1

DESIGN OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT( STP)

FOR DAYANANDA SAGAR INSTITUTE ,
BENGALURU

PiyushTomer*2 ,MD Wasiuddin*2 ,Mohammed Parvez*2, Madhu

HS*2 ,Somya HN*1
1(Assistant professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, DSCE, Bengaluru, India)
2(Research scholar, Dept. of Civil Engineering, DSCE, Bengaluru, India)

Abstract— The Dayananda Sagar College Engineering is one of the important educational
institutes in the state of Karnataka with a large number of people residing in its campus
consisting of a number of laboratories of various departments, residential units, academic
blocks and number of hostels. A study on wastewater characterization of treatment plant will
be performed followed by the design of sewage treatment plant. The whole project study
involves the analysis of pH value, total solids, total suspended solids, hardness, acidity,
alkalinity, chloride, chlorine, BOD, COD, DO & turbidity. A sewage treatment plant is quite
necessary to receive the hostels, college and laboratories waste and removes the materials
which pose harm for general public. Its objective is to produce an environmentally-safe fluid
waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste (or treated sludge) suitable for disposal or
reuse (usually as farm fertilizer). The main purpose of Sewage treatment process is to remove
the various constituents of the polluting load: solids, organic carbon, nutrients, inorganic salts,
metals, pathogens etc. Effective wastewater collection and treatment are of great importance
from the standpoint of both; environmental and public health. Sewage/Wastewater treatment
operations are done by various methods in order to reduce its water and organic content, and
the ultimate goal of wastewater management is the protection of the environment in a manner
commensurate with public health and socioeconomic concerns. In this report
Sewagetreatment techniques, factors affecting selection and design Sewage systems are
discussed briefly.

Keywords - Physicochemical parameters; sewage treatment plant; wastewater collection;

designing.

1) INTRODUCTION
The objective in wastewater treatment is to provide a low- cost process that is reliable
meeting effluent quality standards. The contaminants in wastewater are removed by physical,
chemical, and biological means. The individual methods usually are classified as physical unit
operations, chemical unit processes, and biological unit processes. These operations and
processes occur in a variety of combinations in treatment systems, it has been found
advantageous to study their scientific basis separately because the principle involved do not
change. Traditional design procedures for wastewater treatment systems attempt to minimize
total capital cost by considering steady state concepts for unit processes and design guidelines.
Recent work has minimized capital as well as operation and maintenance costs using a single
objective function and steady state models which are flawed because plant inputs vary as
much as seven-fold during a 24-hour period. This paper presents the technical aspects of the
design for a sewage treatment plant with a capacity of 1000 cubic meters (m3 ) per day in
Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering.
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2) STUDY AREA
Study Area of DSCE Campus

DSCE is located in Shavige Malleshwara Hills, 1st Stage, Kumaraswamy Layout,

Bangalore, Karnataka. It is a sector of Dayananda Sagar Institutions. The institute is named
after its founder, Shri R Dayananda Sagar. It is an autonomous institute affiliated to
Visvesvaraya Technological University.

3) LITERATURE REVIEW
Pramod sambhaji patil et.al.(2016) studied on design of sewage treatment plant for dhule city .
Some treatment units are designed like screens, grit chamber, storage tank, settling tank,
aeration tank and skimming tank. The effluent can also be used for artificial recharge of
ground water, flushing, foam control, fire protection, lawn sprinkling .
Murthy polasa et.al (2014) reviewed about design of sewage treatment plant for gated
community. In this project three types of treatment unit operations are conducted. Like
physical, chemical and biological processes. By increasing the detention time of sewage in
each treatment unit increases the efficiency of removal unwanted impurities .
M. Aswathy et al.(2017) studied on analysis and design of sewage treatment plant of
apartment in Chennai. This project is studied that domestic and commercial waste and
removes the material with possess harm from generated public. To produce an environmental
sewage fluid waste stream and solid waste suitable from disposal of use.
N. S. Ramya et al.(2015) reviewed on design of sewage treatment plant and characteristics of
sewage. The growing environmental pollution need for decontaminating water results in the
study of characterization of waste water especially domestic sewage. The waste water leads to
developing and implementing new treatment techniques to control nitrogen and other priority
pollutants.

4) FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SEWAGE/

WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS
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A. Engineering factors

• Design period, stage wise population to be served and expected sewage flow and
fluctuations.
• Topography of the area to be served, its slope and terrain; tentative sites available for the
treatment plant, pumping stations, and disposal works.
• Available hydraulic head in the system up to high flood level in case of disposal into a river
or high tide level in case of coastal discharges,
• Groundwater depth and its seasonal fluctuations affecting construction, sewer infiltration.
• Soil bearing capacity and type of strata to be met in construction and on-site disposal
facilities, including the possibilities of segregating sludge and sewage and reuse or recycling
of sludge water within the households.

B. Environmental factors

•Surface water, groundwater and coastal water quality where wastewater has to be disposed of
after treatment.
•Odor and mosquito nuisance which affects land values, public health, and well-being, and
Public health considerations by meeting the requirements laid down by the regulatory
agencies for effluent discharge standards, permissible levels of microbial and helminths
quality requirements and control of nutrients, toxic and accumulative substances in the food
chain.

C. Process consideration

• Wastewater flow and characteristics

• Degree of treatment required
• Performance characteristics
• Availability of land, power requirements, equipment and skilled staff for handling and
maintenance.

D. Cost consideration

• Capital costs for land, construction, equipment etc.

•Operating costs including staff, chemicals, fuels and electricity, transport, maintenance, and
repairs etc.
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5) METHODOLOGY
Flow chart for STP

6) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Estimation of sewage generation

The current population of DSCE has been calculated for the estimation of the total
sewage generation.

Ultimate design period= 30 years.

Approximately, present population in DCSE =8500.

Assume, after 30 years population will be 11,000 (considering, 30% population will be
increase) .

water consumption = 135 lpcd .

Assume, Sewage generation per day = 80% of supplied water

Total sewage generation = 8500 × 135 × 0.8 = 9,18000 l/d

We assume peak factor=3 Hence, Design flow capacity (maximum) =0.069 m3/s
Since,
Institution need 150KLD Hence, Total requiremnt = 150000 lpd or 1.736x10-3 m3/sec.
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STUDY OF PHYSIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERSTICS OF

WASTE WATER
Parameters Raw waste water STP Effluent
ODOR AGREEABLE NON AGREEABLE
PH 7.87 7.5
TURBIDITY (NTU) 12.7 1.8
SUSPENDE (mg/l) 250 10
D SOLIDS
ALKALINIT (mg/l) 600 200
Y
BOD @ (mg/l) 300 20
DAY5
COD (mg/l) 503 55
DO (mg/l) 6.6 7.2
NITRATE (mg/l) 10 0.2
SULPHATE (mg/l) 415 200
IRON (mg/l) 0.3 0.0
CHLORINE (mg/l) 0.2 0.0
E- COLI PRESENT ABSENT

* Calculation for collecting pit

Reterion force required = 4KN

Avg design flow = 150/24 = 6.25m3/hr
Capacity of collection sump = 4x6.25 = 25m3
Assume liquid depth = 4m
Area, required for collection tank = 25/4 = 6.25m2
Let it be a circular tank
d = 3m

* Design of sewer chamber(screen bar)

Qmax = 0.001736 m3/sec

Assumption, shape of bar = MS flats
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Size = 10mmx50mm
Clear spacing between bars= 20mm
Assume
At peak flow, net area required = 0.001736/0.8 = 0.00217m2
Gross received area = 0.00217x1.5 = 0.003255m2
Gross vertical area = 0.003255xsin80 = 0.003055m2
Provide depth = 0.3m
Width of channel = 0.003055/0.3 = 0.0106 ≈ 0.011m
Provide 20 bars of 10mmx50mm at 20mm clear spacing

* Design of Grit chamber

Design flow = 150KLD

Surface loading = 1100m3/sqm/day
To amount for balance and short reduce the surface loading to about 600m3/sqm/day
Area required = 150/600 = 0.25m2
provide 0.60m dia chamber(circular)
Detention time = 60sec
Volume = (150x60)/(24x3600)= 0.1042m3
Liquid depth = volume/area = 0.1042/0.25 = 0.4168m
Size of grit chamber = 0.60x(0.4168+0.3) = 0.60x0.7168m

*Check for horizontal velocity

Cross sectional area of grit chamber = 0.60x0.4168 = 0.25m2

Velocity = 150/(0.25x24x3600) = 0.00694m/sec = 0.6cm/sec
0.6cm/sec <18cm/sec (hence ok)
Grit chamber assumed = 0.05m3 per 1000m3 of sewage flow even though the grit chamber rated
still grit storage is provided for avg flow.
Storage volume required = (150x8x0.05)/24x1000 = 0.0025m3
Grit storage area = 0.2826m2
Grit storage volume = 0.0025/0.2826 = 0.008846m
Provide grit chamber of size = 0.6x(0.45+0.3) = 0.6x0.75m

Out flow from grit chamber shall be carried to the aeration tank through a 600mm wide RCC
channel provided with fine bar screen, the clear spacing between the bars shall be 100mm.

*Design of primary sedimentation tank

Computation of the surface area of each channel

A = 150/15 = 10m2
Volume of channel (3:1)
LxB = 10
3BxB = 10
B2 =10/3 = 3.33
B = 1.825 ≈ 2m
L = 3xB = 3x2 = 6m
Depth = volume/area = 25/10 = 2.5+0.3(free board)
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*Design of the hopper bottom

Computation of sludge production

Determination mass of primary sludge generated
Asssume 60%
Ms = 60% of suspended solids
= 0.60x250x250x103 = 22.5x106 = 22.5kg/d = 0.93kg/hr
Vs = 22.5/(998.2x1.03x0.06) = 0.3647m3/d = 0.01519x4 = 0.06m3

Hopper bottom capacity

Capacity(C) = 0.01519X4 = 0.06m3
Volume(V) = H(B2+AB+A2)/3
=0.4(0.62+0.4x0.6+0.42)/3 = 0.10133m3

Compute depth for the tank bottom slope

Assuming 6% slope of tank bottom

Ds = (6-0.6)x0.06 = 0.324m
Depth of bottom slope = 0.165m
Free board = 0.3m
D = 2.5+0.30+0.324+0.4 = 3.524m ≈ 3.6m
Overall length (20% increase) = 1.2x6 =7.2m
L = 7.2m
B = 2m
Diameter of sludge removal pipe = 100mm

Design of aeration tank

Average flow = 150 m3/ day
Total BOD entering STP = 300 mg*/L
Assuming that negligible bod is removed in screening & grit chamber , BOD left is
the effluent Y= 20/mg/L
The BOD of sewage coming to aeration tank Yo= 300mg/L
The BOD left in Effluent = 20 mg/l
Maximum efficiency required = 280/300 = 93%
Volume of aeration taken area be designed by assuming suitable values of ML SS =
3000mg/l
(3000-3500mg/l)
F/M ratio = 0.15
F/M=O/V = Yo
___
Q=100, V=$
YT
Yt = 3500mg/L
0.15=3500mg/L
0.15= 150*300
______=86m3
V*3500
T=[V]
___*24
Length = 4m
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[Q]
Breadth=3m
=48*24
Depth=4m
________
75
=15.36 =16 Hrs
Calculate the Oxygen required for aeration
BOD [Qact * (So – Ssc)]
____________
0.68
=150 (200-14.36)
_____* _______ = 40.9 KG/d
0.68 20 2

Oxygen required / day = 40.95 – 1.42 *8.75

=28.825 Kg/d
=1.19 = 1.2mg/l

Calculated quantity needed for aeration

Qact =28.82
____ = 103.75m3/d
1.185*0.23 = 0.072m3/min

Assuming factor of safety

2*0.09 = 0.18m3/mm

Required =1620/150 =10.8 m3

=1620/(200-14.36)*20=0.436 m3/kg of BOD

Power Required for Diffuse Aeration

Pf=1.1L
___ =1.037
1.08
80% of efficiency
Pt = 1.05
___
0.80
=1.31=1.5
Hence Power = 1.5 BHP
Two Segment each of 0.8120Hp

(i)Complete ratio & flow to be required

(Q+Qr)
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Q=0.78
Q=0.78*150 LCD
=117 LCD

Sludge Waste Ratio

1. (86*3500)
____________=3.76m3/d
10*(0.8*10000)
2. Qw V 86
__ ___ 8.6m3/d
0c 10
Mass of Sludge to be washed per day
Mass = Mass of solids –mass of suspended
Yas =Y
________
1+Kd*Qc
Px = 0.3125 *150*(200-14.30)
= 8.7Kg/d _______
105
Px = Px 8.7
__ __ =10.87Kg/d
0.8 0.8
10.87-3.75 =7.125Kg/d
Sludge drying beds
Sludge applied for drying beds = 100Kg/ MLD
Sludge applied =7Kg/d +22.5 =30Kg/d
Specific Gravity=1.015
Solid Content =1.5%
Volume of Sludge = 30 1
__
_______________=1.96m3
1.5% 1000*1.015
Period of Each Cycle = 365
___ =11 days
33
Volume of Sludge = 2*11=22m3
Speeding a layer of 0.3m/ Cycle
Provide 4 Beds of 5*4 m
Area provided = 80mz area
Sludge tank dimension = 3m*2.7m*3m

Decant Tank(Secondary Clarifier )

Unliec other treatment process in SSB the classified water tank is designed to ideal decant prove each
batch is 86m3/ batch
This Classified water tank dimension (4*3*4)*2
8*3*4m
Final collection tank
Depending upon amount of water in decant tank
Volume = 8m*3m*4m
Second Type STP
Every thing is same grit chamber and collection pit is replaced by equalization tank
Equalization Tank
Design avg flow= 150KLD
Destaration time =12 Hrs
Volume =150*12
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_____ = 75m3
24
Dimension=6m*4m*3.5m

Tertiary treatment units

The wastewater after biological treatment still contains some solids, colour, odourand
harmful micro-organisms. The pressure and filter and activated carbon filters are
used to remove the solids and colour. The disinfection rocess is used to remove the
micro-organisms and odour.

Pressure sand filter

Pressure sand filter with various grades of pebbles and sand media help in the
removal of residual suspended solids. The filter will be operating in the
pressure range of 3-3.5 kg/cm2.
Residual suspended solids. The filter will be operating in the pressure range of
3-3.5 kg/cm2
Assuming a loading rate of 6.0 m / hr.
Design flow = 150 m3 /day and considering 20 hr/day of operations of PSF
The recommended PSF dimension is 1.2 dia and height 3 m. Suitable designed
Backwashing system is adopted.

Activate Carbon Filter

Considering the same parameters for designing the activated carbon filter, the
recommended dimensions for ACF is 1.2 m Dia and height 3.0 m

Disinfection
In order to disinfect the treated effluent various disinfection methods like
chlorination, ozonation etc can be used. However chlorination is proved to be
cheaper and relatively effective. Hence the same system is adopted. The chlorine
can be administered in the form of liquid or solid (bleaching powder) into the treated
effluent channel. An automatic electronic metering system can be chlorination and
to allow residual chlorine of more than 1 mg/1 in the treated effluent.

Thus the final treated water is used for gardening, flusing, car wash etc.

Detail Drawings of Proposed STP Units, DSCE Map, DSCE Sewer

line Map for New and Old STP
DSCE CAMPUS
ENTRY SEWER LINE MAP

PRESENT
SEWER LINE

OLD
STP
NEW
STP
DSCE CAMPUS
MODIFIED SEWER
ENTRY
LINE MAP

NEW STP
SEWER LINE

OLD STP
SEWER LINE

OLD
STP
NEW
STP
EQUALIZATION TANK
SEDIMENTATION/PRIMARY TANK

4000

2000
7200
6000

3600
3500

AERATION TANK
3000

3000

4000 4000
4000

4000
 DECANT/SECONDARY FINAL TREATED WATER TANK
SEDIMENTATION TANK
SLUDGE HOLDING TANK

3000
3000

2700
8000 8000
3000
4000

4600
3000
4600 8000
 HOLDING TANK
EQUALIZATION TANK

DECANT/SECONDARY FINAL TREATED

SEDIMENTATION TANK WATER TANK
SLUDGE
AERATION TANK
SEDIMENTATION TANK
 1 2 3 4 5
3000
4000
HOLDING TANK

8000
EQUALIZATION TANK

FINAL TREATED

3000

3000
DECANT/SECONDARY
A A
4000

4000 WATER TANK

SEDIMENTATION TANK
SLUDGE

6215
6230

3970

3230
3000

3000
AERATION TANK

2000
B SEDIMENTATION TANK B
7200 4000 4000 1785
1 2 3 4 5
 A
7500

3320

3600

3000
24833.41

4600

4600
2320

7150
A
 B
7500

3600

3600
24833.41

4000

4000

4000

7150
B
 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT LAYOUT
ELECTRIC SUPPLY PANEL
ELECTRIC MOTORS
SLUDGE DRY BEDS PSF ACF
HOLDING TANK
EQUALIZATION TANK

DECANT/SECONDARY FINAL TREATED

SEDIMENTATION TANK WATER TANK
SLUDGE
AERATION TANK
SEDIMENTATION TANK
 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT REINFORCEMENT

12 mm Dia Bars @ 130 c/c

2320
12 mm Dia Bars @ 100 c/c
3320

10 mm Dia Bars @ 100 c/c

7500

7150
4600

4600
3600

3000

12 mm Dia Bars @ 130 c/c

12 mm Dia Bars @ 100 c/c

A A
24833.41
 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT REINFORCEMENT
12 mm Dia Bars @ 130 c/c

12 mm Dia Bars @ 100 c/c

10 mm Dia Bars @ 100 c/c

7500

7150
4000

4000

4000
3600

3600

12 mm Dia Bars @ 130 c/c

12 mm Dia Bars
B @ 100 c/c
B
24833.41
4000
12 mm Dia Bars @ 130 c/c
10 mm Dia Bars @ 100 c/c
12 mm Dia Bars @ 100 c/c
B
 11

7) CONCLUSION

The ultimate goal of wastewater treatment is the protection of the environment in a manner
commensurate with public health and socio-economic concerns. Based on the nature of
wastewater, it is suggested whether primary, secondary and tertiary treatment will be carried
out before final disposal.The results obtained from the study suggest that the conventional
activated sludge has low degree of flexibility and treatment efficiency: however ,the attached
growth technologies are remarkably superior in pollutant elimination even of low HRT from
residential waste water.
Therefore the project that we took in relating the design and analysis has been successfully
carried out and completed with the requiring details and information that is related and hence
the process, nature, requirements, sample and tests which has been in accordance to the project
has been conducted by our team.

8) REFRENCES
1). Manual on water supply and treatment, C.P.H.E.E.O., Ministry of Urban Development;
Government of India, New Delhi.
2). Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment, C.P.H.E.E.O.,Ministry of Urban Development;
Government of India,New Delhi.
3). Jayshree Dhote, Sangita Ingole (2012); Review on Wastewater Treatment Technologies.
4). International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. pp. 2-5.
5). IS: 3025 (PART 10) – 1984, Methods of sampling and test for water and wastewater.
6). IS: 4764 – 1973, Permissible limits for sewage effluents in waste water.
7). A.K. Jain; Environmental Engineering, Khanna Publishing House.
8). S.K. Garg; Water supply and Sewage Disposal Engineering Vol 1&2, Khanna Publishing
House.
9). Tchobanoglous, George; Burton, Franklin L.; Stensel, H. David; Metcalf & Eddy, Inc.
(2003).
10) .Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill 4.
11).Sanjay Kumar; Sanghi, Rashmi (2012). Advances in Water Treatment and Pollution
Prevention. Springer
12)Waste water treatment concepts and design approach , G L Karia, R A Christian.