GLOBAL PEACE PIONEERS - GPP

Initial Assessment Report on Technical and Vocational Training, Particularly in Traditional / Non- Traditional Occupations for Women in District Layyah, Punjab

M&E Section Global Peace Pioneers GPP House # 351, St # 15, G 10/2, Islamabad Ph: + 92 51 229 0086 www.globalpeace.net.pk

Vocational training Need Assessment Report

Acknowledgments
Initial assessment report on need of vocational training institute conducted by M&E department of Global Peace Pioneers GPP, includes data collection and analysis, were conducted by committee consisting of five members. M&E Officer Mr. Raza, Project Manager Mr. Jehanzaib, Grants Writer Ms. Sana, Project Manager Ms. Kiran and Chairperson Ms. Hina Junaid as Head of the Committee. These are all humanitarian practitioners who are knowledgeable and experienced in conducting assessments and surveys. Furthermore, we would like to extend our sincere gratitude to hospitality of GPP Field Unit staff in Layyah and their valued assistance in conducting the initial need assessment. Last but not least, sincere thanks to GPP BOD for providing technical assistance for the execution and production of the assessment tools and report.

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Vocational training Need Assessment Report

Table of Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Introduction Rationale Description of the Area Population of the District Research Participants Limitations Findings
I. II. III. Literacy level / Trained and Untrained Women Category wise need of training Need Assessment of Vocational Training Institute

4 5 5 6 6 7 7
7 8 9

8. 9. 10.

Challenges and Risks Coordination with District Departments Recommendations

9 9 10

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Vocational training Need Assessment Report

1) Introduction
July 2010, the worst floods in Pakistan's history hit the country at a time when the government was already struggling with a faltering economy and a brutal war against extremist forces in the north that has killed thousands of people. The number of people suffering from the massive floods in Pakistan exceeded the combined total in three recent mega disasters - the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the 2005 south Asian earthquake and the 2010 Haiti earthquake as reported by the United Nations. The widespread devastation caused by high floods in Pakistan in a matter of less than a week present horrid pictures of people, livestock and property being swept away by the surging waves fed by heavy downpour. Entire villages have been wiped out and infrastructure severely damaged in different parts of the country. By early August 2010, two weeks of devastating monsoon rains had transformed the landscape of Pakistan, pushing rivers over their banks, inundating villages, washing away bridges and roads, destroying crops, and killing livestock. By August 12, 2010, more than 1,600 people had perished, according to news reports, and the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) estimated that more than 14 million people had been affected in some way. As per the Initial assessments- priority areas determined as per community needs are provision of the basic necessities of shelter/NFIs, food, clean drinking water, medical treatment and early livelihood restoration. Although the flood management is the responsibility of the provinces, yet a number of federal departments are entrusted with the Federal Flood Commission, along with Pakistan Disaster Management Authority which is acting as a coordinating body with the provincial departments and technical agencies to help control these disasters, natural calamities etc. Despite of institutional arrangements being made, the government along with associated institutions, failed to counter such a huge disaster and a lot is yet to be done.

Global Peace Pioneers GPP responding to the crises mobilized its team in 03 provinces of Pakistan, Sakkur (Sindh), Muzzaffarghar, Layyah (Punjab), Charsadda and Nowshera (KPK) and responded to urgent needs of the flood affected population through provision of food, NFIs, WASH activities. GPP through its qualified and seasoned staff coordinated with District / Provincial authorities, UN Agencies and International relief organization for the relief efforts. The purpose of this survey is to provide estimates of the vulnerable households/ women and access their need for capacity building/vocational trainings. The aim of the assessment is to identify the gaps that remain uncovered by the humanitarian actors and assess the overall need of the flood affected communities in terms of vocational training centers/center for women and young girls. The study will enable GPP in planning effective rehabilitation activities for the flood affected district and for other long term sustainable development program.
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Vocational training Need Assessment Report

2) Rationale
GPP is committed to the promotion of gender equality however, women and girls in Pakistan continue to lag behind their male counterparts and serious inequalities persist, especially in access to education and economic opportunities. Flood in 2010 further enhanced the vulnerability of women. Cultural norms do not allow women to go out and generate income in the southern Punjab, resulting in low family income. The economic participation of young women, particularly in well-paying jobs, has a profound impactincluding social and economic uplift of women status in the communities. In order to address the poor socio-economic conditions of women and youth there is a need to consolidate serious efforts, which would assist them to have access to dignified economic activities to enhance their capacities and become a honorable bread winner of the family. GPP primarily focuses on women related issues where people are deprived from basic needs yet determined to struggle for a better life. Socio-economic conditions of women are very poor to improve their life conditions a lot of income generating activities are required to be introduced. Such activities should sufficiently involve household women. In the rural areas of Pakistan there is no permanent institutional structure for the regular training of females in different skills. There is a strong need to develop institutions in different rural areas to broaden the horizon of rural women to have a valuable potential participation in the economic activities. The project is focused on making women so resourceful and self-reliant that they dont feel endangered from any form of threats of violence targeting them. The women of target communities will be benefited in several ways such as by developing capacity, skills of credit handling, decision-making skills, and economic opportunities for enhancing income.

3) Description of the Area

Layyah District is bounded to the North by Bhakkar District, to the east by Jhang District. The Indus River flows to its Western side across which lies district Dera Ghazi Khan and to the south Muzaffargarh District. District Layyah has an area of 6291 square kilometres. According to 1998 Population and Housing Census, total population of Layyah district is 1121 thousands persons out of which 579 thousands are males and 542 thousands are females. Density of population in the district is 178 persons per square Kilometer. Percentage break-up of the Rural and Urban population is 87.2 and 12.8 respectively High intensity and magnitude of water in river Indus continuous spell of rain caused the record flood of century. In Layyah District 14 union councils spreading on more than 400,000 acres were struck by severe flood and affected more than 486316 individuals. Out of 14 UCs affected by flood 9 UCs are severely affected and rest moderately affected. Flood water engulfed the houses render the people shelter less, damaging their properties and losses of livestock. The flood waters have washed away thousands of acres of crops, government buildings, businesses, schools, bridges, railway tracks, homes Global Peace Pioneers GPP 5

Vocational training Need Assessment Report

and health facilities. Findings highlight that out of 14 union councils 9 UCs are 100% affected by flood, affecting around where as others our of different ratio. Flood water has affected 296,128 individuals and over 45000 households in 14 UCs of district Layyah. Out of which more than 35000 are children below 5 years of age and around 5000 PLWs

4) Population of the District

According to 1998 Population and Housing Census, total population of Layyah district is 1121 thousands persons out of which 579 thousands are males and 542 thousands are females. Density of population in the district is 178 persons per square Kilometre. Percentage break-up of the Rural and Urban population is 87.2 and 12.8 respectively. Tehsil-wise distribution of Urban and Rural population is given in Table Tehsil-Wise Distribution Of Urban & Rural Population OF TEHSIL Total UC POPULATION (Thousand Persons) Urban Rural Total Chaubara 7 161 161 Karor 11 38 331 369 Layyah 23 106 485 591 Total: 44 144 977 1121

5) Methodology / Instruments of Survey

GPP M&E officer organized an orientation session for GPP field unit staff members to provide guidelines and simple format for the collection of the data. A total of 10 staff members (01 from each UC) participated in the session. On the basis of these discussions, survey was planned and visits/meetings were planned accordingly. Following methodology was used for the estimation of affected population. Visit the affected villages/area, Household survey Community meetings, Personal observations Transect walk, SSI with the villagers/ representatives Coordination with District Authorities / UN /Aid Agencies Desk review of existing data/information

6) Research Participants
The assessment team used a purposive sampling method to interview 992 female in 10 UCs of District Layyah. The team also interviewed District Authorities and community elders in the selected UCs. Following figure shows demographic detail of the women interviewed.
S. No UC Name No. of FGD(s) Total Participants No of women interviewed

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10

B.A Khan Bait Wasawa Shumali Jaman Shah Pahar Pur Kot Sultan Jhaker Basti Shadu Khan Shahpur Raffiqabad
Sarishta Thall Total

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
5 50

150 150 150 175 162 150 147 150 150 150 1534

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1000 6

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Vocational training Need Assessment Report

7) Limitations
The research used purposive and convenience sampling to select community elders, women, school, teachers to interview. This sampling strategy was appropriate because the study sought to gain in-depth understanding about the impact of flood on women/young girls income generation with focus on need of vocational trainings. Nonetheless, the findings presented may be used to make a general understanding of the real and perceived needs women lead vocational training institutes.

8) Findings
The initial finding shows that there is a dire need of starting vocational training in the areas as total of 1534 women were met in focus group discussion out of which 91% are in favor of learning through vocational skills to become self reliant and support their families. Literacy level / Trained and Untrained Women Following chart shows the demographic detail of women/young girls as per education and women having vocational training

Need Analysis of Vocational training

120 100 80 60 40 20 0

No. of Women / Girls interviewed No. of Uneducated W / G No. of Untrained W/G

No. of Educated W / G No. of Trained W/G

1Need Analysis of Vocational training Altogether 1000 women/girls were interviewed out of which 89% of females have achieved primary education, this shows that majority of the women/girls have some level of education. Out of total female interviewed only 85 - 86% of women did not had access to any form of vocational/capacity building training which would assist them in initiating income generation activities.

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Vocational training Need Assessment Report

Category wise need of training Following diagram shows that women are eager to learn various technical skills. Majority of the women interviewed showed interest in learning off farm activities owing that not many women owns land / resources to start their livelihood activities especially after the Pakistan flood 2010. Category wise need of Vocational/Capacity building trainings
120 100 80 60 40 20 0

No. of Women / Girls interviewed Sewing / Stitching Emboridery work Kitchen Gardening

2Category wise need of Vocational/Capacity building trainings Figure 2, shows the interest of the women as per the category of the trainings; out of 1000 women interviewed 91.6% of women showed their interest in sewing and stitching of the clothes whereas, 74% out of 91.6% also showed their keen interest in learning embroidery work. For livestock and poultry farming which is one of the common resources if managed properly can assist women in short term and long term income generation activities 36% of women showed their interest. Furthermore out of 1000 women 45% of women were seen interested to learn business skills to start their own enterprise.

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Vocational training Need Assessment Report

Need Analysis of Vocational training Following diagrams shows the area wise women interviewed and their remarks,

Need Analysis of Vocational training

120 100 Axis Title 80 60 40 20 0

B.W. Shad Saris Jama Kot Raffi B.A Jhake Shah Pahar Shum u hta n Sulta qaba Khan r pur pur ali Khan thall Shah n d
100 98 2 100 92 8 100 95 5 100 92 8 100 92 8 100 96 4 100 82 18 100 92 8 100 91 9 100 80 20

No. of Women interviewed No. of Women Shown interest in VTI No. of women not in favor of VTI

3Need Analysis of Vocational training Institute

The findings indicate that a total of 1000 women were interviewed out of which 91% are interest to learn vocational training skills and contribute to their family income. Women hold approximately 51% of the total population and either they are not permitted to work (owing for cultural and social barriers, along with economic barriers) furthermore, if exceptional case arise women are subject to economic exploitation i.e. low wages etc.

9) Challenges and Risks

Women empowerment programs are only successful if the male counter parts are sensitized about the benefits of the program. Cultural norms and social barriers are always considered threat to women empowerment program. However, during the corner meetings held with males in the areas, it was evident that male members are in favor of establishing vocational centers. The only concern shown was of women to travel for which they recommended that centers can be established within the UCs.

10)

Coordination with District Departments

GPP survey team met several Govt officials including EDO Social Welfare, during the discussion it was shared by respectable EDO that literacy level of the district is among the best in the province however, not much attention is given to life skill training for women. He further assured cooperation from the line department for any intervention in this regard. Global Peace Pioneers GPP 9

Vocational training Need Assessment Report

11)

Recommendations

The objective of this assessment is to determine female enrollment rates in VTI institutions identify barriers to VTI participation and gather information about how female can be empowered economically. The assessment data from visits and meetings reveals high interest level shown from female to establish vocational training institute. Need to conduct comprehensive Training need Assessment In the light of the assessment finding and diversity in the local trends it is highly recommended that comprehensive training need assessment is to be conducted to make future planning effective. There is a high potential available in the area which needed to be facilitated. Awareness-raising campaigns on the benefits to females for enrolling in technical and vocational training institutions, Findings from the assessment show that most female are willing and eager to get enrolled in vocational institutes however, there is a need for a awareness raising campaign to get their counter parts involved in the activity furthermore, there is a need to sensitize line departments as well. Establishment of VTI The assessment data reveals that there is a need to establish vocational training institute/s to equip females of the low income areas as literacy level in the area is high among girls there is a high proximity of vocational training institutes to be successful. Provision of Micro Enterprise training The assessment findings reveal that 45 percent of women interviewed were interested to learn about micro enterprise. Career counseling can also be used to dispel misunderstandings about the dangers and challenges of working in traditionally male dominate society Linkages with Financial institution With capacity building training through vocational centers women of the areas can be linked with micro finance institutions for financial resources. This would enhance the likelihood for future activities to sustain and become a role model for other areas.

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