!’ | ‘ Mi te —_ Mn = , , Dua an Pow TRUONG DAI HOC BACH KHOA HA NO! Ts. TRAN DUC TRUNG PGS. TS, NGUYEN VIET HUNGTRUONG BAI HOC BACH KHOA HA NOI TS.Tran Duc Trung - PGS. TS, Nguyén Viet Hing PHUONG PHAP PHAN TU HUU HAN & CAC Vi DU THUC HANH TREN MTDT on NHA XUAT BAN KHOA HOC VA KY THUAT HA NOILOI GIGI THEY Phuong phép plién ti hitu han (PHIL) da sud hid vdo cust nhing nam 1950 ioc dita vao gidng day, nghién citu ti nhimg nim 1079 4 ude ta. Tay nhien 7 chi ‘ - 80 Dhdt tridn va duce ting dung rong rai a uhang nam Jogo Nady nay, cing véi ia hee {rin than &3 ciia cong ugh thong tin (CNTY) wi whan may tinh 6 dung Wang va toc 4 fom, pluaong pip PTHH dé thie sw 76 thanh mou phuang Php chinh trong tink tut tet edit, thay the’ cho cdc phuong phip trayén thing nine Phuong phip tue, Phuong phap chuyeh vj, .. Bd 1d vi ede vdin dé duoc gidi theo thudt ton cing Phuong phdp PTHH rat g4n gai v6i nhing ¥ ting ctia CNTT nhue thong tin duge phan 1dng, C6 thé dong g6i trong ede ma tran dé chuyén, hop va xtt ly, Cée cong ty phan mém cong nghiép cing cho ra dei cde phén mém m6 phong 86 dua wen thud todn chy phuong php PTHH niu SAP, COSMOS, NASTRAN, ANSYS, Voi quan diém tiép can pluong php PTHH tit yhe do CNTT, tei ligu chi gicn thiéy uhiing 1§ thuyét co ban cia phuong phdp PTHH réi di thang vao ting dung aé gitip ban doc 06 thé tw dy dung due chuang trinh tink todn eda minh, Ngodi ra tei liéu cing gidi thigu thd nang khai thée cde phén mém ma phéng so! bang PTHH tren thé gidi théng qua phan mém ANSYS (How K3). Do dé ngi dung ciia tai ligu sé bao gdm: ~ Gidi thigu co sti ly thuyét eiia phuong php PTHH mét cdch ngdn gon, don gidn, gan vor phuong phdp ludn cia Décac, + Cung cdp mot s& chuong trinh vier bang Turbo Pascal cho céc bai todn tinh rodn kei cd co ban. Do Pascal ld mgt ngon ngit e6 tinh edie trie €a0, lai duge phé cap réng rai dai hoc, nén sé gitip nguei doc ndm ut hide han mot cdch nhanh chong cha hoc sinh va sinh vién trong ede urudng phé thong, dugc tu wing va thuét toén cia Phucing phép phén Trong céc chuang trinh nay ngodi phdn vain bin (ngubn), trén man hink va mot 36’ nhan xét vé cdc két qud 86 nhén duoc. Vrén ban doc hoan toan 6 thé cdi tiéin, phit trién ching dé gidi quyéi nhitng bai todn y. kel qua hién thi déu c6 vi dus 0x6 nhiing chumg rink nay, pinic tap hom hode viet lan bang céc ngdn ngitldp trinh theo huéng doi twong duce hd tro 10t hon trong thiét Ké giao dién cing nhu dé hou. + Gidi thiéu mét sé kha nding cia phdn mém ANSYS thong qua cdc vi du. sgi lia 5 uieSah 5 Neon asi lap tinh Pascal. Hiéu qud sé r0 ret néi ban doc thue hanh luon nbitng cheng in i T hay cho Uhitng yen Kuan La. Tai liéu nay dua co bin theo bai gidug vé phuong phép PTHH tai Trudng py Bich khow Ha Noi véi mac dich phat huy khd nang ue hoc ctia sinh view. Dé doc 1a nay ban doc chi cén cé nhiing kien tic co bdn vé Stic bén vat lieu, Todn cao cép yq va phdn mém gidi thiéu trong cde chuong cho cdc vi du cé sn trong séch bai todn cong a. Nhdn day, ching toi cing xin chan than cém on GS. Nj dé doc va gdp nhiéu ¥ kién bé ich. Cudn sdch chde cén c6 nhieu khién khuyét, ching toi mong nhdn duge sie £7 ¥ cig ban doc. Cée g6p §.xin gi vé dia chi PGSTS. Nguyén Viet Hiing Trung tm Phat trién yq ng dung phén mém cong nghigp (DASI), Trudng Dai hoc Bach khou Ha Noi. Cac tac gigLOINOLDAU 4. Luan vé phuong phap Dé gidi mot bai LOAN NAO do.chiing ta rit hay ding (mbt céch khong tw gide) mot trong hai phrong phép sau (hod cit hai) 1/ Tim bai ton gan gidng nhat vi dai todn Aat ra va bai tos in gin gidng d6 da duge iit quyét tron ven. Bai fon dat ra ta goi 1a Bai ton chy (BTC). Bal todn kia ta goi 1a Bal odn lan cn (BTLC). Tit d6 ta c6 thé gidi BTC dya theo phuong phdp gidi BTLC hoac tim 19 gii ciia BTC dua vao /0i gid cba BTLC. Dé chinh 1a tw tudng cia phuong phap tigp can Jan cau (ucighbouring approach method). ‘Xév dint bal_toan an can giop cho vide ii hai ton dt ra [-— Xay dung bai tedn kde ln an Lal (oan da dugc gia . © ai joan cho Bal oan lan cin da Phin Khe ahaw cn gidi duce gia gia hai bai toan v Vv Ta giicin] [Phuong phap Phuong phép 38 i tim in tim duce chon (ortho 2/ Chia BYC ra hiu han nhiing bai ton nhé hon (BIN). Gidi quyét xong timg BTN di hgp ching Iai. D6 1a tw tudng ciia phuong phép phan hgp (decomposition method). Bai oan cho cina’i |. [paiteans Bai tein 2 [Bitten Lai gidi cén Lai gid t Lai git Lai gidi n Troug trudng hop déi tugng tinh la mot vat thé hinh hoc, BTN vidi quyét tink whitng Phin tt con cha dot tong réi tim cach ghép cling tui wong W trd choi xép hinh LEGOia tre em). Vi s6 phan vt himh hoe con 1a hitu han nén ta e6 th go1 phuons phy gig, ctia v6 em). Vi 86 phan tit hind ney irén li phuong phép phan ti hit han (PTHH) theo nghia rong. Trong co hoe tr tirsng phurong phap dau duge ding dé gidi c&e bai toain phi tuyg,, fm nighiém bai tos phi tuyen Han can nghicm bai tosn twycn tinh, te twéng phuong PIED say ge ding dé gid cde bai ton tinh todn Ket cs chia ket cfu ra hi ha dn 1 6 moi mot phan tircon qua mot ma tran goi la ma trdn phan tt, cusi cing Ia HEP ching ya, mot ma Uan chung cho (oan ket cau goi 1a ma dn tng thé. 2. Thuat toan giai va ngon ngif Pascal dé lap trinh Qua trinh giai mot quyét mot van dé c6 thé chia rdi rac ra hitu han n budc theo mot tinh ty truée sau. Thue hién mot cach may méc céc bude theo ding trinh tu dé chiing ta cg thé di dén ket qua nhu nhau. Trinh tu cdc bude dé goi thuat toan (algorithm). Lap trinh giai quyet mot van ‘46 nao ciing chinh IA vidi bing ngon nei cu thé duce chon mot thuat toan giai van dé dé. Mot chuong trinh gdm céc chuong trinh con (CTC) ¢y duge tao ra va than chutong trinh lam nhiém vu gyi cdc CTC va két noi ching. Tinh cau trite dé cting thé hién r6 trong phuong phdp PTHH. C6 thé minh hoa vé tinh cau unic hang vi du sau: - Dé xay mét cai nha chting ta cé thé suét thdi gian thi cong ding nhing vat ligu co sé nhu gach, ct, thép... Dién do cling giéng nhv gidi mot bai toan tinh toin két cau theo Phuong phép c6 trong site bén vat ligu (SBVL), Két cau theo phuong phip PTHH v6i nhiing phn tit c6 dic trong cde bing ma tran phén tir ke. Vigc khign cho fh toan két ctu bin, mh gon hon ce phuung phap cia siic hén vat Liu (SBVL), trung co tinh da duge mo ta sit dung nhing két qua duge déng g6i sin dé sé 23. ¥ dé viét cdc chuong Chong): Bat toan thank chiv Kéo nén va thanh mar eA a gang iran chiu xodn dutge mt bai todn sti ben vei hen vét lieu gidi dui coi dang ma tran Hai ran Hai khdi niém quan tinh bay nhu ” trong 1 ma trdn phedn tt va ma tran 1éng thé duge gidi thie mone a NM ii thidu va xy dung mot ce inh bay khée cia nhiing cong thite SBVL.. Dé ee vod ee 4 2 BG chinh 1a su thé hien J nhien nhu mot e tidp can lan can da néu ten. Co Con thuat toa wan phuong phép PTE duve trinh gg cua wriuin grminh hoa ty tuéng phan hop néi tren pay nur Ia Cac chung sau: do doi tong ket ef ju phtte tap han, mo ta ma i a tran phan tir bang cach wren gap KhG Khan. Cho caic két cau dé nguyén Iy di chuyén kha di di duge chon lam cing cH é xdy dung ma tran phan dip phan tit hétw han duge trinh bay duéi dang mot thuat toan gid g phan hop cho doi tuong hinh hoc. Neuyen ly di chuyés hon trong bude xay dug ma tran phan tir cua thuat roan cht Nhu vay phwong ph: bai toan ket edu theo tir ten ‘i chi 1a mot cong cv Auve g si Khoi dau cita phuong php. ‘ah todn két efiu bing phuong php PTHH gém hai 44 duyc Iugng hoa vao ma tru tong, thé. khong phai 18 Than chuong trinh ti in nap Va chuyén céc théng tin phan chin: - Phas - phan gidi he Hien nay c6 uhiing phin y 06 thé coi phan chinh cia phyone phap PI'HH ! dé sé duge chuyén tig] phuong trinh dai s6 tuyén tinh. mém todn hoc dé gidi he phuong a nhdp 36 ligu tit bon p vao mardi inh dai sé tuyén tink va ve vdo cae ahu va a tran phan tie va ma un chi so nit, réi cdc so lieu t cho toan két cds. mi séng thé m6 td quan hé tai trong mit -chuyén vi mil NHAN XET ip PTHH don gidn hon cac phuung phip Khie cila hain wir ds duoc cdu bing phuong phi ng Phuong PrP sud trung gian Ih cdc ma wan F ue nhur thi cong xay mh - Tinh todn cdc két SBVL vi ching ta 6 U thist lap san 06 trong cde sich cam nang. Diet nay eding Wong Lip ghép bang nhong bloc mo ‘dun ché tao sin G nha m4 ~ Phuong phép PTH. c6 nhimg nét da Pin db twong tinh ton dugc aha (6 ia chi 1a cdc ma tran cht 7 mit, Saw dd duge ahp U thu gon - en dai: cdc thong 0 tie va duge kem theo ic sfc cia CONE nghé thong Un hi ten tng the ng, goi) VaO cae ma tran phan ip (ket noi) v80 _ an hop va plutons. plidp tép can kin ca" ? Cho vi du vé phon’, phap phChuong 1 TU TUONG VA NO ry SONG VA NOT DUNG p} PTHH Se ONG PHU ev H PRONG CAC TRUGN Tore rHAr (KEO NEN VA XOAN) DON GIAN gi. NIUNG VAN p& CHINH 4.Tutudng Phuong phap PTIIIL rong nbidu tg, bey x66 thé quan niem efit A ngp hu 406 thé € iu bu han abit yd a6 thé 08 KEL gp whan nbn pani don iti mn fits hon va Rot edi, Sw phat trim ohn thie bit ihn hi Oaiychty pines tichu han, dém dee, rl rere eect vance rel rae fp vO cde phép tinh giv hun lim (tit thé ky 17). Te suéng trong 1 dB. Vou nién vd hig ve han e6 hite han due WOE 19 qua uliling s6 do hou han ea nhuing dai lugng vo han qua phép tinh lim. omg yo: haa' Ket edu 1a nhiing phn ding dé d@. Bai todn tinh toan ket edu 66 thé tink bE dang chudn Sau: ban vé (c6 cée thong tin vé kich thuéc, lign ké\), cho vat ligu (cde hing s6 v§t ligu nbu modun dn h6i, he s6 Post ons.) tai trong dat len két eau in noi luc, tg sudt dé tra loi cau hot vé dovbén vi chuyén vi, bien dyug 4€ ta Iai cau hdi vé do ering cha két cau. 2, Céc buéc tinh todn theo phuong phap PTHH 1./ Chia két cau thanh » phan tir ndi we nhau qua cde m nat. Gad thiet bai toan hoi tu thi. Khi n wang 56 mut sé ting din dén dg chinh xdc tang. Mat khéc khi 1 aug s° phép tinh (gan ding) sé tang dan dén 40 chinh xac gitim.gy noi clin 1104 chinh xdc, tho tren ta nen ent min t th a iren ne inh dén ct har YOU at mai phan «4 mot ma tran do mdi pha quan trone: . 2 Mo ti quan Ine Ie ~ chnyén vi (ke) luc = ke ¥ chuyén VE é 6 ot 1d xo va ke chinh 1a sh chit Kéo, 66 hE co! do 1a indt 1 xe rn et Khi phan ur 1a than K Y, vi P la Tye Keo va Y 1a do dan dai cha 1a x5 do cung 18 x0 trong CONE thu F 3,/ Quy «ai trong VE nuit hay bing mot s6 hitu han taj up SP te mot mién con 64 thé t dé 1am niit. giém dat tai fap UUNE knd di: Hai hé tai trong twang 4 Tai trong phan be trén lay nhumg d 6 thé chon Tiéw chudn wong dong theo cong i chuyén kha di bang nhau. a tran d6 cting 1dng thé (ktt). Tir ktt bang cach loai bé ime, (kt). C6 thé dinh nghia ktt va ke thee uuug dvong v4 c6 the cho cong uén cde d 4, Hop cae Ke vav'm hang cot thich hgp ta c6 ma tran t6ng thé thu goa quan hé dudi day: ngoai luc = ktt x chuyén vj tat cd cdc nut tai trong = kt x ch i i lyon Vt a 9 huyén vi (én) nit ~~ cho quan hé ngoai lie mit-churyén ve nuit cho quan hé tdi nti Bi oe gi nit-chuyén vi | g! ¢ uit-chuyén vi (an) nit 5,/ Giai hé phuong trinh dai so tuyén tinh (thuat to4n Gauss)tim cdc chuyén vi ni. - 6,/ Hoan thién: tim tiép cdc dai ea, oan thign: tim tiép cde dai lugng khdc nhy phan luc lién'két, ing’Suat, b: ? a suat, bi ign dang CHU Y xay dung cé ic cua Khi d ic buée cia PPPTHH trén chting ta da dura vao: 1g ~ chon cée chuyén vi nit chua biét chuyéu vi trong co két cau); na epg the chug y, (Bong - xp xi chuyén vj méi di i méi diém cii lr - dp xi Lagran, : iém cia phan tu qua cdc chuyén vi nti | ae La; ge (chi qua bid inj chuyén vi mit) “ | 1 uit), Hermit (qua gid tchuyén yj “rong tinh va dao ha ton va lap ty; 90 ham chuyén vi mi 4p tinh, nh| (yen vi mit); » Nhu sau ta thanh mot: cg "ec ma tran phéy a , z due ma tg han an pi q3.Nhimg ndi duna SBVL dang nha ai. Cae dang ket cdia : ‘Thanh chiv K6O wen Ain tAM TA ket cA dom gidn MAT He than chin kn én [20 thanh dag. Thanh chiu won goi 1a dA va Rting 1 he thanh chin nein PARR va #8 1 nhs ket cau phite tap ting véi bai ton nhieu chidi bi. Cabe diag dung thieing sven Phuong phap mavedr durae dung dé xAc dinh cae ndi le c& trong két of Nuqmwen ty cone-cée the dung doc fap coi tie dung co hoc ciia he Ie bang téng thc dung et hor tr cits time Ie trong he. Cudi cing can-bang cho luc va lier tue cho ehuydn vi \ bat Aida ign non duce me dung dé dat din cong thitc hoac dé kiém tha két qua nhan diete §2, THANH CHTU KEO NEN DUNG TAM 4, Vi dy minh hoa tu tudng va cac bude giai cla phuong phapPTHH Cho ‘Thanh bac ba doan (hinh 1-1) c6 chiéu dai céc doan L,, L,. Ly vai cic dien tich mat cat cé cling médun dan héi E. ngang F,, Fo Thanh chiu tdi trong tap trung P,, Pa, Ps Minh 1-1 Hoi Chuyén vi cdc diém dat Ive Us, Ur» Us? Gidi Lan lugt tién hinh ede budeit= $6 d6 3 1/ Chia thanh thank 3 phin tir O@®: n =3, 6 mit = 4, trong 66 gy, Uy, Up.Uy Bd Ain 86 phai tim, U, = 0. 2./ Quy tii trong vé ntit: P,P, Py 3,/Tim ke cho ese phan tit,vf du cho phan tir @ Quan hé le - chuyén vi nut N)_(? ?~U, ( N, -( 2 2U, Sir dung diéu kign can bing N,=-N, va tir cong thife c6 trong SBVL AeeNS EF suy ra U,-U, ots. U,-U, =Nil, EE ER, Va C6 thé duge viét Iai dudi dang BB) +, L, 1 1 iu, Téng quét hod ta c6 cho phan tit j (ne) Ye] 4./ Hop céc ke vio ma tran tng thé (ket) (1-1)R,) (7.7.7 7YU, wij? 27 2]u, P, arrole (2) ny ler a aky Ta co thé viet Iai (1-1) Hin titan eho tig phan (ir OD, duc dang me (08 Rich thude c&e ma tein tir (22) sang (4x4) . phan tir © Ney ( BR/Ly AML, 0 oyu} N, | _|-ER/L, ER/L, 0 0 v| ° ° 0 0 ollU, z ° o 0 oft) phan tit @ oy (9 28 0 0\(Usy x, | _]0 ERi/l: -PR/Ls |) Us Nn, | [0 -ER/L, ER/I, 0})U, 0 o 0 o oj}lu. phin tr @ oy (90 0 0 uU,) o}_ 00 0 0 vu, n, | |0 0 BR/L, -BR/Ls U, n,} (0 0 -ER/Ly -ER/Ls Us Tir digu kign can bang ting nut ta cé, my (OY (0) (Re wel iN || | ef? + 4 = 0 N, N, R 0 0 Ny P ‘Tar digu kign Lien tue 6 timg nit ta e6 vay (Voy (Ue) (LeTir dé suy ra U, U, U. U. a (BE, /L, 4 =H, /15 HI ils 0 1 chinh 1 ma tran do ettng tng ihe th , 2 @ vé phai cha biéu thie tren Ma tran vudng & ve phai eta : an dp bolkh Ge va vat ligu cla két cu. nhan thay ku cang nhu kt chi phy thudc vao kich thuée va vat Ii ha ‘u. uu kien Uy = 0. C6 thé ding Phong Ph Phan Iue lien két R, 1 dn so thGa man dié khir ; Iordan chuyén déi chd Ry Va Uy dé cae din 56 Ro, Ui, UnU, cing & oe MOt coy, Day 1a bd rinh dau vi ‘ay ta s@ CO duge ma tran téng thé ciin hon ca 1a bé di phuong trinh dau va niu vay (a 6 8 thé thu g, : gach bo dong dau va cot dau cia ktt jai he 3 phuong trinh 3 dn s6 ta tim duge U;, U2,U3 cach 3/ 6. / Hoan thién Phan luc lién két Ro = -U,EF, / L, Bién dang trong mién mdi phan tir €= U,/ L. €2= (U2 -U,)/ La, €,= (U, -U,)/L, =EBU, -U/L, Ung suét trong mién mdi phan tit o,= EU;/L,, 0.= E(U, -U,)/ L,, 6, 2. Bai fap vi du lap trinh médun dan hi E; tai trong nit P, én tinh theo phutong Cho Thanh u bac (hinh1-2) co F, Li -m; cho chuong trinh con gidi hé phuong trinh dai sO tw phdp khit Gauss,qu dé suy ra EB 0 9 U, me -EF, 0 U (EB, /1., 4.0 JE) ER /La 1 oR i. if fLy) ~BP,/L, |] U, i -BF,/L, J\ U, Ma tran vudng vé phai eta bidu thie tren chinh 1a ma tran do caing téng thé ke. i‘ nhan thay ktt cfing nhu kt chi phu thuge vao kfch thudc va vat liu cla két cu. Uy = 0. C6 thé ding phuron, 8 Pha lure lien ket Ry 1 din 86 thoa man diéu kien Ahir Jordan chuyén d6i chd Ro va Up dé cac dn s6 Ry, Us, U2,U, cing trong mot coy, gidn hon ci 18 DO di phong trinh dau va nhu vay ta 36 c6 duge ma tran (ong thé thy Bon dong dau va cot dau ctta ket bing cach gach bd rong uinh 3 dn s6 ta tim duge U,, Us,Us 5, /Giai hé 3 phu 6. / Hoan thign Phan luc lién két Ro = -U,EF, / L, = (U; -U,)/ Le, = (Us -U)/ Ly. = E(U, -U,)/ Lz 6 = E(U; U/L, Bién dang trong mién mdi phan tit €,= U,/ La. € Ung suat trong mién m6i phdn tir a,= EU;/ Li, 2. Bai fap vi du lap trinh Cho Thanh n bac (hinh1-2) c6 F. i= 1,..am; cho chuong trinh con giai hé phuong trinh dai so tuyén tinh theo phuong = I.) nj médun dan héi E; tai trong ntit P, phap khi Gauss. Hinh 1-2Hei Vigt chirong trinh Pascal tinh cae chuyén vj nui Gia ‘Thong tin vé phan tir gm: i ia ea = quan he chuyén vi nut - Iye miit mo ta qua ma tran phn tir (ke) s6 cde miit chi s6 thir tu céc dn s6 - chuyén vi nit duce dant sé lien tue wr | dén n.Cie nit 66 chuyén Vj khong phai 1a Jin 56 (c6 lidn két) c6 chi 86 bing (Thing tin 46 duoc md 18 qua ma tran dng chi s6 (es[1..2)). Quan sdf lai nhing trong hop riéng Ié tren ta cé thé suy ra qi tae chung cline thang tin 1% mt ma tran phdn tir keli, j) bat k} veo ma trdn tng thé thu gon kt Quy tée chuyén néu csli], cs{j] <>0 thi kel, j]--->kt{cs(i),cs(j)] (dau --->nghia 1a duge nhap vao ) enh viet bing Pascal if cs{i) <> 0 then begin if es[j] <> 0 then kt{esfi},es{j]] atfesti}esl] + kei, js ends a,/ Thanh chiu nén ding tam, chyong trinh Pascal tinh cae chuyén vi ntit (CT 1) program thanh; {ten chuong trinh} uses CRT; const n= ;{so phan tu) m = ;{s0 au chuyen vi nut} var ijk: integer ; EFL: real;es: array[1..2] of integer; Kexarrayf1..2,1..2] of realskt : array[1..n,1_.m] of real; procedure nsl; (nhap so Tien pt} begin waite(‘chieu dai phan tu L ="); readln(L); write(‘dtngang pt F ="); readin(); end; procedure chiso; begin for i=1 w 2 do begin wiite(‘esf i] = end; ), readln(cs[i}); end, retprocedure mpts (op ma tran phan tu) ke[2 1 pads begin ke fij)ATMs KIT ReL2b=1y Ke .2) for i= 1 to 2 do for j:=1 19 2 do ke fil = end, Procedure mtg: [lap ma tran tong the thw gon! begin for is=1 to 2 do for jr=1 o 2.do begin if esti] <> O then - borin if es{j] <> O then kifesti esti = Mifestics{iIl + Kelis ils endieng, end: Procedure Gass; [giai he phuong trinh dai so tuyen tinh) 5O;var i,j,k,nl + integer; ¢: real; label GI:const maxsize=50;va azarray[1.. maxsize .1.. maxsize +1] of real; x + array! 1.. MAXSiZe) Of rea, nt ki begin writen; ei » vlteat #6 GIALHE PTDSTT BANG PHUONG PHAP KHU Gauss me, ad writeln;write ("50 an - chuyen vi nut —',m); nl:=m: writelnywriteln(('tai trong nut(n1,'50) ' for i:=1 to nl do for j:=1 to nl do afi,j):~ktLi,j]; for i=1 to nl do begin write(‘af* i ,’/,n1+1,']=*)s readin(afinl+1]); eng; while i0 then begin c:= afi,il; for j:=i+1 tonl+1 do begin afi,j):=alijV/e; end; for k:=i+1 ton do begin c:=a[k,i]; for j:=i+1 to nl+1 do alk i : end:end; end; begin xfn1J:=a{n1, nI+1J/aln1, n1J; for begin xfiJ:=ali. n1+1); for j=n] downto i+! do x{iJ:= x{iJ-ali,j]* x{j); end: writein(’nghiem - chuyen vi nut (don vi em) '); writeln; for i=l ton] do writeln(’ x[‘,i,’]=", x[i]:10:4 );end; ph. end; begin (than chuong trinh} clrscr; write(‘mo dun dan hoi E = ' ); readIn(E); for i:=1 10 mdo for j=1tomdo_ kt (ij) = 0; for k:=1 tondo begin writeln(‘phan tuk ); nsl; chiso ; mpt; mtg ; end; writeln; writeln(' ma tran tong the thu gon -. foris=1 ton do begin for j:=1 10 n do write( Kili jJ:10:2,’ *); ate end; Gauss; readin; end,b/Vi du sé chay CTI trén MTDT. Cho Thanh 3 bac (hinhI-3) 6 chiéu dai cde doan thanh Lj= 120cm; Ly= 8uem; L,=100em: lem’, F,=1,5cm’. Dien tich mat cét ngang F, ‘Vat ligu cé médun dan héi B=20000 kN/cm’ ‘Tai trong c6 chiéu theo hinh vé vi céc gid tri P)= P,= Py= 1 KN. Hoi Chuyén vi céc diém dat luc ? Gidi ‘Trong chvong trinh lap trén chua o6 gid tri cdc likug mn. Ta phai gén cdc gid tri dé ;{so phan tu} m =2:{so an chnyen vi nut) Cho chuong trinh chay tren mn hinh sé hign lén cdc dong thong béo Lin luot tir va yéu cau ta cho céc s6 ligu mo dun dan hoi E = ta cho sé'20000 nghia la 20000KNicm* phan tu 1 chiew dai phan tu L = ta cho sé 120 nghita la 120cm dingang pt F = ta cho 36° nghfa la Len? ws[1] = ta cho 300 ting véi rit tdi co’ dinh, chuyén vi bang 0 cs[2] = ta cho s6'| img voi chuyén vi nit phdi la U, phan tu 2 chieu dai phan tu L = a cho s6'100 nghia la 100cm dingang pt F = ta cho s6'1.5 nghia la 1Sem? es{1] = ta cho 36 1 ting véi mit trdi c6 dinh, chuyén vi béngU, €s[2] = ta cho 362 tg véi chuyéin vi mit phi la U, phan tw 3 img pin 13 2 PRPTHchieu dai phan tu L = fa cho 680 nghia fa 80em dingang pt F = 1a cho so'L nghia ta Len esl] = 1a cho so'2 ting vei mir trdi co'dinh, chuyée vi beings e812] = ta cho 963 sing voi chuyén vi mit phdi la Uy Sau khi thuc hien dién dt céc dong, an phim Enter tren man hinh sé xuat hign 0000 mo dun dan hoi E phan wt chicu dai phan tL = 120 dingang pt F = 1 es =0 es[2]=1 phan tu 2 chiew dai phan tu L. dingang pt F = 1.5 es(IJ=1 es[2] = 2 phan tu 3 chieu dai phan tu L = 80 dtngang pt F = I es] =2 [2] =3 ma tran tong the thu gon ------- 541.67 -375.00 0.00 ~375.00 575.00 -200.00 0.00 -200.00 200.00 *% GIAI HE PTDSTT BANG PHUONG PHAP KHU GALISS *** so an - chuyen vi nut = 3 tai rong nut (3 so) tren man hinh xuat hién cdc dong khac doi hoi cho cdc gid tri tai trong ti€p theo. Ta cho af] 4)= -1 ung voi P;=-1 RN. a[2,4)= al3,4J=1 sing voi P)=P:=/ KN. Thue hién xong trén man hinh sé xudt hién cdc dong af ,4]=-1 a[2,4]= 1 a[3,4]= 1 nghiem - chuyen vi nut (don vi cm) x{1] = 0.0060 x[2] = 0.0113 x13] = 0.0163 14, § 3. THANH MAT CAT NGANG TRON CHIU XOAN 1, Bai todn co ban Cho Thanh n bac (hinh1-4) 6 di, L am: 3M, =0; sn vA mOdun dan héi tried Cho tai trong mit M, i= 0... Cho Procedure Gauss Thuc hién procedure Gauss sé cho in va m gid tri cia cdc nghiém. ae fi Hinh 1-4 Hoi Viét chuong trinh Pascal tinh céc géc xoin trong déi @, (i = 1 wm) so vdi mat cat ngang tai vi tri x = 0? G Lay gc xoan tai mat ct ngang tai vi tri x = 0 1am méc nghia 14 chon @, = 0. Nhu vay taséc6m=n ‘Thong un vé phan tir gom: -chi s6 cdc nut chi 86 thir tu cdc dn sé chuyén yj nuit duge dinh sé lién tuc tir 1 den = quan hé chuyén vj (géc xodn) mit - lye nuit mo ta qua ma tran phiin tir (ke). Nat c6 chuyén vi khong phai a dn s6 (g, = 0) ¢6 chi s6 bing 0. Thong tin dé duge mo 4 qua ma tran dong chi s6 (cs{1..21). Néu ta dénh s6 phin tir Kin Iuot theo thit ty tir tri sang phai 1, 2,..., n va dénh s6 thif ty ting din cho cc géc xoiin ciin tim ciing tit tréi sang wey), Cho phdn tit 1 ta CO cs = (0 1), cho phan Ur K ta c6 cs = (K-1 k). phai @, (i = 15C6 thé say dung ma tran phin tir thanh chin xofin & day theo phtong phap gg h chiu kéo nén diing tam, Diéu d6 sé cho ta ket ad 1 chi pis 8G tng cho kéo nén nhwt chuyén vi U, modun dan h6l E, luc doe ii tha, ong tg Cho Xoin nhy «ity trén cho phan tir tha nhimg dai hreng dac tich mar cat ngang F e6 tong (1-1) bing nhimng dai lrgng M. Ta co quan he goc Xoan tong dot nit = nomen xosm msit cho phn tir thany 5 By i Ch ngang trin chi xodin dius dy (1-3). (M, ] Gift -1yn) { r 1 ile (lay v Nhu vay ta ¢6 ma tran phan tir ke = O day dac trung Muh hye mat dit ngang - momen quan tinh J = 1 d*/32, Vige nhap cdc théng tin ciin tir edie ma tran phan tir vao ma wan t6ng thé thu £0n h toin giéng nhu truéng hop thanh chiu kéo nén. Nhu vay cé thé ding chuong trip}, ra “oo * - . Vi sco cho thanh ehin kéo nén ding tam r6i thay nhiing dai lugng d§e trung cho kéo gy | 5 a uhdug dai Iugng tuong ting cho xoan dé c6 chutong trinh sau: ne 2. Chuong trinh Pascal tinh cdc g6c xodin nit (CT2) program xoantruc: (ten chuong trinh} uses CRT; [so phan tu} {so an chuyen vi nut} var ijk: integer ; d,L,G: realjes: array[..2] of integer; ke. auvay(1..2,1..2] of real; kt: array[1..m,L..m] of real; const n= m procedure nsl; {nhap so lieu pt} begin write(‘ chieu dai phan tu L = ‘ ); readIn(L); write(‘ duong kinh d =‘ ); readIn(d); cad, procedure chiso; begin for end: procedure mpt: begin Ke[1,1].=1, Ke[2,2, > Ke(2,1}--15 a i=1 to 2 do for j.=1 w 2 do Ke [i,j] = Ke [i,j]*G*3.1416 *d *d*d*d/32/L; end; procedure mtg; to 2 do begin write(‘cs|’ ,i ,’ ] ="); readin(cs[i]); end; 16Po begin to 2 do for j:=1 to 2 do begin . 0 begin if e 0 th PEN ea) <0 Rs = Re Ml w Retention end: . rocedure Gauss; label GI es maxsize=S0:var i,j.kunl : integer ; c: real acarray[1.. maxsize ,L., maxsize+t] of teal; x: array[ 1. maxsize ee i7e+1] of teal; x yf J of real writeln( *** GIALHE PIDSTT BANG PHUONG PHAP KHU GAUSS °**) writelnywrite (° so an - chuyen vi nut =',m ); nl:=m; jeIn((‘ tai trong nut('),n1," $0) ')s ton! do for j=1 to nl do al to nl do begin write(‘al* ji while inl do begin _ if ali,iJ=0 then begin GI: k:=i+1; if alk,i)=0 then goto GI: tonl+1 do. begin afk j}; afk,j}:=c; endend: {J<>0 then begin c:= al +1 toni+I do begin al +1 tonl+l do afk,j) ); readin(afinI+I]); end: mitt to nl do begin c:=alk.il [i,jVei end; for ik,jJ-ali,j]* ¢; endsend; isi +1 begin x{nl):=a{nl, n1+1)/alnl, nl); for i:=n1-1 downto 1 do begin x{iJ:=afi, nI+1}; for js=nl downto i+1 do xli}= xliJ-alij)* x1Jk; end: writeln;writeln; writeln(’ nghiem - chuyen vi nut ( don vi radian ) '); writeln; for :=1 10 nl do writeln( q[‘,i,"]=", xfi]:10:6 end: end; begin {than } clrscr; end. ; readIn(G); Kt fill ‘n writeln(’phan tu ‘Jk );nsl; chiso ; mpt ; mtg; ends - ma tran tong the thu gon tondo begin fork:=1tondo write( Kt{i .k]: begi writeln;writeln(’ “Ys writeln; end; Gauss; readIn; 3.Vi dy sO chay CT2 trén MTDT Cho Truc 3 bac (hinh 1-5) 66 Ly= 20cm; Ly= 16em; La= t G = 8000KN/ cm* 4 tri My= My= 10 KNem. 18cm, dy= d= 3em, d Vat ligu cé modun dan hoi trugt ‘Tai wrong c6 chiéu theo hinh ve v6i e&e gi 17Hinh 1-5. True 3 bac. Hoi Gioe xoan tong doi q, (i = 1.2.3) so vdi mat edt ngang tai vi i X = 0 (q=) Gidi Tiong chyong trinh kip trén chia ¢6 gua tri cae hang anon. Ta phai gén c&e pig 4, n = 3: {so phan tu} m = 3;{s0 an chuyen vi nut} cho chuong trinh chay trén man hinh sé hién lén cdc dong thong bao lén uot yg “ng phan ut va yeu edu ta cho ede 86 lig Sau khi thye hign day di ede dang, 4n phim Enter tren man hinh sé xuat hién mo dun dan hoi G = 8000 phantul = + chieu dai phan tu L = 20 duong kinh d = 3 es[1]=0 cs[2]=1 phan tu 2 chieu daj phan tu L = 16 duong kinh d= 5 cs[I] = 1 cs[2] =2 phan tu 3 chieu dai phan tu L = 18 duoug kiuh d = 3 es(] =2 cs[2] =3 18ma tran tong the thu gon 4380.56 -30074.69 0.00 -30074.09 34213.99 -3534.30 0.00 © =3534.30 3934.30 *¢* GIAL HE PTDSTT BANG PHUONG PHAP KHU GAUSS °*? son chuyen vi nut = 3 tai trong nut(3 so) a{1.4)=0 af2dJ=0 al3.41= 10 nghiem - chuyen vi nut (don vi radian) g{i] = 0.003144 u.u054 /0 0.006299 als §4. NHAN XET Nhu vay chuong trinh gém hai phin #6 rét: nsl,taizmpt,mtg 1a nhimg chuang trinh con nhfp théng tin (c6 thé tryc tigp tir ban phim theo Iénh readin)va chuyén ede thong tin tit mang no sang ming kia. C6 thé bé quia CTC lap ma tran tng thé ket, chuyén ngay céc thong tin cita cée nit e6 chuyén vi phai fim tirma tran phén tir ke vao ma tran thu gon kt - bd qua nhting thong tin cia mtit o6 Tién ket Gauss 1a phan tinh todn. Cau 1./ Hay cho vi du trinh bay duéi dang chudn bai todin tinh két cdu khung xe dap? 2./ Hay cho cde vt du xdp xt Lagrange, Hermit eda mot dai long nao d5? 3.1 Cho vi du 86 vdi 5 phén ti? va. héy tu chon nhitng so ligu con lai cho bai todn thanh chiu kéo nén diing tam. Tao file két qué dé in két qud gom mtg va cde chuyén vi nit? 4./Tuong ty cau 3 nhung chu tring hgp thanh mat cdt ngang tron chiu xodn? 5./ Cho vi du sé udi 4 phan tit va hay tv chon nhiing 86 iw con lai cho bai todn xodn true mat edt ngang tron. Chay chiang trinh 2 dé tim gée xodn twong doi clla cde mat edt niit so vdi mat edit nuit A giita (niit thi bal? 19Ching ta xét phuong phap phan ti quy nap) § 1.BAITOAN Cho Ne dan phang 5 chiéu dai cdc tha Chuong 2 He DAN PHANG cach gidi bai todn dan cy thé voi mot s6 it thanh theo eg. 1 haw han, rdi tir dé Khai quat hod cho dan phang bat ky (hit, Sy '8 bh DAN cu THE thanh (hinh 2-1) v6i cde kich thuée: nh dai V2 L dien tich mat cat ngang F/v2; chiéu dai cdc thanh ngdn L , dign tich mat cat ngany F va cé modun dan Hei Gidi 20 Chuyén vi céc nut? Lan lugt tién hanh cdc héi E; tai trong P >—_ L a Hinh 2-1 bude1 Dinh 86 3 phan ti DBAOSD (hrm? 2y; dhoh oh ny $9.14 a ® ", ® a L i ® 2 7 Hinh 2-2 Cac thong tin hinh hoc vé phén tir k (nbap 86 ligu cho phan tit k) s€ ila Fyva X,Y, X.Y; (tir dé suy ra chidu dai Ly) cée chuyén vi nuit niit 1: U, ,U, mit 2: U,,U, nuit 3: 0,0 nit 4: 0.0 ~ cc phan tir phn tir D: mit, nit3 phdn tt @: mit, mat phn wt QO: niitl, nuit2 phan ti @: ndit3, ndt2 phn tir ©: nutd, nuit2 C6 thé cho cée thong tin vé cdc phan tir va chuyén vi nuit vao cdc ma tran chi sé cs: array[1..4] of integer goi phn tir @ ta cd cs = (1 234) vi dy goi phin tir D ta c6 cs = (1200) i vy Hinh 2-3 212/ Tim ke choc he phiin tit, vi dw cho phan cir k cninh2-4) s a y, o [ot og x, Hinh 2.4. Quan hé lue chuyén vi nit (Ni) f? yur nie} [22 7 774; N! “lo 79? u N; 27°27: 7XRU; Quan hé bién dang thanh - chuyén vj mit (theo hinh 2-4) U,))eoso + ( Uy U,) sina F X va U,)- Uy! li do dan theo phuong y, AL ={(U,!- O day U,’- U,'la dé dan theo phuong. NL Tir cong thitc cia SBVL: AL = —= cong thiic cia SB = va diéu kien can bang thanh Ni = - Nj suy ra NJ=N cosa, Ny/=N sina, voi Nyi= N cose, Nj! =~ N since tir 46 quan he Iyc - chuyén vi nuit c6 thé duge viét lai dudi dang N cc cs tee -cs Uy ui Ny | EF} ss -cs -ss | U) Ss U; Ni] L ce cs | Uh UL Ny dx. ss [us uv trong dé ta ding ky hiéu c thay cho cosa. va s thay cho sine 3./ Quy tai trong vé niit: P, = - P 4./ Hop céc ke vao ma tran t6ng thé thu gon (kt) 22- Phan tir © 8 =(1200) a= a, core =-1, sin = 0 quan he Iue-chuyén vi (Ny u, Ny Uy Ni 0 Ni 0 tir phan tir © ta 66 duye ubiing thong tin vé U, , U, va theo Quy tac chuyén ta co thé chuyén ede théng tin dé vio mtg kt (l= ke (11) + kt (1,1) kt 11,21:= ke [1,2] + kt (1,2) kt [2,1]:= ke (2,1) + kt (2.1] kt (2,2]:= ke [2,2] + kt [2,2] nghia 1a kt [isi]:= ke [i,j] + kt Gils b= 1.2 - Phan tir @ es = (1200) = -3n/ 4, costr= since = - V2 12 quan hé Iye-chuyén Vi Ni) 12, M2 “U2 “1/2 Us Ni | _BR/ 1/2 1/2 -1/2 -1/2] UL Ni] T,} 2-2/2 12 0 Ny -12 -1/2 2 2 LO tir phan tir @ ta c6 duge nhting thong tin vé U, , Uva theo Quy tac chuyén ta 06 thé chuyén cdc thong tin dé vao kt kt [1,1):= ke (1,1) + kt (1. 23kt (1,.2:= ke [1,2] + kt [1,2] Kt [2.11= ke [21] + kt (2.1) kt [2.2}:= ke (2.21 + kt [2,2] nghia [a kt (isils= ke (ii) + KU Lis ij = 1,2 - Phin tir @ cs = (1234), a= -n/2, coset =0, sind = -1 quan hé lyc-chuyén vi Ny 0 0 N} | _ER/O 1 0 _ ER, 0 Ni] L,]/o 0 0 of U, Ni 0-10 tir phan tit @ ta c6 duge nhimg thong tin vé U, , U2 .Us , Us va theo Quy tic chy, ta cé thé chuyén cdc thong tin d6 vao kt "8 kt (i,i]:= ke (i,j) + ke [i,j]; i,j = 12.3.4 - Phin tr © cs =(0034),a=-n/4,cosa= V2 /2,sina=- V2 /2 quan hé luc-chuyén vi my 1/2 -1/2 -1/2 1/20 Ny] EK] -1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2) 0 Ni] L,{-1/2 1/2 1/2 -1/2/U; ni 1/2 -1/2 -1/2 1/2 \Us tir phan tir © ta c6 duge nhiing thong tin vé U, , U, va theo Quy tiie chuyén ta c6 tht chuyén céc thong tin dé vao mtg 3,4 kt [i,j):= ke [ij] + kt fils i - Phan tr © cs =(0034),a=0,cosa=1, sina =0 24quan he Iye-chuyén vi Ni 1 0 -1 ovo Ni 0 0 ofo la 0 1 ofu, N 0 0 ohu, Tur phd tit © ta co duge nhiing thong tin vé U, , U, va theo Quy the chuyén ta cé thé chuyén cdc théng tin d6 vao mtg, Kt Lil:= ke [ij] + kt fils ij = 3.4 Voi F,= F (i= 5.) cée két qua thao tac trén cho ta ma tran téng thé thu gon sau 0 3 1 0 0YU, -P|_EF}I 5 0 -4|u. 0} 4L]lo o 5s -1}u, 0 o 44 shu, a 5. / Giai hé 4 phuong trinh 4 dn s6 ta tim duge U, , U, , Uy, Uy _OPL 7 =30PL |, __ SPL EF EF” ' EF" Tat cd nhiing thao téc trén c6 thé duge lap lai cho trudng hop téng quat dan phang voi sO phn tir bat ky va co thé due 1p trink theo ngon ngit Pascal § 2, CHUONG TRINH TINH DAN N PHAN TU , M NUT TU DO (CTS) program dan; {ten chuong trinh} uses CRT; var {khai bao} aym,i,jk: integer; si,coE,E,L: real; ke:array[1..4,1..4] of real; kt. array(1..50,1..50] of real; cs: array(1..4] of integer; procedure nsl; (nhap so lien pt) var X1,X2,X3,X4:real; begin write dt mat cat ngang phan tu F =" ); readln(F); writeln(’ cac toa do nut X1,X2,X3,X4 le-ngang chan-dung’ ); write’ XI =' ); readln(X1);write(’ X2 =" ); readIn(X2); write(’ X3 ="); readin(X3);write(’ X4 =" ); readln(X4y; Lessqrt(sqr(X1-X3}+ sqr(X2-X4)); 25Shi=(N4-X2MLgCO:=(X3-X DAS end: procedure chico; (ehi so nut phan tu) — hopin for c= 1 tod do begin writeCest! si ,'] =") readin(esliD); end; end: procedure mpts begin . eielLt]:-coteo: ke[2.2:=s1%si; kel 3, 3=coteu, ke[4,4]:=si*9i; kel 1 2]-=co"st: ke| 1, 3]:=-Co*C0; kel 14 i Kol 2.a=-corst; Kel2,4b=-si%sis kel 3,4) kel2.1]:-=co*si; kel 3,1 ]:=-coteo; ke[4,1 é kel3.2]:=-co¥si; ke[4,2]:=-si*si; ke[4,3]:=co¥si; for i.=1 to 4 do for j:=1 to 4 do ke [i,j}:= ke Fig /*F* FM: end: n tong the thu gon) CTC lap ma t 1 to 4 do for j:=1 to 4 do begin if cs[i] <> 0 then “os{j] <> 00 then ktlesli).cs[jJJ:= ktlcslil.csfill + Keli, iJ; endsend; procedure mtg: begin for begin if end; procedure Gauss: {CIC giai he phuong trinh dai so tuyen tinh} nst maxsize=5O;var igj,k.nl: integer: c: real; maxsize ,|.. maxsize+1] of real; x: array[1.. maxsize] of real; label G atarray[I begin writeln: * GIA HE PTDSTT BANG PHUONG PHAP KHU GAUss *), writeln(’ writeln:write ("so an - chuyen vi nut =’, m ): n1:=1 writeln;writeln( tai trong nut('.n1,' so) for i:=1 t0 1 do for j:=I to nl do afi,j]:=KtLi,j]; for i=1 to nl do begin write('a{' i ,'’,n1+1,'] i=l, while i0 then begin e:= ali, +1 tonl+1 do begin afi +1 to nl+l do afk,j):=alk,j}-ali,j}* begin x[nlJ:=a{nl, n1+1Ya[nl, nl]; for i: ); readin(afinl+1)); end; [ni}:= f n-1 downto 1 do begin x[i):=afi, nl-+1]; for j:=n1 downto i+ do x[i}:= x[i]-ali,j]* x{jJ; end; writeln;writeln, writen nghiem - chuyen vi nut '); writeln; f for i:=1 to n1 do writeIn(’ XL, x[i]:10:5 );end; , end; begin fi than chuong trinh } clrscr; write(‘mo dun dan hoi E = ' ); readin( E); write('so phan tun = feadin(n); write('so an nut m= '); :ea ; to m do for j:=1 tom do =_—* 26mig Lg k= 0: for k:=1 ton do begin writen phan Wk; sk ehiso; mpt { writelng ima tran phan tw for ¢=1 tod do, ' " begin for j:=1 t0 4 do writet keli j]:102): writeln: end: readin: | murs end; Ins writeln( ma tran tong the thu gon ) for i:=1 tom do begin for j-1 tom do write( Kt(i ¥j}:10-2) writeln; end; Gauss; readin; end, Chui §: 6 day doan trong ngoac { writeln( sseees> ma tran phan tu -~ for i:=1 t0 4 do begin for j:=1 w 4 du write keli J:8: 1); writeln; end; readin;) khong duge dich ra chu may. Dé theo déi timg ma tin phn tit tren man hinh ma tinh can va (delet) ngode déng mé { } trén (cdi lenh). g 3. Vi DU SO CHAY CT3 TREN MTDT Cho Dan 4 thanh (hinh 2-5) 66 cae ki mat cat ngang F =1cm?. Vat ligu c6 modi ch thuée: chiéu dai nhip dan L = 100cm; dién tich jun dan hoi E=20000 kN/em*. Hinh 2-5Tai trong co chigu theo huh vé véi ede gid tri P= TKN. Ta ky hie A ching cha nuit hdi tu céc phan tir DOOD U,. U, - chnyén vi ngang v u,.U,- U,, U, - chuyén vi ngang va ding ota cia mit hOi tu cfc phan tir O@ chuyén vi ngang vi din nuit hoi ty cde phan tir ODO Hoi Chuyén vi cde diém dat luc? Gidi .¢ trinh chay, trén man hinh sé hign 1én e&e dong thong bé0 lén dy di cdc yeu cau, ket qua thy gg May Cho chuton| yeu cau ta cho ede s6 ligu. Thye hign di phan tir vi hinh cdc dong mo dun dan hoi E = so phan tu so an nutm phan tu I at mat cat ngang phan.tu F = 1 cac toa do nut X1,X2,X3,X4 le-ngang chan-dung Xi phan tu 2 dt mat cat ngang phan tu F = I cac toa do nut X1,X2,X3,X4 le-ngang_ chan-dung X1=0 es[1]=0 ces[2] =0 28phan ww 3 dt mat cat ngang phan tu F = | cac toa do nut XLX2.X3.X4 le Xl= chan dung es[4] - 2 phan tu 4 att cat ngang phan tn cac toa do nut X1,X2,X3,X4 ie -ngang chan-dung X1= 100 phan ty S dt mat cat ngang phan tu F= 1 cae toa do nut X1,X2,X3,X4 le-ngang chan-dung. x1 =200 phan tu 6 dt mat cat ngang phan tu F=1 cac toa do nut X1,X2,X3,K4 le ngang chan-dung es{l es{2]-0 cs[3]=5 29 3 PPPTHHesl =6 phan tu 7 dt mat cat ngang phan tw P= 1 cae oa de nut NLLX2,N3.N4_ Te ngang chan-dung XI = 100 ma tran tong the thu gon 341.42 0.00 70.71 70.71 0.00 00 0.00 341.42. 7071 «=-7071_ ~—-0.00-— -200.00 -70.71 70.71 270.71 -70.71 200.00 -0.00 0.00 uo 70.71 70.71 -70.71 70.71 9.00 -270000 «0.00 470.71 -70.71 0.00 -70.71 270.71 0.00 -200.00 0.00 0.00 *** GIAI HE PTDSIT BANG PHUONG PHAP KHU GAUSS *** so an - chuyen vi nut = 6 tai trong nut( 6 so) [6,7] = -1 nghiem - chuyen vi nut Nhu vay 6 dau phai cia dan (nuit néi cdc thanh ©@) chuyén vi xudng dudi va Ii lin nhat v6i gid tri 0.11559 cm. Chuyén vi ngang cia nit hoi tu cdc phn tr O@@@ vé phia phai, ciia cde mit hoi cdc phan tir ©@, hdi tu cdc phan tir OOOO déu vé phia trai. 30‘Cau hai 1,/ Tim nhimng sur thay déi hinh vé 2-1 va ma tean téng thé thu gon cing nb i [eh giai név ta lan lugt cho them eae dién kien: a). U= 0. b). U,=0,¢). Uy =0, 4). U, = 0? 2, Dong goi chuong trinh tinh dan viét & tren vao mot CTC dudi dang procedure dan (var F: array[ 1..2] of real; S: real); 6 day F [i} - dign tich mat cat ngang z thanh duge chon cita dan (2 ; 5 ts f [s- J veTToar =-f U(DS)'odF =-f t8T B'DBSAF | Vi cae chuyén vy mit’, 8, bé day phan tirt khong déi trong mién A ctla phan tis, ta 6 thé dua tit cd ra ngoai dau tich phan, (3-1) ed dang Sf = Stl BDBIFS ‘Tit d6 ta c6 quan hé Ine nét f va chuyén vi nuit § f =({ B'DBdF) x § 4 Theo dinh nghfa ma tran phan titta c6 ke=t [ BTDBdF 4 §2. CAC vi DU 4,Thanh chiu kéo nén Cho Phan ti thanh tiét digu ngang F khong ddi (hinh 3-1) voi cdc bé day t= L, modun dan héi E Cs L Hinh 3-1 33Cho 34 Gia Rue 1 Tap ma ted hinh hoe Be ma teh ink hoe cho ta ANA HE bigy gg, chuveén vi niit_ © = BS. Theo cong thite Cosi cho bai toan mot chiéu = dU /dx =const tir ds U-a, tax =Cl x2Ca a) hay thay toa do mit x = 0, x — L va viét lai dudi dang ma tran (orem eG 2) GF ) va chuyén vi U trong mién phan tr sé 1a va af) (2) nr dé 0 Suyra B= (0 1) 1 tle (2) LL Budc 2 : ma tran dan héi D Trudng hop trang thai ing sudt don ta cé D=E mo dun dan héi Budc 3 : thay vao cong thitc t6ng quat (3-2) ke= VB‘EB=—=A(} - L (-1 1 2. Dam chju uén Phan tir d4m chiu u6n (hinh3-2) cé chiéu dai L, mo men quan tinh mat cat ngang ‘myfw J y'dSF, modun dan héi B. 4 Hinh 3-2 Hoi Ma tran phn tir ke ? Gidi Bude 1 : 4p ma tran hinh hoc B sma trn hinh hoe cho ta quan hé bign dang qua chuyén vi mit &= BS 4g day bién dang mit chon Ia au_ av e== a ae Chon V 1a da thie bac 3 (hu vay Iue ct se 18 hing 36 trong sust mien phan tir theo cong thite SBVL ): Q= EI d°V/ dx? V(x) = arty X44 XAG? = (ES eS)@ & oa! gms @ 12x HIG & ay =o(L)} voi chuyén vi nat 8 = (Vi = VO) @1=% (0),V2= VL). 9 Tir ds vy) (10 0 OY offer & Oo fefatnt@ © ay" v,} jib poe da oJ (ot a he 356 Vix) ta e6 Thay vao cong thie cho VOX) 14 6° yxy kD fae aM. oo Thay tigp vao cong thie cho & ae | Sy ly Bude 2: ip ma tran dan hoi D ta bo qua ting suat icp trong khi xét chuyén vi dém tay % cing nhw trong SBVL thai tg swat don D-E Buse 3: thay vio cong thifc tinh ma tran phan tir 1 _el (pTBdF ke = fe DBAV = EI iF BdFdx oy Voi cong thife momen quén tiny J = f[yrar f sau khi khai trién ta s® c6 két qua 12 6L -12 OL we - OBO L 2v T| 12 6L G4) dx 4u §3. QUY DOI TAI TRONG TUONG BUGNG Khai niem tuong duong duoc ding rong 14i trong nhiéu Tinh vuc. Hai doi tugng tuong duong 1a hai déi tuong khdc nhau nhung cho cing mot chi s6 do. __ Trong eo hoc phé bién quan nigm: hai he lye tuong duong téc dung lén vat rin bién dang cho c6ng cia chting trén nhitng chuyén vi kha di tuong ting bing khong. 1. Thay thé hé luc phan bé bing hé Iyc tap trung tudng duong dat d nut Cho Phan tir dam chiu tai trong phan bé déu (hinh 3-3 trai) 36“EEE “t : 45" L. Hinh 3-3 Hat Tai trong (M.Q) twong duong tap trung & nit (hinh 3-3 pha? Gidi Diéu kign trong dong AQ) =A (P.M, PM) G5) 6 day A(q(a)) 1h cOng cba tai trong q(x) tren chuyén vj kha di V" (x) A (P..Mi, P2.M;) la cong cita tai trong nit tren cde chuyén vi nit kha di -V\", O Vrs G2 P,.M,, P>.Mb 1a cate ti nut (hinh 4-4) Hinh 3-4 A(P,.M,.P;,.M;) = (P, M Alo) = a(x)V"G) dx i 1 PB MCV gy VY gy DF ThayV(x) = ata, x+a,x’4a,x° = (1 x x? x) *(a, a, ay ay)” voi chuyén vi nit VY, = VO), 0. = 9 (V2 = VIL). 2 = 9 (L) Tind V) (10 0 0Ya, o|jo1 0 ofa], = = {Hb (a, vf jibe Beda o} (o 1 2 aha 37