ARML 2003 Team Round... Power Question... Individual Round... Relay Round. Super Relay Tiebreakers. -237- 239 246 253 . 257 260 . 265THE 28" This year there were 25 teams in Division A and 72 teams in Division B for a total of 99 teams involving close to 1600 students. There were teams from India and the Philippines but no teams from Taiwan this year due to SARS. There was a very spirited competition ir Division A for the national championship. Going into the relays Thomas Jefferson trailed San Francisco Bay A by 6 points, 131 to 137, but with 24 points on the relays, TJ surged ahead, winning 155 to 153. In Division B Connecticut A won easily with 112 points, but there was spirited competition for second and third with 3 teams bunched very close together. Lehigh Valley prevailed for second place. ‘Sam Baethge of Texas received the received the Samuel Greitzer Distinguished Coach Award. Sam has long been associated with ARML and in 1997 he received the Alfred Kalfus Founder's Award in recognition of his stalwart and enthusiastic support Tatiana Shubin and Marilyn Blockus received the Alfred Kalfus Founder's Award for their fine and tireless work in setting up the new western site at San Jose State University. ‘The following received the Zachary Sobol Award for their outs:anding contributions to their teams: Dominic Albino Western Massachusetts Eve Drucker AAST Robert Ikeda Southern California David Vincent Phillips ExeterARML Team Questions — 2003 Ts. 16. TH, wi Ng and Nhas 9 factors, determine the least positive integer value for b Starting at 11:44 A.M., Tony walked for S miles. He noticed that his average speed, expressed in minutes and seconds per mile, was numerically equal to the time at which he stopped if he thought ofthe hour as ‘minutes and the minutes as seconds. Compute the time at which he stopped. ABCD is a quadrilateral with mZDAB = 90°, mZBCD =138°, BC = 3,and CD = 2¥9. Compute the ‘maximum possible area of ABCD. Let {1.2....2425}. Compute the numberof elements in he largest subst of S such that no two cclements in the subset differ by the square of an integer. ‘A square is divided into 24 congruent rectangles as shown. On each side of the i dotted line 4 rectangles are chosen at random and colored black. The squate is then folded over the dotted line. Compute the probability that exactly one pair of black rectangles is coincident Let the faces of a unit cube be the six planes x = 0, O.x = Ly = 1.2 = 1. Compute the ‘ales of rsuch thatthe points (1, 2.1) and (21,1) have muple equl-length shortest paths connecting them along the faces of the unit cube, In trapezoid ABCD the perimeter is 600, all sides are integers, AB = BC = CD, and AD is the longest side, Ifthe area of ABCD equals AWE for kan integer, compute k th debe | debe GOI (ngs FOU? (gg 75703. (2480)5%, Compute the Lids. Let 23" = (2423 value of x + y Assume that as a cubical bar of soap is used, all edges shrink at a constant rate of units per day. Starting ‘with a full bar, the soap was used for 6 days and its surface area was cut in half, Starting witha full bar of| soap, compute exactly the time it would take for the volume to become one-eighth of the original volume. ARMLovian, the language of the fair nation of ARMLovia, consists only of words using the leters A, R.M, and L. The words can be broken up into syllables that consist of exactly one vowel, possibly surrounded by & single consonant on either or both sides. For example, LAMAR, AA, RA, MAMMAL, MAMA, AMAL, LALA, MARLA, RALLAR, and AAALAAAAAMA are ARMLovian words, but MRLMRLM, MAMMMAL, MMMMM, L, ARM, ALARM, LLAMA, and MALL are not ‘Compute the number of 7-leter ARMLovian words, 23910. 12:48 Se 1025 10 224 I = = 45925 495 240Solutions to the ARML Team Questions — 2003 Ts. 14. Ts, 121, = 8 +2b+1 =(b+1)?. Since 3° has (2 H1)(2+1) = 9 factors and itis less than 24)? which also has 9 factors, then h = [5] the finished at x minutes past 12 then he walked for 16+ x minutes. Setting his average in minutes per bir yt meio eine he opt expel as mins es EE ne tures = 48. He stopped at 1248) Break ABCD into triangles ABD and BCD. The area of BOD is fixed and 2 (2B) 2-3. 2¥beos 38° = 29 -» Da = ABD. since DBs fixed, the area of ABD is maximized when ABD is an isosceles right 4-1_“\g Hs a 2» ingle, making AD = AB = “p> -» she maximum are of ABD = “>. Thos the maximum are of 4 480) euais3 2-H soit Note that of any five consecutive numbers k,k + I. +2,k +3,k +4 at most wo of them can bi three were in either two of them would be adjacent and would differ by 1, a square, or they would be Kk +2,k +4, But k+4 and & differ by a perfect square. Apply this lemma to the subsets {1,....5}. 16,.-.10}, (11,515), (16+. 520}, and (21, ..., 25}. At most wo of each set can be in, so at most 10 of the elements of {1.2,-- 25} can be in S, The set (1, 3,6,8, 11, 13, 16, 18, 21, 23} clearly satisfies the conditions, so the answer is [T0. rectangle to be coincident with one on the other side, we must choose one of : 8 blank rectangles and that canbe done in (') ways, Answer CG) 2 241Solutions to the ARML Team Questions = 2003 ower case letters stand for the rectangles, let A= {a,.x,.),2} be the rectangles chosen on one side and B= {a,u, vw} be the rectangles chosen on the other. We need x, y,2,1,¥.w’ to be distinet. ‘There u 8 are 12 choices for a,|'" | ways to choose x, », andz.and | ways to choose 1, andw.. Thus, (S]emrese an mtemel$) " 8) 3) (3) _ 24 (°F 495 4 1-6. Consider the cube in the diagram tothe right Fi ands se was, Lat . KL wanto and K be the names of the faces. Unfold the nae ' ccube in the two ways shown below. on ce wa 1 ake uw Fig. Fig.2 In Fig. 1 the distance between A and B is clearly 1. So, in Fig. 2 the distance must be 1 as well, but it also nat 3 2 & 14h 1-1 wo get san ough us 242TH, & Fig. 2 itequals ¥2. Thus, 4 and B can't lic inthe eenter ofa face. Answer: # P= 600 = 4a +2 > 300 = 2a +c, The area equals, Vanesa? a? = caredtoe = afi» (a—cha+ 0) = b>. Since a,c, and k are positive integers, 1m? for some positive integer m. 3 From 300 = 2a+ ¢ and a— = m3, we obtain 3a = 300 +m, giving a= + 100. Letm = 3n 9 a= 9m? + 100 and c= 100 ~18n3. For n2 2, ¢ < 0,80 for n= 1, a= 109, c= 82, giving «= 5. Observe that eee Bod Pastas leno 273 5 59° 60) * 60 thas 297 248. [ 23Solutions to the ARML Team Questions = 200, Since in 6 days the surface area 64? becomes 3a? {s ).t0 in days cach side must be 2 BE as long. To reach a volume of one-cighth of the original, cach side must be one-half as long, Without loss ‘of generality, let the bar be a cube of side 1. Consider the linear function where edge y is a function of & ‘The conditions given are equivalent to the condition that a word not start or end with more than one consonant and not have a consecutive string of three or more consonants. We'll count the number of possible n-tetter words ending in a vowel V,, one consonant O,,, or two consonants T,,. We include the ‘words ending in two consonants because although they are not ARMLovian words, they generate ARMLovian words by the addition ofa vowel at the end. Note that Y= 1.0, = 0. Also, V = 4,i¢,AA,LA, MA, and RA, 0, = 3,ie,AR,AM,and AL, and 1 0 since no word can end in two consonants. In general, V, 1+0,_) +7, because adding a vowel to the end of a word ending in a vowel, | consonant, or 2 consonants will produce an ARMLovian ‘word. Or one could say that removing a vowel from the end of an ARMLovian word will yield a prefix ending in 0, | or 2 consonants. Inaddition, 0, = 3¥,,_, since adding any one of three consonants to the end of a word ending in a vowel 1 will produce an ARMLovian word, Finally, 7,, = 3-0,,_ since any one of three consonants can be added 1 the end of a word ending in a consonant. Thus, we can generate the following values: V,=V, +0, 41, = 44340 =7, 0,=9, = 3-4 3 9. Continuing in this fashion we obtain: os 2 © The number of acceptable seven-letter words is V, +0, = 739 +696 = (433, 244