Department of Education

National Capital Region

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE

10 MARIKINA CITY

Science
Quarter 3 – Module 6
Evidence of Evolution

Vandon T. Borela

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 What I Need to Know

The purpose of this module is to help you understand how fossil records,
comparative anatomy, embryology, and genetic information provide evidence for
evolution.
After going through this module, you are expected to explain how fossil records,
comparative anatomy, and genetic information provide evidence for evolution.
S10LT-IIIf-39
Specifically, you are expected to:
 explain how fossil records provide evidence for evolution using images/pictures;
 explain how comparative anatomy and embryology provides evidence for
evolution using pictures; and
 explain how genetic information provides evidence for evolution.

What I Know
Read and answer each question. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which piece of evolution evidence deals with aged and identified fossils?
A. Comparative biochemistry C. Comparative anatomy
B. Comparative embryology D. Fossil record

2. Which piece of evolution evidence deals with similar molecules in related individual
species?
A. Comparative embryology C. DNA comparison
B. Comparative anatomy D. Fossil records

3. Which piece of evolution evidence deals with comparing similar structures in

various species?
A. Comparing biochemistry C. Comparing anatomy
B. Comparing embryology D. Fossil record

4. Which piece of evolution evidence deals with structures common in embryos that
form differently or for different purposes in adult form?
A. Comparing biochemistry C. Comparing anatomy
B. Comparing embryology D. Fossil record

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5. Which word is defined as the same structure in different species indicating a
common ancestor?
A. Homologous structures C. Vestigial structures
B. Analogous structures D. DNA

6. Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different
functions but similar structures. These are known as ______.
A. Homologous structures C. Vestigial structures
B. Analogous structures D. Fossil structures

7. Which organism has an early embryo that is easiest to distinguish from the others?
A. Bird B. Honey bee C. Human D. Snake

8. Which phrase best describes the process of evolution?

A. The development of characteristics in response to a need
B. The development of man from monkey-life ancestors
C. The change of simple to complex organisms
D. Change of populations through time

9. Using Table 1, which are most closely related?

Table 1: Hemoglobin comparison
Species Amino acid differences compared with human
Gorilla 1
Rhesus monkey 8
Mouse 27
Chicken 45
Frog 67
Lamprey 125
A. Rhesus monkey and Gorilla C. Gorilla and Mouse
B. Rhesus Monkey and Mouse D. Mouse and Frog

10. Which is NOT evidence provided by the fossil record for evolution?
A. The lower layers always show older species and the higher layers show newer
species
B. Fossils from one level never mix with fossils from another level
C. The fossils at the bottom show fish becoming birds
D. Different layers show changes in species

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Lesson Evidence of Evolution

What’s In

Let us now find out how much you remember from your previous lesson about the
mutation. Identify the type of mutations being described. Choose your answer in the box.

A. Deletions B. Insertions C. Missense D. Translocation E. Transversion

___________1. It results in frameshift when one or more base pairs are lost from the DNA.
___________2. It results in frameshift when one or more base pairs are added to the sequence.
___________3. This occurs when a purine is substituted with another purine or when
pyrimidine is substituted with another pyrimidine.
___________4. This occurs when a purine is substituted for a pyrimidine or a
pyrimidine replaces a purine.
___________5. Generation of a codon that specifies a different amino acid and hence
leads to a different polypeptide sequence.

What’s New
Activity: Fossil Records
You Will Need:
 Figure 1: Structure of skull and legs of Horse family
 Figure 2: Layers of the rocks and fossils of the organisms.

1. Study Figure 1: Structure of the skull and legs of Horse family, analyze the skull
and leg structure of dawn horse up to the modern horse.
Parts Equus (modern Pilohippus Merychippus Mesohippus Eohippus
horse) (dawn horse)
Skull

Legs

Figure 1: Structure of skull and legs of Horse family.

https://www.dentonisd.org/cms/lib/TX21000245/Centricity/Domain/667/evidence%20of%20evolution%20answers%20.pdf

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2. Answer the following questions.
1. What are the similarities of the skulls?
______________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the biggest changes in the skull anatomy that occurred from the dawn
horse to the modern horse?
______________________________________________________________________________
3. What are the similarities between the legs?
______________________________________________________________________________
4. What are the biggest changes in the leg anatomy that occurred from the dawn
horse to the modern horse?
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Study Figure 2: Layers of the rocks and fossils of the organisms. Look for the
location and age of the fossils.
4. Answer the following questions.

Guide Questions:
1. What are fossils are the oldest? How do you know?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Which layer is the oldest? Youngest?
________________________________________________________________________
3. What is your basis in determining the youngest and the oldest layer?
______________________________________________________________________________

Figure 2: Layers of the rocks and fossils of the organisms.

https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/fosrec/BarBar.html

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Activity: Comparative Anatomy and Embryology

You Will Need:

 Figure 3: Bone structure of organisms
 Figure 4: Embryo of animals
 Coloring materials
Part A: Comparative anatomy

1. Study Figure 3: Bone structure of organisms. Look for similarities among the
various animals.
2. Color each part of the human arm using the following colors:
Humerus- red Ulna -orange Metacarpal - green
Radius - blue Carpal – violet Phalanges - yellow

Figure 3: Bone structure of organisms

https://www.dentonisd.org/cms/lib/TX21000245/Centricity/Domain/667/evidence%20of%20evolution%20answers%20.pdf
3.Complete Table 2: based on Figure 3: Bone structure of organisms.

Animals Function of Structure

1. Human
2. Whale
3. Cat
4. Bat
5. Bird
6. Crocodile

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Guide Questions:

1. What do you notice about the bone structure of humans and animals in Figure 3?
______________________________________________________________________________
2. How will you describe the structure of the bone of each animal with its
functions?
______________________________________________________________________________

Part B: Comparative embryology

1. Study Figure 4: Embryology of humans and animals. Look for the similarities of
the structure and pattern of development.
2. Answer the guide questions.
Stages Animal embryos
Early-stage of
development

Mid-stage embryo

Mature embryo
(fetus)

Figure 4: Embryology of human and animals

https://www.dentonisd.org/cms/lib/TX21000245/Centricity/Domain/667/evidence%20of%20evolution%20answers%20.pdf

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 3. Complete Table 3: Anatomical Changes from Early to Late Stages base from
Figure 4: Embryology of human and animals.
Organisms Anatomical changes from early to late stages
1. Human
2. Chicken
3. Rabbit
4. Tortoise
5. Salamander
6. Fish

Guide Questions:
1. What physical similarities exist between each of the embryos?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How these embryos can be used as evidence of a common ancestor between
each of these six organisms?
___________________________________________________________________________

What Is It
Evolution is a change in the genetic makeup and often, the heritable features
of a population over time. Biologists sometimes define two types of evolution based on
scale. Macroevolution, which refers to large-scale changes that occur over extended
periods, such as the formation of new species and groups. Microevolution, which
refers to small-scale changes that affect just one or a few genes and happen in
populations over shorter timescales.

Evidence of Evolution

Fossils are the preserved remains of previously living organisms or their traces,
dating from the distant past. Fossils are often contained in rocks that build up in
layers called strata. The strata provide a sort of timeline, with layers near the top
being newer and layers near the bottom being older. Adaptation to changes in the
environment. Comparative anatomy, the comparative study of the body structures of
different species of animals to understand the adaptive changes they have undergone
in the course of evolution from common ancestors. Embryology serves as evidence of
evolution known as comparative embryology, which investigates the development of
organisms from fertilized egg to time of birth or hatching. Molecular genetics shows
that DNA and the genetic code reflect the shared ancestry of life. DNA comparisons
can show how related species are. Evidence of a common ancestor for all of life is
reflected in the universality of DNA. DNA sequences show the mechanisms of
evolution.

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 What’s More

Activity: DNA as evidence of evolution.

You Will Need:

 Table 4: DNA sequence Human, Chimpanzee, Gorilla, and common ancestor.

Directions:
1. Study Table 4: DNA sequence Human, Chimpanzee, Gorilla, and common
ancestor.
Organisms DNA sequences of hemoglobin
1. Common ancestor A-G-G-C-C-G-G-C-T-C-C-A-A-C-C-A-G-G-C-C
2. Human A-G-G-C-A-T-A-A-A-C-C-A-A-C-C-G-A-T-T-A
3. Chimpanzee A-G-G-C-C-C-C-T-T-C-C-A-A-C-C-G-A-T-T-A
4. Gorilla A-G-G-C-C-C-C-T-T-C-C-A-A-C-C-A-G-G-C-C
2. Answer the following questions.

Guide Questions:

1. How do the gorilla DNA and the chimpanzee DNA compare with the human
DNA?
____________________________________________________________________________
2. What do these data suggest about the relationship between humans, gorillas,
and chimpanzees?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Which DNA is most similar to the common-ancestor DNA?
____________________________________________________________________________

4. Which two DNAs were most similar in the way that they compared to the
common-ancestor DNA?
_____________________________________________________________________________

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 What I Have Learned

Complete Table 5 below by supplying the information.

Table 5: Type of Evidence of evolution
Type of Evidence How does it serve as evidence of evolution? Explain Examples
your answer.
1. Fossil
2. Anatomy
3. Embryology
4. DNA

What I Can Do

Complete the diagram by supplying the words.

Evidence of evolution

What are the What are the 3 What is the basis

What are the three bases of stages of for comparing the
types of fossils? comparative embryological DNA sequence of
anatomy? development? organisms?

1. 4. 7. 10.

2. 5. 8.

3. 6. 9.

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Guide Questions:
1. What is/are the importance of evidence used to explain the process of
evolution?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. As a student, how the evolution process affect your daily life?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Assessment
Match the descriptions in Column A to the words in Column B.

Column A Column B
1. The remains of a descendant organism that are
studied. A. Homologous structure
2. Comparing and contrasting body structures found
B. Analogous structure
in an organism.
3. Comparisons of the early development stages of an C. DNA evidence
organism.
4. Comparing similarities and differences between D. Comparative embryology
amino acid sequences in two organisms.
5. The more alike the structures are the more closely E. Comparative anatomy
related the organisms are to one another.
F. Fossils

Additional Activities

Performance Task.

Choose one among the pieces of evidence of evolution. Search the latest
examples or development of the chosen evidence of evolution. Create an infographic
showing the latest development of the study or discovery.

Rubrics for scoring

Content (10 pts) Accurate and detailed information is provided.

Organization (10 pts) Information are systematically organized, and it is easy for the
reader to understand
Visual Appeal (5 pts) Letter, colors, images, layouts, and other visual elements help
in the expressing overall idea of the infographics

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 Posttest

Read and answer each question and encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. The most important finding from the fossil record which supports the theory of
evolution is ______.
A. That ancient species differed from those alive today.
B. That life has evolved.
C. That most species are extinct.
D. That life evolved in the ocean.

2. Bird wings and insect wings are considered to be ______.

A. Homogenous structures. C. Analogous structures.
B. Homologous structures. D. Vestigial structures.

3. The wing of the bat and the forelimb of the dog are said to be homologous
structures. This indicates that ___.
A. They are structures that are similar due to common ancestry
B. The limb bones of each are anatomically identical
C. Bats evolved from a lineage of dogs
D. They have the same function

4. Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different
functions, but similar structures. These are known as ______.
A. Homologous structures C. Vestigial structures
B. Analogous structures D. Fossil structures

5. Scientists think that dolphins and whales may have evolved from a common
ancestor. What evidence supports this hypothesis?
A. They live in the same area of the ocean. C. They swim the same way.
B. They have similar anatomies. D. They eat the same food.

6. If a scientist were to find 4 fossils that appear to be of the same ancestor, what can
be concluded?
A. Members of the group living today live together.
B. Fossils were found in the same rock layer.
C. Fossils have similar characteristics.
D. Number of each fossil is similar.

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7. The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers.
Which of these statements about the age of these
fossils are most likely correct?
A. Fossil A and C are the same age
B. Fossils A is older than fossil B
C. Fossil B is older than fossil C
D. Fossil D is older than fossil C

For numbers 8-9, study Table 6:

Species Pairs Percent divergence in a selected DNA sequence
Human – Chimpanzee 1.7
Human – Gorilla 1.8
Human – Orangutan 3.3
Human – Gibbon 4.3
Human – Rhesus monkey (Old 7.0
world monkey)
Human – Spider monkey (New 10.8
world monkey)
Human - Tarsier 24.6

8. Based on Table 6, which of the primates is most distantly related to a human?

A. Rhesus monkey B. Spider monkey C. Chimpanzee D. Tarsier

9. Based on Table 6, which of the primates has the most recent common ancestor to
humans?
A. Chimpanzee B. Orangutan C. Tarsier D. Gorilla

10. The diagram illustrates the embryonic stage of two

organisms. Which of the following can be
determined by observing the embryos
shown in the diagram?
A. The organisms will grow into anatomically similar
Adults.
B. The organisms are native to the same geographic
areas.
C. The organisms share a common ancestry.
D. The organisms belong to the same genus.

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 Answer Key

LESSON 1

What I can do
1. Bone
2. Resin
3. Leaf Students answer may vary
4. Homologius structure What I have Learned
5. Analogous structure
6. Vestigial structure Students’ answers vary.
7. Early stage What’s More
8. Mid-stage
9. Late stage/Fetus students’ answers vary.
10. Amino acid anatomy and embryology
sequence/nucleotide Activity 2: Comparative
sequence. Activity 1: Fossil Records
Assessment What’s New

1. F C 5.
2. E E 4.
3. D D 3.
4. C B 2.
5. A A 1.
What’s In

References

Acosta, Herma. et al. Science 10 Learner’s Material. 1st Edition ed., Pasig City,
Department of Education, 2015.

http://www.biologyreference.com/Co-Dn/Development.html#b#ixzz2stPBHWw9
http://www.iq.poquoson.org

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 Development Team of the Module
Writer: Vandon T. Borela

Content Editors: Alma B. Castaño

Jessica S. Mateo
Language Editor: Merian A. Dizon
Cover Illustrator: Lian Joseph A. Domingo
Illustrator: Michele Dioquino
Layout Artists: Guiller P. Belen
Jemwel Dela Paz
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Jessica S. Mateo
EPS-Science

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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