HVAC

INTERVIEW
FAQ & ANSWERS
QUESTION & ANSWERS

Impress with confidence

NIRAJ SHUKLA
 ABOUT

FIRST EDITION

HVAC INTERVIEW- FAQ & ANSWERS

AUTHOR
NIRAJ SHUKLA

DIRECTOR- SCHOLENBERG INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LIMITED

PRINTED BY

SCHOLENBERG INTERNATIONAL

INDIA|UAE|USA

Page 1
 ABOUT PUBLISHER

Publisher

Scholenberg International Private Limited

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Maharashtra, India, Pin-400610

EDITION: 2022

Copyright ©: Scholenberg International Private Limited

International Standard Book Number-978-81-949820-4-9 (eBook - PDF)

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources.

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 ABOUT AUTHOR

MR. Niraj Shukla holds professional Qualification as Mechanical Engineer with Post

Graduation in Industrial Engineering from India’s Premier Institute.

He has 22+ years of International professional experience in HVAC sector ranging from

Residential, Commercial, pharmaceutical, Healthcare, Industrial Sector. But he possesses

special interest and High level of expertise in Marine, Hydro-Carbon, Oil & Gas Sectors.

His experience of working with Oil & Gas organizations and Fortune-500 companies

surely add value to the readers and their thought process towards the project.

Mr. Niraj Shukla is a professional HVAC trainer and renders his training services to many

companies world-wide as well as in India to clients i.e., Larsen & Toubro, etc. His

Recruitment Consultancy fetches, trains and provides best HVAC and MEP talent to

Domestic and Overseas Market.

He believes in Training the HVAC professionals in practical aspects as per contemporary

industry trends and make them employable to bridge the skill gap.

Author is also a pioneer of the MEP Freelance talent management concept and holds and

manage more than 100+ team of MEP Freelancers. This has helped many companies to

reduce their engineering overheads.

Language of this book is purposefully kept simple for everyone to understand easily.

Purpose of this book is to understand This gives idea to your HVAC Design team and

direction to move forward with detailed design.

Trust this would help to get some insight in world of HVAC. In case of any questions,

please ask us on info@scholenberg.com

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 HVAC Interview - Q & A

1) WHAT H.V.A.C. STANDS FOR?

HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning. Air is heated ventilated

and cooled for the human comfort & for various other applications. Atmosphere is an

un-controlled environment but with the use of HVAC controlled environment is

achieved.

For detailed Video Explanation: Click here

2) WHAT ARE FUNCTIONS OF HVAC SYSTEM?

HVAC system has various functions such as Heating, Cooling, Ventilating and

Cleaning the air. With the help of various equipment’s such as heaters, cooling coils,

filters it is possible. Its function is also to mix air and provide fresh oxygen rich air.

For detailed Video Explanation: Click here

3) WHAT IS UNIT OF MEASUREMENT FOR HVAC CAPACITY?

TR (Tons of Refrigeration) is unit to measure the capacity of HVAC system.

Consider 1 ton of ice at 0 Deg. Celsius in a room. The ice will absorb heat and will

provide cooling effect. In 24 hours of time the cooling effect produce by ice is 1 ton of

refrigeration. (1TR = 12,000 BTU/HR).

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 HVAC Interview - Q & A

4) WHAT IS SENSIBLE HEAT?

Total Heat = Sensible heat + Latent heat

Sensible heat is the heat responsible for rise in temperature. The heat added leads to

change in temperature. It can also be said as energy received prior to phase change.

For detailed video explanation: Click here

5) WHAT IS LATENT HEAT?

Latent heat is the heat supplied or extracted to change the state of a substance. For

example phase change from solid to liquid. There is no change in temperature of a

substance due to latent heat.

6) WHAT IS SPECIFIC HEAT?

Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of unit mass of a substance by 1

degree Celsius is specific heat. It is measured in two conditions such as specific heat

at constant volume and specific heat at constant pressure.

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 HVAC Interview - Q & A

7) WHAT IS USE OF PSYCHROMETRIC CHART?

The word psychrometry means the study of moist air. Psychrometric chartis a chart in

which all the values of humidity, relative humidity, Dry bulb temperature, Wet bulb

temperature, Dew point temperature and enthalpy are plotted. Having any two values

rest all the values can be found out.

For detailed video explanation: Click here

8) HOW TO CALCULATE CAPACITY OF SYSTEM FROM

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART?
From the psychrometric chart, enthalpy difference can be calculated. Enthalpy

difference multiply by the mass flow gives the room total load.

9) WHAT IS RELATIVE HUMIDITY?

There is a limit to the amount of moisture air can hold. Maximum possible amount of

moisture holding air is known as saturated air. Actual amount of moisture in the air in

relative to the saturated air at same temperature is known as relative humidity.

Relative humidity = (Actual amount of water vapour in air)

(Amount of water vapor in saturated air )

For example 50% relative humid air contains 50% of the total moisture content air can

hold.

For detailed video explanation: Click here

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 HVAC Interview - Q & A

10) WHAT IS VAPOUR COMPRESSION CYCLE?

Vapor compression cycle is a refrigeration cycle. In which vapor is compressed,

condensed and expanded to produce the refrigeration effect. The cycle uses a liquid

refrigerant as a medium to absorb and remove heat from the system. The refrigerant

vaporizes in the evaporator during which latent heat is added to it and it is ejected in

the condenser. Various components involved in this cycle are compressor, Condenser,

expansion valve and evaporator.

For Detailed Video Explanation: Click here

11) WHAT ARE COMPONENTS IN VAPOR COMPRESSION CYCLE

AND THEIR FUNCTIONS?
Four main components are compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator.

Compressor compresses the vapor refrigerant due to which there is reduction

in volume resulting in increase in temperature and pressure of vapor refrigerant.

Passed to condenser where due to the long refrigerant piping it cools down and

transform into liquid. This liquid refrigerant is passed to expansion valve, expansion

leads to sudden drop in pressure and temperature. Further in evaporator it absorbs

heat and liquid refrigerant vaporizes and back to compressor.

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 HVAC Interview - Q & A

12) WHAT IS A.H.U.?

AHU is air handling unit which re-condition the air from the room /space and does the

part of recirculating the air. AHU contains blowers, heating & cooling coils, filters and

dampers. It also functions for mixing of air to provide fresh ventilated air to the space

to ensure human comfort.

For detailed video explanation: Click here

13) COMPONENTS INSIDE AHU AND THEIR FUNCTION?

Components of Air handling unit are heating & cooling coils, blowers, filters and

dampers. Heating & cooling coils cools and heat the air as per the desired

requirements. They are the primary components for any air conditioning system.

Blowers push or pull the air from the ducts by creating positive or negative pressures.

Filters are to trap airborne particles at submicron level which are invisible to human

eye. Dampers are used to regulate and redirect air to specific areas ensuring control

over the flowing air. Acoustic lining are used for sound proofing and also for the

insulation purpose.

14) DESCRIBE THE TYPES OF AHUs?

There are two kinds of AHU

1)DRAW THROUGH AHU

2) BLOW THROUGH AHU

The difference are already in their names. In draw through AHU the fan installed

location is after cooling or heating coil and in blow through AHU the fan location is

before heating or cooling coil. Draw through AHU draws the air over heating or cooling

coil whereas in blow through AHU the air is blown over the coils.

For detailed video explanation: Click here

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 HVAC Interview - Q & A

15) WHAT ARE TYPES OF HVAC SYSTEM?

Primarily classified on

a) DX System

b) Chilled water system

DX system consists of condensing units + AHU. Broadly speaking, capacity of

DX condensing units varies from 3 TR to 125 TR. Types are classified as under:

a) Air cooled condenser unit

b) Water cooled condenser unit

Chilled water system

Chillers are preferred for load above 40TR centralized applications. They are

classified as under.

a) Air cooled chiller

b) water cooled chiller

16) WHAT ARE TYPES OF REFRIGERANTS?

Refrigerant is nothing but a heat carrying medium

There are three types of refrigerants

1) CFC – they contains ozone depletion chlorine (Eg- R-12 & R-502)

2) HCFC – they contain less chlorine (8 to 10%)- (Eg- R-22 & R-408A)

3) HFC – No chorine content (handling cost is high)-(Eg- R134a & R410a)

For detailed video explanation: Click here

17) WHAT ARE TYPES OF CHILLERS?

Chillers are mainly classified as under:

a) Air cooled chiller

b) water cooled chiller

In Air cooled chiller condenser unit is cooled by air and incase of water cooled chiller it

is cooled by water.

For detailed video explanation: Click here

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 HVAC Interview - Q & A

25) DRAW A TYPICAL COOLING TOWER & COMPONENTS

26) WHAT IS DX SYSTEM?

DX system is direct expansion system where direct represents direct contact of

evaporator with airside loop and expansion represents the refrigerant passes through

expansion device before entering evaporator. In DX system refrigerant is responsible

for cooling.

For detailed video explanation: click here

27) WHAT ARE COMPONENTS USED IN DX SYSTEM?

Components in DX System are Compressor, Condenser, Expansion Device and

Evaporator.

28) WHAT IS ROLE OF FRESH AIR IN HVAC?

Fresh air is directly taken from the environment the primary reason behind fresh air is

to provide oxygen rich air for human comfort. Fresh air results in direct load on system

but it is necessary to provide ventilated air. In hospitals operation theatre 100% fresh

air is in demand to provide air without any contamination.

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 HVAC Interview - Q & A

56) WHAT IS ROLE OF OIL PUMP IN COMPRESSOR?

The lubrication system has two basic functions

i) To lubricate the compressor's moving components

ii) To cool the system by removing heat from the compressor's moving parts.

57) WHAT IS THE WORK OF OIL SEPARATOR?

The function of an oil separator is to separate oil from the hot gas in the

discharge line and return it to the compressor crankcase or to the oil reservoir in

systems with multiple compressors.

58) WHAT IS HIGH-PRESSURE SWITCH IN HVAC SYSTEM?

The high pressure switch monitors the system for an inoperative outdoor motor,

and/or a dirty/restricted condenser (outdoor) coil. If either one of these switches trip,

the HVAC unit will shut down. The control needs to be reset to resume operation.

Some switches are reset only from inside the HVAC unit.

59)WHAT IS THE WORK OF LOW-PRESSURE SWITCH IN HVAC

SYSTEM?
The low pressure switch monitors the refrigeration system for a loss of refrigerant

charge, and may also be helpful in stopping the evaporator (indoor) coil from freezing

up due to a dirty filter or low airflow over the coil, If either one of these switches trip,

the HVAC unit will shut down.

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 HVAC Interview - Q & A

*COURSES*
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👉 HVAC BASICS (PART-2)

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7 HVAC SUPER BOOKS BUNDLE

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7 Master-course: Detailed heat load calculations

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7
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7 Expert-Course: HVAC plant troubleshooting & High side

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7 Clean room HVAC design Course

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7 Cold Room System Design Course

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7 Advanced HVAC Design Training Course

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7 Course: Duct sizing & Measurement

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