Struck Tools

ASME B107.
410-2008
Struck Tools
Incorporation of ASME B107.43,
ASME B107.44, ASME B107.46,
ASME B107.48, ASME B107.49,
ASME B107.50, ASME B107.52,
and ASME B107.59
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A N A M E R I C A N N AT I O N A L STA N DA R D
Copyright ASME International

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ASME B107.410-2008
Struck Tools
Incorporation of ASME B107.43,
ASME B107.44, ASME B107.46,
ASME B107.48, ASME B107.49,
ASME B107.50, ASME B107.52,
and ASME B107.59
A N A M E R I C A N N AT I O N A L S TA N D A R D
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Date of Issuance: July 11, 2008
This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There will
be no addenda issued to this edition.
ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this
document. Periodically certain actions of the ASME B107 Committee may be published as Cases.
Cases and interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at
http://cstools.asme.org as they are issued.
ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National
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Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from
competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made
available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,
regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
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No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright © 2008 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved
Printed in U.S.A.

CONTENTS
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Correspondence With the B107 Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
ASME B107.43 Wood-Splitting Wedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ASME B107.44 Chisels — Glaziers’, Wood, Ripping, Flooring/Electricians’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
ASME B107.46 Stud, Screw, and Pipe Extractors: Safety Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
ASME B107.48 Metal Chisels, Punches, and Drift Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
ASME B107.49 Nail Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
ASME B107.50 Brick Chisels, Brick Sets, and Star Drills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
ASME B107.52 Nail-Puller Bars and Pry Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
ASME B107.59 Slugging and Striking Wrenches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
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iii
FOREWORD
The American National Standards Committee B107 on Socket Wrenches and Drives was origi-
nally under the sponsorship of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). It was
subsequently reorganized as an ASME Standards Committee, and its title was changed to Hand
Tools and Accessories. In 1996, the Committee’s scope was expanded to include safety considera-
tions.
The purpose of B107.410 is to define essential performance and safety requirements specifically
applicable to the various struck tools covered herein. It specifies test methods to evaluate perform-
ance related to the defined requirements and safety, and indicates limitations of safe use.
This Standard includes
ASME B107.43, Wood-Splitting Wedges
ASME B107.44, Chisels — Glaziers’, Wood, Ripping, Flooring/Electricians’ that consolidates
revisions to ASME B107.44, Glaziers’ Chisels and Wood Chisels: Safety Requirements and
ASME B107.45, Ripping Chisels and Flooring/Electricians’ Chisels
ASME B107.46, Stud, Screw, and Pipe Extractors: Safety Requirements
ASME B107.48, Metal Chisels, Punches, and Drift Pins
ASME B107.49, Nail Sets
ASME B107.50, Brick Chisels, Brick Sets, and Star Drills that consolidates revisions to
ASME B107.50M, Brick Chisels and Brick Sets: Safety Requirements and ASME B107.51,
Star Drills: Safety Requirements
ASME B107.52, Nail-Puller Bars and Pry Bars that consolidates and revises ASME B107.52M,
Nail-Puller Bars: Safety Requirements and ASME B107.60, Pry Bars
ASME B107.59, Slugging and Striking Wrenches
In addition to the consolidation of struck tools into these Standards, principal changes are the
uniform inclusion of performance requirements and test methods that evaluate both performance
and safety as well as uniform format for sections on definitions, references, performance require-
ments, tests, and safety requirements and limitations of use.
Members of the Hand Tools Institute, Striking and Struck Tools Standards Committee, through
their knowledge and hard work, have been major contributors to the development of the B107
Standards. Their active efforts in the promotion of these standards is acknowledged and
appreciated.
The format of this Standard is in accordance with The ASME Codes & Standards Writing Guide
2000. Requests for interpretations of the technical requirements of this Standard should be
expressed in writing to the Secretary, B107 Committee, at the address below.
Suggestions for the improvement of this Standard are welcome. They should be addressed to
the Secretary, ASME B107 Standards Committee, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.
ASME B107.43 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on
September 16, 2002; ASME B107.44 was approved on March 9, 2007; ASME B107.46 was approved
on May 25, 2004; ASME B107.48 was approved on March 14, 2005; ASME B107.49 was approved
on October 5, 2004; ASME B107.50 was approved on September 11, 2007; ASME B107.52 was
approved on August 17, 2007; and ASME B107.59 was approved on July 12, 2007.
iv
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ASME B107 COMMITTEE
Hand Tools and Accessories
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)
STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS
W. T. Pagac, Chair
D. S. McKittrick, Vice Chair
J. H. Karian, Secretary
STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
N. C. Cantlon, Jore Corp.

J. D. Davidson, Sears, Roebuck and Co.
P. A. Desmarais, Danaher Tool Group
D. M. Eggert, Snap-On Tools
J. S. Foote, Trade Association Management, Inc.
R. A. Goldman II, Klein Tools, Inc.
J. H. Karian, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
D. S. McKittrick, Western Forge Corp.
G. E. Olson, Gene Olson Engineering Consultant, Ltd.
W. T. Pagac, Forever Associates
W. C. Snyder, Wright Tool Co.
J. M. Ster, General Services Administration
J. F. Chaney, Alternate, General Services Administration
SUBCOMMITTEE 4 — STRIKING AND STRUCK
G. E. Olson, Gene Olson Engineering Consultant, Ltd.

J. F. Chaney, General Services Administration
J. D. Davidson, Sears, Roebuck and Co.
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W. T. Pagac, Forever Associates
v
CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE B107 COMMITTEE
General. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the
consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committee
by requesting interpretations, proposing revisions, and attending committee meetings. Correspon-
dence should be addressed to:
Secretary, B107 Standards Committee
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Three Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5990
Proposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changes
that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application
of the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically.
The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should be
as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed
description of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation.
Proposing a Case. Cases may be issued for the purpose of providing alternative rules when
justified, to permit early implementation of an approved revision when the need is urgent, or to
provide rules not covered by existing provisions. Cases are effective immediately upon ASME
approval and shall be posted on the ASME Committee Web page.
Requests for Cases shall provide a Statement of Need and Background Information. The request
should identify the standard, the paragraph, figure or table number(s), and be written as a
Question and Reply in the same format as existing Cases. Requests for Cases should also indicate
the applicable edition(s) of the standard to which the proposed Case applies.
Interpretations. Upon request, the B107 Committee will render an interpretation of any require-
ment of the Standard. Interpretations can only be rendered in response to a written request sent
to the Secretary of the B107 Standards Committee.
The request for interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. It is further recommended
that the inquirer submit his/her request in the following format:
Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the topic of the inquiry.
Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the Standard for which the interpretation is
being requested.
Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific requirement
suitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for an approval
of a proprietary design or situation. The inquirer may also include any plans
or drawings that are necessary to explain the question; however, they should
not contain proprietary names or information.
Requests that are not in this format will be rewritten in this format by the Committee prior
to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.
ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional
information that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by an
interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not
“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.
Attending Committee Meetings. The B107 Committee regularly holds meetings, which are open
to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary of the
B107 Standards Committee.
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ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.43)
ASME B107.43
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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5 Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
6 Safety Requirements and Limitations of Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Figures
1 Wood-Splitting Wedge Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Nomenclature and Alternate Head Designs for Square Head Wedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Stave and Oregon Splitting Wedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.43)
WOOD-SPLITTING WEDGES
1 SCOPE Fig. 1 Wood-Splitting Wedge Nomenclature
This Standard provides performance and safety Struck face

requirements for splitting wedges that are used specifi-
cally for splitting wood. It is intended to serve as a guide
in selecting, testing, and using the hand tools covered. Head
It is not the purpose of this Standard to specify the
details of manufacturing.
This Standard is also meant to serve as a guide in
Guide groove
developing manuals and posters and for training per- or wing
sonnel in safe practices.
This Standard may be used as a guide by state authori- Taper
ties or other regulatory bodies in the formulation of laws
or regulations. It is also intended for voluntary use by
establishments that use or manufacture the tools cov-
ered. The methods employed to ensure compliance with Bevel Splitting
this Standard shall be determined by the proper regula- edge
tory or administrative authority.
Fig. 2 Nomenclature and Alternate Head Designs for

2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES Square Head Wedges
The following documents form a part of this Standard
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Struck face
to the extent specified herein. At the time of publication,
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are sub-
ject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this
American National Standard are encouraged to investi-
gate the possibility of applying the most recent editions
of the documents indicated below. Copies of the publica- Lesser
chamfer
tions may be obtained from publishers as indicated. width
ANSI Z87.1-1998, Practice for Occupational Educational

Eye and Face Protection
ANSI Z535.4-1998, Product Safety Signs and Labels
Publisher: American National Standards Institute
(ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036
ASTM E 18-00, Standard Test Methods for Rockwell

Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of 3 DEFINITIONS
Metallic Materials
See Figs. 1, 2, and 3 as applicable.
Publisher: ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor
bevel: the angular portion of the wedge adjacent to the
Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
splitting edge and extending to the taper.
19428-2959
chamfer: the angled flat surface or equivalent radius of
Guide to Hand Tools — Selection, Safety Tips, Proper the wedge encircling the perimeter of the struck face.
Use and Care equivalent: the word equivalent in this Standard shall be
Publisher: Hand Tools Institute (HTI), 25 North Broad- interpreted to mean alternate designs or features that
way, Tarrytown, NY 10591 will provide an equal degree of safety.
2
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.43)
Fig. 3 Stave and Oregon Splitting Wedges names are those generally recognized; however, styles
are not limited to those named or illustrated.
Struck face
Style Applications
Square head Splitting logs and wood products
Oregon splitting Splitting logs and wood products
Stave wedge Splitting narrow strips of wood,
such as barrel staves
(a) Stave Wedge (a) The struck face shall have a flat or convex shape.
Lesser (b) The struck face of all wedges shall have a chamfer
chamfer width of approximately 45 deg (or equivalent radius) around
the perimeter, with the lesser width equal to approxi-
mately one-tenth of the minimum head width. For exam-
ple, if the minimum head width equals 2 in. (50.8 mm),
then the lesser chamfer width will equal approximately
0.2 in. (5 mm).
(c) All wedges shall be free of nonfunctional sharp
edges, points, and surface roughness that could inflict
(b) Oregon Splitting Wedge
personal injury on the user when handling the tool.
(d) Wedges shall pass the tests outlined in section 5.
guide grooves or wings: when provided, the long, narrow 4.2 Materials
impressions or protrusions located on opposite sides of The materials used in the manufacture of wedges shall
the taper. be such as to produce wedges conforming to the require-
hardness: the condition of the wedge resulting from heat ments specified herein.
treatment.
4.3 Mechanical Properties
head: the portion of the wedge between the struck face
and the taper. The hardness of the wood-splitting wedges shall not
exceed 35 HRC or equivalent.
safety message: the information imprinted on or affixed
to the wedge that is intended to promote safety.
shall: characterizes mandatory requirements of this
5 TESTS
Standard. Many tests required herein are inherently hazardous,
should: indicates if a provision is of an advisory nature, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property
or is stated as a recommendation. shall be employed in conducting such tests.
Separate (new) wedges shall be used for each test.
splitting edge: the edge formed by the bevel directly oppo-
Failure to meet the requirements of either test indicates
site the struck face.
that the wedges do not comply with this Standard.
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struck face: the portion of the wedge located adjacent to
the head directly opposite the splitting edge. 5.1 Hardness Determination Test
taper: the portion of the wedge with a gradually reducing Hardness determination shall be made on a fixtured
cross-sectional area, located between the head and the wood-splitting wedge or on a mounted or unmounted
bevel. specimen that has been cut from the tool using the wet
abrasive or other equivalent method. Any hardness test
will be acceptable that uses equipment and methods
4 REQUIREMENTS
equivalent to Rockwell hardness determination as speci-
4.1 Design fied in ASTM E 18.
Wood-splitting wedges shall have a splitting edge and
taper for splitting wood, and a struck face to be struck 5.2 Struck Face Test
by the appropriate striking tool. An appropriate striking The wedge shall be vertically mounted and supported
tool shall mean a sledge or woodchopper’s maul with a with the splitting edge resisting directly on a mild steel
striking face not less than 0.375 in. (9.50 mm) larger plate of not less than 0.75 in. (19.1 mm) thickness. The
in diameter than the struck face of the wood-splitting steel plate shall be rigidly supported on an anvil or other
wedge. similar device of sufficient mass to resist deflection. Prior
Typical styles of wood-splitting wedges are shown in to conducting this test, care should be taken to blunt
Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and their uses are listed below. The the splitting edge to ensure that the impact energy is
3
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.43)
not expended in deformation of the splitting edge. A all persons in the immediate area where any wedge
steel weight of 10 lb (4.5 kg) with a striking face hardness is being used to avoid possible eye injury from flying
of 45 HRC to 60 HRC shall be dropped unrestricted objects.
from a height of 5.0 ft (1.5 m) onto the wedge a minimum (e) A woodchopper’s maul or an ax shall always be
of five times. Typically, the weight is cylindrical and is used to make a starting notch in the wood to be split.
dropped through a seamless tube slightly larger than (f) Wedges shall be inspected prior to each use, and
the diameter of the weight. The weight shall be dropped their use discontinued at the first sign of chipping or
in such a manner that each drop applies the full force cracking of any portion of the struck face or cutting edge.
squarely to the struck face of the wedge. (g) No part of the wedge shall be ground, welded,
The struck face shall not crack or chip. Normal defor- treated by reheating, or otherwise altered from the origi-
mation of the struck face shall be permitted.1 nal conditions as furnished by the manufacturer, except
as indicated in paras. 6(h) and 6(i).
6 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS OF (h) Dulling of the splitting edge may occur from tool
USE usage. It shall be reshaped or redressed to the original
contour only by the use of a whetstone or hand file.2
Instructors and employers shall stress proper and safe
(i) Any mushrooming of the struck face from tool
use of wedges and shall emphasize the need to wear
usage shall be promptly redressed to the original contour
and ensure the use of safety goggles. The publication
by use of a hand file.2
Guide to Hand Tools — Selection, Safety Tips, Proper Use and
(j) Each wedge shall be permanently stamped or
Care provides guidelines for the safe use of these tools.
marked by the manufacturer with the following message
(a) Wood-splitting wedges are special-purpose tools
or the equivalent:
designed and intended only for use in splitting wood.
(b) Wood-splitting wedges shall not be struck with
an ax or hatchet.
(c) A blow from an appropriate striking tool shall be WARNING
struck squarely, with the striking face parallel with a WEAR SAFETY GOGGLES
struck face of the wedge. Glancing blows, overstrikes, USER AND BYSTANDER
and understrikes should be avoided.
An appropriate striking tool shall be a sledge or wood-
chopper’s maul with a striking face not less than 0.375 in. This safety message shall be located in a position that
(9.53 mm) larger in diameter than the struck face of the will not interfere with the quality or performance of the
wood-splitting wedge. tool. The principles given in ANSI Z535.4 shall be used
(d) Safety goggles or equivalent eye protection con- as a guide for alternate, equivalent methods of labeling.
forming to ANSI Z87.1 shall be worn by the user and
1 2
The test is so severe that a degree of permissible deformation, It is understood that industrial users with adequate facilities
such as denting of the splitting edge and struck face, can be antici- and properly trained personnel may choose to redress or resharpen
pated. A much less severe test would avoid this, but it would not these tools by other means without altering the metallurgical char-
provide the level of safety assurance desired. acteristics of the tools.
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4
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.44)
ASME B107.44
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6 Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Figures
1 Nomenclature for Glaziers’ Chisels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 Nomenclature for All-Steel Wood Chisels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 Nomenclature for Wood Chisels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4 Nomenclature for Ripping Chisels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5 Nomenclature for Flooring/Electricians’ Chisels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6 Side Force Test for Glaziers’ and Wood Chisels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7 Impact Test for Types I and II Chisels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8 Permanent Set Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
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5
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.44)
CHISELS — GLAZIERS’, WOOD, RIPPING,

FLOORING/ELECTRICIANS’
1 SCOPE Fig. 1 Nomenclature for Glaziers’ Chisels

This Standard provides performance and safety Struck face
requirements for glaziers’ chisels, wood chisels, ripping
chisels, and flooring/electricians’ chisels. Glaziers’ chis- Rounded head
els are intended for installing and removing putty
around window panes and for general wood chisel work
relating to glazing. Wood chisels are intended for mak-
Handle
ing rough and finish cuts in wood. Ripping and floor-
ing/electricians’ chisels are intended for use in cutting
wood and light prying, such as cutting the tongue of
installed flooring sections and raising and removing
floor planks. It is intended to serve as a guide in select-
ing, testing, and using the hand tools covered. It is not Body
the purpose of this Standard to specify the details of
manufacturing.
developing manuals and posters, and for training per-
sonnel to work safely. Blade
This Standard may be used as a guide by state authori-
ties or other regulatory bodies in the formulation of laws
or regulations. It is also intended for voluntary use by
establishments that use or manufacture the tools cov- Bevel
ered. The methods employed to ensure compliance with
this Standard shall be determined by the proper regula- Cutting edge
will provide an equal degree of performance and safety.
2 DEFINITIONS handle: when provided, the portion attached to the body
See Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 as applicable. of glaziers’ and wood chisels by which the tool is held.
bevel: the angular or curved portion of the chisel adjacent hardness: the condition of the chisel resulting from heat
to the cutting edge extending to the blade or taper. treatment.
blade: the portion of the glaziers’ or wood chisel opposite nail pulling slot: when provided, the V-shaped slot or
the struck face used for cutting. opening formed in the taper of certain models of ripping
chisels.
body: on glaziers’ and wood chisels, the metal portion
of the chisel extending from the blade. On ripping and permanent set: plastic deformation of the tool as mea-
flooring/electricians’ chisels, the straight portion of the sured per para. 6.5 herein.
chisel between the chamfer and the taper. rounded head: the equivalent design for the struck face
chamfer: the angled flat surface or equivalent radius and chamfer portion of the chisel.
between the struck face and the body of the chisel encir- safety message: information imprinted on or affixed to
cling the perimeter of the struck face. the chisel that is intended to promote safety.
cutting edge: the edge formed by the bevel directly oppo- shall: characterizes mandatory requirements of this
site the struck face. Standard.
equivalent: the word equivalent in this Standard shall be should: characterizes provisions of an advisory nature,
interpreted to mean alternative designs or features that or is stated as a recommendation.
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,
6
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.44)
Fig. 2 Nomenclature for All-Steel Wood Chisels Fig. 3 Nomenclature for Wood Chisels
Struck face Struck face Rounded head
Chamfer Chamfer
Handle
Body Body
Alternative
Upset Head
Blade Side
bevels
Body
Bevel Blade Side bevels

Cutting
edge
side bevel: the slanting surface on side edges that

decreases blade thickness.
struck face: the portion of the chisel directly opposite the
Cutting edge Bevel
cutting edge.
taper: the portion of the chisel between the body and
the bevel with a gradually reducing cross-sectional area.
Publisher: Hand Tools Institute (HTI), 25 North Broad-
upset head: when provided, the portion of the chisel body way, Tarrytown, NY 10591
having an enlarged cross-sectional area at the struck end
of the tool including and underlying the struck face.
4 CLASSIFICATION
3 REFERENCES (a) Type I: glaziers’
(b) Type II: wood
The following is a list of publications referenced in
(c) Type III: ripping
this Standard. The latest available edition shall be used.
(d) Type IV: flooring/electricians’
ANSI Z87.1-2003, Practice for Occupational and
Educational Eye and Face Protection
ANSI Z535.4-2002, Product Safety Signs and Labels 5 REQUIREMENTS
Publisher: American National Standards Institute The illustrations shown herein are descriptive and
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY, 10036 nonrestrictive, and are not intended to preclude the man-
ufacture of chisels that otherwise comply with this
ASTM E 18-2005, Standard Test Methods for Rockwell
Standard.
Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of
Metallic Materials 5.1 Design
Publisher: ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor
Chisels shall have a cutting edge on one end and a
Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
struck face on the opposite end to be struck by a hammer
19428-2959
of the appropriate type and size. The appropriate ham-
Guide to Hand Tools — Selection, Safety Tips, Proper mer shall have a striking face not less than 0.375 in.
Use and Care larger in diameter than the struck face of the chisel.
7
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.44)
Fig. 4 Nomenclature for Ripping Chisels

Chamfer
Struck face
Struck face
Body
Lesser
chamfer
Body width
Rounded Head
Alternative
Upset Head
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Struck face
Body
Taper
Nail pulling
slot
Bevel Bevel
Cutting edge
8
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.44)
Fig. 5 Nomenclature for Flooring/Electricians’ Chisels

Chamfer Struck face
Body
Struck face
Body
Rounded Head
Alternative
Upset Head
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Chamfer
Body
Taper
Bevel
Cutting edge
9
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.44)
The names given in this Standard are those generally 6.1 Hardness Determination Test
recognized. The types covered by this Standard are listed Hardness determination shall be made in accordance
as follows and shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5: with ASTM E 18.
(a) glaziers’ chisel: for installing and removing putty
around window panes and for general wood chisel work 6.2 Side Force Test
relating to glazing. This test applies only to Types I and II chisels. There
(b) wood chisel: for making rough and finish cuts in shall be no evidence of breaks, cracks, or permanent
wood. deformation when a side force as indicated below is
(c) ripping chisels: used as a lever for light prying in applied perpendicular and then parallel to the blade
dismantling wood construction and removing nails. flats at 0.50 in. from the struck face, with the blade rigidly
(d) flooring/electricians’ chisels: used for cutting high supported 1.5 in. from the cutting edge (see Fig. 6).
spots and tongues from subflooring and removing
Cutting Edge Width, in. Side Force, lbf
installed floor sections. These chisels are also used for
making cutouts for electrical outlet boxes. < 0.50 10
≥ 0.50 and < 1.00 20
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5.1.1 The struck face shall have a convex shape or ≥ 1.00 and <1.50 30
a flat surface with a chamfer of approximately 45 deg ≥ 1.50 50
(or an equivalent radius) around the perimeter with the
lesser width (see Fig. 2) equal to approximately one- 6.3 Impact Test
tenth of the body stock size. For example, if the body 6.3.1 Types I and II Chisels. Chisels shall be
stock size equals 1 in., then the lesser chamfer width mounted vertically with the cutting edge resting on a
should equal approximately 0.1 in. hardwood test dowel and oriented at 90 deg to the axis
of the dowel (rod). The chisel should be retained in a
5.1.2 Chisels shall be free of nonfunctional sharp
vertical position with a snug-fitting fixture permitting
unrestricted vertical movement in response to the impact
of the drop weight on the chisel struck face. The dowel
5.1.3 Chisels shall pass the applicable tests in sec- shall have a diameter of 1 in. and shall be made of
tion 6. hardwood, such as maple, birch, or beech.
The dowel with its end grain perpendicular to the
5.2 Materials cutting edge (see Fig. 7) shall rest on a solid foundation,
such as a steel block, weighing not less than 20 lb. A 10 lb
The materials used in the manufacture of chisels shall
cylindrical steel weight, with a striking face hardness of
be such as to produce chisels conforming to the require-
45 HRC to 60 HRC, shall be dropped 20 times (through
ments specified herein.
seamless tubing slightly larger than the diameter of the
weight) onto the chisel struck face from the height indi-
5.3 Mechanical Properties
cated below. The test dowel shall be moved after each
(a) Types I and II (glaziers’ and wood) chisels shall drop of the weight to make a new impression. The diam-
be hardened and tempered to 53 HRC to 62 HRC or eter of the striking face of the weight shall be less than
equivalent for a distance of not less than 0.25 in. from 0.375 in. larger than the struck face of the chisel.
the cutting edge.
Cutting Edge Width, in. Drop Height, in
(b) Types III and IV (ripping and flooring/
electricians’) chisels shall be hardened and tempered to < 0.50 6
30 HRC to 52 HRC or equivalent for a distance of not ≥ 0.50 and ≤ 1.00 12
≥ 1.00 16
less than 0.25 in. from the cutting edge.
(c) The hardness of the struck face of the chisel shall There shall be no chipping, cracking, or spalling of
not exceed 44 HRC or equivalent. either the cutting edge or the struck face, or cracking or
bending of the chisel. There shall be no deterioration
of the handle. Normal deformation1 at either end is
6 TESTS permitted.
SAFETY WARNING: Many tests required herein are inherently 6.3.2 Types III and IV Chisels. The chisel shall be
hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property mounted vertically with the cutting edge resting on a
shall be employed in conducting such tests. steel bar. The chisel shall be retained in a vertical position
Separate (new) chisels shall be used for each test. 1
Failure to meet the requirements of any of the tests This test is so severe that a degree of permissible deformation,
such as denting of the cutting edge and the struck face, can be
indicates that the chisels do not comply with this anticipated. A much less severe test would avoid this, but it would
Standard. not provide the level of safety assurance desired.
10
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.44)
Fig. 6 Side Force Test for Glaziers’ and Wood Chisels

0.5 in.
Side force
1.5 in.
(a) Perpendicular Load
0.5 in.
Side force
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
1.5 in.
(b) Parallel Load
11
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.44)
Fig. 7 Impact Test for Types I and II Chisels

--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
with a snug-fitting fixture permitting unrestricted verti- 6.4 Tensile Force Test
cal movement in response to the impact of the drop For chisels with separate handles, the chisel blade and
weight on the chisel struck face. handle shall not loosen when subjected to a 60 lbf tensile
The bar shall have a minimum thickness of 0.75 in., force applied at room temperature.
a width of at least 0.25 in. greater than the width of the
chisel cutting edges. The bar shall be mild steel (UNS 6.5 Permanent Set
G10180–G10300) and have a uniform hardness of 80 HRB
to 85 HRB. The bar shall rest on a solid foundation, such
6.5.1 Type III Ripping Chisels. Samples shall be
supported as illustrated in Fig. 8 and a bending moment
as a steel block, weighing 20 lb or greater.
of 4,500 lbf-in. applied. After application of the bending
A 5 lb cylindrical weight with a striking face hardness
moment, the sample shall be removed from the support-
of 45 HRC to 60 HRC shall be dropped 20 times (through
ing fixture and measured for permanent set. Permanent
seamless tubing slightly larger than the diameter of the set is determined by measuring the vertical displace-
weight) from a height of 10 in. onto the chisel struck ment, relative to the horizontal plane through the center-
face. The diameter of the striking face of the weight shall line of the sample, of a fixed point on the chisel handle
not be less than 0.375 in. larger than the struck face of (preferably near the struck face end of the chisel) and
the chisel. The test bar shall be moved after each drop dividing the displacement by the distance from the ful-
of the weight to make a new impression. crum. Samples pass this test only if all of the following
There shall be no chipping, cracking, or dulling of the conditions are met after loading the tool:
cutting edge; no mushrooming or chipping of the struck (a) The sample does not fracture.
face; and no bending of the chisel. Normal deformation (b) The sample does not permanently deform more
at either end is permitted.1 than 0.1 in./in.
12
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.44)
Fig. 8 Permanent Set Test
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
2.0 in. 4.0 in. max.
Force
13
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.44)
6.5.2 Type IV Flooring/Electricians’ Chisels. Sam- (g) Flooring/electricians’chisels shall not be struck on
ples shall be supported as illustrated in Fig. 8 and a any surface other than the struck face. The appropriate
bending moment of 2,000 lbf-in. applied. After applica- type and size of hammer shall have a striking face with
tion of the bending moment, the sample shall be a diameter not less than 0.375 in. larger than the struck
removed from the supporting fixture and measured for face of the chisel.
permanent set. Permanent set is determined by measur- (h) Safety goggles, or equivalent eye protection con-
ing the vertical displacement, relative to the horizontal forming to ANSI Z87.1, shall be worn by the user and
plane through the centerline of the sample, of a fixed by all persons in the immediate area in which any chisel
point on the chisel handle (preferably near the struck is being used to avoid possible eye injury from flying
face end of the chisel) and dividing the displacement objects.
by the distance from the fulcrum. Samples pass this (i) Chisels shall be inspected prior to each use and
test only if all of the following conditions are met after their use discontinued at the first sign of bending of the
loading the tool: chisel, or chipping or cracking of the cutting edge or
(a) The sample does not fracture. struck face.
(b) The sample does not permanently deform more (j) Except as indicated in paras. 7(k) and 7(l), no area,
than 0.01 in./in. section, or portion of the chisel shall be ground, welded,
treated by reheating, or otherwise altered from the origi-
7 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS OF nal condition as furnished by the manufacturer.
USE (k) Dulling of the cutting edge may occur from tool
usage. The cutting edge shall be resharpened or
Instructors and employers shall stress proper use and
redressed to its original contour only by the use of a
safety in the use of striking tools, and shall emphasize
whetstone or hand file.2
the necessity to wear and ensure the use of safety goggles
(l) At the first indication of mushrooming, the chisel
or equivalent eye protection. The publication Guide to
struck face shall be redressed to its original contour by
Hand Tools — Selection, Safety Tips, Proper Use and Care
the use of a hand file.2
provides guidelines for the safe use of these tools.
(m) Each chisel shall be stamped, labeled, or other-
(a) Glaziers’ chisels and wood chisels are special-
wise marked by the manufacturer with the following
purpose tools designed and intended only for use as
safety message or equivalent:
listed in paras. 5.1(a) and (b).
(b) Ripping chisels and flooring/electricians’ chisels
are special-purpose tools designed and intended only
for use as listed in paras. 5.1(c) and (d). WARNING
(c) To avoid possible eye and other bodily injury, gla- WEAR SAFETY GOGGLES
ziers’ chisels and wood chisels shall not be used to cut USER AND BYSTANDER
metal or masonry objects.
(d) To avoid possible eye or other bodily injury, floor-
ing/electricians’ chisels shall not be used to cut metal This safety message shall be located in a position that
or masonry objects. will not interfere with the quality or performance of
(e) A hammer blow should always be struck squarely the tool.
with the hammer face parallel with the struck face of The principles set forth in ANSI Z535.4 shall be used as
the chisel. Glancing blows, overstrikes, and understrikes the guide for alternative, equivalent methods of labeling.
should be avoided.
(f) Glaziers’ and wood chisels shall not be used for
wedging, nor struck on any surface other than the struck 2
face. The appropriate type and size of hammer shall It is understood that industrial users with adequate facilities
and properly trained personnel may choose to redress or resharpen
have a striking face with a diameter not less than 0.375 in. these tools by other means without altering the metallurgical char-
larger than the struck face of the chisel. acteristics of the tools.
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
14
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.46)
ASME B107.46
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6 Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Figures
1 Nomenclature for Straight Flute Extractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2 Nomenclature for Multi-Spline Extractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3 Nomenclature for Spiral Flute Extractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4 Nomenclature for Tapered Flute Extractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table
1 Impact Test Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
15
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.46)
STUD, SCREW, AND PIPE EXTRACTORS:

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
1 SCOPE ANSI Z535.4, Product Safety Signs and Labels

This Standard provides performance and safety Publisher: American National Standards Institute
requirements for handheld screw and pipe extractors (ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036
that are intended specifically for removing broken ASTM E 18, Standard Test Methods for Rockwell
screws, pipes, bolts, studs, and fittings from threaded Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of
openings. Metallic Materials
It is intended to cover only those designs that require Publisher: ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor
striking of the extractor to seat it properly in the broken Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
pipe or fastener being removed. This Standard, there- 19428-2959
fore, does not cover designs that do not require striking,
such as the ground thread extractor. Guide to Hand Tools — Selection, Safety Tips, Proper
The Standard is intended to serve as a guide in select- Use and Care
ing, testing, and using the hand tools covered. It is not Publisher: Hand Tools Institute (HTI), 25 North Broad-
the purpose of this Standard to specify the details of way, Tarrytown, NY 10591
manufacturing. The Standard is also meant to serve as
a guide in developing manuals and posters for training 4 DEFINITIONS
personnel in safe practices.
This Standard may be used as a guide by state authori- body: the portion of the extractor exclusive of the taper
ties or other regulatory bodies in the formulation of laws and/or flutes.
or regulations. chamfer: the angled flat surface or equivalent radius
between the struck face and the body of the extractor
encircling the perimeter of the struck face.
2 CLASSIFICATION
cutting edge: the edge formed by the flute.
Various typical styles of extractors and their usages
equivalent: the word equivalent in this Standard shall be
are listed here and shown in Figs. 1 through 4. The
interpreted to mean alternative designs or features that
names given in this Standard are those generally recog-
will provide an equal degree of safety.
nized. The styles covered by the Standard are not limited
to those listed or illustrated. flute: the straight or spiral groove that forms the cutting
(a) Type I: multi-spline extractor edge of the extractor.
(b) Type II: spiral flute extractor hardness: the condition of the extractor resulting from
(c) Type III: straight flute extractor heat treatment.
(d) Type IV: tapered flute extractor rounded head: an equivalent design for the struck face
and chamfer portion of the extractor.
3 REFERENCES safety message: the information imprinted on or affixed
to the extractor that is intended to promote safety.
The following documents are referenced in this Stan-
dard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated shall: characterizes mandatory requirements of this
for dated references were valid. All standards are subject Standard.
to revision, and parties to agreements based on this should: indicates if a provision is of an advisory nature,
American National Standard are encouraged to investi- or is stated as a recommendation.
gate the possibility of applying the most recent edition struck face: the portion of the extractor, directly opposite
of the documents indicated below. If a date is not speci- the fluted or tapered end.
fied, the latest edition shall be used.
taper: the portion of the extractor, when provided, oppo-
ANSI Z87.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational site the struck face with a gradually reducing cross-
Eye and Face Protection sectional area.
16 --`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.46)
Fig. 1 Nomenclature for Straight Flute Extractor Fig. 4 Nomenclature for Tapered Flute Extractor
Struck face
Chamfer Struck face
Lesser
chamfer
Body width
Flute
Cutting edge
Fig. 2 Nomenclature for Multi-Spline Flute Extractor

Struck face
Chamfer
5 REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Design
Body
Extractors shall have a straight or tapered fluted por-
tion at one end for engaging and removing broken fas-
teners and pipes of materials that are softer than the
Taper
extractor. The opposite end shall have a struck face to be
Flute struck by a hammer. Hole sizes to be used with extractors
shall be supplied by the manufacturers.
(a) The struck face of extractors shall have a convex
or flat surface.
(b) The struck face shall have a chamfer of approxi-
mately 45 deg or equivalent radius all around the perim-
eter, and the lesser width (see Fig. 4) shall be
Fig. 3 Nomenclature for Spiral Flute Extractor approximately one-tenth the body stock size. For exam-
ple, if the body stock size equals 1 in., then the lesser
Struck face chamfer width will equal approximately 0.10 in.
Chamfer Rounded
head (c) The body portion of the extractor shall have a
square, hexagonal, or other shape suitable for turning
the extractor with a wrench over all or part of its length.
(d) The flutes shall be on the straight or tapered por-
tion of the extractor and of any shape that presents sharp
Body edges suitable for cutting into the hole in the pipe or
fitting, or a hole drilled into the fastener when the extrac-
tor is struck with an appropriate hammer. Spiral flutes,
when present, shall be of a left-hand thread orientation
(for right-hand fastener threads), so that when the
extractor is engaged with the pipe, fitting, or fastener
Taper and turned counterclockwise with a wrench, the extrac-
Cutting edge tor tends to further engage while the part to be extracted
is removed.
(e) Extractors shall be free of nonfunctional sharp
17
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,`

ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.46)
Extractors shall be free of manufacturing defects such as Table 1 Impact Test Parameters
seams, laps, pipes, and cold shuts that would jeopardize Extractor —
sound construction, and shall withstand the tests speci- Corresponding Drill Size, Drop Weight, Drop Height of Weight,
fied in section 6. in. [Note (1)] lb in.
1
5.2 Materials ⁄16 1.0 1.0
3
⁄32 1.0 2.0
The materials used in the manufacture of extractors 1
⁄8 1.0 5.0
shall be such as to produce tools conforming to this 5
⁄32 1.0 10.0
Standard. 3
⁄16 2.5 10.0
5.3 Mechanical Properties 7

⁄32 2.5 20.0
1
⁄4 2.5 30.0
Hardness of the cutting edges shall be 45 HRC to 5
⁄16 5.0 25.0
60 HRC or equivalent. Hardness of the struck face of 3
⁄8 5.0 35.0
the extractor shall not exceed 43 HRC or equivalent. 7
⁄16 10.0 22.5
1
⁄2 10.0 27.5
6 TESTS 5
⁄8 20.0 19.0
3
⁄4 20.0 24.0
Many tests required herein are inherently hazardous;
adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall NOTE:
be employed in conducting such tests. (1) Sizes other than those listed shall be tested to the next
Separate (new) samples shall be used in each of these smaller drill size.
tests. Failure to pass any one of the tests indicates the
extractors are not in compliance with this Standard.
7 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS
6.1 Hardness Determination Test OF USE
Hardness determination with respect to cutting edges Instructors and employers shall stress proper use and
and struck faces shall be made on a fixtured tool or on safety in the use of extractors and shall emphasize the
a suitable mounted or unmounted specimen that has need to wear and ensure the use of safety goggles. The
been cut from the tool using the wet abrasive method publication Guide to Hand Tools — Selection, Safety Tips,
or equivalent. Any hardness test will be acceptable that Proper Use and Care provides guidelines for the safe use
utilizes equipment and methods equivalent to Rockwell of hand tools.
hardness determinations as specified in ASTM E 18. (a) Screw and pipe extractors are special purpose tools
designed and intended only for removing broken
6.2 Impact Test
screws, pipes, bolts, studs, and fittings from threaded
For this test, the extractor shall be mounted vertically openings. They are intended only for removing threaded
in a hole in a steel plate. The hole diameter shall be
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
metal pipes and fasteners that are of softer material than

equal to the drill size recommended by the extractor the extractor. An initial cautious blow may be used to
manufacturer, and the depth shall be sufficient to pre- ascertain the relative difference in hardness of the extrac-
vent bottoming out. The steel plate shall be at least 1 in. tor and object being removed. To avoid possible eye or
thick and shall be of medium carbon alloy steel heat other bodily injury, extractors shall not be used to extract
treated to 35 HRC to 40 HRC. A steel weight, having a objects as hard as or harder than the extractor cutting
striking face hardness of 45 HRC to 60 HRC and having edges.
weight as specified in Table 1, shall be dropped 20 times (b) A blow from an appropriate striking tool should
from the height indicated in Table 1 squarely onto the always be struck squarely, with the striking face parallel
extractor struck face. The diameter of the striking face with the struck face of the extractor. Glancing blows,
of the weight shall not be less than 0.375 in. larger than overstrikes, and understrikes should be avoided.
the struck face of the extractor. Typically, the weight An appropriate striking tool shall mean a ball peen,
is cylindrical and is dropped through a seamless tube hand drilling, or engineer’s hammer with a striking face
slightly larger than the diameter of the weight. approximately 0.375 in. larger in diameter than the
The extractor shall not chip, spall, crack, or bend when struck face of the extractor.
subjected to this test. Normal deformation of the struck (c) Extractors shall always be used with hole sizes as
face and cutting edges is permitted.1 specified in the manufacturer’s instructions.
1
(d) Extractors shall not be used as a punch, pry bar,
This test is so severe that a degree of permissible deformation or wedge.
of the cutting edge and the struck face can be anticipated. A much
less severe test would avoid this, but it would not provide the (e) When using a wrench to turn an extractor, the user
level of safety assurance desired. should always pull on the handle and adopt a stance
18
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.46)
that will prevent a fall in the event of a sudden tool or (i) At the first indication of mushrooming, the extrac-
fastener failure. tor struck face shall be redressed to its original contour
(f) Safety goggles or equivalent eye protection con- by the use of a hand file.2
forming to ANSI Z87.1 shall be worn by the user and (j) Each extractor shall be stamped, labeled, or other-
by all persons in the immediate area in which any extrac- wise marked, size permitting, by the manufacturer with
tor is being used to avoid possible eye injury from flying the following safety message or the equivalent:
objects.
(g) Extractors shall be inspected prior to each use,
and their use shall be discontinued at the first sign of WARNING
bending of the extractor or of chipping or cracking of
WEAR SAFETY GOGGLES
the cutting edges or the struck face.
USER AND BYSTANDER
(h) Except as indicated in para. 7(i), no area, section,
or portion of the extractor shall be ground, welded,
nal condition as furnished by the manufacturer.2 This safety message shall be located in a position that
2
will not interfere with the quality or performance of
It is understood that industrial users with adequate facilities the tool.
these tools by other means without altering the metallurgical char- The principles set forth in ANSI Z535.4 shall be used as
acteristics of the tools. the guide for alternate, equivalent methods of labeling.
19 --`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.48)
ASME B107.48
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2 Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6 Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Figures
1 Nomenclature for Type II Punches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2 Nomenclature for Type I Chisels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3 Nomenclature for Type II Handle-Held Punches and Type III Drift Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4 Nomenclature for Type I Handle-Held Chisels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5 Bending Moment Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6 Static Force Test for Handle-Held Punches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
7 Static Force Test for Handle-Held Chisels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Tables
1 Impact Test Parameters — Type I Chisels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2 Impact Test Parameters — Type II Punches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3 Impact Test Parameters — Type III Drift Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
20
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ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.48)
METAL CHISELS, PUNCHES, AND DRIFT PINS
1 SCOPE (5) Class 5 Pin. Punch used for driving and remov-
ing such things as pins and keys after initial movement
This Standard provides performance and safety
by a starting punch.
requirements for handheld and handled metal chisels,
punches, and drift pins. Chisels are intended specifically (6) Class 6 Prick. Punch used for marking by inden-
for use in cutting and shaping metal objects. Punches tation, as in layout work, and piercing holes in light-
and drift pins are intended specifically for use in mark- gage metal and other materials.
ing metal, driving and removing such things as pins (7) Class 7 Round. Handle-held punch for drifting
and rivets, and aligning holes in different sections of holes, aligning, and drifting and driving such things as
material. Power-driven chisels, punches, and drift pins pins (a.k.a. Blacksmith’s Round).
are excluded from this Standard. This Standard is (8) Class 8 Starting. Punch used for loosening such
intended to serve as a guide in selecting, testing, and things as frozen pins and keys.
using the hand tools covered. It is not the purpose of (c) Type III Drift Pin. Pin used for aligning and sizing
this Standard to specify the details of manufacturing. holes in metal and other materials.
Inclusion of dimensional data in this Standard does not
mean that all products described herein are stock pro- 3 REFERENCES
duction sizes. Consumers should consult with manufac-
turers concerning lists of stock production sizes. The following is a list of publications referenced in
This Standard may be used as a guide by state authori- this Standard. Unless a specific edition is referenced, the
ties or other regulatory bodies in the formulation of laws latest available edition should be used.
or regulations. It is also intended for voluntary use by ANSI Z87.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational
establishments that manufacture the tools covered. Eye and Face Protection
This Standard is also meant to serve as a guide in ANSI Z535.4, Product Safety Signs and Labels
developing manuals and posters for training personnel Publisher: American National Standards Institute
to work safely. (ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036
ASTM E 18, Standard Test Methods for Rockwell
2 CLASSIFICATIONS
(a) Type I Chisels Metallic Materials
(1) Class 1 Cape. For cutting grooves and keyways. Publisher: ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor
(2) Class 2 Cold. For general-purpose cutting and Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
shaping. 19428-2959
(3) Class 3 Concave Splitting. For splitting bushings, Guide to Hand Tools — Selection, Safety Tips, Proper
mufflers, and tailpipes. Use and Care
(4) Class 4 Diamond Point. For cutting V-grooves, Publisher: Hand Tools Institute (HTI), 25 North Broad-
inside corners, and square holes. way, Tarrytown, NY 10591
(5) Class 5 Half-Round. For cutting grooves.
(6) Class 6 Blacksmith’s Cold. Handle-held cold
chisel for general-purpose cutting and shaping. 4 DEFINITIONS
(b) Type II Punches See Figs. 1 through 4 as applicable.
(1) Class 1 Backing-Out. Handle-held punch for
bevel: conical portion of the punch adjacent to the point
backing out and driving such things as rivets and pins
end extending to the taper or the angular portion of the
(a.k.a. Blacksmith’s Backing-out).
chisel adjacent to the cutting edge extending to the taper.
(2) Class 2 Bearing Race. Punch used for removing
races from bearings. body: straight portion of the punch or chisel between
the chamfer and taper or the tapers of the drift pin.
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(3) Class 3 Center. Punch used for marking by

indentation to start drills in metal and other materials. chamfer: angled flat surface or equivalent radius between
(4) Class 4 Drift or Lining-Up. Punch used for the struck face and body of the punch or chisel encircling
aligning and sizing holes in metal and other materials. the perimeter of the struck face.
21
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.48)
Fig. 1 Nomenclature for Type II Punches
Chamfer Struck Equivalent Struck

face radius face
Body
Lesser Struck
Upset head
chamfer face
width
Body
Rounded head
Equivalent Head Design

Taper
Bevel
Point
end
Pin Pin
One piece Two pieces

Type II Type II Type II Type II Type II
Class 4 Class 5 Class 8 Class 3 Class 2
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22
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.48)
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Fig. 2 Nomenclature for Type I Chisels
Struck face
Chamfer
Struck face Equivalent radius
Body
Body
Lesser Upset head

chamfer Struck face
width
Body
Taper
Bevel Rounded head
Equivalent Head Design
Cutting edge Type I Class 2
Optional
straight
design
Type I Class 1 Type I Class 4 Type I Class 5 Type I Class 3
23
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.48)
Fig. 3 Nomenclature for Type II Handle-Held Punches and Type III Drift Pins
Struck face Chamfer
Eye Handle
Taper
Point end
Type II Class 7
Type II Class 1
Taper Body Taper
Struck face Struck face
Type III
Fig. 4 Nomenclature for Type I Handle-Held Chisels
Handle
Eye
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Taper
Bevel
Type I Class 6
24
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.48)
cutting edge: the edge formed by the bevel directly oppo- 5.1.1 Type I Chisels. Chisels shall have a cutting
site the struck face. edge at one end for cutting, shaping, and removing
equivalent: in this Standard, the word equivalent shall metal softer than the cutting edge itself, such as cast
mean alternative designs or features that will provide iron, wrought iron, steel, bronze, copper, and the like,
an equal degree of safety. and shall have a struck face on the opposite end to be
struck by a hammer of the appropriate type and size.
eye: an opening or aperture located in the body of the
The appropriate hammer shall have a striking face
punch or chisel into which a handle is inserted.
approximately 0.375 in. larger in diameter than the
handheld chisel: a chisel designed to be held by its body. struck face of the chisel. Various typical styles of chisels
handheld punch: a punch designed to be held by its body. are shown in Figs. 2 and 4.
handle: portion protruding from the punch or chisel body (a) The struck face of all chisels shall have a convex
by which the tool is held. or flat surface.
hardness: condition of the tool resulting from heat (b) The struck face of all chisels shall have a chamfer
treatment. of approximately 45 deg or equivalent radius all around
the perimeter, with the lesser width (see Fig. 2) equal
pin: straight cylindrical section of the punch between
to approximately one-tenth the body stock size. For
the point and taper or body.
example, if the body stock size equals 1 in., then the
point end: formed end directly opposite the struck face lesser chamfer width will equal approximately 0.1 in.
of the punch. (c) Handles may be of any design and shall be inserted
point size: diameter of the point end or the diameter at securely into the chisel and permit the chisel to be held
the bevel/taper intersection. over the work. Handles shall withstand the test specified
rounded head: an equivalent design for the struck face in para. 6.4.
and chamfer portion of the punch or chisel. (d) All chisels and handles shall be free of nonfunc-
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
safety message: information imprinted on or affixed to tional sharp edges, points, and surface roughness that
the tool that is intended to promote safety. could adversely affect performance or safety.
shall: characterizes mandatory requirements of this 5.1.2 Type II Punches. Punches shall have a point
Standard. end for marking metal, driving and removing such
should: indicates if a provision is of an advisory nature, things as pins and rivets, and aligning holes in different
or is stated as a recommendation. sections of material and a struck face on the opposite
struck face: portion of the punch or chisel exclusive of end to be struck by a hammer of the appropriate type
the chamfer and body, directly opposite the point end; and size. The appropriate hammer shall have a striking
the extreme end portions of the drift pin exclusive of face approximately 0.375 in. larger in diameter than the
the body and tapers. struck face of the punch. Various typical styles of
punches are shown in Figs. 1 and 3.
taper: portion of the punch or chisel between the body
(a) The struck face of all Type II punches shall have
and bevel or point end with a gradually reducing cross-
a convex or flat surface.
sectional area; the portion of the drift pin between the
body and struck face with a gradually reducing cross- (b) The struck face of all Type II punches shall have
sectional area. a chamfer of approximately 45 deg or equivalent radius
all around the perimeter, with the lesser width (see
upset head: portion of the punch or chisel body having Fig. 1) equal to approximately one-tenth the body stock
an enlarged cross-sectional area at the struck end of the
size. For example, if the body stock size equals 1 in.,
tool, including and underlying the struck face.
then the lesser chamfer width will equal approximately
0.1 in.
5 REQUIREMENTS (c) Type II, Class 1 and Type II, Class 7 handles may
The illustrations shown herein are descriptive and be of any design and shall be inserted securely into the
nonrestrictive and not intended to preclude the manu- punch and permit the punch to be held over the work
facture of chisels, punches, or drift pins that otherwise without exposing the user to personal injury. Handles
comply with this Standard. shall withstand the test specified in para. 6.4.
5.1 Design 5.1.3 Type III Drift Pins. Type III drift pins shall
Metal chisels, punches, and drift pins shall pass appli- taper to a convex struck face at each end to be struck
cable tests in section 6. All metal chisels, punches, drift by a hammer of the appropriate size to align holes in
pins, and handles shall be free of nonfunctional sharp metal. The appropriate hammer shall have a striking
edges, points, and surface roughness that could inflict face not less than 0.375 in. larger in diameter than the
personal injury to the user when handling the tool. struck face of the pin.
25
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.48)
5.2 Materials these tests indicates that the chisels, punches, or drift
The materials used in the manufacture of punches, pins do not comply with this Standard.
chisels, and drift pins shall be such as to produce tools 6.1 Hardness
conforming to this Standard.
Hardness determination shall be made in accordance
5.3 Mechanical Properties with ASTM E 18.
(a) All Type II punches shall have a hardness of 6.2 Impact Test
48 HRC to 60 HRC or equivalent for a distance of not
Impact tests are conducted by mounting the subject
less than 0.25 in. from the point end.
tool vertically with the cutting edge, point end, or drift
(b) Hardness of the struck face of chisels, punches,
pin struck face resting against the test object. For chisels,
and drift pins shall not exceed 44 HRC or equivalent.
the test object shall be a steel bar as specified in Table 1.
(c) Chisels shall have a hardness of 53 HRC to 60 HRC
For punches and drift pins, the test object shall be a
or equivalent for a distance of not less than 0.25 in. from
steel plate of the hardness specified in Tables 2 and 3,
the cutting edge.
respectively. The test object shall rest on a steel block
5.4 Finish weighing not less than 200 lb. A test weight having a
diameter not less than 0.375 in. larger than the struck
Surfaces shall have a rust preventive treatment and
face of the tool being tested shall be dropped from the
be essentially free from pits, nodules, burrs, cracks, and
height and for the number of hits specified in the appro-
other conditions that would adversely affect the per-
priate table (Table 1, 2, or 3) for the type of tool. The
formance or safety of the chisel, punch, or drift pin.
test weight shall have a striking face hardness of 45 HRC
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5.5 Marking to 60 HRC or equivalent and shall be dropped squarely

onto the subject tool’s struck face. The test object shall
All chisels, punches, and drift pins shall be marked in
be moved after each drop of the weight. There shall be
a plain and permanent manner with the manufacturer’s
no chipping or spalling of the cutting edge, point end,
name or a trademark of such known character that the
or struck face and no cracking of the chisel, punch, or
source of manufacture shall be readily determined. All
drift pin as a result of the test. Normal deformation at
types shall also be marked with nominal size. Marking
either end is permitted.1
shall be as permanent as the normal life expectancy of
the tool to which it is applied (providing the marked 6.3 Bending Moment Test for Drift or Lining-Up
surface has not been subjected to a fretting or abrading Punches
action) and be capable of withstanding the cleaning pro-
With the punch supported not more than 0.25 in. from
cedures normally experienced during its intended use.
the point end, pivoted on a cylindrical fulcrum that is
Each punch and chisel shall be stamped, labeled, or
located one-third of the taper length from the point end,
otherwise marked, size permitting, with the safety mes-
a bending moment is applied by a static force at the
sage given below. Handled chisels and punches shall be
midpoint of the body with the force acting substantially
stamped on the body, and the same safety message or
at right angles to the axis of the body. The diameter of
equivalent shall appear on all replacement handles.
the fulcrum shall be approximately twice that of the
punch cross-section at the point of contact and oriented
at right angles to the axis of the punch. The punch must
WARNING show at least 20 deg permanent deformation without
WEAR SAFETY GOGGLES fracture (see Fig. 5).
USER AND BYSTANDER
6.4 Handle Static Force Test
Handles of assembled chisels and punches shall not
This safety message shall be located in a position that break, loosen, or otherwise fail when subjected to a force
will not interfere with the quality or performance of the of 150 lbf while
tool. The principles given in ANSI Z535.4 shall be used as (a) the chisel or punch body is locked securely in
a guide for alternative, equivalent methods of labeling. the test fixture with the struck face up and the handle
extended in the horizontal plane
(b) the static force is applied vertically at a point on
6 TESTS the handle measuring 10 in. from the top of the tool (see
Many tests required herein are inherently hazardous, Figs. 6 and 7)
and adequate safeguards for personnel and property 1
shall be employed in conducting such tests. The striking test is so severe that a degree of permissible defor-
mation, such as denting of the struck face and bending of pin or
Separate (new) samples shall be used for each of these taper, can be anticipated. A much less severe test would avoid
tests. Failure to meet the requirements of any one of this, but it would not provide the level of safety assurance desired.
26
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.48)
Table 1 Impact Test Parameters — Type I Chisels

Drop
Height
Drop of Number
Chisel Cutting Weight, Weight, of Test Bar
Class Edge Width, in. lb in. Hits Shape and Material Hardness
1, 2, and 3 < 0.375 10 6 20 0.25 in. diameter rod, AISI 01 33–35 HRC
0.375 to < 0.56 10 20 20 0.25 in. diameter rod, AISI 01 33–35 HRC
≥ 0.56 10 30 20 0.25 in. diameter rod, AISI 01 33–35 HRC
4 and 5 All sizes 5 10 10 Rectangular, 0.75 in. minimum 80–85 HRB

thickness and at least
0.25 in. wider than chisel
cutting edge, SAE-AISI
1018–1030
6 All sizes 10 40 10 Rectangular, 0.75 in. minimum 25–30 HRC

thickness and at least 0.25
in. wider than chisel cutting
edge, SAE-AISI 1018–1030
GENERAL NOTE: For further information about AISI designations, contact Iron and Steel Society, 410 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA
15086.
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27
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.48)
Table 2 Impact Test Parameters — Type II Punches

Nominal Drop Test Plate
Point Size, Drop Height of Number Hardness,
Punch Class in. [Note (1)] Weight, lb Weight, in. of Hits HRC
1 and 7 (Backing-out) 3
⁄8 to <5⁄8 20 25 20 45–50
≥5⁄8 20 30 20 45–50
2 (Bearing race) 7
⁄16 ⴛ 15⁄64 20 15 20 45–50
1
⁄2 ⴛ 17⁄64 20 20 20 45–50
9
⁄16 ⴛ 19⁄64 20 25 20 45–50
5
⁄8 ⴛ 9⁄16 20 30 20 45–50
3 (Center) <3⁄16 5 10 20 25–30
≥3⁄16 5 15 20 25–30
3
4 (Drift or lining-up) ⁄32 5 5 20 45–50
1
⁄8 5 10 20 45–50
3
⁄16 5 20 20 45–50
1
⁄4 5 20 20 45–50
5
⁄16 10 20 20 45–50
3
⁄8 10 20 20 45–50
1
5 (Pin) ⁄16 1 5 20 45–50
3
⁄32 1 7 20 45–50
1
⁄8 2.5 10 20 45–50
5
⁄32 5 10 20 45–50
3
⁄16 5 20 20 45–50
7
⁄32 5 30 20 45–50
1
⁄4 10 25 20 45–50
5
⁄16 10 30 20 45–50
3
⁄8 10 30 20 45–50
6 (Prick) All sizes 5 5 20 25–30

1
8 (Starting) ⁄16 1 20 20 45–50
3
⁄32 2.5 10 20 45–50
1
⁄8 5 10 20 45–50
3
⁄16 10 15 20 45–50
7
⁄32 10 20 20 45–50
1
⁄4 10 35 20 45–50
NOTE:
(1) Sizes other than those listed are tested to the next smaller point size.
Table 3 Impact Test Parameters — Type III

Drift Pins
Drop Drop Test Plate
Body Weight, Height of Number Hardness,
Size, in. lb Weight, in. of Hits HRC
9
⁄16 5 25 20 25–30
11
⁄16 10 20 20 25–30
13
⁄16 10 25 20 45–50
15
⁄16 20 25 20 45–50
11⁄16 20 30 20 45–50
28
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ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.48)
Fig. 5 Bending Moment Test

1/ in. max. Body length
4
2
Shank dia. at
contact point
Line of action of load
2⫻ shank dia.
at contact point
Taper length
3
Taper length Body length
Fig. 6 Static Force Test for Handle-Held Punches
10 in.
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Static
force
29
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.48)
Fig. 7 Static Force Test for Handle-Held Chisels
10 in.
Static
force
7 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS OF than the chisel cutting edge, such as stone or concrete.
USE (f) Chisels shall not be used for prying or wedging.
(g) Drift or lining-up punches and drift pins are spe-
Instructors and employers shall stress proper use and
cial-purpose tools intended for aligning holes and shall
safety in the use of striking tools and emphasize the
not be used for driving metal or other hard objects.
necessity to wear and ensure the use of safety goggles
or equivalent eye protection. (h) A hammer should always be used with the striking
The publication Guide to Hand Tools — Selection, Safety face parallel with the struck face of the chisel, punch, or
Tips, Proper Use and Care provides guidelines for the safe drift pin. Glancing blows, overstrikes, and understrikes
use of these tools. should be avoided. No surface of a chisel, punch, or
drift pin shall be struck other than the struck face. The
(a) Metal punches are special-purpose tools designed
striking tool of the appropriate size shall have a diameter
and intended only for the uses listed in para. 5.1.2. They
not less than 0.375 in. larger than the struck face of the
are intended only for marking metal, driving such things
punch or drift pin.
as pins and rivets, or aligning holes in different sections
of material. (i) Safety goggles, or equivalent eye protection con-
forming to ANSI Z87.1, shall be worn by the user and
(b) Metal drift pins are special-purpose tools designed
all persons in the immediate area in which any chisel,
and intended only for the uses listed in para. 5.1.3. They
punch, or drift pin is being used to avoid possible eye
are intended only for aligning holes in different sections
injury from flying objects.
of material.
(j) Chisels, punches, and drift pins shall be inspected
(c) When using a pin, round, starting, or backing-
prior to each use and their use discontinued at the first
out punch, the point end diameter of the punch shall
sign of bending, chipping, or cracking of the point end
approximate the size of the pin or rivet being driven.
or the struck face.
(d) Prick, center, pin, backing-out, and round punches
shall not be used for prying or wedging. Pin, prick, and (k) Except as indicated in paras. 7(l) and 7(m), no
center punches shall not be used as starting punches. area, section, or portion of a punch, chisel, or drift pin
Prick and center punches shall not be used for driv- shall be ground, welded, treated by reheating, or other-
ing pins. wise altered from the original condition as furnished by
the manufacturer.
(e) Metal chisels are special-purpose tools designed
and intended for the cutting, shaping, and removing of (l) As dulling of the cutting edge or point end occurs
metal softer than the cutting edge of the chisel itself. from tool usage, it shall be redressed to its original con-
Such softer materials include cast iron, wrought iron, tour only by the use of a whetstone or hand file.2
steel, bronze, copper, and the like. An initial cautious
blow may be used to ascertain the relative hardness of 2
the stuck object with subsequent examination of the It is understood that industrial users with adequate facilities
cutting edge. To avoid possible eye or other bodily injury, these tools by other means without altering the metallurgical char-
chisels shall not be used to cut objects as hard or harder acteristics of the tools.
30
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ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.48)
(m) Any mushrooming of the tool-struck face shall specified in para. 6.4 and be equivalent to the original
be promptly redressed to the original contour by use of handle in size and quality.
a whetstone or hand file.2 (o) Chisels and punches with handles shall not be
(n) Handles shall be inspected prior to each use, and swung against the work but rather held by the handle
those damaged shall be replaced. The handles of tools with the tool on the work and struck with a hammer of
shall be free of splinters or cracks and kept tight in the the appropriate size [see para. 7(h)].
tool. Replacements shall withstand the test requirements
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31
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.49)
ASME B107.49
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6 Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Figures
1 Type I Nail Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2 Type II (Self-Centering) Nail Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
32
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.49)
NAIL SETS
1 SCOPE 4 DEFINITIONS
This Standard provides performance and safety body: the portion of the nail set between the head and
requirements for nail sets that are intended primarily taper, used for holding during nail setting operation.
for setting unhardened finishing nails below the surface chamfer: the angled flat surface, or equivalent radius,
of the material being nailed. encircling the perimeter of the struck face and of the
This Standard may be used as a guide in selecting, point end encircling the cup.
testing, and using the hand tools covered. It is also meant
cup: the conical, concave relief at the center of the point
to serve as a guide in developing manuals and posters
end of the nail set (not normally provided on self-center-
for training personnel in safe practices.
ing nail sets).
This Standard may be used as a guide by state authori-
ties or other regulatory bodies in the formulation of laws cup edge: the edge formed by the intersection of the cup
or regulations. It is also intended for voluntary use by and the chamfer surfaces (not normally provided on
establishments that use or manufacture the tools cov- self-centering nail sets).
ered. It is not the purpose of this Standard to specify equivalent: indicates alternative designs or features that
the details of manufacturing. will provide an equal degree of safety.
The methods employed to ensure compliance with
head: the portion of the nail set between the struck face
this Standard shall be determined by the proper regula-
and the body.
punch: the movable, struck member of a self-centering
nail set.
2 CLASSIFICATION
safety message: the information imprinted on or affixed
(a) Type I: one-piece nail set (see Fig. 1) to the nail set that is intended to promote safety.
(b) Type II: self-centering (center punch) nail set (see shall: indicates mandatory requirements of this
Fig. 2) Standard.
should: indicates if a provision is of an advisory nature
3 REFERENCES or is stated as a recommendation.
struck face: the end directly opposite the point end exclu-
The following is a list of publications referenced in sive of the chamfer.
this Standard.
taper: the portion of the nail set between the body and
ANSI Z87.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational the point end chamfer and having a gradually reducing
Eye and Face Protection cross-sectional area.
ANSI Z535.4, Product Safety Signs and Labels
Publisher: American National Standards Institute
5 REQUIREMENTS
(ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036
Nail sets shall withstand the tests specified in sec-
ASTM E 18, Standard Test Methods for Rockwell tion 6.
Metallic Materials 5.1 Design
Publisher: ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor 5.1.1 Type I. Nail sets shall have a chamfer and cup
Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA surface on the point end for setting unhardened nails
19428-2959 below the surface of the material being nailed and a
Guide to Hand Tools — Selection, Safety Tips, Proper struck face on the opposite end.
Use and Care 5.1.2 Type II. Self-centering nail sets shall have a
Publisher: Hand Tools Institute (HTI), 25 North Broad- body with an internal movable punch. A cup point may
way, Tarrytown, NY 10591 be provided on the punch point end. A return method
33
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.49)
Fig. 1 Type I Nail Set

Taper Body Head
Point Lesser
end chamfer
Chamfer
Struck
face
Chamfer
Cup
Optional Head Design
Cup edge
Fig. 2 Type II (Self-Centering) Nail Set

Body
Punch
Return spring
shall be provided to hold the punch in the retracted 5.3 Hardness

position. Hardness of the point end shall be 48 HRC to 60 HRC
5.1.3 Struck Face. The struck face shall have a flat or equivalent for at least 0.125 in. from the point end.
or convex shape and a chamfer of approximately 45 deg Hardness of the struck face of the nail set shall not
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
or equivalent radius all around the perimeter. The lesser exceed 44 HRC or equivalent.
chamfer width (see Fig. 1) shall be equal to approxi-
mately one-tenth of the diameter of the struck face. For
6 TESTS
example, if the struck face diameter is 0.25 in., then the
lesser chamfer width will equal approximately 0.025 in. Tests required herein are inherently hazardous; ade-
quate safeguards for personnel and property shall be
5.2 Materials employed in conducting such tests. Separate (new) sam-
Materials used in the manufacture of nail sets shall ples shall be used for each of these tests. Failure to meet
be such as to produce nail sets that meet the requirements the requirements of either of these tests indicates that
herein. Nail sets shall be free of manufacturing and mate- the nail sets are not in compliance with this Standard.
rial defects, such as seams that would jeopardize sound
construction, and free of nonfunctional sharp edges or 6.1 Hardness Determination Test
surface roughness that could inflict personal injury Hardness determination shall be made per
when handling the tool. ASTM E 18.
34
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.49)
6.2 Impact Test (c) A striking tool always should be used with the
The nail set shall be mounted vertically with the point striking face parallel to the struck face of the nail set.
end resting on a steel plate that is on a rigidly supported Glancing blows, overstrikes, and understrikes should
steel block weighing not less than 200 lb. A weight of be avoided. No surface of the nail set other than the
1.0 lb having a striking face hardness of 45 HRC to struck face shall be struck. The striking tool of the appro-
60 HRC or equivalent shall be dropped, unrestricted priate size shall have a diameter not less than 0.375 in.
20 times in such a manner that each drop applies the larger than the struck face of the nail set.
full force of the weight squarely to the struck face. Typi- (d) Nail sets shall not be used for prying, wedging,
cally, the weight is cylindrical and is dropped through or aligning holes.
a seamless tube or pipe slightly larger in diameter than (e) Safety goggles or equivalent eye protection con-
forming to ANSI Z87.1 shall be worn by the user and
the weight. For nail sets with a point diameter up to
all persons in the immediate area in which any nail set
0.063 in., the weight shall be dropped from a height of
is being used to avoid possible eye injury from flying
10.0 in. For point diameters greater than 0.063 in., the
objects.
weight shall be dropped from a height of 18.0 in. The
(f) Nail sets shall be inspected before each use, and
test plate shall have a minimum thickness of 0.25 in.
their use shall be discontinued at the first sign of bending
with a uniform hardness of 25 HRC to 30 HRC or equiva-
of the nail set or chipping, mushrooming, or cracking
lent and shall be moved after each drop of the weight
of the point end or struck face.
to make a new impression. The point end or struck face
(g) No part of the nail set shall be ground, welded,
shall neither chip nor spall, and the nail set shall neither
crack nor bend as a result of the test. Normal deforma-
nal condition as furnished by the manufacturer.
tion at either end is permitted.1
(h) The body of a self-centering nail set is placed over
the protruding unhardened nail, and the punch is struck
7 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS with the appropriate hammer to set the nail below the
OF USE surface of the material being nailed. The appropriate
hammer shall have a striking face of approximately
Instructors and employers shall stress proper use and 0.375 in. larger in diameter than the struck face of the
safety in the use of nail sets and shall emphasize the nail set.
necessity to wear and ensure the use of safety goggles. (i) Each punch, size permitting, shall be stamped,
The publication Guide to Hand Tools — Selection, Safety labeled, or otherwise marked by the manufacturer with
Tips, Proper Use and Care provides guidelines for the safe the following safety message or equivalent:
use of these tools.
(a) Nail sets are special-purpose tools designed and
intended only for the specific use of setting unhardened
WARNING
nails below the surface of the material being nailed.
WEAR SAFETY GOGGLES
(b) To avoid possible eye or other bodily injury, nail
sets shall not be used to strike hard or hardened objects,
USER AND BYSTANDER
such as rocks, bricks, concrete, masonry nails, and other
hardened nails or steel tools.
Pictorials are an acceptable equivalent. This safety
1
message shall be located in a position that will not inter-
The striking test is so severe that a degree of permissible defor-
fere with the quality or performance of the tool. The
mation, such as denting of the struck face, can be anticipated. A
much less severe test would not cause this, but it would not provide principles set forth in ANSI Z535.4 shall be used as the
the level of safety assurance desired. guide for alternate, equivalent methods of labeling.
35
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.50)
ASME B107.50
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
6 Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Figures
1 Nomenclature for Brick Chisel and Brick Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2 Configuration of Brick Chisel and Brick Set Bevels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3 Nomenclature for Star Drill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
36
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.50)
BRICK CHISELS, BRICK SETS, AND STAR DRILLS
1 SCOPE safety message: the information imprinted on or affixed

This Standard provides performance and safety to the brick chisel, brick set, or star drill that is intended
requirements for brick chisels, brick sets, and handheld to promote safety.
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
star drills. Brick chisels and brick sets are intended spe- shall: this word is understood to be mandatory.
cifically for use in scoring and cutting brick and masonry should: this word is understood to be advisory.
block. Star drills are intended for use in drilling holes
struck face: the portion of the brick chisel, brick set, or
in brick, tile, concrete, or stone. Inclusion of dimensional
star drill exclusive of the chamfer and body, at the end
data in this Standard does not mean that all products
opposite the cutting edge.
described herein are stock production sizes. Consumers
should consult with manufacturers concerning lists of taper: the portion of the brick chisel or brick set between
stock production sizes. the body and the bevel with a gradually reducing cross-
This Standard may be used as a guide by state authori- sectional area, or the portion of the star drill between
ties or other regulatory bodies in the formulation of laws the flute and the flute side extending from the body to
or regulations. It is also intended for voluntary use by the bevels with gradually reducing cross-sectional area.
establishments that manufacture the tools covered. This upset head: the portion of the body having an enlarged
Standard is also meant to serve as a guide in developing cross-sectional area at the struck end of the tool includ-
manuals and posters for training personnel to work ing and underlying the struck face.
safely.
3 REFERENCES
2 DEFINITIONS
The following documents are referenced in this Stan-
See Figs. 1, 2, and 3. dard. The latest available edition shall be used.
bevel: the angular portion of the brick chisel, brick set, ANSI Z87.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational
or star drill adjacent to the cutting edge and extending Eye and Face Protection
to the taper.
ANSI Z535.4, Product Safety Signs and Labels
body: the straight portion of the chisel or set between Publisher: American National Standards Institute
the chamfer and the taper, or the straight portion of the (ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036
star drill between the chamfer on one end and the taper,
flute, and the flute side on the other end. ASTM A 29/A 29M, Standard Specification for Steel
Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-
chamfer: the angled flat surface or equivalent radius
Finished, General Requirements for
between the struck face and the body of the brick chisel,
ASTM A 322, Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy,
brick set, or star drill encircling the perimeter of the
Standard Grades
struck face.
ASTM A 331, Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy,
cutting edge: the edge formed by the bevel or bevels at
Cold-Finished
the end opposite the struck face.
ASTM A 576, Standard Specification for Steel Bars,
equivalent: this word is understood to mean alternative Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality
designs or features that will provide an equal degree of ASTM A 681, Standard Specification for Tool Steels
safety and performance. Alloy
flute: the rounded groove of the star drill between any ASTM E 18, Standard Test Methods for Rockwell
two adjacent tapers extending to the body and bevels. Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of
flute side: the portion of the star drill adjacent to the Metallic Materials
taper and extending from the body to the bevels. Publisher: ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor
handheld star drill: a star drill intended to be held by Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
its body. 19428-2959
may: this word is understood to be permissive. Guide to Hand Tools — Selection, Safety Tips, Proper
rounded head: an equivalent design for the struck face Use and Care
and chamfer portion of the brick chisel, brick set, or Publisher: Hand Tools Institute (HTI), 25 North Broad-
star drill. way, Tarrytown, NY 10591
37
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.50)
Fig. 1 Nomenclature for Brick Chisel and Brick Set
Fig. 2 Configuration of Brick Chisel and Brick Set Bevels
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- 38
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.50)
Fig. 3 Nomenclature for Star Drill

Struck face Struck face
Chamfer
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Body
Body
Upset Head
Lesser
chamfer
width
Struck face
Body
Flute Rounded Head

side Flute
side
Flute
Taper Cutting
Taper edges (4)
Alternative:
Straight Side
Bevel
Design Flute
side
Cutting
edges
Bevel
Flute
Taper
39
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.50)
4 CLASSIFICATION following standards: ASTM A 29/A 29M, ASTM A 322,

(a) Type I: brick chisel ASTM A 331, ASTM A 576, or ASTM A 681.
(b) Type II: brick set (b) Brick chisels, brick sets, and star drills shall be
(c) Type III: star drill free of manufacturing and material defects such as
seams, laps, pipes, and cold shuts that would jeopardize
5 REQUIREMENTS sound construction. They shall conform to the require-
The illustrations shown herein are descriptive and ments for mechanical properties specified in para. 5.4
not restrictive, and are not intended to preclude the and shall withstand the tests described in paras. 6.1 and
manufacture of brick chisels, brick sets, or star drills 6.2.1 through 6.2.3.
that are otherwise in accordance with this Standard.
5.3 Finish
5.1 Design
Surfaces shall have a rust preventive treatment and
(a) Brick chisels and brick sets shall have a cutting be essentially free from pits, nodules, burrs, cracks, and
edge on one end and a struck face on the opposite end other conditions that would adversely affect the per-
to be struck by a ball peen, hand drilling, or engineer’s formance or safety of the tool. When provided, coatings
hammer of the appropriate size. The hammer of the shall be adherent, smooth, continuous, and free from
appropriate size shall have a striking face not less than any conditions that would interfere with their protective
0.375 in. larger in diameter than the struck face of the value, safety, and function.
chisel or set.
(1) Brick chisels shall be designed for cutting brick 5.4 Mechanical Properties
and masonry block and shall have two bevels that create (a) Brick chisels and brick set bevels shall be hardened
the cutting edge (see Fig. 2). Brick chisels shall pass the and tempered to a hardness of 35 HRC to 55 HRC for
tests in paras. 6.1 and 6.2.1.
a distance of not less than 0.25 in. from the cutting edge.
(2) Brick sets shall be designed for scoring,
(b) Star drill bevels and tapers shall be hardened and
adjusting, and trimming brick and masonry block, and
tempered to a hardness of 53 HRC to 60 HRC for a
shall have a single bevel that creates the cutting edge
distance of not less than 0.62 in. from the cutting edges.
(see Fig. 2). Brick sets shall pass the tests in paras. 6.1
(c) The hardness of the struck face of brick chisels,
and 6.2.2.
brick sets, and star drills shall not exceed 45 HRC for a
(b) Star drills shall have four cutting edges at one end
distance of not less than 1 in. from the struck face.
for use in drilling holes in brick, tile, concrete, and stone
and a struck face on the opposite end to be struck by a 5.5 Marking
ball peen, hand drilling, or engineer’s hammer of the
appropriate type and size. The appropriate size hammer Brick chisels, brick sets, and star drills shall be marked
shall have a striking face not less than 0.375 in. larger in a plain and permanent manner with the manufactur-
than the diameter of the struck face of the star drill. Star er’s name or with a trademark of such known character
drills may be relieved from the cutting edges to permit that the manufacturer shall be readily determined.
ejection of dust and debris from the hole being drilled. Marking shall be as permanent as the normal life expec-
Star drills shall pass the tests in paras. 6.1 and 6.2.3. tancy of the tool to which it is applied (providing the
(c) The struck face of brick chisels, brick sets, and star marked surface has not been subjected to a fretting or
drills shall have a flat or convex shape. abrading action) and be capable of withstanding the
(d) The struck face shall have a chamfer of approxi- cleaning procedures normally experienced during its
mately 45 deg or equivalent radius all around the perim- intended use.
eter with a width equal to approximately one-tenth of
the diameter of the material behind the struck face. For 6 TESTS
example, if the body stock size equals 0.50 in., then
SAFETY WARNING: Many tests required herein are inherently
the chamfer width (see Fig. 1) will equal approximately hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property
0.05 in. shall be employed in conducting such tests.
(e) All brick chisels, brick sets, and star drills shall be
free of nonfunctional sharp edges, points, and surface 6.1 Hardness Tests
roughness that could inflict personal injury to the user Hardness determinations shall be made in accordance
while handling these tools. with ASTM E 18.
5.2 Materials
(a) Brick chisels, brick sets, and star drills shall be 6.2 Impact Test
made from special-quality, fine-grain, hot-rolled or cold- There shall be no chipping, spalling, cracking, dulling,
finished carbon or alloy steel bars, or from an equivalent or turning of the cutting edge; no mushrooming or chip-
material, having good wear-resisting and shock- ping of the head (struck face); and no bending of the
resisting qualities and conforming to any of the tool when tested according to the following procedure.
40
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.50)
Normal deformation at either end of the tool is (f) Brick chisels, brick sets, or star drills shall never
permitted.1 be struck by a bricklayer’s hammer.
6.2.1 Brick Chisels. The brick chisel shall be (g) Brick chisels, brick sets, and star drills shall not
mounted vertically with the cutting edge resting cross- be used for prying or wedging.
wise on the largest surface of a rectangular common (h) Safety goggles or equivalent eye protection con-
brick having a minimum thickness of 2.0 in. and a width forming to ANSI Z87.1 shall be worn by the user and
of at least 3.0 in. all persons in the immediate area where any brick chisel,
The brick shall rest on a solid foundation that supports brick set, or star drill is being used to avoid possible
the entire brick surface, such as a block weighing not eye injury from flying objects.
less than 10.0 lb. A steel weight of 5.0 lb and having a (i) Brick chisels, brick sets, and star drills shall be
striking face hardness of 45 HRC to 60 HRC or equivalent inspected prior to each use, and their use discontinued
shall be dropped 20 times from a height of 10.0 in. at the first sign of bending of the tool or chipping or
squarely onto the chisel struck face. The diameter of the cracking of the cutting edge or the struck face.
striking face of the weight shall not be less than 0.375 in. (j) Except as indicated in paras. 7(k) and 7(l), no area,
larger than the struck face of the chisel. Typically the section, or portion of the brick chisel, brick set, or star
weight is cylindrical and is dropped through a seamless drill shall be ground, welded, treated by reheating, or
tube slightly larger than the diameter of the weight. The otherwise altered from the original condition as fur-
test brick shall be moved after each drop of the weight nished by the manufacturer.
to make a new impression. (k) As dulling of the cutting edge occurs from tool
usage, the cutting edge shall be resharpened or
6.2.2 Brick Sets. The impact test for brick sets shall
redressed to its original contour only by the use of a
be the same as the test in para. 6.2.1, except that the
whetstone or file.2
weight shall be dropped 10 times.
(l) Any mushrooming of the struck face shall be
6.2.3 Star Drills. The star drill shall be mounted promptly redressed to its original contour by the use of
vertically with the cutting edges resting on solid con- a hand file.2
crete. The struck face of the star drill shall be struck (m) Instructors or employers, or both, shall stress
repeatedly by a hammer of the appropriate type and proper use and safety in the use of brick chisel, brick
size [see para. 5.1(b)] until a hole of 0.5 in. ±0.1 in. in set, or star drill and shall emphasize the necessity to
depth has been attained. The star drill should be rotated wear and ensure the use of safety goggles. The publica-
slightly after each successive hit. Three holes shall be
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
tion Guide to Hand Tools — Selection, Safety Tips, Proper

drilled. Use and Care provides guidelines for the safe use of
these tools.
7 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS OF
(n) Each brick chisel, brick set, and star drill shall be
USE
stamped, labeled, or otherwise marked, size permitting,
(a) Brick chisels and brick sets are special-purpose with a warning that conveys the hazard and what to do
tools designed, manufactured, and intended only for to avoid the hazard. As an example, the following safety
use in scoring and cutting brick and masonry block. message or equivalent may be used:
(b) Star drills are special-purpose tools designed and
intended only for the drilling of holes in brick, tile,
concrete, and stone.
(c) To avoid possible eye or other bodily injury, brick WARNING
chisels and brick sets shall not be used to cut metal WEAR SAFETY GOGGLES
objects or concrete. USER AND BYSTANDER
(d) A hammer blow should always be struck squarely
with the hammer face parallel with the struck face of
the brick chisel, brick set, or star drill. Glancing blows, At a minimum, the tool shall be marked with the
overstrikes, and understrikes should be avoided. phrase “Warning — Wear Safety Goggles” or the above
(e) No surface of the brick chisel, brick set, or star pictogram.
drill other than the struck face shall be struck. The ball This safety message shall be located in a position that
peen, hand drilling, or engineer’s hammer of the appro- will not interfere with the quality or performance of
priate size shall have a striking face with a diameter not the tool.
less than 0.375 in. larger than the struck face of the brick The principles given in ANSI Z535.4 shall be used as
chisel, brick set, or star drill. a guide for alternate, equivalent methods of labeling.
1 2
The striking test is so severe that a degree of permissible defor- It is understood that industrial users with adequate facilities
mation, such as denting of the struck face, can be anticipated. A and properly trained personnel may choose to redress or resharpen
much less severe test would avoid this, but it would not provide these tools by other means without altering the metallurgical char-
the level of safety assurance desired. acteristics of the tool.
41
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.52)
ASME B107.52
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
6 Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Figures
1 Type I Struck Nail-Puller Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2 Type II Class 1 Nonstruck Multipurpose Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3 Type II Class 2 Nonstruck Ripping/Wrecking Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4 Type III Class 1 Close Quarter Pry Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5 Type III Class 2 Die Setter Pry Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
6 Type III Class 3 Handled Pry Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
7 Type III Class 4 Pinch Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
8 Type III Class 5 Rolling Head Pry Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9 Prying Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
10 Point End Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
11 Handle Impact Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Tables
1 Type II Prying End Test Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2 Type III Prying End Test Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3 Point End Test Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4 Handle Tensile Force Test Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5 Handle Impact Test Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
42
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.52)
NAIL-PULLER BARS AND PRY BARS
1 SCOPE point end: portion of bar intended for aligning applica-

tions having a tapered round cross-sectional area.
requirements for nail-puller bars intended primarily for prying edge: edge formed by the tapering of the chisel
use in extracting nails, and for pry bars that are intended end or claw end.
for separating, prying, ripping, lifting, scraping, and
prying end: portion of bar having a chisel end or a
aligning applications.
claw end.
This Standard is intended to serve as a guide in select-
ing and using the hand tools covered. It is not the pur- safety message: information imprinted on or affixed to
pose of this Standard to specify the details of the bar that is intended to promote safety.
manufacturing.
shall: characterizes mandatory requirements of this
Standard.
developing manuals and posters and for the training of
personnel in safe practices. should: indicates if a provision is of an advisory nature,
This Standard may be used as a guide by state authori- or is stated as a recommendation.
ties or other regulatory bodies in the formulation of laws softwood: wood of a coniferous tree, e.g., fir, pine, or
or regulations. It is also intended for voluntary use by hemlock.
establishments that use or manufacture the tools cov-
ered. The methods employed to ensure compliance with
this Standard shall be determined by the proper regula- 3 REFERENCES
The following publications are referenced in this Stan-
2 DEFINITIONS dard. The latest edition shall be used.
body: straight portion of the bar (excluding the handle ANSI Z87.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational
grip when provided) used for gripping during nail-pull- Eye and Face Protection
ing or prying operations. ANSI Z535.4, Product Safety Signs and Labels
chisel end: portion of bar having a tapered shape gradu- Publisher: American National Standards Institute
ally reducing to and including the prying edge. (ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036
claw: nail-pulling end of the bar having a tapered ASTM E 18, Standard Test Methods for Rockwell
V-shaped opening for gripping the nail shank.
equivalent: the word equivalent in this Standard shall be Metallic Materials
interpreted to mean alternative designs or features that ASTM F 1667, Standard Specification for Driven
will provide an equal degree of performance and safety. Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and Staples
grip: when provided, material securely attached to the Publisher: ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor
body for holding during use. Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
grip area: the area of the body at the end opposite the 19428-2959
prying end or point end that the user grips to apply force.
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
SAE J1703, Motor Vehicle Brake Fluid

handle: additional material securely attached to the body
Publisher: Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400
to be gripped during use.
Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096
heel: portion of Type I bar intended to be struck, which
is the outer surface of the curved section of the bar Guide to Hand Tools — Selection, Safety Tips, Proper
adjacent to the claw end. Use and Care
nail-pulling slot: V-shaped slot or opening designed for Publisher: Hand Tools Institute (HTI), 25 North
pulling nails. Broadway, Tarrytown, NY 10591
43
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.52)
4 CLASSIFICATION 5.3 Mechanical Properties

(a) Type I: struck nail-puller bar (Fig. 1) (a) Type I bars, excluding the heel, shall have a hard-
(b) Type II: nonstruck nail-puller bar ness of not more than 55 HRC or equivalent. The heel
(1) Class 1: multipurpose (Fig. 2) shall have a hardness of not more than 44 HRC or
(2) Class 2: ripping/wrecking (Fig. 3) equivalent.
(c) Type III: pry bars (b) Type II bars shall have a maximum hardness of
48 HRC or equivalent.
(1) Class 1: close quarter (Fig. 4)
(c) Type III bars shall have a maximum hardness of
(2) Class 2: die setter (Fig. 5)
50 HRC or equivalent.
(3) Class 3: handled (Fig. 6)
(4) Class 4: pinch (Fig. 7) 5.4 Additional Properties
(5) Class 5: rolling head (Fig. 8)
Bars shall be free of nonfunctional sharp edges, points,
and surface roughness that could inflict personal injury
5 REQUIREMENTS to the user or adversely affect performance. Bars shall
be free of manufacturing and material defects, such as
Nail-puller bars and pry bars shall pass the applicable seams, laps, pipes, or cold shuts, which would jeopar-
tests in section 6. dize sound construction.
5.1 Design
6 TESTS
5.1.1 Nail-Puller Bars. Types I and II nail-puller
bars shall be provided with a slotted claw, at one or Many tests required herein are inherently hazardous,
both ends of the bar, suitable for pulling nails. and adequate safeguards for personnel and property
shall be employed in conducting such tests. Tests shall
(a) Type I nail-puller bars shall be provided with one
be conducted at a temperature between 40°F and 90°F.
or more struck surfaces.
Separate (new) samples shall be used for each of these
(b) Type II nail-puller bars shall be provided with no
tests. Failure to meet the requirements of any of the tests
struck surfaces. Class 1 multipurpose bars are generally
indicates that the bars do not comply with this Standard.
flat and thin for accessing tight spaces. Class 2 ripping/
wrecking bars are heavy-duty tools with a prying end 6.1 Hardness
and a nail-pulling end.
Hardness determination shall be made in accordance
5.1.2 Type III Class 1 Close Quarter. Pry bars shall with ASTM E 18.
have a sharply bent chisel end providing leverage in
limited space applications and a point end for alignment 6.2 Nail-Pulling Test
applications. 6.2.1 Type I. Six common unhardened nails (16d)
corresponding to ASTM F 1667 designation F 1667
5.1.3 Type III Class 2 Die Setter. Pry bars shall
NLCMS-11B shall be driven into a softwood board with
have a bent half-loop chisel end for separating or prying
a minimum thickness of 3.5 in. so that the nail heads
applications and a straight chisel end for scraping or
are flush with the board surface. Using an appropriate
prying.
size ball peen, hand drilling, or engineer’s hammer [see
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5.1.4 Type III Class 3 Handled. Pry bars shall have para. 7(a)], the claw end of the nail-puller bar is to be
a slightly bent chisel end for separating, scraping, or driven into the wood under the nail heads by striking
prying applications and a handle. the heel so that the V-shaped opening grips the nail
shanks. Each nail is to be completely removed from the
5.1.5 Type III Class 4 Pinch. Pry bars shall have a wood by successively engaging the nail shank with the
slightly bent chisel end for separating, scraping, or pry- V-shaped opening of the claw. There shall be no cracks
ing applications and a point end for alignment or bending of the claw or tips and no cracking or chip-
applications. ping of the V-shaped opening.
5.1.6 Type III Class 5 Rolling Head. Pry bars shall 6.2.2 Type II Class 1 Multipurpose. Each nail-pull-
have a formed rounded chisel end that acts as a fulcrum ing slot or opening shall completely remove six two-
to provide leverage and a point end for alignment appli- penny common nails driven into softwood board with
cations. a minimum thickness of 0.63 in. so that the nailheads
are within 0.13 in. of the board surface. Successive prying
5.2 Materials using shims may be required. The test shall be repeated
The materials used in the manufacture of nail-puller for every V-shaped opening or slot that is designed to
bars and pry bars shall be such as to produce tools pull nails. The pry bar shall not permanently deform or
conforming to the requirements of this Standard. break.
44
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.52)
Fig. 1 Type I Struck Nail-Puller Bars
Claw
Body
(a) Single Claw Without Grip
(b) Single Claw With Grip
Claw
Body
Claw
(c) Double Claw
45
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.52)
6.2.3 Type II Class 2 Wrecking/Ripping. Six common

unhardened nails (16d) corresponding to ASTM F 1667
designation F 1667 NLCMS-11B shall be driven into a
Fig. 2 Type II Class 1 Nonstruck Multipurpose Bar
softwood board with a minimum thickness of 3.5 in. so
that the nailheads are within 0.25 in. of the board surface.
The pry bar shall be positioned so that the V-shaped
opening engages the nail shank immediately beneath
the nailhead. Each nail shall be completely removed
from the wood by applying force to the pry bar. Succes-
sive prying using shims may be required. The test shall
be repeated for every V-shaped opening or slot that is
designed to pull nails. The pry bar shall not permanently
Fig. 3 Type II Class 2 Nonstruck Ripping/Wrecking deform or break.
Bar
6.3 Type II Prying Test
Each end of the nail-puller bar shall be tested with
the load applied as close to the opposite end as practical,
as illustrated in Fig. 9, illustrations (a) and (b). Apply
a slow steady load to the nail-puller bar to meet the
torque specified in Table 1. If the blade or tip fails or
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
takes a permanent set, the nail-puller bar has failed
this test.
Fig. 4 Type III Class 1 Close Quarter Pry Bar
6.4 Type III Prying Tests
6.4.1 Prying End Test. The load shall be applied
near the middle of the handle or grip area of the pry
bar [see Fig. 9, illustration (c)]. Apply a slow steady load
to the pry bar to the torque specified in Table 2. If the
blade or tip fails, takes a permanent set, or if the handle
loosens from the pry bar, the pry bar has failed this test.
Fig. 5 Type III Class 2 Die Setter Pry Bar
6.4.2 Point End Test. The load shall be applied near
the middle of the grip area of the pry bar (see Fig. 10).
Apply a slow steady load to the pry bar to the minimum
bend angle specified in Table 3. The pry bar shall not
fracture before the minimum bend angle is achieved.
Fig. 6 Type III Class 3 Handled Pry Bar 6.5 Handle Solvent Resistance Test
Assembled pry bar handles shall be fully immersed
in the test fluids specified (new samples shall be used
for each test fluid) for 15 to 20 min at room temperature,
removed, and let stand for 24 hr to 28 hr. Test fluids are
SAE J1703 brake fluid, gasoline, ethylene glycol, and
Fig. 7 Type III Class 4 Pinch Bar ethyl alcohol. There shall be no significant swelling nor
surface attack of the material being tested.
6.6 Handle Tensile Force (Pull Apart) Test

Assembled pry bar handles shall not break, loosen,
or separate from the pry bar when subjected to the force
specified in Table 4.
Fig. 8 Type III Class 5 Rolling Head Pry Bar
6.7 Handle Impact Test (See Table 5 and Fig. 11)
(a) The test plate shall have a hardness of 45 HRC to
50 HRC.
(b) The test plate shall rest on a solid foundation.
46
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.52)
Fig. 9 Prying Test
(a)
(b)
Direction and
location of load
Direction and
location of load
(c)
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- 47
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.52)
Table 1 Type II Prying End Test Specifications

Nominal Overall Torque,
Nail-Puller Bar Type II Length, in. lbf-in., min.
Class 1 Multipurpose Less than 8 ...

8 and above 2,000
Class 2 Ripping/Wrecking Up to 15 1,200
Over 15 to 21 2,100
Over 21 2,600
Table 2 Type III Prying End Test Specifications

Nominal Overall Torque,
Type III Pry Bar Class Length, in. lbf-in., min.
Class 1 Close Quarter Up to 12 280

Over 12 up to 17 700
Over 17 up to 20 800
Over 20 1,500
Class 2 Die Setter ... 2,600
Class 3 Pry Bar With Handle Up to 10 500

Over 10 up to 15 1,200
Over 15 up to 21 1,400
Over 21 up to 28 1,600
Over 28 2,900
Class 4 Pinch Up to 14 460

Over 14 up to 15.5 650
Over 15.5 up to 24 1,800
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Over 24 up to 33 2,800
Over 33 5,100
Class 5 Rolling Head (rolling head end) Up to 9 500

Over 9 up to 14 1,200
Over 14 up to 18 1,400
Over 18 1,600
Table 3 Point End Test Specifications

Minimum
Bend Angle,
Type III Pry Bar Class Nominal Length, in. deg
Class 1 Close Quarter All 30
Class 4 Pinch All 30

Class 5 Rolling Head Less than or equal to 6 20
All others 30
GENERAL NOTE: Insertion to midpoint of taper ±0.13.
48
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.52)
Fig. 10 Point End Test Fig. 11 Handle Impact Test
Direction and
location of load
Table 4 Handle Tensile Force Test Loads

Nominal Across Flats of Shank, in. Minimum Load, lb
Up to 1⁄4 150
Above 1⁄4 up to 3⁄8 210
Above 3⁄8 up to 7⁄16 275
Above 7⁄16 475
Table 5 Handle Impact Test Specifications

Maximum Blade
Drop Weight, lb Drop Height, in. Penetration
Nominal Blade Width, in. ±2 oz ±0.5 Into Handle, in.
Up to 1⁄4 15 10.0 0.7

Above 1⁄4 up to 3⁄8 15 20.0 0.7
Above 3⁄8 up to 7⁄16 15 25.0 0.7
Above 7⁄16 15 35.0 0.7
(c) The striking weight shall fall freely through a 7 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS
seamless tube having an inner dimension slightly larger OF USE
than the weight.
(d) The striking face of the weight shall have a mini- Instructors and employers shall stress proper use and
mum hardness of 54 HRC. safety in the use of these special-purpose tools and shall
(e) Impact each sample 20 times. emphasize the necessity to wear and ensure the use of
(f) Assembled pry bar handles shall not break, crack, safety goggles. The publication Guide to Hand Tools —
nor significantly distort. “Significantly distort” (for the Selection, Safety Tips, Proper Use and Care provides guide-
purpose of this test) means an increase of at least 5% in lines for safe use of these tools.
the handle diameter, either as a uniform or irregular (a) The Type I nail-puller bar is a special-purpose
bulge. tool designed and intended only for the specific use
49
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.52)
of extracting embedded nails from wood. The claw is (f) Bars shall be inspected prior to each use and their
intended to be driven into the wood under a nail head use discontinued at the first sign of cracking, chipping,
by striking the heel with an appropriate hammer such as mushrooming, or bending.
a ball peen, hand drilling hammer, or engineer’s hammer (g) Handle grips that have loosened shall be repaired
with a striking face diameter at least 0.375 in. larger or replaced.
than the heel of the nail-puller bar. A nail hammer shall (h) No part of the bar shall be ground, welded, treated
not be used to strike a nail-puller bar. (The striking face by reheating, or otherwise altered from the original con-
is too small and may chip.) A pipe extension or other dition as furnished by the manufacturer.
form of “cheater” to increase the leverage of any nail- (i) A pipe extension or other form of “cheater” to
puller bar shall never be used. increase the leverage of any bar shall never be used.
(b) Type II nail-puller bars are not intended to be (j) Each bar shall be stamped, labeled, or otherwise
struck. marked by the manufacturer with the following symbol
(c) Type III pry bars are special-purpose tools and safety message, or equivalent:
designed and intended only for the specific use of sepa-
rating, prying, ripping, lifting, scraping, and aligning
applications. A pry bar is not intended to be struck.
WARNING
(d) A hammer blow should always be struck squarely
WEAR SAFETY GOGGLES
with the hammer face parallel to the heel. Glancing
blows and overstrikes and understrikes should be USER AND BYSTANDER
avoided. No other part of the nail-puller bar should be
struck.
(e) Safety goggles or equivalent eye protection con- This safety message shall be located in a position that
forming to ANSI Z87.1 shall be worn by the user and will not interfere with the quality or performance of
all persons in the immediate area in which any nail- the tool.
puller bar or pry bar is being used to avoid possible The principles set forth in ANSI Z535.4 shall be used as
injury from flying objects. the guide for alternate, equivalent methods of labeling.
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
50
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.59)
ASME B107.59
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
6 Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Figures
1 Nomenclature for Striking Wrenches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2 Nomenclature for Slugging Wrenches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3 Struck Block Cross-Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4 Impact Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Tables
1 Wrench Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2 Impact Test Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
51 --`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.59)
SLUGGING AND STRIKING WRENCHES
1 SCOPE Fig. 1 Nomenclature for Striking Wrenches

requirements for slugging and striking wrenches that
are intended for torquing of fasteners.
This Standard is intended to serve as a guide in select-
ing, testing, and using the hand tools covered herein. It Struck
Box end Shank block Chamfer Struck
is not the purpose of this Standard to specify the details
face
of manufacturing.
This Standard is also meant to serve as a guide for
the development of manuals and posters and for training
personnel to work safely.
Length
2 DEFINITIONS
See Figs. 1 and 2.
box end: portion of wrench that engages axially with the Fig. 2 Nomenclature for Slugging Wrenches
hex head of a threaded fastener.
chamfer: angled surface or equivalent radius encircling
the perimeter of and breaking the sharp corners of the
struck face.
Struck
equivalent: characterizes alternative designs or features face Chamfer Shank Box end
that will provide an equal degree of performance and or radius
safety.
Struck
may: the word may in this Standard shall be interpreted block
to indicate a foreseeable or allowable nonmandatory
condition.
safety message: information imprinted on or affixed to
the wrench that is intended to promote safety. Length
shall: refers to a mandatory requirement.

3 REFERENCES
shank: portion of wrench between the box end and struck
block. The following publications are referenced in this Stan-
dard. The latest edition shall be used.
should: characterizes a provision to be a recommen-
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
dation. ANSI Z87.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational

Eye and Face Protection
struck block: portion of wrench opposite the box end Publisher: American National Standards Institute
having a square or rectangular cross section that includes (ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036
the struck faces.
ASME B107.100, Wrenches
struck face: surface of struck block exclusive of the cham- ASME B107.17M, Gages, Wrench Openings, Reference
fer that is intended to be struck with a striking tool while
Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical
torquing fasteners.
Engineers (ASME), Three Park Avenue, New York, NY
struck face crown: convex shape or radius of the struck 10016-5990; Order Department: 22 Law Drive, P.O. Box
face (if provided). 2300, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2300
52
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.59)
ASTM E 18, Standard Test Methods for Rockwell and 5.3 Mechanical Properties
Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials Slugging and striking wrenches shall be through hard-
Publisher: ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor ened and tempered to a maximum hardness of 44 HRC
Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA or equivalent.
19428-2959
5.4 Markings
Guide to Hand Tools — Selection, Safety Tips, Proper
Use and Care Each wrench shall be marked in a plain and permanent
manner with the nominal wrench opening and safety
Publisher: Hand Tools Institute (HTI), 25 North Broad-
message. See para. 7(l).
way, Tarrytown, NY 10591
5.5 Wrench Openings
4 CLASSIFICATION Wrench openings shall be such as to ensure acceptance
when gaged with gages conforming to ASME B107.17M.
See Table 1.
(a) Type I: slugging wrench (straight shank)
(b) Type II: slugging wrench (offset shank) 6 TESTS
(c) Type III: striking wrench (slightly angled shank SAFETY WARNING: Many tests required herein are inherently
and large offset) hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property
shall be employed in conducting such tests. These tests are
designed to evaluate the tools and materials and do not condone
5 REQUIREMENTS the use of the tools in an environment or manner inconsistent
with safe use of the tools.
5.1 Design
Slugging and striking wrenches shall be capable of
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Slugging and striking wrenches shall have a box end meeting the tests specified in paras. 6.1 and 6.2. Separate
for turning fasteners, a shank, and a block at the opposite (new) wrenches shall be used for each test. Failure to
end to be struck by a striking tool of the appropriate meet the requirements of the applicable tests indicates
type and size. The appropriate striking tool, such as a that the wrenches do not comply with this Standard.
ball peen hammer, blacksmith’s hammer, maul, or sledge
shall have a striking face diameter not less than 0.375 in. 6.1 Hardness Determination Test
larger than the struck face width of the wrench (see Hardness determination shall be made in accordance
Fig. 3). with ASTM E 18.
Typical styles of slugging and striking wrenches are
shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Slugging wrenches generally 6.2 Impact Test
have thicker cross-sections than striking wrenches and Sample wrenches shall be subjected to the impact test
are intended for withstanding heavier blows. The styles in para. 6.2.1 or 6.2.2, depending on the style of wrench.
covered by this Standard are not limited to those named All three wrenches shall be evaluated at the conclusion
or illustrated. of the test. The struck block of the wrenches shall not
The struck faces of slugging and striking wrenches crack or chip. There shall be no visible bending of the
shall have a crowned or a flat surface. The struck faces shank or twisting of the box ends in excess of 5 deg.
of slugging and striking wrenches shall have a chamfer There shall be no cracks evident on any portion of the
of approximately 45 deg or equivalent radius around wrenches. The wrench openings shall not slip on the
the perimeter having a width equal to approximately mandrel. Normal deformation of the struck face and the
one-tenth the struck face width (see Fig. 3). For example, box end of the wrenches is permitted.1
if the struck face width is 1.00 in., then the chamfer
width would be approximately 0.10 in. 6.2.1 Slugging Wrench. Three samples of the same
All slugging and striking wrenches shall be free of style and size slugging wrench shall be mounted on a
nonfunctional sharp edges, points, and surface hexagonal mandrel with the middle wrench offset 30 deg
roughness that could inflict personal injury when han- with respect to the other wrenches. The hexagonal man-
dling the tool. They shall conform to the requirements drel shall meet the requirements of ASME B107.100 as
for mechanical properties specified in para. 5.3 and shall applicable. Steel shims 0.25 in. thick shall be placed
withstand the impact test specified in para. 6.2. under the heads of the two wrenches on the ends of the
mandrel, and the assembly clamped at each of these
5.2 Materials heads to a rigidly supported steel block weighing not
The materials used in the manufacture of slugging 1
and striking wrenches shall be such as to produce slug- The test is so severe that a degree of permissible deformation
such as the denting of the box end wrenching surfaces and the
ging and striking wrenches conforming to the require- struck face can be anticipated. A much less severe test would avoid
ments specified herein. this, but it would not provide the level of safety assurance desired.
53
ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.59)
Table 1 Wrench Applications

Style Type Application
Slugging wrench I Designed for use in applications where heavy shock or

(straight shank) impact from a hammer or sledge is required to
loosen or set large nuts or fasteners. Should be
used when the torquing force can be applied directly
in the plane of the fastener.
Slugging wrench II Designed for use in applications where heavy shock or
(offset shank) impact from a hammer or sledge is required to
loosen or set large nuts or fasteners. Should be
used when fastener clearance is restricted and the
torquing force cannot be applied directly in the
plane of the fastener.
Striking wrench III Designed for use in applications where shock or
(slightly angled impact from a hammer or sledge is needed to
shank and large tighten or loosen nuts or fasteners. Offset allows use
offset) where fastener clearance is restricted. Should be
used when the torquing force cannot be applied
directly in the plane of the fastener.
Fig. 3 Struck Block Cross-Section

Chamfer width
Cross Section Chamfer Cross Section
Radius
Flat struck surface W

W
Struck face crown
Struck face width

Struck Block Struck Block
(With Flat Struck Surface) (With Struck Face Crown)
less than 400 lb. The drop weight shall have a striking drop heights are listed in Table 2. Alternate methods of
face hardness of not less than 45 HRC or equivalent nor striking the wrench may be used if the required impact
more than 60 HRC or equivalent and shall be dropped energy in Table 2 is satisfied.
squarely onto the struck face of the middle wrench. The
striking face diameter of the drop weight shall not be 7 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS OF
less than 0.375 in. larger than the struck face width of USE
the wrench being struck (see Fig. 3).
(a) Instructors and employers shall stress proper use
Typically, the drop weight is cylindrical and is
and safety in the use of slugging and striking wrenches
dropped through a seamless tube slightly larger in diam-
and shall emphasize the necessity to wear and ensure
eter. Drop weights and drop heights are listed in Table 2.
the use of safety goggles or equivalent eye protection.
The drop weight shall be dropped 100 times onto the
The publication, Guide to Hand Tools — Selection, Safety
struck face of the middle wrench (see Fig. 4 for illustra-
Tips, Proper Use and Care, provides guidelines for the
tion of impact test setup). Alternate methods of striking
safe use of hand tools.
the wrench may be used if the required impact energy
(b) Slugging and striking wrenches are special-pur-
in Table 2 is satisfied.
pose tools designed and intended only for use with
6.2.2 Striking Wrench. Three samples of the same heavy-duty fasteners where shock or impact is needed
style and size wrench shall be mounted and tested using to fully tighten or loosen (see Table 1).
the same apparatus and method used in para. 6.2.1, (c) To avoid possible eye or other bodily injury, slug-
except the drop weight shall be dropped 20 times onto ging and striking wrenches shall be used only for the
the struck face of the middle wrench. Drop weights and purpose specified in para. 7(b).
54
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ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.59)
Table 2 Impact Test Specifications

Impact
Nominal Wrench Drop Weight, Drop Height, Energy,
Wrench Style Opening, in. lb ft lbf-f
Slugging (offset and straight Less than 2 10 10 100

shank), Types I and II At least 2, but less 15 10 150
than 23⁄4
23⁄4 or greater 24 15 360
5
Striking Type III Less than 1 ⁄8 5 5 25
At least 15⁄8, but less 10 5 50
than 23⁄8
23⁄8 or greater 10 10 100
Fig. 4 Impact Test Setup
Weight
Middle wrench to be horizontal
90 deg Shim
Clamp Steel
30 deg offset block
(d) A striking tool should always be used with the (g) Slugging and striking wrenches shall be inspected
striking face parallel to the struck face of the wrench. prior to each use and their use discontinued at the first
Glancing blows, overstrikes, and understrikes should be sign of bending the shank or chipping or cracking of
avoided. No surface of the wrench other than the struck the box end or struck block.
face shall be struck. The striking tool of the appropriate (h) Deformation of the wrenching configuration may
size shall have a striking face diameter not less than occur from tool usage. Wrenches shall be inspected prior
0.375 in. larger than the struck face of the wrench. to each use and their use discontinued at the first sign
(e) To avoid possible eye injury from flying objects, of significant wrenching surface deterioration.
safety goggles or equivalent eye protection conforming
(i) Except as indicated in para. 7(j), no area, section,
to ANSI Z87.1 shall be worn by the user and all persons
or portion of the wrench shall be ground, welded, treated
in the immediate area where any slugging and striking
by reheating, or otherwise altered from the original con-
wrench is being used.
dition as furnished by the manufacturer.
(f) Slugging and striking wrenches shall not be used
with “cheater” pipes or other means to extend the length (j) At the first indication of mushrooming, the struck
of the tool. face and struck face chamfer of the wrench shall be
55
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ASME B107.410-2008 (B107.59)
redressed to its original contour by the use of a hand

file or whetstone.2
(k) Care shall be exercised to prevent the wrench from WARNING
dislodging from the fastener or nut while being WEAR SAFETY GOGGLES
impacted. USER AND BYSTANDER
(l) Each wrench shall be permanently marked by the
manufacturer with the following message or equivalent:
2
It is understood that industrial users with adequate facilities Pictorials are an acceptable equivalent. This safety
and properly trained personnel may choose to redress the struck
face and struck face chamfer of these tools by other means without message shall be located in a position that will not inter-
altering the metallurgical characteristics of the tools. fere with the quality or performance of the tool.
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56
B107 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR HAND TOOLS
Socket Wrenches, Hand (Inch Series) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.1-2002

Socket Wrenches, Extensions, Adaptors, and Universal Joints, Power Drive (Impact) (Inch Series) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.2-2002
Driving and Spindle Ends for Portable Hand, Impact, Air, and Electric Tools (Percussion Tools Excluded) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.4-2005
Socket Wrenches, Hand (Metric Series). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.5M-2002
Adjustable Wrenches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.8-2003
Handles and Attachments for Hand Socket Wrenches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B107.10-2005
Pliers: Diagonal Cutting and End Cutting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.11-2002
--`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Nutdrivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.12-2004
Pliers: Long Nose, Long Reach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.13-2003
Hand Torque Tools (Mechanical) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.14-2004
Flat Tip Screwdrivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.15-2002
Shears (Metal Cutting, Hand) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.16M-1998 (R2004)
Gages, Wrench Openings, Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.17M-1997
Pliers: Wire Twister . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.18-2003
Pliers: Retaining Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.19-2004
Pliers: Lineman’s, Iron Worker’s, Gas, Glass, Fence, and Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.20-2004
Wrench, Crowfoot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.21-2005
Electronic Cutters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.22M-1998 (R2004)
Pliers: Multiple Position, Adjustable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B107.23-2004
Locking Pliers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.24-2002
Pliers: Performance Test Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.25-2002
Pliers: Multiple Position, Electrical Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.27-2003
Electronic Torque Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.28-2005
Electronic Tester, Hand Torque Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.29-2005
Cross Tip Screwdrivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.30-2002
Screwdrivers, Cross Tip Gaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.31M-1997
Socket Wrenches, Impact (Metric Series) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.33M-2002
Socket Wrenches for Spark Plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.34-2003
Pliers: Locking, Clamp, and Tubing Pinch-Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.36-2002
Pliers: Wire Cutters/Strippers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.37-2003
Electronic Pliers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.38M-1998
Nail Hammers: Safety Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B107.41-2004
Hatchets: Safety Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.42M-1997 (R2004)
Ripping Chisels and Flooring/Electricians’ Chisels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.45-2002
Star Drills: Safety Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.51-2001
Ball Peen Hammers: Safety Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.53-2004
Heavy Striking Tools: Safety Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.54-2001
Axes: Safety Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.55-2002
Body Repair Hammers and Dolly Blocks: Safety Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B107.56-1999
Bricklayers’ Hammers and Prospecting Picks: Safety Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B107.57-2001
Riveting, Scaling, and Tinner’s Setting Hammers: Safety Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.58M-1998
Pry Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B107.60-2004
Wrenches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B107.100-2002
Struck Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B107.410-2008
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ASME B107.410-2008
N16508
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STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS

STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL

N. C. Cantlon, Jore Corp.

SUBCOMMITTEE 4 — STRIKING AND STRUCK

G. E. Olson, Gene Olson Engineering Consultant, Ltd.

W. T. Pagac, Forever Associates

Copyright ASME International

1 SCOPE Fig. 1 Wood-Splitting Wedge Nomenclature

This Standard provides performance and safety Struck face

Fig. 2 Nomenclature and Alternate Head Designs for

ANSI Z87.1-1998, Practice for Occupational Educational

ASTM E 18-00, Standard Test Methods for Rockwell

CHISELS — GLAZIERS’, WOOD, RIPPING,

1 SCOPE Fig. 1 Nomenclature for Glaziers’ Chisels

Bevel Blade Side bevels

side bevel: the slanting surface on side edges that

Fig. 4 Nomenclature for Ripping Chisels

Fig. 5 Nomenclature for Flooring/Electricians’ Chisels

Fig. 6 Side Force Test for Glaziers’ and Wood Chisels

(a) Perpendicular Load

(b) Parallel Load

Fig. 7 Impact Test for Types I and II Chisels

Fig. 8 Permanent Set Test

STUD, SCREW, AND PIPE EXTRACTORS:

1 SCOPE ANSI Z535.4, Product Safety Signs and Labels

Copyright ASME International

Fig. 2 Nomenclature for Multi-Spline Flute Extractor

Copyright ASME International

5.3 Mechanical Properties 7

metal pipes and fasteners that are of softer material than

Copyright ASME International

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METAL CHISELS, PUNCHES, AND DRIFT PINS

(3) Class 3 Center. Punch used for marking by

Fig. 1 Nomenclature for Type II Punches

Chamfer Struck Equivalent Struck

Equivalent Head Design

One piece Two pieces

Lesser Upset head

Bevel Rounded head

Equivalent Head Design

Cutting edge Type I Class 2

Type I Class 1 Type I Class 4 Type I Class 5 Type I Class 3

Struck face Chamfer

Taper Body Taper

Struck face Struck face

Fig. 4 Nomenclature for Type I Handle-Held Chisels

5.5 Marking to 60 HRC or equivalent and shall be dropped squarely

Table 1 Impact Test Parameters — Type I Chisels

4 and 5 All sizes 5 10 10 Rectangular, 0.75 in. minimum 80–85 HRB

6 All sizes 10 40 10 Rectangular, 0.75 in. minimum 25–30 HRC

Table 2 Impact Test Parameters — Type II Punches

6 (Prick) All sizes 5 5 20 25–30

Table 3 Impact Test Parameters — Type III

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