onduction and the heat mal Conductivity K). OF Insulating materials Y can be reduced by using different ‘ypes of Insulating materials and f; Sr applications in Engineering practice. A 01. Walls of Reftigerator, 02. Walls of Cold Storages 93. Steam Pipes. 04. Reftigerant Pipes, 95. Chilled water lines & Hot water lines, 96. Ice Plant brine tank walls, wlating Material Various types of Insulating Materials are used in practice and they possess very low value of Thermal Conductivity, which is of order 0f 0.1 to 1 wrk oF lower than ths, Following table gives the values of K for some insulating materials, Material K (wim-k) Asbestos Fibre 0.110 Masanary Brick 0.231 10 0.291 Conerete 1.279 Cork. 0.0419 Wood 0.698 Glass 0.744 Glasswool 0.0372 Mineral wool 0.0465 Porcelain 1.035 Rubber 0.162 Asbestos Sheet 0. A B os Polytyrene ou Saw dust 0.069 lisa Ho observed that, in general K value inereases with increase in temperature, This att : 'ed to increased phonenmotion.Sharp yo Slab Guarded Hot Plate Method Theor’ Two slab guarded hot plate method is based on the Theory of one diamentional jeu flow through an Insulating Slab. The Thermal Conductivity, k is determined sing the basic Law of Heat Conduction i.e. Fourier Law. For one dimentions, steady state constant k conditions, this law can be expressed in the following forms - qo. - KA Th-Te Ax Where = ~The heat flow rate in watts A = Area of Heat Flow. Th = Hot side temperature, Te = Cold side temperature, &x = Thickness of insulation layer. ‘wo Slab arrangement makes apparatus symmetrical in direction of heat flow ani Guarded plate prevents the heat flow in radial direction and makes it possible to have the Unidirectional heat flow possible. Hence this Two Slab Guarded Hot Plate niethod has become a standardized method and is adopted in standards. Apparatus ‘The apparatus consists of a cartage heater +. inserted in the Central Heater Assembly. Two insulating slabs are placed on both side of the Central heaters and clanped together with two cooling plates, through which the circulating water under constant head and temperature is circulated. The whole assembly is placed on a vertical supporting structure of suitable Siids and nuts, The whole apparatus is mounted in a box with insulating filled in ®nipty space. The temperature at various locations is measured with the help of z ator of ‘albrated Copper/Constant Thermocouples with a digital Temperature Indi 8 en , 'C least count. Heater input to central heater controlled with solid state dimmer— "Slat sneasured with digital ammeter and Voltmeter. zee SH BeSETECHNOSYSTEM,SANGLL si;Two Slab Guarded Hot Plate Method specifications O1. Central Heater Diameter = 460 mm (D) 02 Cooling Plate Diameter = 469 mm 03. Thermocouples T 4.10 T4 as shown in Fig. 04 Test Specimen material = Dia mm,. Thickness mm(_ x), 05 Cooling water circ ulation for top and bottom plates. 06 Control Panel consisting of - a) Digital Temperature Indicator with selector switeh with 0.1 C least count, b) Solide State Dimmer stat, 230 Volts to control heater input ¢) Digital Voltmeter and Ammeter to measure Central Heater Input 5 Degree d) Necessary switches & Fuses. 01, The apparatus is assembled properly and the Test Specimens are clamped properly 02, Adjust cooling water supply on and check leakages ifany. 03. The central heater is given an input of q watts and is always to be kept constant 04 — Wait sufficiently for steady state and afier obtaining a satisfactory steady state, the observations are recorded in the following observation table. ion Table O1. Specimen Thickness = Qx= — m 02. Central heater dia (D) = +16em| | Sharp Tis Slab Guarded Hot Plate Method Calculations 01. Hot side temperature Th = = Tec 02. Cold side temperature Te Since half the heat flow rate is passing throveh dean the lower side Passing through upper side and half through 3 q — = KA 2 a x 1 & ee 2 A (Th- Te) q 4x 1 2 MD? (Th-Te) = win Conclusion - SL. The calculated value of k obtained is in the range of values refered in the terature, Be The calculated value of k is refered al mean temperatre (Th + Te) /2°C et Varying the heater input variation of k with temperature can be studied. fe procedure can be repeated for other insulating slabs of thermocole, cork ete. 2 la (o>rw Slab Guarded Hot py SPECIMEN Central Heater V= \ =V.L For Central Heater) — } whe °. T= | J 1TH 1/72 ‘ | Te (+Ty}/2= a= iW ‘c= Specimen Thickness « m = Diameter of Centr; ‘al Heater ~ +160 m. fq 2X [4Ax / xD: 1x1 /(Th late Meth od Sharp Te]ARDED HOT PLATE SCHEMATIC ASSEMBLY CENTRAL SECTION: — (A) CENTRAL HEATER CORE (G)COOLING UNIT WITH SURFACE PLATES THERMOCOUPLES a Copper - Constantangnos 3SNLWuvdd¥ FLW Id LOH GIdUYND avis OML Jo ynoAe| 9/}2W3YIS ee yalvan cuvno SNR ——|— oe PSSST soauiss —] U@yZZZAZZ Ags || ~ «Ano wav AT INT wav ‘waGWYH ONTIOOD ——— /|