(@) A student collects some data forthe reaction of H,O, with aciifed 10, as shown inthe table. experinnt | alcirs | mati | imate |" Ynotemss + | cose | ooro0 | 0025 147x102" 2 | e100 | pore | aos | 204-10 3 [ero [ e100 | aoe | se0x 10 2 [ers | oso | 00a [aan 10 (Use ine data to determine tne order of reaction wih respect to [H,0,), [10, and (H) ‘Show your reasoning. order with respect 1 HO] = ene a IMA: first order wit. H,Oz AND change in cone. x 1.6 gives increase rate x 1.5 (expts 3/4) St order W-r1. 10s" AND change in conc. x 2 gives increase rate x 2 (2s reaction frst order w.rt HzOz) (@xpts 1/3) IMS: zeroth order w.rt. HAND change in cone. has no effec on rate (expts 13/4 and 2) (19) Use your answer to (4) to wite the rats equation for this reacton, rate =. Fate = KH2O2]Os] CCF nnn (I(Ui) Coleuiate the value of therate constant, k using data from experiment 4 and yeur answer to(ayii). ‘Give the unis of = 8.82 x 10+ (0.150 x0.140) = 4.20 x 10-* min 2sfect MZ: mor"ams" ect (b) The equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide without a catalyst is shown. 2H,0,(aq) > 2H,0(l) + 0,{9) Under certain conditions this reactionis found to be firstorder with respectto hydrogen peroxide, with 2 rate constant, k, of 2.0 x 10s" at 208K. Calculate the initial rate of decomposition of a 0.75moldm’ hydrogen peroxide solution at 298K. initial rate -moldar’s~* [4] rate = 2.0 x 10 x 0.75 = 1.5x 10%(c) A four-step mechanism is suggested for the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and iodide ions in an acidic solution. step1 H,0,+I > 10° + H,0 step2 H' + 10° + HIO step3 HIO + I > I, + OH step4 OH +H" > HO ‘Step 1 Is the rate-determining step. (0) State what is meant by the term rate-determining step. (il) Use this mechanism to construct a balanced equation for this reaction. (1) Deduce the order of reaction with respect to each of the following. ve (1 [Total: 7] slowest step in overall reaction HiO2 + 2H" + 20> be +2H.0 OR H.02 + 2HI 9b +2H:0 H:02= 1 AND AND H’=0(g) lodate(V) ions react with sulfite ions in acicic solution at pH 5.00 as shown. IO, + 380, + Ir + 380, The initial rate of reaction was found to be first order with respect to I0-". first order with respect to SO;* and first order with respect to H*. (Write the rate equation for this reaction, stating the units of the rate constant, k. rate = moldms* units of k= “ai (ii) The rate of reaction depends on the pH of the solution. Assume all other concentrations remain the same. _ _ fate at pH 5.00 Use the expression x = TEE =r pera 00 1 caleulate the value of x 1) M1 Rate = k{lOs [SOF ]IH'] M2 units = mol?dm's 0.101 Nitrogen meneise, NO, roars withoxygento frm nrogen oxide, NO, 2NO{a) + 04g) c+ 2NO¥) “Te ate equation forthe forward reaction i shown. rate = NORIO. (0) Conplet the flowing bie the eer of reacion wih respect to|NO} ‘he cre of reaction wih respect tof the overal née fraction () Twoseprate xperinets ere cared os a'30‘C te deerinetheateo he forward reacton ‘ecpenment| (NO|imoam= | [imovam= | ralermotam== 1 o.c0300 0.00200 151x107 2 ‘0.00500 605x107 ©) Use thedataforexperinen! io clculate fe value oft ne coratat Stoo th unite of (9) Caleaas the value Olin experiment role [1] ‘the order of reaction with respect 0 [NO} ‘the order of reaction with respect 0 [02] the overal order of reaction ALL CORRECT [1] = (1.51 x 10-)/(0,00¥ x 0.00200) k= 8369 [1] min 251 mot? ams" (1), £8400 = (6.05 x 10) (2 x 0.005) x= V (6.05 x 10°5)/ (8400 x 0.005) X= 0.00120//4.20 x 10° [1] min 2s ect from Qtbi slowest) [1](6) Parone arm 9,0, rect with deere, SO + 2 + 2507 +1, “Tae ata ep or hs rncion nt sane of eae i shan, at = S010] (@ Suggest equations fora two-step mechansm for his reston, stating which of he wo ops iste ate-detrmning step. stop (8) larg excess of perros ions s mtedwithioie ons. Inmediately storming, IF] 0.00780 mold Under te condtiors used, the hale of [is 48 seconds. Cleat the iodide ion concertraton 192 seconds ater the perexodsutate and iodide ‘Sneare maod. ‘correct RDS identified as step 1 with only one 8,0, and one ¥- [1] ‘overall mechanism adds up to chemical equation and no cancellable species on LHS /RHS in each ofthe equations [1] M2 DEP on one $05" and one fin step 1 ag. step 1S:0 41° SOe+S0d- — RDS= step 1 stop 2 SO" +P SOP +1 ro. of va = 192/48 =4 [1] =0.0078/16= 4.9 x 10~ [1] min 2st4) The ra ofthe reaction (a) + 1g) = 2HIQ) i studied (2) Asmat amount of (q's mixed wi a large excess of L(g) at a temperature of 4C0K and the ‘eacton is monltorec. The graph obtained s1own 10 e rave ‘concantaten aH) 2 "Sa 40 6 8) 100 120 149 180 180 200 20 240 tine conde (). Soggest anya large excess of Lg) I used ths experiment. " (i) The reacions test order with respectto Hi) Use data rm the gph to confi the eatemert ‘80 it won't change /so it stays constant [1] constant halfsife/ both half-ives = 45—55 [1] {wo half-lives taken (evidence needed) [1]() Three separate experiments were carried out a 400% win aferent staring cancentatons of Hi(@) and Ligh The reeute are shown the tble. experiment] p4yen/moiam® | (igy/menam | ‘3 limecton i Tori | tonto | 20x10 tonto" [| t0n107 | 90-10 3on107 | soni | son (0) Use the data, and the order of reaction wit respect o H,(q) ven i (ai to deduce the ‘order of reacion wih respest to 11g) Explain your anewar ghing data in suppot ol your explanation - co ene EBL (1) Use irformaton trom (a(t) are your answer to (byl) 10 write the rate equation forthe orward reaction. B10 enn . ennennneeeccec EA (l)_Uce your rate equation and data from experiment 1 to caleate the value ofthe rate first order [1] ‘any two rows of data quoted, effect of [Hs] specified [1] effect of [le] specified and linked to first order [1] rate = KKH 2] 0} 2 10-9 [1] mot dm? s“*(1]16) At 400K the rate constant fr the forward reaction is approximately 1600 times crear than the rate constant forthe backward teaclon. The oveal orders ofthe fonaard and backward reasons are he same. fomardreactin —H,(q) + fa) -> 2HK(o) backward readion 2HIlg) -» Hula) + Lia) (0) Use ns iformaton o explain wnat wt happen If equal concentrations of HI), H{g)and 1g) ae mined 2 400K. ‘You should comment on: ‘he tela nial ais of he forward anc backward reactens 12 the poston af the equilbrium reached. (8) 81700K the rte constant forthe forward resstion le approximately 60 times greater than ‘the raleconsiantfor he backward easton. Use is information ane tne iniorraton in (() to deduce the signs of the AM values ct the forward and backward reactions. Explain your anewer (otat 12) forward reaction is faster than backward reaction and reaches equilibrium on product side Ito the right [1] forward reaction is negatve AND backward reacton is positive [1] ‘equiilbrium position further left at higher T [1]2. When CINO, reacts wit NO an equiibrum s established, CINOYg) + NO{g) + NOYg) + CINOG) {In each CINO, molecule the ritragen atom is bonded othe chlorine stom ard bonded to each of the oxygen aioms separately. (2) Draw ‘dot ane-crose’ diagram for he CINO, melecule, (b) The reaction between CINO, and NO is fist erder wih respect to each reactant. (1) Write tho rate equation for this reaction. rate . - ntnnenntnininnnennennnnnes ( (i) Deduce the units of the rate constant, k, when the concertrations of both gases are measured in malcim® and the rate is measured in moldms~ escnctnnenininnnncees A |W) State and explain whether or net the reaction could take lace ina ingle stop, tos rN te ae ato Mi: eight electrons around N atom [N=0, N-O, N-Clwith N-O as dative] (Mz: all other electrons correct (ate=)K{CINO_INO} mol" dm? s*1 ‘Yes AND number of moles of reactants in overall equation is the same as order in rate equationOne ee ee eee re es oes oriteae aeacaone (Sim gn on gi ew owe cen ot CD, en a 25:10" tor108 ‘+ straight line with a negative gradiant ‘¢ starting at 2.0 «10% © reaches at 1.8 10 at 0.2 seconds ‘Award 1 mark for two points, award 2 marks for all three points 2 10°5 (mol de®) ‘The reaction has reached equiliorium2 (a) Explain what is meant by the following terms. halflife ofa €8CH0R cece . - rate determining $09 eevee . - - a (®) The reaction detween nyaroxde ions ana bromometnane Is frst raer with respect to [OH] and frst order with respect to [OH,8r. CH.Er + OH + CHOH + Br ‘Suggest a practical memod that would contrm that the reaction 1s nrst order with respect to [oF] + Your method should include details of measurements that would be taken in order to ‘caculate the rate ofthe reacton, + You should include a motnod of presenting the resus to show thatthe reaction is frat ‘order with respect to [OH (M1: the time taken for the amounticancentration or a reactant to halve (M2: the slowest siep Use an of CHBr (Several experiments with) different initial [OH] ccontrol/ equilibrate temperatures measure time find [OH] by sample and titrate or use of pH probe ‘or find [Br] by sample and reference to use of Ag" ‘+ processing of results — plot graph of [OH] vs rate or evaluate rate is proportional to [OH] numerically{(€) The hycrolyss of methy! ethanoate, CH,CO.CH,, by hydroxide ions, OH, is frst order with respect o [CH,CO,CH,] and also fst order with respec: to[OH J. Ina paricular experiment [CH.CO,CHJ= 0.100moldm* [OF] =0.100moam= rate of easton = 2.06 ~ 10° mode", \Wite arate equation fortis reaction and calculate the value ofthe rate constant, k, under ‘these condliors, State the units of K. ate = oa Mit: rate =kfester][OH] (Mz: value of k=0.206 (M3: units mot‘em's-* (c)_ The rate of the reaction was measured at various concentrations of the two reactants, NO and Br, and the following results were obtained, experiment | (NO\/moldar? | [Br,]/moldnr |, nial rate 1 0.03 0.02 34x 107 2 0.03) 0.04 68x 109 3 0.09 0.08 64x 107 4 02, 0.06 tobe caleulated ‘The general form of the rate equation for this reaction is as follows. rate = k{NO}{Br,}* (i) What is meant by the term order of reaction with respect to a particular reagent? fythe power to which a concentration of a reactant is raised inthe rate equation (Vin ean nt te oes te wnt san bint tenon, ‘Show ours (Usted neta cet i ae for expiant me (6) Un erect geen ae econ. ei econ (47 actin ten and ‘Tieton quence! sepsis a pote mechremlor He vectan swt av Be ee e100 ‘Sep ti be some step ine mechani, educa eae st mandninte atesauaton using expt. Zand 3 a= 2 oF [NO] 2nd order land conc x rate « 9 or 6.1 x 10*/6.8 x 10° = (0.09/0.03)" using expt 1and 2 b= 1 or [Br] 1" order and conc x 2 rate x 2. or 6.8 x 10°/3.4 x 10° = (0.04/0.02)° initial rate = 0.18(32) (0.0034 = K(0.09)40.02)) 198.9 moldm?s decreases (as rate decreases) m=2andn=0(©) The reaction between CIO, and F, is shown. 2010, + F, + 2C10,F ‘The rate of the reaction was measured at various concentrations of the two reactants and the following results were obtained. experiment] [ctogrmotdm> | —(Fj/moiam> |, alate 0.010 0.060 220x107 2 0.025 0.060 to be calculated to be calculated 0.040 7.04 x 10° ‘The rate equation is rate = kICIO,IF,) (What is meant by the term order of reaction with respect to a particular reagent? the exponent power to which a concentration is raised in the rate equation(Use terete rine tae ee irr biarecon a cont. = voi a (Use eta be clan + eins ate merpetmest 2, 1+ [Closmesesinent3 woe net (2) @) Watis ment be erm ateemiing a? (0) The equation fore clon ten CIO, nd, show, 2010, +F, + 20107 tae 2(03F) ‘eigen equine twos of: nectar stg we hwo tgs ‘eraedeemnna tes wept (e) Sy snore te rae eaten. expla wy the ae inaeases wih nzessng rena (0.0022 = k (0.01) « (0.08)) k=37 (367) mot dm? s intial rate = 5.50 « 10° [c10g = 0.048 slowest step (in a multi-step reaction) “Ima of F, and 1 mole C10, reacting in the rate-cetermining step ‘1st step is rate-determining step and a balanced mechanicm consistent with overall equation eg.ClO: + F2 — C1O.F: CIOs + CIO.Fs —- 2C10.F or CIO; + Fs > CIOF + F ClO. + F > CIOF Kincreases (as rate increases)(2) Ethanel, CH,CHO, cimerisoa in akalne solution according to tho fellowing equation. ‘2CH,CHO > CH,CHIOH)CH,CHO ‘The intial rate ofthis reaction was measured, starting wit diferent concentratons of CH,CHO and Off. The folowng results were obtained w ay f@) @ iniialrate of reaction | [CH,CHO}/motam= | [oH Jimedn | Haan ot acs 0.10 2015 020 ‘0015 2 040 0030 8 Dedce the order of the reaction with respect io CH,CHO. - - - - cenntineinnenrennenenennnee (A Deduce the order cf the reaction with respect io OH raie= - - - - connie [A] ‘State the units forthe rate constant, k connec: AD Calcuite the intial ate of reaction (relative value) for a reaction where the [CH,CHO] is ‘0.3omotam? and [OH is 0.030motam * 1" order (ii) 1" order rale = k[CHsCHOJIOH] (iv) mol" dm’s* (or per any suitable time unit) calculation from candidate's answer to (ill) (expected answer = 6)(©) ()Atiee-step mechanism nas been preposed forthe reaction in (a). p ‘stop 1 cu + GH tH Ho \ \ \ - § é ‘step 2 cH—c + tHe cH—c—cH,—cl \ te \ *s | \ i A i 3 OH | - I sees cea + HO OF 4 M A Using your rate equation in li), predict which is the rate-determining step, Expain your answer. ratedeermining step (b) (i) | rate-determining step: step 1 explanation: both reactant species are in step 1 /rate-determining step4 Clere donde undernes ne blownareadionin sees slut 2010, + 20H" + G10 + Cry + HO ‘Tel ae ft rencontre cnr 10, ed eveinect| maar | rman _| etc (a. ata ebieo ate erate eto stoi eer a ae (09 @ Erpiint anteaoe batan ttangenois and homogenate ‘experiments 1 and 2: doubling [C10,] quadruples the rato, so second order ‘experiments 2 and 3: doubling [OH] doubles the rate, so fret order rate equation = HCIO, {OH} ‘rom experiment t 2: 0.34 ~ 10 = 2.50 = 10%}* 1.90» 10" KE 115» 10° units: mora? = heterogeneous catalysis are in diferent physical state from the reactants AND homogeneous catalysts are in the seme physical state as the reactants(W Compiee e uig ks (/)tondeatewhatar Be cial sed he racion b ‘emegensousorhamagenesss “ated ea Teizoawienn | honoanen renal ntngen auies Fonear ease noe (@) Sonereactonsarecstaysdby se ote prasich of ieteacton This cated aula ‘Avoxmpie of ucetays he macon twoe sdb megarteV i) rs, Oy ‘Sa ehanasice aes, (COW), "lone claus ta enchn Te acon sow Be Diane ofe eae (0 Banc the equatnfri tos ee + (i) Teg som (COM, Mie +c, ee xncenatonsme ra fei enc (onineates new seu ne cuve you uoulcenecto he ost eacsnin‘catalysed reaction heterogeneous ‘manufacture of ammonia in the Haber process removal of nlzogen axides from ear exausts ‘oxidation of aulur dioxe inthe atmosphere 2MnO.” + GH + 5(COH), — 2Mr® + 1000, + 8H,0 ‘correct Mn : (CO;H). ratio rest of equation ‘rst section: fatter ‘second section: steeper, before flattening = —(8) Desrte,wintesid ot retort agra, eet ofa ctsytons eresble ‘Reston Sages way caps weaned hal poco (Tm raston fore Haber cae topos nei shoe, Ng) + 84g eA Ae) ares AL50°C, when gress messed in arcspres, he mune ve for is Seaton ties tO" 1 wn re epresiontor Kf is equttasn Ke + Geosremspena renee toqutnam ast wnenmepealpesave diagram catalyst lowers E, for both the forward and reverse reactions ‘so the process requires less energy/can occur at a lower temperature 1 = (PNHAFION,)H,)” 4.45 x 107 = (pNH,)? / 20 « 60 x 60 « 60 pNHs =7.91TW Nona Eady wih Ong 2NO(G) + O,g) > 2NOJg) “The table showshow the intial rate of tis reaction at 25°C depends on the inttalconcentvations of tne reactants. initial concentration/moldm? | initia rate INO) (Og) __|_moldm?s*t 0.100 0.0500 350 0.0500 0.100 175 0.0500 0.0500 037s (i) Deduce the order of reaction with respect to each reactant. Explain your reasoning. order with respect to [NO(Q)} ees order with respect t0 [0.(Q)} neo (li) State therate equation for this reaction. Usethe rate equation to calculate the rate constant. Include the unts for the rate constant in your answer. rate [Mi from 3rd and 1st rows as [NO] x2 , rate increases x 4, so order = 2 (M2 from 3rd and 2nd rows as [02] x 2, rate also x 2, so order = 1 rate = KINOF{O} k= rate! ([NOF{Oz}) = 3.5/ (0.01 » 0.05) = 7000 units: mol? dmé st5 (@) Chlorate) ions undergo the folowing reaction under aqueous condiions. 2NH, + CIO” > NAH, + CI + HO. ‘Aseries of experiments was carried out at diferent concentrations of CIO and Ni. “The table shows the esults obtained. (C107 on Tnital ate expenment| sola | imam? | _Imoldm=s* 0200 (0.100 0256 2 0.400 (0200 205 3 0.400 (0.400 B20 (Use tne data in ne lable to determine the cider wih respect to each reactan’, CIO-and NH. ‘Show your reascning (Write the rate equation for his reaction rates - een soe a cn (1 (U) Use the resubs cf experiment 1 to calculate the rato constant, k fortis reaction. Include the unts of k ‘Mt: using expt 2 and 3, [NHs] x 2. rate x 4 so order with respect to [NH] = 2 ‘M2: using expt 1 and 2, [CIO"] x 2 and [NH] «2, as rate x 8 (=22* x) so order with respect to [CIO] = 1 rate = KNH:F{CIO] (MA: k= 0.256 /(0.200 x 0.100%) k=128 its dm mol2orate constant, k temperature m (b) Inanother experiment, the reaction between chloate() ions and iodide ions in aqueous alkali was investigated ‘solution cf iodide ions in aqueous akall was added to alarge excess of chiorate) ions end. TT] was measured at regular intervals. ()Descrite how the resuls ofthis experiment can be used to confer thatthe reaction is {rstorder with respect [F] ‘Athree-step mecranism for this reacton s snown. step 1 CIO“ + HO > HCIO + OF step2 T+ HOIO > HIO + Cr step HIO + OH + Hi + 10 (i) Use this mechanism to desuce the overall equation fortis reaction ee (ii) entity a step that involves a redox reaction. Explain your answer. curve /line showing k increasing as temperature increases, MM: plot a graph of [I+] against time ‘M2: constant haifsives ClO +b = 10+ cr step 2 and Clis reduced/ oxid no. decteases /oxid no. +1 — ~ or slep 2 and I 's oxicised /oxd no. increases /oxid no. —1 > +14) The inital cate of reaction for propanone and iodine in acd solution 's measured in a series of ‘expariments ata consan! tenpecatue. cocoon, + 1, 2 crcocis + Ht Thera euaton nas detmine epeienty a bees shown ‘rate = k{CH,COCH,JH") (0) Steerer ofoacton wth mapetio = chcoct,....... ia {) The role ofthe reaction 6.40 « 10mold se" when ‘© the concentration of CH,COCH, is 1 50 10? molden* the concentaton of I is 1.25 « 10 mola the concentration of ie 778» 10° older () Calculate therate constant, or his action. State the unis otk. (M) Completeinetatie by placing one tck ) neach owto cescibe ihe elect of decreasing {the tomperatureon tho rate constant and on the ate of reaction. decreases rocane [increases rate of reaction CH.COCH, = 1 be re overall order= 2 M1Sorders [1] ___ M2 overall order based on their M1 [1] k= 5.40 x 10° /(1.50 x 10 x 7.75 « 10-1) k= 0.46(452) [1] ‘om? mots" [1] 2sf min decreases | no change rate constant | v rate of reaction v(4 Seman. gaphepdandtih te ow be nin, ge ig ° eaconny draw a tangent at time, t=9 [1] measure the gradient/ slope of the tangent [1] straight line graph starting at 0,0 and showing rate a [CH;COCHS| [1](0) The rate of a reaction between metal ions was studied. The following three-step mechaniem thas been suggested for this reaction. Step 1 is the rate-determining step. step 1 Cet + Mn® + Ce™ + Mam step 2 Cem + Mn > Ge* + Mint stop 3 Matt + TI 4 TES + Mn (i) Explain the meaning of the term rate-cetermining step. o see o o o " (ii) Use this mechaniam to ‘© determine the overall equation for this reaction ‘= suggest the role of Mn" ions in this mechanism. Explain your answer, slowest step /reaction (in the mechanism) [1] 2Co* + TP. TH + 200 [1] catalyst and (used in step 1 and) regenerated / reformed in step 3 /end of the reaction [1]2. Nogen moss, NOL) ace wibhyoges, Mig ect sndion. OK) + HY) Na) + HOW (2) Sete nem ate oct 0 (2) erty 0 range the reson mabe at woud enable he ate fi econo Be “rata equton trientine meaner ‘Theres ct ancapernet i whi NO reacted wh stow in Be ae Te OTatane” [amare | waa etc mela 250.10" 2511 12a (6) Usenet er atin es ae icone 0 SiSocto'ndan hevusimedersatarassts tomar Catadte inal concetaon a NOK, ‘ta concern oN) = ae change in amount /mass/ concentration of reactant/ product pertime decrease in volume or pressure 8.13 x 10°/81280/81300 mot dm®| -F(0.00281/ (0.0048 x 81280)) 2.49 x 10°(6) ‘State the order ofthe caaction with respect to NO\g) snd with respect to H,ig), and he overat ‘order ofthe reacton. No ray loveral order 1 (1) The reacton beteveaoproceeain vee stops. 1 NO -+N0, 2 NO, +H, + NO+HO 2 NO+H m+ HO (0) Deatce wir ofthe vee steps she rate-determinng step, 21,3 2 the total of steps 1 and 2/ the components of 2 are two NO and one Hz(@) A ted exeimet spectra ure ert sndio A uma ansnt of ) of ‘Wigs neta ves comnhatte 20) snare head ans (Dako tt rie ” (8) Use tee noe a soni 2 gag te ion he oncon 5) apraie (0) NO) a sea cat necaton atmperc str ode (0) ue tommorrow Ng} eae thts time for amount or mass or concentration o halve (0.02 at start ang 0.01 after 2 seconds 0.005 after & seconds ard 0.0025 after 6 seconds NO + % 02 -+ NO; or NO +0; —+NO2 + % O2 ‘AND NO, + 80; —+ NO +805 (NO is) regenerated /reformed ‘SO, + H,0 — H,S0, AND acid rain or consequence of this described2 lone rors Iisa elon bownsas teat wihtvroen ses de eran concn cla + Hfe) + 2H8 + Ye) ‘Soninene a peter ui ent ssn cocertaons ct Ilard HT al ted exahracin sense The lowng reut ae sane cerpeiment | pearmatan> | yrmaam> | berate Tee ae ee (seta cag ag pot een me, woe anvere de © (0) Use oan ne eo stow hat Me reatan ited wih eect H/o) colorimetry / (change) in colour / less light transmission / measure absorbance Exp 1 and 2: rate x 1.75 and [Ha] « 1.75 (when [ICI] no change) or calculation eg.: order = (0.007 / 0.004)/(1.75/ 1.00) = 1 or Exp 1 and 8: aie « 25 and [H.] x 2.5 (when [IC] no change) or Exp 2 and 3: rate » 10/7(1.43) and [H,] x 10/ 7(1.43) (when [IC] no change) Exp4 and 5: rate x 1.4 and (ICQ « 1.4 (when [H.] no change) or calculation (rate=) KEITH)(Use experiment’ caealae a num valu othe va cantante tH (9) Thereacton 2ICI(a) + H.(g) > 24g) + Laie fist crder wi respecte ICQ) ance der wth respect fH). ‘Suggest a mechanism fo ths reacton. You should assume |+ nemecnantmnas wostens, 2 eet topic much ewer than he second 2p. fist step {g) Ao atematve method ie used to show that he reaction fest rer wit respect to Hg). This ‘meted usesa lage excess Cl) ard measures how tte concentrator of Hg) vaneswth (Describe two ways of using hese resus o show th eacionis fst eer wih respect to H(@)eoncentaton ICI+H, —HCI+ HI or ICI+H, ICH, or ICI+ H;— la + CH, HI+IC! + HCI+ or ICH; + ICI 2HCI+ Ly or CH, + ICI» 2HC1+ Vlypart mark 1: plot a graph of concentation of [H,] against time ppartmark 2: constant hafsfe (showing itis ‘st order) part mark 3: craw tangent AND cetermine gracient (on cone vs time graph) or draw two tangents to dotormine two gradiants {rate} (on cone ve tine graph) part mark 4: {conc 1 (at me 1)/eone 2 (a ine 2) = gradient | /gracient 2 artmark: plot a graph oats aganst concontation oH] partmark 6: gives @ stage trough he oxgin of graph fr pat mark S 2parts = 1 mare 3 parts = 2 marks 4 pans = 3 marks {ICM doesnt change or {ICI only changes slightly provides an alternate route of lewer actvation energy, fr to lower E, and more molecules wit E> E,“eect at cn phan nyo pen pha GHCHOICH, + OF CHOHEH, «cr separa panna ‘erate th reacion an oe sit by mesure te avout ere onthe eran ‘euter ats gon ime. eteacon co once) ec Sopp sour mata wit (9 ora muta at yg ef i acon a epee JO gerbe blown. ‘f guton co ta ont greene bees A SSSI, a2 Bem scnyteme mie (0. Ded te cr etn mth pet ea o[HCHEICHJ and OH Seta your eng ter in spect IG HCHCION)‘Any ofthe three methods possible. Any 4 ofthe 5 points for each method available for maximum 4 marks. Method + Ensure both solutions (A and B) at 40°C before mixing mix known volumas of A and B and start ie cock ‘at known ime take out a sample /X and add it to ice-cold solvent Tivata against HCE repeat at time at known time intervals oeene Method 2 41) Ensure both solutions (A and B) at 40°C before mixing 2 mix known volumas of A and B and start ie cock 3 atknown time pour ino ice-cold solvent or pour ice-cold solvent in 4 irate aganst HCL 5 repeat wth different concentrations of ether A or B, or repeat using different times Method 3 41 Ensure both solutions (A and B) at 40°C before mixing 2. mix known volumes of A and B and start the clock and add pH meter 3 ateknowniime 45. record tha pH 5 _ repeat pH readings at known time intervals ‘rom 1 and 3: whon [RCI] is robied,s0 is rato, 60 order w.rt. [RCH] = {om 1 and 2: when both concentrations are coubled, rale doubles so [OH] has no effect on rate, so order w.tL{OH] = 0 (li) Write the rate equation for this reaction, stating the units of the rate constant, k. rate = molds"! units of (il) Calculate the relative rate for experiment 4 relative rate for experiment 4 = tt rate = KIRCI] AND units: seo" 1/s, relative rate = 2.0(€) Therate of the reaction wae macoured at diferent intial concantratione ofthe two reagents. The table shows the results obtained epemen] HRCECCHIT maa | reamerae 1 coe oe 2 2 exo aos ° 3 208, 005 $ r coe oot | be clad (0. Deduce te order of reacton wit respect to each of [CH,CH,CHCICH,] and [=]. Explan your reasoning, ‘order with respect io [CH,CH,CHCICH ....... a {)_ Wit the rate equation for this reaction, stating the units of the raie constant, k. FE ncnnennctnnnnnnnneneeneenes MOISES! UNS OF A= nnn 1 (il) Calcuiate the relative rate for experiment 4. relative rate for experiment 4 = secre UA IR-CZf tate increases by 6/3 when concentration increases by 10/6 (5/3), {1 rate increases by 5/3 when concentration increases by 5/3, ‘ale = HP TICH:CH.CHCICH.] AND units of k= di? mot relatva rata =5/8.3