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ASMEIANSI B18.18.2M-1987
REAFFIRMED 1999
S P O N S O R E DA N DP U B L I S H E DB Y
T H EA M E R I C A NS O C I E T Y OF M E C H A N I C A LE N G I N E E R S
United
Engineering
Center 3 4 5 East 4 7 t h Street
New York, N. Y. 1 O 0 1 7
This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.
There will be no addenda or written interpretations of the requirements of this Standard
issued to this Edition.
This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for
American National Standards. The Consensus Committee thatapproved the code or standard was
balancedto assure that individuals from competentand concerned interests have had an opportunity
to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment
which provides an opportunity for additional public inputfromindustry, academia, regulatory
agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not "approve." "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietary device, or
activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in
connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone
utilizing a standard against liability for infringement
of any applicable Letters Patent, nor assume any
such liability.Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determinationof the validity of
any such patentrights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their
own responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representative(s)or person(s) affiliated withindustry is not tobe
interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME accepts responsibilityfor only those interpretations issuedin accordance with governing
ASME proceduresandpolicies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual
volunteers.
Copyright O 1987 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
American National Standards Committee B18 for the standardization of bolts, screws,
nuts, rivets, and similar fasteners was organized in March 1922 as Sectional Committee B18
under the aegis of the American Engineering Standards Committee (later the American
Standards Association, then the United States of America Standards Institute and, asof
October 6, 1969, the American National Standards Institute, Inc.) with the Society of Auto-
motive Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers as joint sponsors.
Subcommittee 18 of Committee B1 8 was established in September 1978 to develop a doc-
ument to cover the quality assurance provisions for internally and externally threaded met-
ric fasteners and accessories or associated parts.
At the March 1979 meeting of Subcommittee 18, it was agreedthat the qualityassurance
document should be circulated for subcommittee consideration as a proposed standard.
Subcommittee acceptance of the content ensued and the documentwas approved by letter
ballot to the American National Standards Committee B18 on March 21, 1980.
The standardwas subsequently approved by the Secretariat and submittedto theAmeri-
can NationalStandards Institute fordesignation as anAmerican National Standard; it was
designated ANSI B18.18.2M-1982 and approved on September 14, 1982.
A periodic review of the standard, undertaken by the Subcommittee in 1985, resulted in
agreement that thedocument be revisedto allow it to be usedfor inch as well as metric prod-
ucts. This was done by deleting the word “metric” from the title as well as fromeach place
in the standard’whereit would inhibit the use of the document for inch as well as metric
products. By retaining the “M” in the designator, the standard can be used for both inch
and metric products withouthaving to change any references made. A proposal containing
these changes, as well as editorial corrections, was prepared and balloted by letter ballot to
ASME Committee B18. Following approval by ASME, the proposal was submitted to the
American National Standards Institute anddesignated an American National Standard on
January 16, 1987.
iii
OFFICERS
J. B. Levy, Chairman
H. W. Ellison, Vice Chairman
E. Schwartz. Vice Chairman
R. W. McGinnis, Secretary
COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS
E. R. Friesth. Don E. Williams Co., Rock Island, Illinois
METAL CUTTINGTOOLINSTITUTE
EmnudR.
'
iv
U. S.DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
E. Schwartz, Defense Industrial Supply Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
L. Pieninck, Alternate, Defense Industrial Supply Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS
A. R. Breed, Lakewood, Ohio
R. A. Flor, Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Michigan
G. A. Gobb, Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Michigan
F. E. Graves, F. E. Graves Associates, Fairfield. Connecticut
J. J. Naesset, Clark Equipment Co., Battle Creek, Michigan
...
Foreword ............................................................... 111
StandardsCommittee Roster. .............................................. iv
Figure
1 Basic Plan
Outline .................................................... 2
Tables
1 Final Inspection - Machine Assembled and Other Special
Purpose Fasteners - Nondestructive Tests ............................. 5
2 Final Inspection - Machine Assembled and Other Special
Purpose Fasteners - Destructive Tests ................................ 6
3 Sample Size - Machine Assembled and Other Special
Purpose Fasteners .................................................. 6
Appendices
I Tables A and B . . ..................................................... 7
II Ordering Information ................................................. 9
vi
1 GENERAL INFORMATION greatest range of lot size. Lot sizes are restricted to a
maximum of 250,000 pieces.
l .1 Basic Plan Structure
This Standard outlines a Quality Assurance Plan
for internally and externally threaded fasteners and 1.4 Measuring and Testing Equipment
accessories or associated parts. Provisions are in-
All measuring instruments, gages, and testing
cluded for sampling plans, inspection frequencies,
equipment used to inspect incoming materials and
control procedures, and record keeping.
parts in process and in final inspection shall be cali-
Included in this plan are fasteners such as those
brated at planned intervals to National Bureau of
where a more detailed inspection would enhance mass
Standards (NBS) or other equivalent National Stan-
assembly operation. The quality assurance plan for
dards where applicable. The dates of calibration and
these fasteners relies primarily on increased final in-
fixture checks shall be recorded. Inspection records
spection rather than on documented in-process con-
shall be kept for a minimum of 1 year.
trol.
This Standard will be usedin conjunction with
other accepted standards for product, testing, gaging,
1.5 Basic Plan Outline
and material and, therefore, those provisions as well
as packaging are not included herein. The basic plan outline as shown in Fig. 1 is included
to enhance understanding and use.
r
I Discretion
Producer's I
A lot is a quantity of product of one part number L """ ""- -1
made by the same production process and subse-
quently submitted for final inspection at one time.
Maximum lot size traceable to final inspection shall be
i
no larger than 250,000 pieces. Final Inspection
For lotsizes equal to or less than 5,000 pieces, sam-
ple size is reduced to maintain inspectionat a practical
level.
finishing operations shall undergo final inspectionby be resampled for this characteristic with a sample four
the prime contractor. Final inspection maybe con- times the size of the original fina1 acceptance sample.
ducted by the subcontractor upon prior written ap- The acceptance criterion will then be zero discrepan-
proval of the customer. cies in this larger sample.
2.8.3 Customer Inspection. If on receipt of the
2.6 RawMaterial material the user discovers a single nonconforming
part that functions defectively,he may sample the lot
2.6.1 General. Raw material shall be reviewed to
for such nonconformingcharacteristic(s) in accor-
determine that each coil or bundle has a mill identifi-
dance with para. 2.7, using an acceptance number of
cation andthat each heat (batch, melt, cast, etc.)is ac-
zero.
companied by a mill certification of analysis or the
equivalent. Raw material (rod, wire, or bar) shall be
inspected prior to release for fabricationto verify that
it conforms to the material requirements specified, 2.9 Disposition of NonconformingMaterials or
Parts
2.6.2 General Quality.One fastener, taken at ran-
dom from representativecoils of rod or wire or from Records of disposition shall be maintained in ac-
bundles of bars, shall be visually inspected to verify cordance with para. 2.4.
the general quality of the raw material and its condi- 2.9.1 Manufacturer‘s Options.The manufacturer
tion following the forming process. The part shall be has thechoice of the following options in the disposi-
examined for evidence of pipe, cracks, seams, and tion of those materials or parts that have been found
other surface discontinuities according to applicable to contain discrepancies within his plant.
specifications. (a) They may be scrapped.
(6) They may be 100% sorted and all nonconform-
2.7 FinalInspection ing parts removed.
(c) They may be reworked or reprocessed to correct
Each lot of fasteners shall be subject to a final in- the nonconforming characteristic(s).
spection. The final inspection is intended to verify lot (d)The customermay be informed of the rejectable
identification, to check for mechanical property con- items andhis advice requested on their disposition.If
formance and mixed stock, and to inspect designated the customer considers that the degree to which the
characteristics for conformance to related specifica- characteristic(s) deviates fromspecified requirements
tions and engineering drawings. Records of final in- will have no significant effect on the performanceof
spection shallbe maintained in accordance with para. the parts in their service application, the customer
2.4. The nondestructivefinal inspection requirements may authorize release of the parts or materials for
are given inTable l . and destructivetest requirements completion of production or for shipment as applica-
are given in Table 2. Sample sizes are thendetermined ble.
in accordance with Table 3.
2.9.2 Customer’s Options.The customer shalles-
tablish agreement with the manufacturer on one of the
2.8 Acceptance and Rejection following options for the disposition of those materi-
als or parts that have been rejected after receipt from
2.8.1 Basis of Rejection.Any coil of rod or wire or the manufacturer.
bundle of bars failing to meet the requirements of (a) They may be scrapped.
para. 2.6 shall be held for disposition. (6) They may be 100% sorted and all nonconform-
2.8.2 Acceptance Criteria ing parts removed.
(c) They may be reworked or reprocessed to correct
2.8.2.1 Nondestructive. If asinglenoncon-
forming characteristicis found in final inspection, the the nonconforming characteristic(s).
lot maybe resampled for this characteristic with a (6) If thecustomerconsidersthatthe degree to
sample four times the size of the original final accept- which the characteristic@) deviatesfrom specified re-
ance sample. The acceptance criterion will then be quirements will have no significant effect on the per-
formance of the parts in theirservice application, the
zero discrepancies in this larger sample.
customer may authorize release of the partsor materi-
2.8.2.2 Destructive. If a single nonconforming als for use and advise the manufacturer.
characteristic is found in final inspection, the may
lot (e) They all may be returned.
Internally Externally
Inspection Threaded
Threaded
Characteristic Level Parts Parts
1 Body diameter C NA WA
2 Length B NA WA
3 Width across flats B WA WA
10 Flange diameter C WA WA
11 Flange thickness C WA WA
12 Recess penetration A NA WA
13 Point diameter B NA WA
14 Countersink diameter and depth C WA WA
15 Thread acceptability [Note (1 ) ] BIC WA WA
19 Slot depth A WA WA
20 Slot alignments and location B WA NA
21 Diameter of undercut C NA WA
22 Depth of undercut C NA WA
23 Washer O.D. C WA WA
24 Washer thickness C WA WA
25 Visual inspection [Note (211 A WA WA
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) Legend: WA - when applicable
NA - not applicable
(b) Refer to para. 2.8.2 for acceptance criteria. Refer t o Table 3 for sample size.
NOTES:
( 1 I ANSUASME B1.3M or other applicable standards and at the appropriate inspection \eve1(Bor C).
( 2 ) Visual inspection for grade and sourceidentification, presence of finish, duds, surface disconti-
nuities, headandlor flange eccentricity, flange flatness, radius under head,type ofwasher, pres-
ence of locking feature, closeness of thread t o head, and general workmanship.
Internally Externally
Inspection Threaded
Threaded
Characteristic Level
Parts Parts
4 Hardness [Note ( 1 11 A WA WA
5 Case depth B NA WA
6 Decarburization C WA WA
7 Torsional strength B NA WA
8 Drive test B NA WA
9 Prevailing torque [Note (211 B WA WA
10 Washer hardness B WA WA
11 Ductility A WA WA
12 Plating thickness B WA WA
13 Salt spray [Note (311 B WA WA
14 Hydrogen embrittlement A WA WA
GENERAL NOTE:
Legend: WA - when applicable
NA - not applicable
NOTES:
(1) Surface, core, or both as appropriate.
(2) Prevailing torque test includes thread start, all specified torque requirements, and retention of
locking feature, when applicable.
(3) Continuous monitoring of salt spray performance in accordance with the recommendation of
Table B in Appendix I constitutes compliance with the requirements for salt spray testing outlined
in this table. Refer to Table 3 for sample size.
Level of Nondestructive
Destructive
Lot SIze Inspection Testing Testing
5,001-250,000 A 100 8
B 32 4
C 8 1
1,000-5,000 A 50 6
0 16 3
C 4 1
Up t o 1 O
, 00 (where sample
size
exceeds
A 25 4
lot size, 100% inspection t o be
applied) B 8 2
C 2 1
Is characteristic classified as
major or munor? ( A major characteristic
materially affects the useability
of the product for its intended
purpose; a minor characteristic
does not.)
No
Control Check
Specifications
(a) Number and title of document
(6) Exceptions
Example
( a ) ASMWANSIB18.18.2M,Inspectionand
Quality Assurancefor High-Volume Machine Assem-
bly Fasteners
(b) Thread acceptabilityshall be based on the
threadacceptabilityparagraph in A N W A S M E
B1.3M with an A inspection level.