9 E

End of Unit Test Higher (H)

Name Class Date

1 Look at the two different groups of substances shown below.

Give a suitable heading for the second group and add one more example to the first group.

[2 marks]

2 The diagram below shows the products of combustion of a fossil fuel.

a Which missing gas can cause acid rain? Tick one box.

A hydrogen

B oxygen

C hydrogen sulfide

D sulfur dioxide

[1 mark]

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End of Unit Test Higher (H)

b Describe one problem caused when soot is produced during combustion.

[1 mark]

c Explain how gases in the atmosphere can cause the greenhouse effect and describe one
problem the greenhouse effect may cause.

[2 marks]

3 Dry lime mixed with powdered clay forms cement. The lime (calcium oxide) is formed when
limestone (calcium carbonate) is heated strongly. This is a decomposition reaction and
releases carbon dioxide gas. The reaction needs an input of energy.
Cement is mixed with other materials to make concrete used in the building industry.
a Complete the word equation for the formation of lime.

calcium carbonate ® + carbon dioxide

[1 mark]

b Name two other materials added to cement to make concrete.

[1 mark]

c Explain why concrete is described as a composite material.

[1 mark]

d Name one other example of a composite material.

[1 mark]

e Describe what happens during a decomposition reaction.

[1 mark]

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End of Unit Test Higher (H)

4 The machine shown opposite is used in a

recycling plant. This machine separates iron
containers and steel containers from
containers made of aluminium and other
metals.
Recycled metals are often cheaper to
produce because less energy is needed
to manufacture them.

a Recycling metals saves energy. Give one other advantage of recycling metals.

[1 mark]

b Old mobile phones are collected because there are several valuable metals inside the
phones. Describe two important steps in the recycling of the metals in these phones.

[2 marks]

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End of Unit Test Higher (H)

5 Glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) is made when glass fibres are covered with a polymer resin.
The polymer resin sets hard around the fibres of glass. The setting of the plastic is an
exothermic reaction and as the GRP forms it can be moulded into different shapes. The
properties of GRP make it useful for making the hulls of boats, large water tanks and car bodies
a Describe two properties that make GRP useful for boat building.

[1 mark]

b How is energy transferred between reactants and surroundings in an exothermic reaction?

Tick one box.

A Energy is transferred from the surroundings into the reactants.

B Energy is transferred from the reactants into the surroundings.

C Energy is shared equally between the reactants and the surroundings.

D No energy is transferred between the reactants and the surroundings.

[1 mark]

6 Natural polymer rubber is very soft, elastic and plastic. The rubber is vulcanised to make the
rubber more useful. The diagram below shows the structure of vulcanised rubber.

a Which chemical is added to the rubber to form the cross-links? Tick one box.

A oxygen

B sulfur

C carbon

D sodium

[1 mark]

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End of Unit Test Higher (H)

b Describe how the cross-links change the properties of the rubber.

[1 mark]

c The natural rubber is described as ‘elastic’. Give the meaning of ‘elastic’.

[1 mark]

d A synthetic rubber can be made using a monomer called butadiene. How is a polymer
formed from a monomer? Tick one box.

A The monomers are oxidised.

B The monomers are hydrated.

C The monomers are joined together.

D The monomers are decomposed.

[1 mark]

e Give the name of the polymer formed from butadiene.

[1 mark]

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End of Unit Test Higher (H)

7 The diagram opposite shows the structure of a

ceramic material.
a Use the diagram to help answer the questions
below.
i Explain why ceramic materials usually have high
melting points.

[1 mark]

ii Explain why ceramic materials are hard and brittle.

[1 mark]

b Materials with lattice structures often form crystals when becoming solid.
Explain how and why the largest crystals can be formed from a molten ceramic material.

[2 marks]

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