
London, 1837.
Willis: Principles of Mechanism. London, 1841.
Fairbairn: Mills and Millwork. London, 1863.
Pole: Life of Sir William Fairbairn. London, 1877.
Memoir of John George Bodmer, in Transactions of the
Institution of Civil Engineers, Vol. XXVIII. London, 1869.
Farey: Treatise on the Steam Engine. London, 1827.
Price: Fire and Thief-proof Depositories, and Locks and Keys.
London, 1856.
Baker: Elements of Mechanism. London, 1858.
Bishop: History of American Manufactures. 3 Vols. Philadelphia,
1868.
Weeden: Economic and Social History of New England. 2 Vols.
Boston, 1890.
Field: State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
Goodrich: History of Pawtucket, R. I. Pawtucket, 1876.
Wilkinson: Memoir of the Wilkinson Family. Jacksonville, Ill.,
1869.
Fitch: Report on Manufactures of Interchangeable Mechanism,
in U. S. Census, 1880. Volume on “Manufactures.”
Durfee: “Development of the Art of Interchangeable
Construction in Mechanism,” in Transactions of the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. XIV, p. 1225.
Olmstead: Memoir of Eli Whitney. New Haven, 1846.
Woodworth: American Tool Making and Interchangeable
Manufacturing. N. Y., 1911.
Blake: History of Hamden, Conn. New Haven, 1888.
Blake: New Haven Colony Historical Papers, Vol. V. New Haven,
1894.
North: Memoir of Simeon North. Concord, 1913.
Washburn: Manufacturing and Mechanical Industries of
Worcester. Philadelphia, 1889.
Iles: Leading American Inventors. N. Y., 1912.
Parton: Captains of Industry. Boston, 1891.
Van Slyck: Representatives of New England. Boston, 1871.
Goddard: Eminent Engineers. N. Y., 1905.
Lathrop: The Brass Industry. Shelton, Conn., 1909.
Anderson: The Town and City of Waterbury. 3 Vols. New Haven,
1896.
Evans: The Young Millwright and Miller’s Guide. Philadelphia,
1826.
Freedley: Philadelphia and its Manufactures. Philadelphia, 1858.
Cist: Cincinnati in 1851. Cincinnati, 1851.
Cist: Cincinnati in 1859. Cincinnati, 1859.
Porter: Engineering Reminiscences. N. Y., 1908.
Transactions of the Institution of Civil Engineers. London.
Transactions of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. London.
Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Journal of the Franklin Institute. Philadelphia.
Files of “American Machinist,” New York.
Files of “Machinery,” New York.
Files of “Engineering Magazine,” New York.
Files of “Cassier’s Magazine,” New York.
Files of “Engineering News,” London.
Files of “Engineering,” London.
Much of the data in the latter portions of this book is derived from private
correspondence and personal interviews, and is, therefore, not available for
reference.
INDEX
INDEX

Acme Wire Co.: 160.


Allen, Ethan: 226.
Allen, Walter: 264.
Alvord, J. D.: 192, 197.
American Brass Co.: 236.
American industries:
reasons for delayed development, 109-114;
influence of the cotton gin, 114.
American iron:
results of exportation to England, 110-113;
early production, 115.
American Pin Co.: 234.
American Screw Co.: 125, 198, 226;
pointed screw, 126.
American Steel & Wire Co.: 225-226.
“American system”: see Interchangeable manufacture.
American Tool Works: 269.
American Watch Co.:
interchangeable system, 144, 164.
American Wire Gauge: 205.
Ames Manufacturing Co.:
gun-making machinery, etc., 138, 140, 228-229.
Amoskeag Manufacturing Co.: 123, 124, 216-217, 253.
Andover, Mass.:
scythe mill, 117.
Angell, William G.: 126.
Ansonia Brass & Copper Co.: 234.
Ansonia Clock Co.: 234.
Arkwright, Sir Richard: 6, 64, 121, 150, 161.
Armstrong, Sir William: 105.
Arnold, Asa:
partner of Pitcher, 124.
Arnold, Jeremiah O.: 125.
Arnold, Joseph:
brother of Jeremiah, 125.
Atwood, L. J.: 237.
Babbage, Charles:
calculating machine, 59.
Baldwin, Matthias:
Baldwin Locomotive Works, 256.
Bancroft, Edward:
Bancroft & Sellers, 247.
Barber-Coleman Co.: 274.
Bardons & Oliver: 183, 265.
Barker, William:
partner of Lodge, 269-270.
Barnes, B. F.: 274.
Barnes, W. F. & John, Co.: 273.
Barnes Drill Co.: 274.
Baush Machine Tool Co.:
drilling machines, 230.
Bayley, O. W.: 217.
Beach, H. L.: 165.
Beach, H. B., & Son: 165.
Beale, Oscar J.:
accurate standards, 205.
Beckley, Elias:
gun shop, 162.
Bellows, E. H.: 222.
Bement, Clarence S.: 255.
Bement, William B.: 217, 219, 249, 252-254;
estimate of, 255;
hammer, 255.
Bement & Dougherty: 254.
Bement, Miles & Co.:
history of, 254-255.
Benedict, Aaron:
brass worker, 232.
Benedict & Burnham: 234.
Benedict & Coe:
brass workers, 232.
Bentham Jeremy: 22, 25.
Bentham, Sir Samuel: 7, 22, 49, 89, 107;
work on Portsmouth block machinery, 8, 9, 18, 22, 26, 28;
in Russia, 23, 24;
in British navy service, 24;
woodworking machinery, 24, 25;
planer, 51;
patent of 1793, 38;
slide-rest, 6, 38;
relations with Maudslay, 89.
Bessemer, Sir Henry: 96.
Besly, Charles H., & Co.: 275.
Bibliography: 295-297.
Bickford, Henry: 272.
Bidwell, Jason A.: 198, 266.
Bilgram Machine Works:
gear cutting, 259.
Billings, Charles E.: 170, 174-175, 201.
Billings & Spencer Co.: 175-176.
Blake, Eli Whitney: 160.
Blake, Philos: 160.
Blaisdell, P., & Co.: 222.
Blanchard, Thomas: 220-221;
lathe for turning gun-stocks, 6, 140, 142, 219, 220-221.
Blenkinsop:
Locomotives, 56.
Block machinery: see Portsmouth block machinery.
Bodmer, John George: 75-80;
estimate of, 79;
diametral pitch, 70 note 66;
interchangeable manufacture, 76, 131;
firearms, 76;
two patents, 77-79;
traveling crane, 77, 80;
mill machinery, 76.
Bond, George M.:
Rogers-Bond Comparator, 180-182.
Boring machines:
Smeaton’s, 2, 13;
Wilkinson’s, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 60;
in 18th century, 4.
Boston, Mass.:
heavy forge, 117.
Boston & Worcester R. R.: 220.
Boulton, Matthew: 145;
on Wilkinson’s boring machine, 3;
on Wilkinson, 145.
Boulton & Watt: 3, 11, 46, 55;
relations with Wilkinson, 12, 13.
Bow-string truss: 82.
Boye & Emmes Machine Tool Co.: 268, 271.
Bramah, Joseph: 7, 8, 15, 107;
estimate of, 19, 20;
invention of slide-rest, 6, 36;
planer, 50;
hydraulic press, 18;
machine for numbering banknotes, 19;
woodworking machinery, 18, 19, 24;
other inventions, 18;
relations with Maudslay, 17, 19, 33, 34;
with Watt, 18;
with Clement, 19, 58.
Bridgeport Brass Co.:
micrometer, 211-213.
Bridgeport Machine Tool Co.: 184.
British Small Arms Commission: 138, 140, 141.
Brooker, Charles F.: 236.
Brown, David: 126, 202.
Brown, Capt. James S.: 124.
Brown, Joseph R.: 126, 202;
estimate of, 215;
“Universal” miller, 138 note 163, 196, 208-209;
linear dividing engines, 202, 204-205, 206;
vernier caliper, 203;
formed milling cutter, 206, 207;
improvements on turret screw machine, 207;
universal grinder, 214.
Brown, Moses:
textile industry, 120, 121.
Brown, Sylvanus: 124.
inventor of slide-rest, 6;
slide lathe, 120.
Brown Hoisting Machine Co.: 258.
Brown & Elton:
wire and tubing, 233.
Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Co.: 125, Chapter XVI;
J. R. Browne & Sharpe, 202, 204;
“Universal” miller, 138 note 163, 196, 208;
linear dividing engines, 206;
precision gear cutter, 206;
turret screw machines, 207-208;
limit gauges, 210;
micrometer caliper, 211-213;
cylindrical grinder, 213;
automatic gear cutters, 214.
Brunel, Sir Isambard K.: 32.
Brunel, Sir Marc I.: 7, 26, 27, 31, 49, 107;
slide-rest, 6;
inventions, 27;
Portsmouth block machinery, 8, 9, 22, 26, 27, 28.
Bryant, William L.:
chucking grinder, 200.
Buchanan:
English writer, 50.
Builders Iron Foundry or “High Street Furnace”: 125.
Bullard, E. P.: 183-184.
vertical boring and turning mill, 184-185.
Bullard Machine Tool Co.: 184.
Burke, William A.: 253;
Amoskeag Manufacturing Co., 217;
Lowell Machine Shop, 217, 218.
Burleigh, Charles:
rock drill, 228.
Burlingame, L. D.:
history of micrometer, 213.
Burton, James H.:
Enfield gun machinery, 140.
Calipers:
“Lord Chancellor,” 45, 211;
vernier, 203;
micrometer, origin of, 211-213.
Campbell, A. C.: 237.
Camus: 64;
“The Teeth of Wheels,” 64-65, 68.
Carmichaels, of Dundee:
engine makers, 86.
Carron Iron Works: 2, 85.
Change-gear box: 182.
Chase Rolling Mills Co.: 236.
“Chordal’s Letters”: 261.
Cincinnati, Ohio:
tool building in, 266-267.
Cincinnati Bickford Tool Co.: 272.
Cincinnati Milling Machine Co.: 272.
Cincinnati Planer Co.: 271-272.
Cincinnati Screw & Tap Co.: 272.
Clement, Joseph: 7, 8, 9, 57-58, 59, 99, 107;
screw-thread practice, 10, 19, 57, 58-59, 101;
gear practice, 68;
taps and dies, 10, 19, 58;
lathes, 19, 57;
planers, 19, 50, 52, 54, 59;
relations with Bramah, 19, 58;
with Maudslay & Field, 19, 46, 58.
Cleveland, Ohio: 183.
tool builders in, 261-266;
first multi-spindle automatic screw machines, 265.
Cleveland Twist Drill Co.: 266.
Clock industry in Connecticut: 171-172.
Coe, Israel: 236.
Coe, Lyman: 234, 236.
Coe Brass Co.: 234.
Coes Wrench Co.: 226.
Colby, Gilbert A.: 254.
Collins Co.:
axe makers, 169.
Colt, Samuel: 166-168;
interchangeable system, 137, 168;
Colt revolver, 166, 167;
erection of Armory, 167, 168.
Colt Armory: 165, 166;
erection of, 167, 168;
a “contract shop,” 178.
Conradson, Conrad N.:
turret machine, 276.
Cook, Asa: 174.
Coombs, S. C.: 222.
Corliss Machine Works: 126.
Cotton crop:
growth of, 150-151.
Cotton gin:
invention of, 131, 148 et seq.;
influence, 114, 131, 145, 149, 150-151, 161;
patent rights of, 151-158.
Cowie, Pierson: 221-222.
Cramp Ship Building Co.: 257.
Croft, James:
brass worker, 232.
Crompton, William: 114.
Cup-leather packing: 18.
Currier & Snyder: 222.
Cushman, A. F.: 173.
Darby, Abraham, 3d:
first iron bridge, 15.
Darling, Samuel:
graduating engine, 203, 204.
Davenport, James:
textile machinery, 246.
Davenport, William S.: 214.
da Vinci, Leonardo:
anticipation of modern tools, 6, 36.
Davis, Charles: 269.
Davis, Jefferson:
on Whitney’s steel-barreled muskets, 160.
Davis & Egan: 269.
D’Eichthal, Baron:
partner of Bodmer, 75.
De la Hire:
gear teeth, 63, 64, 67.
DeLeeuw, A. L.: 273, 277.
Dennison, A. L.:
American Watch Co., 144.
de Vaucanson, Jacques:
milling cutter, 206.
Diametral pitch:
“Manchester pitch,” 70 note 66;
Bodmer, 80.
Die forging: 137.
Dietz, Schumacher & Boye Co.: 268.
Dodge, Cyril: 126.
Dodge, Nehemiah:
goldsmith, 126.
Dougherty, James: 254.
Draper Machine Tool Co.: 222.
Dresses, Henry: 271.
Dresses, Mueller & Co.: 271.
Drilling machines:
in 18th century, 4.
Drop hammer:
developed in America, 5, 143, 175.
Dwight, Dr. Timothy:
on Pawtucket, 121.
Eagle Screw Co.: 126.
Earle & Williams: 219.
Eberhardt, Ulrich: 259.
Edgemoor Iron Co.: 249-250.
Egan, Thomas P.: 268, 269.
Eminent Men of Science Living in 1807-1808.
engraving by Walker, 20.
Enfield Armory: 5, 96, 103;
Nasmyth on reorganization of, 140-141;
British Small Arms Commission, 138, 140;
gun-machinery, 138-141;
Robbins & Lawrence, 191-192.
Epicyclic curve: 63, 67, 68.
Essex Machine Shop: 219.
Euler:
gearing, 64.
Evans, Oliver: 239-246;
conveyors for handling materials, 240-241, 246;
steam engine, 241-242, 245;
description of shop, 243;
steamboat, 242;
prediction of railways, 245;
“Engineer’s Guide,” 242;
“Miller’s Guide,” 244.
Fairbairn, Sir Peter: 71, 74, 107.
Fairbairn, Sir William: 62, 107;
on machine tools, 10;
with George Rennie, 54, 71;
millwork, 71;
on “a good millwright,” 72;
Fairbairn & Lillie, 72-73, 77;
treatise on “Mills and Millwork,” 73;
iron ships, 73-74;
bridge building, 74.
Fairbairn & Co.: 268.
Fairfield, George A.: 170, 174, 176.
Fales & Jenks Machine Co.: 125.
Farrel Foundry & Machine Co.: 237.
Fay, J. A., & Co.:
woodworking machinery, 229-230, 267.
Fay, J. A., & Egan Co.: 230.
Fellows, E. R.: 199.
Fellows Gear Shaper Co.: 199.
Field, Joshua: 35, 89;
relations with Maudslay, 8, 35, 90;
founder of Institution of Civil Engineers, 90.
Fire engine:
first in America, 116.
Fitch, John:
steamboat, 82.
Fitch, Stephen:
horizontal turret, 197.
Fitchburg, Mass.: 219, 227-228.
Fitchburg Machine Works: 228;
Lo-swing lathe, 200.
Flagg, Samuel, & Co.: 221, 222.
Flather Manufacturing Co.: 228.
Flax industry:
Murray’s influence on, 57.
Foote-Burt Co.: 183;
drilling machines, 265.
Forehand & Wadsworth: 226.
Forq, Nicholas:
planer, 50.
Fosdick Machine Tool Co.: 271.
Fosdick & Plucker: 271.
Fox, James: 7, 50, 52, 53, 54.
Fox & Taylor:
manufacturers of blocks, 28.
Fox, Henderson & Co.: 192.
Francis, James B.:
hydraulic engineer, 218.
Franklin Machine Co.: 125.
Fulton, Robert: 150, 151, 161.
Gage, Warner & Whitney: 218, 228.
Gang, William E.: 268, 271.
Gang & Dietz: 271.
Gardner, Frederick M.:
disk grinding machines, 275.
Gardner Machine Co.: 276.
Garvin Machine Co.: 127.
Gascoigne, William:
principle of micrometer, 211.
Gay, Ira: 124, 216-217.
Gay, Zeba: 124, 217.
Gay & Silver Co.: 195, 197, 217;
planer, 53.
Gearing and Millwork: Chapter VI.
Geier, Frederick A.: 272-273.
“Genealogies”:
Early English Tool Builders, Fig. 5;
New England Gun-makers, Fig. 27;
Robbins & Lawrence Shop, Fig. 37;
Worcester Tool Builders, Fig. 45;
Naugatuck Brass Industry, Fig. 50.
Giddings & Lewis Manufacturing Co.: 276.
Gisholt Machine Works: 276.
Gleason Works: 183.
Globe Rolling Mill: 251.
Goddard, Benjamin: 225.
Gorham, Jabez: 127.
Gorham Manufacturing Co.:
founded, 127.
Gould & Eberhardt: 259.
Grant, John J.: 214.
Gray, G. A., Co.: 273.
“Great Eastern,” The: 32.
“Great Western,” The: 32.
Great Western Railway:
steamers, 93.
Greene, Nathaniel:
cannon factory of, 118.
Greene, Mrs. Nathaniel:
friend to Eli Whitney, 147;
connection with cotton-gin, 148-149.
Greene, Timothy: 119, 121.
Greenwood, Miles: 267.
Gridley, George O.:
automatic lathes, 194, 200.
Grilley, Henry:
founder of brass industry, 232.
Grinder:
developed in America, 5;
Brown & Sharpe’s, 213-214;
disc, 275-276.
Hakewessel, Reinholdt: 183;
Acme automatic, 265.
Hamilton, Alexander:
entertains Brunel, 8, 27.
Hamilton, Ohio:
tool builders in, 273.
Hampson, John:
with Maudslay, 98.
Hanks, Alpheus and Truman:
foundry, 165.
Harper’s Ferry Arsenal: 140, 143, 163;
established, 136;
interchangeable equipment, 137;
rifle, 160.
Harrington & Richardson: 226.
Hartford, Conn.: 127;
manufactories of, 164, 165, 170;
gun makers of, 164, 166.
Hartford Machine Screw Co.: 170, 174, 176.
Hartness, James: 194, 197-198, 266;
designer of machine tools, 198;
flat-turret lathe, 198;
Lo-swing lathe, 200.
Haskell, Co., The William H.: 124.
Hawkins, John Isaac: 69;
on early gear tooth practice, 65-68, 70.
Hayden, Hiram W.: 234, 236.
Hendey Machine Co.:
tool-room lathe, 182.
Henn, E. C.:
Acme automatic, 265.
Herman, William: 271.
Hick, B., & Son: 75.
High Street Furnace: 125.
Hildreth, S. E.: 222.
Hobbs, Alfred C.:
picks Bramah’s lock, 16.
Holmes, Hodgin:
cotton gin, 152, 154, 156, 157.
Holmes, Israel: 232, 233, 234, 236.
Holmes, Joseph:
pioneer iron worker, 117.
Holmes & Hotchkiss: 233.
Holmes, Booth & Haydens: 234, 237.
Holtz, Frederick:
milling machine, 272.
Holtzapffel, Charles: 74, 99;
on Roberts, 60-61;
plane surfaces, 100.
Hovey, P.:
partner of Pitcher, 124.
Howe, Elias:
sewing machine, 144.
Howe, Frederick W.: 195, 196, 209, 217;
milling machines, 138, 196, 208, 209;
profiling machine, 143, 191;
turret-head screw machine, 195-196, 207;
turret lathe, 197, 199.
Howe, Hezekiah: 119.
Humphries:
suggests invention of large hammer, 93.
Hydraulic press:
invented by Bramah, 18, 34.
Industrial conditions:
new elements in 18th century, 1.
Ingersoll Milling Machine Co.: 274.
Institution of Civil Engineers:
founding of, 90.
Interchangeable manufacture:
rise of, Chapter XI;
developed in America, 5, 129;
defined, 128;
abroad, 138, 140;
in France, 129-131;
in Hartford, 164;
tools for, 142-143.
clock, watch and sewing machine industries, 144;
Bodmer, 76;
Colt, 137, 168;
Enfield, 138, 141;
Simeon North, 131, 133, 135-136, 137, 162;
Robbins & Lawrence, 191;
Eli Whitney, 131-133, 136.
International Machine Tool Co.: 275.
Involute gears: 63, 64, 67, 68, 207.

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